GENDER EQUALITY
GAD101: Gender and Development - Week 13
Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):
At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:
• Distinguish between the concepts of equality and
equity; and,
• Understanding the differences in their definitions and
implications for addressing gender disparities.
SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
GOALS
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SGD)
SDG stands for Sustainable Development
Goals. The SDGs are a set of 17 goals
adopted by the United Nations General
Assembly in 2015 as part of the 2030
Agenda for Sustainable Development. The
SDGs are a global call to action to end
poverty, protect the planet, and ensure
that all people enjoy peace and prosperity
by 2030.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SGD)
The 17 SDGs cover a range of issues related to social, economic,
and environmental sustainability, including poverty, hunger,
health, education, gender equality, clean water and sanitation,
affordable and clean energy, decent work and economic
growth, industry, innovation and infrastructure, reduced
inequalities, sustainable cities and communities, responsible
consumption and production, climate action, life below water,
life on land, peace, justice, and strong institutions, and
partnerships for the goals.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SGD)
Each goal includes a set of specific targets and indicators
to be achieved by 2030. The SDGs are intended to guide
national and international development policies and
programs and promote cooperation and partnerships
among countries, civil society organizations, and other
stakeholders to achieve sustainable development for all.
SDG FOR GENDER EQUALITY
SDG 5 aims to “achieve gender equality
and empower all women and girls” and
includes a set of targets to be achieved by
2030, including:
• End all forms of discrimination against
all women and girls everywhere.
• Eliminate all forms of violence against
all women and girls in the public and
private spheres.
SDG FOR GENDER EQUALITY
• Ensure women's full and effective
participation and equal opportunities for
leadership at all levels of decision-making
in political, economic, and public life.
• Ensure universal access to sexual and
reproductive health and reproductive rights.
• Undertake reforms to give women equal
rights to economic resources, as well as
access to ownership and control over land
and other forms of property, financial
services, inheritance, and natural resources.
SDG FOR GENDER EQUALITY
• Enhance the use of enabling
technology to promote the
empowerment of women.
• Adopt and strengthen sound policies
and enforceable legislation for the
promotion of gender equality and the
empowerment of all women and girls
at all levels
SDG FOR GENDER EQUALITY
SDG 5 recognizes the importance
of achieving gender equality not
only as a matter of human rights
but also as a key driver of
sustainable development.
GENDER EQUALITY
AND GENDER
EQUITY
GENDER EQUALITY GENDER EQUITY
Gender equality refers to the idea Gender equity refers to the idea that
that all individuals, regardless of their individuals should be treated fairly
gender, should have the same rights, and justly, taking into account their
opportunities, and treatment. It unique needs and circumstances. It
focuses on ensuring that women and recognizes that men and women may
men have equal access to education, have different needs and experiences
healthcare, employment, and political based on their gender, and seeks to
participation, among other areas. address these differences by
providing resources and support that
are tailored to each individual's
situation.
EQUALITY VS. EQUITY
Gender equality aims to eliminate discrimination and
create a level playing field, while gender equity seeks to
promote fairness and justice by addressing systemic
barriers and providing targeted support to those who
need it most. Both concepts are important for achieving
gender justice and promoting social and economic
development.
EXAMPLES OF GENDER EQUALITY
• Equal pay: Men and women should be paid the same amount
of money for doing the same job.
• Access to education: Boys and girls should have the same
opportunities to access and complete their education,
without discrimination.
• Employment opportunities: Women and men should have
equal access to job opportunities, and employers should not
discriminate based on gender.
• Political participation: Women should have the same
opportunities as men to participate in politics, including
running for office and voting.
EXAMPLES OF GENDER EQUALITY
• Access to healthcare: Women and men should have equal
access to healthcare services, including reproductive and
maternal health services.
• Family responsibilities: Men and women should share family
responsibilities, including childcare and household chores.
