WE’LL LEARN ABOUT

Definition, Causes, Effects, Control measures of

Soil Thermal Noise

Pollution Pollution Pollution
SOIL POLLUTION
Soil pollution is the
unfavorable alteration
of soil by the addition
or removal of
substances which
decrease soil
productivity and
ground water quality.
 SOIL POLLUTION
Soil pollution is the unfavorable
alteration of soil by the addition or
removal of substances which
decrease soil productivity and
ground water quality.

It usually results from different

human activities like dumping of
waste, use of agro chemicals,
mining operations and urbanization.
 CAUSES AND EFFECTS
The industrial solid waste and sludge
contain toxic organic and inorganic
compounds as well as heavy metals.

The radio active waste from nuclear

power plants and nuclear explosions also
contaminate the soil.

Fly ash contains fine particulates which

are released from thermal power plants. It
settle on the ground and cause pollution.
 CAUSES AND EFFECTS
The hospital waste contains a variety of
pathogens that can seriously affect
human health.

Agricultural chemicals such as pesticides,

insecticides and inorganic fertilizers may
pollute drinking water and can change the
chemical properties of the soil adversely
affecting the soil organisms.
 CONTROL MEASURES
Management of soil wastes include
collection and categorization of wastes.
Recovery of resources like scrap metals,
plastics, etc., for recycling and reuse and
safe disposal with a minimum
environmental hazards is to be followed.

Afforestation and reforestation should be

undertaken on a large scale to prevent soil
erosion and loss of soil nutrients.
THERMAL POLLUTION
Thermal pollution is any
sudden change in the
temperature of a natural
body of water. Normally
rivers, lakes, and oceans
maintain a fairly steady
temperature.
 CAUSES
Both natural events and human activities can cause thermal pollution.
The most common cause is discharges of wastewater used for
industrial cooling. Thermal pollution can also happen when something
affects a body of water’s ability to cool off naturally.

Use of water as a cooling agent in industries and paper factories - The

water cools the machinery and returned back to the river with altered
temperature.

Natural causes- Natural causes like volcanoes, geothermal vents, and

hot springs can cause heat into water bodies.
 EFFECTS
Thermal pollution harms ecosystems in various ways. Besides killing or
harming aquatic creatures directly, it changes their habitats in ways that
make them less livable.

Decrease in dissolved oxygen levels - When the temperature of the

water bodies rises the bond of oxygen molecule breaks as a result the
dissolved oxygen decreases and affects the fishes and marine
ecosystem.

Increase in toxins - When water is returned back from the industries it

contains some toxic chemicals which affect the marine ecosystem.
CAN THERMAL
POLLUTION BE
RESOLVED?
The main source of thermal pollution is cooling water. Thus, the best
way to address the problem is to get rid of once-through cooling
systems. There are three ways to do this. Either don’t use water for
cooling, cool the water before dumping it, or don’t dump it at all.

Dry cooling systems - It’s possible to cool machinery with air instead
of water.

Cooling ponds and towers - There are several ways to cool waste
water before releasing it into the environment.

Recycling wastewater - A final option is to recycle wastewater. It can

be cooled in a cooling tower or an artificial lake, then reused for
cooling again and again.
NOISE POLLUTION
Noise pollution refers to
the excessive amount of
noise in the surrounding
that tends to disrupt the
natural balance. Generally,
any sound which is over
120 decibels is considered
to be harmful.
 CAUSES
Industrialization: has led to an increase in noise pollution as use of
heavy machinery such as generators, transformers, mills, and huge
exhaust fans are used, resulting in the production of unwanted noise.

Vehicles: Increased number of vehicles on the roads is also the reason

for noise pollution.

Events: Weddings and the public get together involve loudspeakers to

play music resulting in the production of unwanted noise.

Construction sites: Mining, construction of buildings, quarrying, etc

add to the noise pollution.
 EFFECTS
Hypertension: Long duration of exposure to a high volume of music
results in elevated blood pressure.

Hearing loss: Constant exposure of human ears to loud noise that is

beyond the range of sound. It can damage the membrane of the ear
resulting in loss of hearing.

Sleeping disorders: Lack of sleep might result in tiredness and low

energy level throughout the day affecting everyday activities.
 CONTROL MEASURES
Honking should be bannedat sensitive prone areas like teaching
institutes, hospitals, etc.

Adequate soundproof systems should be installed in specific areas.

Musical instruments’ sounds can be used to control desirable limits.

Dense tree cover is useful in noise pollution as they have the capacity
to absorb noise to some extent.
TEAMBCAMEMBERS
1ˢᵗ SHIFT ( II - B )

Saurav Chaturvedi - 02314902023

Anshu Kumar - 02114902023
Geetansh Grover - 01914902023
Lakshay - 02514902023
Dhruv Bajaj - 02414902023
Gaurav Chouhan - 02714902023
THANK
YOU!!
Primary and Secondary
Air Pollutants
Presented by:
❖ HARSHITA PANDEY
❖ SEHAJDEEP SINGH
❖ SHYAMAL MALHOTRA
❖ PIYUSH KUMAR
❖ JAI GOPAL SINGH TOMAR
❖ YUVRAJ SINGH CHAUHAN
Introduction
Air pollutants are substances introduced
into the atmosphere that can have harmful
effects on human health, the environment
and the climate.

These pollutants can come from natural

sources, like volcanoes, or be created by
human activities like burning fossil fuels.

There are two types of Air pollutants:

1. Primary air pollutants
2. Secondary air pollutants
TYPES Air
OF Pollutants
 Primary Air Pollutants
Primary air pollutants are directly emitted into the
atmosphere from natural and anthropogenic sources.

Examples of primary pollutants include carbon

monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen
oxides (NOx).

These pollutants can have adverse health effects and

environmental impacts such as contributing to the
formation of smog, acid rain, and poor air quality.
 Sources of Primary Air Pollutants
❑ Primary air pollutants originate from both natural and human
made (anthropogenic) sources.

