10 marks 15 marks

4 7.5
4.5 7
3.5 7.5
3.5 7
4.5 6.5 Total marks
4.5 5.5 109
4.5 7
4 7
3.5 6.5
3.5 7.5

Overall
You are in the right direction, your answers show you are prepared enough. No significant changes needed. Overall if you have
to improve it will be your conclusion competence and presentation you have rich content which makes your answer look so
dense, try to decongest it by giving some space below heading and between lines. In addition, Follow the question-specific
changes to score more. All the best. Keep it up.

Strengths
Your rich use of keywords and language competence is your core strength keep it up.
Question demand understanding is good but can be improved better by addressing the sub parts of question separately
instead of clubbing them
Content relevance and quality is too good.
Intro competence is good
Concise writing of points gives the ability to write more dimensions
Effective examples- mention of Schemes
Balanced weightage to sub parts by writing similar number of points is a good practice

To improve
Focus on adding more diagrams especially in GS 1 paper, improve conclusion competence as suggested. Work on your
presentation leave some space between lines. Try to decongest the answer.
Do not deviate from Question demand - Q3
Make note of the urban heat island diagram from Google - whenever UPSC question asks you to elaborate on a concept - try to
show it in a diagram and write the causes of it
Try to take the conclusion always futuristic - if question is on IR - today it is IR 4.0 and 5.0 also came - so try to mention it in
conclusion
Box the headings and diagrams to improve presentation
Q12 - is not just history question - first part is Geography (why IR in Britain) so try to draw the geography of it.
GIve attention to Directives - Q16 Analyse the spatial distribution write atleast two points - do not stop with map alone-
drawing a map is just showing you have not analysed - which means you will not be given marks for the first part
Do not hesitate to write WAY FORWARD or Measures needed if you point out challenges
When writing society perspective - never miss LGBTQ in marginalised - Q17 - but rightly addressed them, in Q20

By heart the SDGs - and use them generously in answers - especially GS 1 conclusion
 Good that you started with time period

very good phrase

Valid intro

Box the headings

it will help to distinguish the
heading
currently it is not so much
visible
Valid points Good that you write examples for each
with good examples point
valid points

Good number of points also written - 6 points on both sides

Do not stop with Independence

write that it had its influence in post independence movements as well
and continues even today to be voice of voiceless and advocate pro people policies
Try to extend History conclusions to present day
 Crisply shown
today's IR
Good intro Written where it
started
written Why IR
came to shift
Feudal system

Mention of thinkers is a good practice

Try to draw the map of Britain

it has good amount of rivers

One more major reason is the AVALABILITY OF RICH CAPITAL to sustain industrialisation
because it is capital intensive
All valid points
shows good understanding
Right keywords used

box the diagrams

rich content
good keywords used
shows deep understanding
covered political social economic cultural conditions

But try to write one separate point on IR 3.0

and give special focus on IR 4.0

Also write the positive and negative impacts separately

You have not shown the dual edge nature

- should write positive and negative
separately

In all the spheres

not just these two

Write the need for HUMAN FACE in inclusive and sustainable IR 5.0
 contextual intro
Good

Nation building
Try to write one point on Governance - many
countries had weak institutions and corruption

Very good prioritization of point

 Similar to 2nd point
Well written though 2nd point is on food and
Covered important aspects this one is on politics
common point used - Dependency
on west - instead you can write 5th
point as Forcing new independent
nations to join any of the military
blocs

Try to give special focus on

Agriculture backwardness and
outdated land settlement practices
do not go for 4 lines
either rephrase to 2 lines
or write it as 2 points

well written
covered all dimensions

Instead of this write how India navigated all

challenges successfully and lives as a model worth
emulating in all aspects
Also write the role of NAM in helping the countries
Then write how today India acts as voice of Global
south and champion of a third world countries during
crisis as first responder
Conclude with India- Africa and Global development
are intertwined.
Linking to CA
very good

valid points
Very good aspects covered
One more aspect is
PARTITION - Write how he tried his best to avoid partition in initial days
but later supported the partition

"If I had not partitioned India, there would have been no India left to save."