• Representation in media and advertising: Women and men
should be portrayed fairly and equally in media and
advertising, without gender stereotypes or bias.
EXAMPLES OF GENDER EQUITY
• Maternity and paternity leave: Providing paid time off for new
parents, regardless of gender, can help to balance work and
family responsibilities and support equal opportunities in
the workplace.
• Flexible work arrangements: Offering flexible work
arrangements, such as remote work, job sharing, or flexible
hours, can help to address the unique needs and
circumstances of employees, particularly those with
caregiving responsibilities.
EXAMPLES OF GENDER EQUITY
• Access to childcare: Providing affordable, high-quality
childcare can help to support working parents, particularly
women, and reduce the gender gap in employment and
wages.
• Training and mentoring: Providing training and mentoring
programs for women and other underrepresented groups
can help to address gender bias and support career
advancement.
EXAMPLES OF GENDER EQUITY
• Access to finance and credit: Women often face barriers to
accessing finance and credit, particularly in developing
countries. Providing access to financial resources can
support entrepreneurship and economic empowerment for
women.
• Access to healthcare: Providing targeted healthcare services
and support for women, particularly those from marginalized
communities, can help to address health inequalities and
promote gender equity.
EXAMPLES OF GENDER EQUITY
• Addressing gender-based violence: Addressing gender-based
violence and providing support for survivors can help to
reduce the impact of gender-based violence on women's
health and wellbeing.
GENDER
INEQUALITY
GENDER INEQUALITY
Gender inequality refers to the unequal
treatment and opportunities that
individuals face because of their
gender. It is a systemic problem that
affects individuals, communities, and
societies
FORMS OF GENDER INEQUALITY
• Economic inequality: Women are more likely to experience
poverty and have lower wages than men, even when they
have the same level of education and experience.
• Political inequality: Women are underrepresented in
politics and leadership positions, both locally and
globally.
• Social inequality: Women are often subject to gender-
based discrimination, stereotypes, and biases, which can
impact their opportunities, safety, and well-being.
FORMS OF GENDER INEQUALITY
• Cultural inequality: Many cultural practices and beliefs
reinforce gender inequality and discrimination, such as
female genital mutilation or child marriage.
• Legal inequality: Women often face legal barriers to
accessing their rights and opportunities, such as
inheritance, property ownership, or divorce.
GENDER INEQUALITY
Gender inequality has serious consequences for
individuals, families, and societies, including limiting
opportunities for women and girls, perpetuating poverty
and underdevelopment, and exacerbating health
disparities. Achieving gender equality requires addressing
the root causes of gender inequality and creating a society
where all individuals have the same opportunities and
rights, regardless of their gender.
GENDER INEQUALITY IN THE PHILIPPINES
• Economic inequality: Women in the Philippines earn, on
average, only 83% of what men earn for doing the same job.
Women are also more likely to work in informal and low-
paying jobs, and less likely to have access to social
protection benefits, such as health insurance and pensions.
• Political inequality: Although women make up almost half of
the Philippine population, they are significantly
underrepresented in politics, holding only 29% of
congressional seats and 18% of mayoral positions in 2019.
GENDER INEQUALITY IN THE PHILIPPINES
• Gender-based violence: Gender-based violence remains a
significant problem in the Philippines, with high rates of sexual
harassment, domestic violence, and rape. In 2020, the
Philippine National Police reported 23,137 cases of violence
against women and children.
• Reproductive health: Access to reproductive health services,
including family planning and maternal healthcare, remains a
challenge for many women in the Philippines, particularly those
in rural and remote areas. According to the United Nations
Population Fund, the maternal mortality rate in the Philippines
was 121 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2017.
GENDER INEQUALITY IN THE PHILIPPINES
• Education: While girls' enrollment rates in primary and
secondary education are high in the Philippines, girls
are still more likely to drop out of school than boys,
and their transition to higher education is hindered by
economic and cultural barriers.