❑ Natural sources include volcanic eruptions, forest fires, and

windblown dust. Anthropogenic sources are primarily the result
of human activities, such as transportation, industrial processes,
and energy production

❑ Common anthropogenic sources of primary pollutants include

vehicle emissions, power plants, manufacturing facilities, and
residential heating and cooking. These activities release a variety
of pollutants, including carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide,
nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter.
 Types of
Primary air
Pollutants
❑ Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, ❑ Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a colorless,
odorless gas primarily produced by the pungent gas that is primarily released
incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, such from the burning of fossil fuels, such
as in vehicle engines and industrial processes. as coal and oil, as well as from
volcanic eruptions.
❑ CO has a high affinity for hemoglobin, the
oxygen-carrying molecule in the blood, ❑ Exposure to SO2 can cause
reducing the body's ability to transport and respiratory issues, including
utilize oxygen, leading to potential health exacerbating asthma symptoms.
issues. Additionally, it is a key contributor to
the formation of acid rain, which can
❑ Environmentally, CO contributes to the damage vegetation and aquatic
formation of ground-level ozone and smog, ecosystems.
which can have detrimental effects on air
quality and the ecosystem.
❑ Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are a group of highly
reactive gases primarily formed during high-
temperature combustion processes, such as in
vehicle engines and power plants. The two major
nitrogen oxides that occur are NO and NO2.

❑ Exposure to NOx can cause respiratory issues like

coughing, wheezing, and difficulty breathing. NOx
also contributes to the formation of harmful
ground-level ozone and smog.

❑ Environmentally, NOx emissions can lead to acid

rain, which damages vegetation and aquatic
ecosystems. The excess nitrogen can also cause
eutrophication in water bodies, leading to algal
blooms and depleted oxygen levels.
 Particulate Matter (PM)
❑ The particles that pollute the air by being suspended can be defined as particulate pollutants. These particles are
results of some anthropogenic processes like vehicles, industries, construction sites/activities, etc. Or natural sources
like pollen, volcanic eruptions, natural gaseous precursors, etc. Their size ranges from 0.001 to 500 micrometers
(µm) in diameter.

Heavy Particulate Matter Suspended Particulate Nanoparticulate Matter

Matter

•More than 10 µm •Less than 10 µm •Less than 0.02 µm

•Settles down after a point •Floats and moves freely •Very light and harmful
with air currents •Form aerosols

❑ PM 2.5 particles (2.5 µm or less) are declared as one of the most harmful particulate pollutants by the Central
Pollution Control Board (CPCB). They are so tiny that they can be detected only with the help of an electron
microscope. These fine particulates can be inhaled deep into the lungs and can cause breathing and respiratory
problems, irritation, inflammations, and pneumoconiosis (a disease of the lungs caused due to the inhalation of
dust. It is characterized by inflammation, coughing, and fibrosis – excess deposition of fibrous tissue).
 Volatile Organic compounds (VOCs)
❑ Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a class of carbon-based chemicals
that easily evaporate at room temperature. These are commonly found in
industrial processes, vehicle emissions, and household solvents

❑ Exposure to VOCs can cause respiratory

issues like throat irritation and asthma, as
well as neurological effects like headaches
and dizziness.

❑ VOCs also play a significant role in the

formation of ground-level ozone and
photochemical smog, which can have
detrimental impacts on the environment
and human health.
 Secondary Air Pollutants
Secondary pollutants are pollutants which form in the atmosphere. These pollutants are not emitted directly
from a source (like vehicles or power plants). Instead, they form as a result of the pollutants emitted from
these sources reacting with molecules in the atmosphere to form a new pollutant.

These substances essentially "cook up" in the atmosphere, and are typically found downwind of primary
emissions due to the time it takes to produce them. When primary pollutants cannot be dispersed due to
inversion layers in the atmosphere, smog is formed over the area where they were produced. This is why
smog is so prominent in cities with warm, dense atmospheres.

Due to the fact that secondary pollutants can be formed from a wide variety of compounds, they are a major
source of concern. The mixture of these causes yellow clouds, which are extremely hazardous to human
health. They release carbon monoxide, which also is one of the most significant contributors to air pollution
(in terms of weight) in the atmosphere. However, secondary pollutants could be more hazardous as well as
serious to people’s health than primary pollutants, despite the horrifying statistics
 Types of
Secondary air
Pollutants
 Ground level ozone
❑ Ground level ozone is a ❑ Ground level ozone is created by a ❑ Due to its reactivity and close
highly reactive secondary chemical reaction between volatile proximity to the Earth's surface,
pollutant. This pollutant organic compounds and nitrogen ground level ozone can have large
forms when primary oxides. The sun and high temperatures effects on people. These effects
pollutants, like hydrocarbons act as catalysts to this reaction. This include breathing problems,
and nitrogen oxides, react makes its production within warm, coughing, and irritation to the eyes,
with sunlight. densely populated, urban cities a nose, and throat.
common occurrence.
❑ It can also reduce the body's immune
system, increasing the potential for
colds and flu. lung function, in
particular, may be affected adversely.
Ground level ozone can affect the
health of plants and animals. It can
also cause damage to rubber, fabrics,
and paints.
 Acid Rain (H2O (l) + CO2 (g) ⇌ H2CO3)

❑ Acid rain is produced when water in the air combines

with nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide, two types of
pollutants, and then falls down the surface of the
Earth. These pollutants may also collect on the Earth's
surface and the rain may combine with it upon arrival
to the Earth, so the term "acid deposition" is often
preferred over acid rain.

❑ Acid rain has many detrimental effects on

vegetation, freshwater ecosystems, and natural and
man-made structures. It can also cause respiratory
diseases in humans. When lakes and other bodies of
water become too acidic, typically less than a pH of
6.0, plants and aquatic life begin to suffer.
 Photochemical Smog
❑ Photochemical smog is a type of smog produced when
ultraviolet light from the sun reacts with nitrogen oxides in
the atmosphere. It is visible as a brown haze, and is most
prominent during the morning and afternoon, especially in
densely populated, warm cities.

❑ Nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are emitted

from the combustion of fossil fuels, along with being
naturally emitted from things such as volcanos and forest fires.
❑ Photochemical smog has many adverse
When exposed to ultraviolet radiation, NO2 goes through a
effects. When combined with
complex series of reactions with hydrocarbons to produce the
hydrocarbons, the chemicals contained
components of photochemical smog—a mixture of ozone,
within it form molecules that cause eye
nitric acid, aldehydes, peroxyacyl nitrates (PANs) and other
irritation. Other effects include reduced
secondary pollutants.
visibility and respiratory ailments.
 Comprehensive Air
01 Quality Assessment
02 Targeted Mitigation
Strategies
Understanding both primary Distinguishing between primary and
and secondary pollutants is Importance secondary pollutants enables the
crucial for a complete
evaluation of air quality, as they of development of more effective and
targeted strategies to reduce air
have different sources,
behaviors, and impacts on the understanding pollution, addressing the root causes
and addressing the complex
environment and human health. primary and chemical reactions in the
atmosphere.
03 Predicting Air secondary Comprehensive
Pollution Dynamics 04
Modeling the formation and pollutants Regulatory Framework
Policies and regulations that
transformation of secondary
pollutants helps predict air quality account for both primary and
changes over time and space, secondary pollutants can more
allowing for proactive planning effectively protect public health
and response to potential and the environment from the
pollution episodes. diverse impacts of air pollution.
 Monitoring and
Regulation
Monitoring is an exercise to measure ambient air
pollution levels in an area.