Earned the title of IRON

MAN OF INDIA

Unique thought - good

2nd and 1st point are on same dimension - integration of princely states
merge them
Good content
Written major aspects

missed
RETAINING CIVIL SERVICE Post Independence
How he joined hands with Nehru in navigating the challenges of Nation building
Staunchly curbed communal riots
Intro can be more relevant
by linking the aspects mentioned in question
Ocean currents
plate tectonics
mountain ranges

You can write Industries location depend upon complex and dynamic factors out of which these three
also plays a vital role

try to draw ,map

within two horizontal lines
it will improve presentation

Well drawn
rich in presentation of content

Very good legend

Rightly said the role of them
but without examples - evaluator
cannot understand how much you
have understood the concept

Examples are must

which industries operate from
Mountains must be written

Good
 Plate tectonics - Geothermal energy industries

written good content

well explained

For this question you should split the subheadings to

Mountain ranges
Plate tectonics
Ocean currents
so that you can write one or two examples for each sub heading
else you will have to repeat same industries as examples in all three
paras if you write in the manner which you have written
Well explained
Also each region also has must write more examples
Positive and negative influence on factory
Write that as well

Please remember in Moutnain ranges - TOurism is also given industry status

Trekking activities -skydiving- paragliding
Mountains can also support HYDROPOWER Industries

Ocean currents - Fish processing and aquaculture can be done

Renewable energy using ocean energy
This also suitable for Tourism industry

Write how policy makers should create conducive conditions to use these
regions for balanced and sustainable development in conclusion
instead of summarising - go for suggestion
Good intro
written why there
is a need for these
energy

Would have been better if you can mention Paris

agreement

Very good presentation

Question demand is ANALYSE

It means you have to explain
the distribution
Wind and solar energy - where
it is found - why is it skewed
Analyse directive is not to be satisfied only with a map
 Energy self sufficiency
Energy supply directly related to economic
growth

Energy security -democracy - removes energy

poverty

Written what energies can benefit - must write how it will shape economy as well
 Very good knowledge
rightly mentioned BRAZIL
model - mention Brazil for
Ethanol blending as well
good that you tried to diversify answer
from various energy

But question demand is HOW IT CAN SHAPE ECONOMY

Clean energy
Green jobs
Green finance - bonds
Energy trade - Carbon market mechanism
Green manufacturing - solar panels- wind mills components

These are the aspects which must be written using the renewable energy

valid conclusion

try to give some impact in conclusion - mention SDG goal 13

or Limiting to 1.5 degree as per IPCC
Rightly hitting the demand
Mention of AMbedkar
written why of affirmative action

Before this write the usefulness of reservation - why is there a need to go beyond
reservation

very good that you written

women as marginalised
shows good understanding
Diversely and comprehensively covered the
affirmative action and marginalised section
Do not miss
Intersectionality - Dalit women - Tribal women
LGBTQ
shows deep understanding
Good that you highlighted the limitations

If you write challenges - must write solutions

Relevant concept linked

Scholarship and mentorship are good supplement but can never replace reservations to address
the systemic inequalities
Try to write from question demand
 not true - this is a wrong perception
which was highlighted by Task force
of Min of home affairs
shyness
is a prejudiced attribute

do not give this description for tribals Mentioning their lifestyle as Primitive is also
not accepted - write they live unique rich
heritage and eco-friendly lifestyle

written only the positive

aspects
also write the negative
aspects
rich content causing displacement of
tribals for conservation

HC ordered relocation of
tribals for Animals safe
passage - Wildlife corridors
cleared of human
settlements
valid points
Mention of committee name is good