Monitoring itself does not reduce air pollution, it

gives us clues on how much is the pollution, where is
the pollution, and when is that pollution.
 Monitoring Air Regulatory
Quality Frameworks
❑ Governments use advanced ❑ Governmental regulations set limits
monitoring systems to measure air on emissions and mandate the use
pollutant levels, including satellite of pollution control technologies.
data, ground-based sensors, and International agreements, such as
mobile monitoring units for the Paris Climate Accord, establish
identifying problem areas and global standards and commitments
tracking the impact of emission to improve air quality worldwide.
reduction efforts.

Reducing Emissions Improving Air Quality

❑ Strategies to lower air pollutant ❑ Effective monitoring and regulation
emissions include transitioning to help identify the most pressing air
renewable energy, implementing vehicle quality issues and guide the
emission standards, and promoting development of targeted solutions.
energy efficiency. Governments offer These combined efforts aim to
incentives and enforce compliance to protect public health, safeguard the
drive these efforts at the local, national, environment, and mitigate the
and international levels. impacts of air pollution.
TECHNOLOGICAL
SOLUTIONS
 Cleaner Energy Vehicle Emission Green
Sources Controls Infrastructure

Transitioning from fossil fuels

to cleaner energy sources such Implementing stricter emission Implementing green
as solar, wind, hydroelectric, standards for vehicles and infrastructure such as green
and nuclear power can promoting the adoption of electric roofs, urban forests, and
significantly reduce air vehicles (EVs) can reduce emissions permeable pavements can help
pollution associated with of harmful pollutants like nitrogen absorb pollutants and mitigate
burning coal, oil, and natural oxides (NOx), particulate matter the urban heat island effect,
gas. (PM), and volatile organic improving overall air quality.
compounds (VOCs)
 Carbon Capture Alternative Cooking Public Transportation
and Storage (CCS) Technologies and Infrastructure

CCS technologies capture In regions where indoor Investing in efficient public

carbon dioxide emissions from cooking with solid fuels such transportation systems and
industrial processes and power as wood or coal is common, infrastructure encourages
plants, preventing them from promoting cleaner cooking fewer people to rely on private
entering the atmosphere. technologies like clean vehicles, reducing overall
cookstoves can reduce indoor emissions from transportation.
air pollution.
 Public Awareness and Action
01 Raising Awareness 02 Individual Actions
Educating the public on the impact Simple everyday choices, such
of air pollution is crucial to driving as using public transportation,
positive change. Campaigns, media reducing energy consumption,
coverage, and community outreach and supporting eco-friendly
can help spread awareness and businesses, can collectively
inspire individuals to take action. make a significant difference in
mitigating air pollution.
03 Collective Effort 04 Empowering Communities
Grassroots movements,
Providing resources, tools, and
advocacy groups, and policy
support to empower local
changes driven by public
communities to monitor, report,
demand can hold governments
and actively participate in air
and industries accountable for
pollution reduction efforts can
addressing air quality issues in a
create lasting, bottom-up
meaningful way.
change.
Thank You
Group 4

"Protecting Health and Environment"

 What is the
Importance?
of monitoring air and water quality.
Monitoring air and water
quality for human health,
the environment, and
sustainable development.
By assessing pollutant levels and key parameters, we can
identify potential health risks, safeguard ecosystems, and
ensure the availability of clean resources for current and
future generations. This monitoring guides rules and
actions to keep pollution in check and encourages
responsible practices for a better future.
Air Quality
Standards!
Definiton:
Air quality standards are rules set by
authorities to limit the amount of harmful
pollutants in the air.

They specify acceptable levels of

pollutants like particulate matter, ozone,
and nitrogen dioxide, aiming to protect
public health and the environment.

These standards help ensure that the air

we breathe is clean and safe for everyone.
Air Quality 01 Particulate Matter (PM)
Parameters:
Air quality standards
regulate various pollutants to
02 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)
safeguard public health and
the environment. Common
pollutants include: 03 Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)

04 Ozone (O3)

05 Carbon Monoxide (CO)

 Pollutants Considered for AQI and
Air Quality Standards

Pollutant SO₂ NO₂ PM2.5 O₃ CO (mg/m³) Pb NH₃

Averaging time (hr) 24 24 24 1 8 1 8 24 24

Indian Standard
80 80 60 180 100 4 2 1 400
(µg/m³)

(µg/m³) *Microgrammes per cubic metre

Pollutants Causes Effects

Respiratory and cardiovascular

Emitted from vehicles,
problems due to inhalation,
PM2.5 industrial processes, and
including asthma attacks and
natural sources.
heart disease.

Produced by burning fossil Irritation of the airways, exacerbation

NO2 fuels, especially from vehicles of respiratory conditions, and
and industrial activities. formation of smog.

Emitted primarily from burning Respiratory issues, aggravation of

SO2 fossil fuels containing sulfur, asthma, and contribution to acid rain
such as coal and oil. and air pollution.
Pollutants Causes Effects

Formed by chemical reactions

Irritation of the respiratory system,
between nitrogen oxides and
O3 volatile organic compounds in
asthma attacks, and damage to
vegetation.
sunlight.

Emitted primarily from burning Respiratory issues, aggravation of

SO2 fossil fuels containing sulfur, asthma, and contribution to acid rain
such as coal and oil. and air pollution.

Can contribute to air and water

Released from agricultural
pollution, leading to respiratory issues
NH3 activities, livestock waste, and
and environmental damage, such as
industrial processes.
eutrophication in water bodies.
 Air Quality
INDEX
The AQI, or Air Quality Index, is a measure used to assess
outdoor air quality and its potential health impacts.

It provides a numerical value and corresponding color codes

to indicate pollution levels, helping people understand the
health risks associated with the air they breathe.
Central Pollution Control Board’s
Air Quality Standards
Water Quality
Standards!
Definiton:
Water quality standards are guidelines
established by regulatory agencies to ensure
the safety and cleanliness of water for
various purposes, including drinking, and
ecosystem protection.

These standards specify acceptable levels of

contaminants such as pathogens, chemicals,
and nutrients in water bodies.

By adhering to water quality standards,

communities can safeguard public health
and protect aquatic ecosystems.
Water
Quality
01 Physical
(e.g., Temperature, etc )
Parameters:
Common contaminants
regulated in water quality 02 Chemicals
standards include:
(e.g., Acidity, etc)

03 Biological
(e.g., bacteria, viruses)
Parameters Indicators

electrical conductivity, salinity, total

Physical dissolved solids, turbidity, temperature,
color, and taste and odor

pH, acidity, alkalinity, hardness, chlorine,

Chemicals and dissolved oxygen

Biological bacteria, algae, nutrients, and viruses.

 Water Quality
INDEX
The Water Quality Index (WQI) is a numerical measure
summarizing overall water quality, derived from multiple
parameters like pH, dissolved oxygen, and pollutant levels.

It simplifies complex water quality data into a single value,

aiding in the assessment of water suitability for various
purposes like drinking and recreation.
WQI Catergory

91- 100 Excellent

71 - 90 Good

51 - 70 Average

26 - 50 Fair

0 - 25 Poor
Role of government agencies &
environmental organizations:
Central & State Centre for Science
Pollution Control and Environment
Board’s (CSE)
They formulate regulations, They raise awareness,
issue permits, and conduct advocate for stronger
inspections to monitor regulations, and hold
compliance with polluters accountable for
environmental laws and violations.
standards
Thank you!
Have a good day!
Nuclear
Hazards !!
Eyes opened, we embark
Uncover dangers within
Critical risks demand
Unders tanding Radioactivity
R adioactivity is a natural process that happens when some atoms have too much energy. They release this
energy in the form of particles or waves. This helps the atoms become more stable and balanced. It's like a
little explosion happening inside the atom.⚛️🔬

Atoms can change over time through a process called radioactive decay. This happens at a predictable
rate, which we measure using something called "half-life". Half-life tells us how long it takes for half of the
radioactive atoms to decay. Understanding half-life is really important when it comes to analyzing and
managing nuclear hazards. ⏳📊
Types of Nuclear
Radiation
1. Alpha Radiation: Consists of alpha particles, which
are helium-4 nuclei (2 protons and 2 neutrons)
emitted from the nucleus of an atom undergoing
radioactive decay. Alpha particles are relatively large
and have low penetration power, easily stopped by a
sheet of paper or even skin. ⏳

2. Beta Radiation: Involves beta particles, which can be

electrons (β-) or positrons (β+), emitted from the
nucleus during radioactive decay. Beta particles have
greater penetration power than alpha particles and
can penetrate materials like wood or aluminum. ⚡⏳

3. Gamma Radiation: Gamma rays are high-energy

electromagnetic radiation emitted from the nucleus
during radioactive decay. They have the highest
penetration power of all types of nuclear radiation
and require dense materials like lead or concrete to
attenuate them.☢️🌐
Biological Effects of
Radiation Expos ure
1 Acute Radiation Syndrome
Being exposed to high levels of radiation for
a short period of time can make you feel
sick, tired, and cause you to lose your hair. It
can also damage your organs and even lead
to death within a few weeks.. ⚠️💀

2 Increas ed Cancer Ris k

Exposure to ionizing radiation can harm the
DNA in our cells. This can lead to
uncontrolled cell growth and increase the
risk of developing different types of cancer
over time. ⏳ 🔬
Nuclear Accidents and
Disasters
The world has experienced major nuclear accidents, like the
Chernobyl disaster in 1986 and the Fukushima Daiichi
disaster in 2011. These accidents caused severe damage to
the environment and people's health, showing how
dangerous nuclear power can be. 💥☢️

After a nuclear accident, things can get really chaotic.

There's a lot of dangerous radiation everywhere, so people
have to evacuate and there's a risk to human life. The effects
can last for a really long time, which makes it really hard to
clean up, fix things, and keep everyone safe.🚨🌍
Radiation Measurement and Protection

Measuring Radiation Levels

Special tools called Geiger counters and
dosimeters are used to measure the amount of
radiation around us. These tools help keep track
of our exposure and make sure we stay safe.
📈👨🔬
Protective Measures
To protect yourself from harmful radiation, you
can wear special suits, gloves, and masks. It's also
important to limit the time you spend in areas
with high radiation and stay as far away from the
source as possible. ⏳👩🔬
Emergency Res pons e
Protocols
Preparednes s
Make sure you have a plan in case there's a
nuclear emergency. This plan should include
how to communicate with others and what
supplies you need to have on hand. That way,
you can respond quickly and stay safe in case
of an emergency. ⚠️📢🚨

Notification
Set up strong warning systems to quickly
detect and inform the authorities and the
public about any radiation leaks or nuclear
accidents. 🚨🔔📞

Evacuation
Environmental Impact of Nuclear
Hazards
Public Health Impacts
Being around nuclear hazards can
make people very sick and increase
the chances of getting cancer. It can
Radioactive Pollution also cause problems for babies
before they are born. This is why it's
When there's a nuclear accident,
important to protect people from
dangerous radioactive particles can
radiation. 🏥👨👩👧👦💊
get into the air, water, and soil. This
can harm the environment and put
people and animals at risk. 🌍🚨💀
Mitigation and Remediation S trategies
Prevention
Putting strong safety measures in place and closely watching for any
1
problems to reduce the chances of nuclear accidents. 🚧🔒📡

Preparednes s
2 Preparing for emergencies by creating plans and training people
to handle crises effectively. 📋🚨👩🚒

Containment
3 Using special tools and methods to stop radioactive
materials from spreading. 🧪 🧪 🚧

Decontamination
4 Using careful cleaning and disinfection methods to
make affected areas safe again. 🧪 🚿🌿
Future Considerations On Nuclear Hazards
Ongoing Monitoring and 1
Preparedness

2 Advancements in Nuclear
Technology

Global Collaboration and 3

Cooperation

4 Public Awareness and

Education Initiatives
S afety
Meas ures
When there are nuclear hazards, we have plans and tools to
keep people safe. We use different strategies to prevent
incidents, be prepared for emergencies, and control the
impact. We also have special equipment and protocols to
clean and restore affected areas, making them safe
again.🚀🔍�🧪
Technological
Advancements
To deal with changing nuclear dangers, we need to keep
studying and improving nuclear technology, warning
systems, and emergency response plans.🔬📡🚑
International
Cooperation
We need countries, organizations, and experts to work
together and share knowledge to better respond to nuclear
emergencies and disasters.🌍🤝🌐
Public
Awareness and
Education
It's important to help people learn about nuclear hazards.
When people understand the risks, they can make smart
choices and be ready to respond if something
happens.📚🌟👥
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, nuclear hazards pose significant risks to both the
environment and human health. The invisible and odorless
contamination from radioactive materials can lead to dire
consequences, including genetic mutations, cancer, and a
shortened lifespan. Therefore, we must implement effective
control measures, maintain strict safety standards, and continue
to educate about the dangers of nuclear pollution to mitigate
these risks. By doing so, we can ensure the well-being of our
planet.

Team members include . . .Aditaya, Lakshay Sakkarwal,

Aaradhya Tyagi, Pardeep, Kunal Diwakar,
HUMAN HEALTH
RISKS
Group Members: Pankaj Kumar
Sujal Kumar
Ashutosh Porwal
Aman Yadav
Aditya choudhary
INTRODUCTION
Pollution is a global crisis that poses serious threats to
the wellbeing of people around the world.

From air pollution in crowded cities to water

contamination in developing regions, the effects of
pollution can be devastating to human health .

In this presentation, we will explore the various ways

that pollution impacts human health, the specific health
conditions it can cause, and strategies for mitigating
these dangers and protecting vulnerable populations
RECAP Pollution is the introduction of harmful substances oR
contaminants into the environment, negatively impacting
human health and the natural ecosystem.

TYPES OF POLLUTION
AIR POLLUTION :

WATER POLLUTION :

SOIL POLLUTION :

NOISE POLLUTION :
 NEUROLOGICAL DISORDER
Neurological disorders have also been linked to air
pollution. Certain pollutants, such as heavy metals and
particulate matter, can cross the blood-brain barrier and
cause inflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal
damage.
 RESPIRATORY DISEASES
Respiratory diseases are one of the most common health
effects of air pollution. The inhalation of pollutants can irritate
and inflame the airways, exacerbating conditions like asthma,
chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. Long-term exposure can
also contribute to the development of lung cancer, as
carcinogenic compounds in the air can damage lung tissue over
time.

CARDIOVACULAR DISEASES
Cardiovascular issues are another major concern. Air
pollutants can contribute to the buildup of plaque in the
arteries, increasing the risk of heart attacks and strokes.
Additionally, the stress placed on the cardiovascular
system by breathing in polluted air can lead to high blood
pressure, arrhythmias, and other heart-related problems.
 WATERBORNE DISEASES

Polluted water can be a breeding ground for

pathogenic microorganisms that cause illnesses such
as cholera, typhoid, hepatitis, and dysentery. These
diseases can lead to severe gastrointestinal problems,
dehydration, and even death if left untreated.
SKIN PROBLEMS
Direct contact with polluted water can cause skin irritation,
rashes, and infections. Certain chemicals and heavy metals
in the water can also be absorbed through the skin, leading
to more serious health issues over time.

LIVER AND KIDNEY PROBLEMS

Many industrial pollutants and heavy metals can
accumulate in the body and cause long-term damage to
vital organs like the liver and kidneys. This can result in
reduced organ function, chronic health problems, and
even organ failure if exposure is severe.
EFFECTS OF SOIL POLLUTION
 PESTICIDES

The overuse of pesticides in agriculture can lead to the

accumulation of harmful chemicals in the soil, which can then be
absorbed by plants and enter the human body through the food
we consume. This exposure to pesticides has been linked to
various health issues, including hormone disruption, neurological
problems, and an increased risk of certain cancers.
 HEAVY METALS
Industrial activities, such as mining and
manufacturing, often result in the release of heavy
metals like lead, cadmium, and mercury into the
soil.These toxic substances can contaminate the food
supply and cause severe health problems, including
brain and kidney damage, as well as reproductive
issues.
INDUSTRIAL WASTE
The improper disposal of industrial waste, such as
chemicals, paints, and solvents, can lead to the
contamination of soil, which can then seep into
groundwater and contaminate the water supply. Exposure
to these industrial pollutants can cause a range of health
problems, including skin irritation, respiratory issues, and
increased cancer risk.
EFFECTS OF
 HEARING IMPAIREMENT
Prolonged exposure to high-decibel sounds can lead to
temporary or permanent hearing damage, making it
increasingly difficult for individuals to hear and
communicate effectively.
STRESS AND ANXIETY

The constant barrage of noise can elevate stress levels,

contributing to a range of physiological and
psychological issues, including elevated blood pressure,
heart rate, and feelings of anxiety and restlessness.

SLEEP DISTURBANCES

Noise pollution can disrupt the body's natural sleep

patterns, leading to insomnia, fatigue, and impaired
cognitive function during waking hours.
 impact
on
mental health
STRESS AND ANXIETY
Exposure to pollution can contribute to elevated levels
of stress and anxiety, as the body and mind struggle to
cope with the toxic burden.

DEPRESSION
Numerous studies have linked air pollution to an
increased risk of depression, as the inflammation and
oxidative stress caused by pollutants can disrupt the
delicate balance of neurotransmitters in the brain.
COGNITIVE DECLINE
Exposure to pollutants, particularly fine particulate
matter and heavy metals, has been associated with
cognitive impairment and an increased risk of dementia
 POLICY INTERVENTIONS & POLLUTION CONTROL METHODS

STRICTER REGULATIONS
Implementing more stringent
regulations on emissions, industrial INVESTING IN INFRASTRUCTURE
waste, and pollutant discharge is a Investing in modern, eco-friendly
crucial step in mitigating the harmful infrastructure, such as public
effects of pollution. transportation systems, waste
management facilities, and renewable
SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES energy grids, can significantly reduce the
environmental footprint of communities
Governments and policymakers should
and promote sustainable development.
develop incentive schemes that
encourage businesses and industries to
adopt cleaner technologies, renewable
energy sources, and sustainable
practices.
 INDIVIDUAL ACTIONS
Reduce, Reuse, Recycle: By reducing consumption, reusing items, and
recycling materials, individuals can minimize the amount of waste sent to
landfills, reducing pollution.

Conserve Energy: Turn off lights and appliances when not in use, use
energy-efficient appliances, and consider alternative energy sources like
solar or wind power.

Use Public Transportation: Opting for public transportation, carpooling,

biking, or walking whenever possible can significantly cut down on pollution
from vehicles.

Properly Maintain Vehicles: Regular maintenance of vehicles ensures they

operate efficiently, reducing emissions and pollution.
Thank you for
your attention
 Solid waste is the unwanted or useless solid
materials generated from human activities in
residential, industrial or commercial areas.
Solid waste management is a pressing global issue
with far-reaching implications. It can be desribe as
the collection ,treatment and disposal of the solid
waste in a proper manner is called solid waste
management
 Waste generated in industries and hospital are
generally harardous in nature as they contain toxic
substances.
According to Resources Conservation and Recovery
act there are four important characteristics that
defined waste as hazardous.
 CHARACTERISTICS THAT DEFINED WASTE AS
HAZARDOUS:-

Solid Waste burns vigorously

IGNITABILITY

Solid waste comes in contact with water

cause explosion and produce Toxic fums and
gases
REACTIVITY
 Substances that have ph level lower than 2 or
greater than 12.5 with capability of corroding
metal surface
CORROSIVITY

Substances that are harmful or fatal for human

consumption are toxic in nature
ex-Pesticides,medical waste ,Insectidies
TOXICITY
Waste that does not harm people’s health or the
environment directly and whose disposal is less
stringent is called
NON-HAZARDOUS WASTE
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE

NON-MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE

This is commonly known as garbage or trash that we
collect at a domestic level from houses,schools,clinics
ex-Paper,Clothing,Plastic,Glass.
 Construction waste,automobile bodies, mining waste
,agricultural waste are some examples of non muncipal
solid waste include mining waste, agricultural waste, and
industrial waste.
 - SOIL CONTAMINATION
Contamination occurs when hazardous substances are spilled or buried in the
soil.
- WATER CONTAMINATION
Water is one of the majorly consumed substance. The contaminants get dissolved
in this excellent solvent.
- EMISSION OF GREEN HOUSE GASES
Due to poor waste management extreme climate change is observed these days.
- AIR CONTAMINATION
When paper and plastic are burned at the landfill, the chemicals along with
methane gas are released which accumulate and deplete the ozone layer.
LANDFILLS

INCINERATION

COMPOSTING

RECYCLING

PYROLISIS
 LANDFILLS
Landfills are the most common method
of waste disposal worldwide. Waste is
compacted and buried in designated
areas of land, which are then covered
with soil. While cost-effective, landfills
can pose environmental risks such as
groundwater contamination and
methane gas emissions.
 INCINERATION
Incineration involves burning solid waste
at high temperatures, reducing its volume
and converting it into ash, gas, and heat.
Energy can be recovered through this
process, but concerns over air pollution
and the release of toxic substances
remain.
 RECYCLING
Recycling is the process of converting
waste materials into reusable products. It
helps conserve resources, reduce energy
consumption, and minimize landfill
usage. Common recyclable materials
include paper, plastic, glass, and metal.
 COMPOSTING
Composting is the natural
decomposition of organic waste, such as
food scraps and yard trimmings, into
nutrient-rich soil. It is an eco-friendly
method that reduces methane
emissions from landfills and produces a
valuable soil amendment for gardening
and agriculture.
 PYROLISIS
Pyrolysis is a thermal decomposition
process that breaks down organic
materials in the absence of oxygen,
producing biochar, oil, and gas. It offers a
sustainable way to convert waste into
valuable products while minimizing
environmental impact.
WASTE COLLECTION
Efficient collection and transportation
are essential components of a well-
functioning solid waste management
system. Let's explore the various
methods and systems employed for
waste collection and transportation,
along with the challenges they present
and potential solutions.
 DELIVERING TO THE PLANT

Delivering waste to processing or

treatment plants is a critical step in the
solid waste management process. This
section explores the various aspects of
transporting waste to these facilities,
including methods, considerations,
and optimization strategies.
PROCESSING OF WASTE MATERIAL

Effective processing of waste materials

is essential for achieving sustainable
waste management goals. By
employing diverse processing
methods, promoting recycling and
resource recovery, and addressing
challenges through innovation and
collaboration, we can maximize the
value of waste as a resource and
minimize its environmental impact.
 FUEL AND ENERGY FROM WASTE

Fuel and energy generation from

waste offer significant environmental
and economic benefits, providing
renewable energy sources while
effectively managing waste streams.
By leveraging innovative technologies
and sustainable practices, we can
harness the potential of waste as a
valuable resource for energy
production and contribute to a more
sustainable future.
Source Reduction: Preventing waste at its source by minimizing packaging,
optimizing inventory, and promoting efficient resource use.

Product Redesign: Rethinking product design to reduce material usage,

facilitate recycling, and promote durability for extended lifespan.
Reuse Programs: Encouraging the reuse of products through exchange
platforms, rental models, and refillable packaging to divert items from
landfills.
Composting: Naturally converting organic waste into nutrient-rich compost
for soil enrichment, reducing landfill waste and closing the nutrient loop.
 _"

TEAM MEMBERS:
ADITI JHA
DEEPANSHU DAGAR
HEMANGI KHURANA
HARSHITA GULATI
DHRUV RAJAIN
ROHAN DUA
 What is Waste Segregation and Waste
Disposal ?
Waste Segregation : Waste segregation is the
sorting and separate waste types to facilitate
recycling and correct onwards disposal Its
basically the Segregation of waste means
dividing waste into dry and wet categories.

Waste Disposal :Waste disposal refers

to the removal, recycling, or destruction of
unwanted materials such as waste
generated by agriculture, domestic use,
or industrial products.
 TYPES OF WASTE
Depending on their biological, physical and chemical properties. They are classified into following categories:

● Dry Waste – Refers to all items that are not considered wet/soiled items. This includes both recyclable
and non-recyclable materials. Dry waste includes items such as bottles, cans, clothing, plastic, wood,
glass, metals and paper.

● Wet Waste – Refers to all items that are organic like food items, soiled food wrappers, hygiene
products, yard waste, tissues and paper towels, as well as any other soiled item that would
contaminate the recyclables.
● Hazardous Household Waste – Refers to all household products that
contain corrosive, toxic, ignitable, or reactive ingredients, other than used oil.

● E-Waste – Refers to all kinds of electronic waste.

● Hazardous Waste – Refers to all items, products and by-products that

contain corrosive, toxic, ignitable or reactive ingredients.

● Inert Waste – Refers to waste items that are neither chemically or biologically
reactive nor decompose easily.
 Why Waste Segregation ??
Waste segregation is critical because of the fact that certain types of wastes can be
hazardous and can contaminate the environment if not managed correctly. (Some of
these types of waste may also have the potential to cause disease or get into water
supplieas or contaminate the land with different types of leachates.)

When waste is unsegregated, it may get contaminated with different types of waste
being stored together. Such waste cannot be treated or managed and most of the
time end up being dumped into local dump yards or landfills. With waste
segregation, management of different types of wastes becomes possible. This
directly results in reduced amounts of waste being dumped at dump yards or
landfills.

Waste Segregation is always step one for all types of waste management solutions
that may be implemented either on individual level or community level.
 Why is segregation of waste important before
disposal?

Lower Waste Costs:

1.The cost of disposing of hazardous
waste and general waste is much
higher than dry mixed recycling
because of chemicals and biological
contaminants.
2.Consequently, it is more expensive to
dispose of trash that contains both
recyclable items and hazardous waste.
Increased Recycling Rate:
1.Sorting waste is necessary in order
to avoid disposing of recyclable items
with general waste.
Potential Revenue Streams:

1. By segregating waste, you can identify valuable

materials such as metals, cardboard, and
plastics.

Reduced Landfill Impact:

1. Separating waste allows us to recycle more items,

preventing their disposal in landfills.

2. By reducing landfill disposal, we reduce our

environmental impact.
 Waste Segregation Methods
 Keep separate containers for dry and wet waste in the kitchen.
 Keep two bags for dry waste collection- paper and plastic, for
the rest of the household waste
 Keep plastic from the kitchen clean and dry and drop into the
dry waste bin. Keep glass/plastic containers rinsed of food
matter.
 Send wet waste out of your home daily. Store and send dry
waste out of the home, once a week.
 Keep a paper bag for throwing the sanitary waste.
 Color Codes for Bins
For ease of waste segregation, the disposal bins are
color coded.

Type of Waste Color of Bin

Wet Waste Green

Dry Waste Blue
Sanitary Waste Red
E-Waste Black or Grey
Hazardous Waste Black
 Methods Of Waste Disposal
You produce plenty of waste each week, but have you thought
about where it goes? Modern waste disposal methods give you
several different options for getting rid of your waste. Taking a
look at the different options helps you find a solution that's not
only good for you but also for the environment.

Incineration: Incineration is a fancy way to describe burning

waste as a disposal method. This process generates heat,
which is then used for energy. Incineration also creates by-
products, including various gases and inert ash. The incinerator
design and the waste material being burned dictates how much
pollution this method creates. Filters can minimize the pollution.
Incineration is financially better than recycling because it's
cheaper to burn waste for energy than the expenses involved in
recycling. But it's more expensive than disposing of trash in a
landfill. Incineration reduces waste volume by up to 90 percent
of the original amount.
Recycling : Materials you put into your recycling bin get a new purpose after
being processed and turned into new or similar products. The most common
recyclable items are plastic, paper, glass and aluminum. Many communities
also offer curbside pickup of recyclables to make this option easier.
Recycling is the most environmentally friendly method because it doesn't add
any waste material. The downside of recycling is that only certain items can be
recycled, and processing plants are expensive to operate and maintain.

Composting : Composting is a natural process where organic wastes break

down into nutrient-rich compost perfect for your garden plants. Microbes
decompose the organic materials as they sit in a compost pile or bin for
months. Composting preserves more nutrients than incineration and is the
preferred method for organic waste disposal. The main drawback is the
amount of time it takes for the organic materials to break down into compost.
This method also requires you to have enough space to make a large compost
pile, which is challenging if you live in a multi-family dwelling or have a small
yard.
Sanitary Landfill : A landfill is an option for
items that you can't get rid of through
other methods. A protective lining beneath the
waste helps to prevent
harmful chemicals from leaking into the
groundwater and polluting drinking water
. A layer of earth goes over the compacted
waste. Soil with low permeability
is preferred for landfills to cut down on the
potential for leakage. Some landfills use
hardening materials such as cement or asphalt
to seal each layer of waste.
 Government Policies And Regulations
Waste segregation is an important part of sustainable waste management practices,
as it helps reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills, conserves natural resources,
and minimizes environmental pollution.

• Waste Segregation Requirements: Governments

often
mandate the segregation of waste at its source into
different categories such as organic, recyclable, and
non-recyclable waste. This can be enforced through
local
ordinances or national regulations.

• Landfill Bans: In an effort to reduce the amount of

waste sent to landfills, some governments have
implemented bans on certain types of waste from
being disposed of in landfills. These bans often
_”Segregate today for a cleaner tomorrow.
Every piece sorted is a step towards a
sustainable future….”

_THANK YOU_
EVS PRESENTATION
BY GROUP NUMBER :- 10
 &
E-WASTE
MANAGEMENT
DEFINE HAZARDOUS WASTE
•Hazardous waste is a waste with properties
that make it potentially dangerous or
harmful to human health or the
environment.
Example :
Hospital waste , burning plastics
Topics to cover:
1. Classification
2. Sources
3. Storage
4. Transportation
5. Treatment
6. Disposal
Classification
They are broadly classified under 6 categories:
1) Radioactive waste: 2) Biomedical wastes:
Substances that emit ionizing The toxic nature of biomedical
radiation is called as radioactive waste place them under
substances and the waste hazardous waste category.
generated from these substances Biomedical waste is generated
are termed as radioactive wastes. from hospitals, health centres and
research facilities
3) Chemicals: 4) Flammable wastes:
Chemicals can be organic, They are of three types solid ,
synthetic, metals, acidic liquid and gas they are
or basic or salts. They are dangerous
hazardous when they Example: mosquito spary,
cause toxicity. alcohol.
5) Explosives: they produce 6) Household hazardous wastes:
energy in the form of heat This refers to the waste which is
light sound and pressure that produced in daily life and harmful
are generated by gases this for
energy can be violent and human health and the environment
cause destruction. if
Example dynamite , chemical not disposed of properly . Proper
compound use in fireworks disposal of household waste in
potassium nitrate. Important.
Eg : inverter batteries , nail polish
Sources:
Va r i o u s s o u r c e s o f h a z a r d o u s wa s t e a r e :

1. Industrial Processes: 2. Agriculture:

Industries such as chemical Agriculture is another significant
manufacturing, petroleum source of hazardous waste .
produce hazardous waste . This Pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers,
waste often includes chemicals, and other chemicals used in
heavy metals, and other toxic farming can contaminate soil and
substances. water, posing risks to human
health and the environment.
3. Healthcare facilities: 4. Toxic Materials:
Healthcare Many electronic
facilities generate devices contain hazardous
hazardous waste from
various sources such as
materials
hospitals, clinics, like lead, mercury,
laboratories, and cadmium, and brominated
research institutions. flame retardants. These
Examples of hazardous substances can be harmful
waste from healthcare to human health and the
facilities include expired environment if not
medications, infectious
materials such as blood.
handled properly.
Storage:
Some key considerations include:
1. Secure landfills: Hazardous 2. Storage tanks: Double-walled
waste landfills have impermeable tanks with leak detection and
liners(do not allow any water to secondary containment systems
pass through them) and leachate prevent spills and leaks.
collection systems to prevent
groundwater contamination.
4.Spill response: Have a spill
response plan and equipment in
3. Container management: Use place to contain and clean up
compatible containers, ensure tight- spills quickly.
fitting lids, and label containers
clearly.
5.Fire protection: Install fire
suppression systems
and have fire extinguishers
nearby.

6.Monitoring and testing:

Regularly monitor and test stored
waste to ensure it remains stable
and Doesn’t pose a risk to the
environment or human
health.
• Hazardous waste transportation • Specialized vehicles and containers
are used to securely transport
involves moving materials that hazardous waste, minimizing the
pose risks to health and the risk of leaks or spills.
environment.
• Their expertise helps mitigate the
• Strict regulations require proper
labeling and documentation of
risk associated with transporting
hazardous waste shipments to hazardous waste, safeguarding
accurately identify the materials public health and the environment.
and their potential hazards.
• Trained personnel oversee the
transportation process to ensure all
safety protocols are followed.
Treatment
Following are the steps of treatment of this waste
Physical separation: Sorting
waste components physically.
Chemical treatment: Altering
waste's chemical properties.
Biological treatment: Using
microorganisms to break
down waste.
Thermal treatment: Applying
heat to decompose waste.
Disposal
1. Landfill Disposal: Hazardous 2. Biological Treatment:
waste is buried in specially Microorganisms are utilized to
engineered landfills with liners degrade organic pollutants in
to prevent contamination of hazardous waste.
soil and groundwater.

3. Deep Well Injection: Liquid hazardous waste is injected deep

underground into isolated geological formations, keeping it away from
surface water and groundwater sources. This method is suitable for
waste that cannot be treated or recycled effectively.
E-waste :
E- waste is discarded electronic devices, like old
computers or phones, that need to be recycled
responsibly.
 Composition:
• Electronic devices such as • Office equipment such as
computers, laptops,
smartphones, tablets, and TVs. printers, copiers , and fax
machines.
• Household appliances like
refrigerators, washing
• Consumer electronics like cameras,
machines, and
gaming consoles, and audio players.
microwaves.

• Accessories including
batteries, chargers, and cables.
Generation :
Rapid technological advancements drive frequent upgrades and disposal of
electronic devices through a few key mechanisms:
1. Obsolete Devices: As technology evolves rapidly, older electronic devices
become outdated and are replaced by newer models, leading to the disposal of
still-functional but obsolete devices.
2. Short Lifespan: Many electronic products have a relatively short lifespan due
to rapid advancements in technology and consumer preferences for newer
features, leading to frequent upgrades and disposal of older devices.
3. Consumer Behavior: Consumer culture encourages frequent upgrades and
replacements of electronic devices, contributing to the generation of e-waste.
4. Global Consumption: The increasing global demand for electronic devices
results in higher production rates and, consequently, higher rates of e-waste
generation.
5. Improper Disposal: Improper disposal methods, such as dumping e-waste in
landfills, incinerating it, or exporting it to developing countries with lax
environmental regulations, contribute to environmental pollution and health
hazards.
6. Hazardous Materials: Electronic devices contain hazardous materials such as
lead, mercury, cadmium, and brominated flame retardants, which can leach
into the environment if not properly managed, posing risks to human health
and ecosystems.
7. Lack of Recycling: Despite efforts to promote recycling programs, a
significant portion of e-waste is not recycled due to inadequate infrastructure,
lack of awareness, and the complex nature of electronic devices.
Environmental and Health Impacts:

- Soil contamination: E-waste - Air pollution: The burning of e-

contains hazardous materials like waste releases toxic fumes and
lead and mercury that can seep heavy metals into the air,
into the soil and contaminate contributing to air pollution.
groundwater.
HEALTH IMPACTS
- Children and pregnant women -Reduced lung and respiratory
are at higher risk than adults to function and increased asthma
contaminants released through incidence, which may be linked
informal e-waste recycling
activities due to their unique to high levels of contaminated
Vulnerabilities. air pollution that characterize
many e-waste recycling sites.
Recycling and Reuse:
• Community drop-off and collection points offer easy e-waste recycling for
residents.
E-waste regulations
 Producer Responsibility: Manufacturers
must manage product disposal.
 Collection and Recycling: Governments
set up collection systems.
 Treatment Facilities: Facilities handle e-
waste components safely.
 Export Controls: Regulations prevent
hazardous waste dumping.
 Data Security: Measures ensure data is
erased securely.
 Public Awareness: Programs educate
about proper disposal.
 Enforcement: Rules are enforced through
inspections and penalties.
Regulation:
Emerging technology of e-waste :
1. Advanced Recycling 2.Circuit Board Recycling:
Technologies : New ways of recycling PCBs are
New recycling methods, like finding eco-friendly methods to
robots taking things apart and take out and reuse valuable
machines sorting them out , help metals like gold, silver, and copper.
get valuable stuff from old
gadgets.
3 Biodegradable Electronics: 4. Sustainable Packaging Solutions :
Creating electronic parts from Innovations in eco-friendly
biodegradable materials like eco- packaging for electronics focus on
friendly plastics helps them break using recyclable or biodegradable
down naturally, lowering the materials to reduce waste.
environmental impact of e-waste.
PRESENTATION BY:
Sanya Sachdeva 35514902023
Rajneet Kaur 36114902023
Tripti Malwa 35714902023
Manika Bhandari 35314902023
Drishti Kamra 35914902023
Harshita Shrivastava 70114902023