Try to write the case study

of how Maldhari tribal
settlement coexist with
Lion

Bishnoi - blackbucks
 also write on
CBD - Equitable benefit sharing
Green accounting - Ecosystem
services cost accounting
No one size fits all approach for
environment conservation - more
powers to Local Governments -
SAMANTA judgement
Explore TRIBAL ECONOMY

Good measures suggested

shows deep understanding of the issue

write that Tribal Panchsheel should be followed in the environment policies of Government
for comprehensive inclusive growth or culture-sensitive development
 Contextual intro
good

Diversify rural economy - based on urban workers' skills and experience

-eg. Rural entrepreneurship
Penetration of Gig economy and e-commerce
diversified content Try to write these as well
shows good understanding

Try to write
employment
skill utilisation
rural development separately
 very good choice of heading

Good that you written

from both social and econmic angle

seasonal employment - not stable income -

chances of transient poverty
good measures suggested
shows good understanding

But to make it more structured

write what measures are needed in source region(Urban_) and destination(rural)

Valid conclusion
but you can write about the need for Urban-Rural linkage and the need to stop distress migration -
need to create resilient cities and vibrant villages
 Rich knowledge

good choice of
word

VERY RICH CONTENT

 too good

You have rich content

but try to address the
social norm and cultural attitudes separately

Good aspect

very good point

 Try to write AMbubachi
mela

Multidimensionally covered
write the role of media
as well

You can mention the

Recent SC Handbook
to avoid stereotype

Impactful
You can also write how we need to - since question asked role of social normsconclusion
and
Cultural attitudes in fostering gender-based violence - solution also lies in the same
emphasise NARI SHAKTI

Can mention President Draupadi Murmu advocacy that Gender equality must begin with
Dinner tables of home
Vice President Venkiah Naidu - mention of PERSONAL SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
shows that you have
understood the IDEA OF
INDIA

Do not miss
OLD PARLIAMENT
mention

British also famous for

BUNGALOW
ARCHITECTURE
eg Viceroy residence
now Rashtrapati
bhavan
 use of WOOD

They used locally

available materials
like terracotta

Well addressed the demand

with examples

write how all the three

incorporated Indian designs and
motifs good that you
written from
today's
importance
 Rightly mentioned
the thinker who
showed this
But for this question RC DUTT is more
suitable as he was the one who
mentioned the systematic loot of India

Try to put a tabular column and write

18th century - Wars, Ad hoc - DIRECT PLUNDER
19th century - Diplomacy, administration and systematic measures

This is the core difference - which will be expected in the answer

 Unfair trade policies - Deindustrialisation
- Ruralisation
COmmercialisation of Agriculture
Try to mention these words
These were subtle forms of loot

Net exporter to Net importer

valid - write that colonial loot impact can be

witnessed even today as India still remains Net
importer - Atmanirbhar bharat is a step to
remove any traces of colonial mindset in
economy (Panch pran)
write who founded it as well crisp intro

write that INC formation is seen as a conspiracy by some thinkers in intro itself
then only your intro will be relevant to the question

do not mention other theory

write why this theory is not right - and counter it wil
lightning conductor theory
Counter the theory as well
Formation of INC was the creation and response to British
policies - Middle class intelligentsia
Change in INC methods and objectives
British suppression on INC shows it was not safety valve
 Good knowledge
but not exactly suiting the demand of
question
Question is What were the major
factors contributing to formation of
Indian National Congress?
so write the factors and not theory

International influence of American

and French revolution
Role of Media
Western political ideas awareness to
Middle class intelligentsia
Economic exploitation of British

Conclusion must be in this line - Safety valve theory may be one perspective but it does not offer
satisfactory explanation as various other factors played huge role in its formation
 valid intro

Sticking to basics
good

Draw the Urban heat island diagram to show how

temperatures of urban areas are higher than the
surrounding periurban and rural areas

Write the CAUSES OF URBAN HEAT ISLAND - Since question asked to elaborate concept of Urban
heat island

valid content
all valid points
but try to address urban planning and climate adaptation separately
Urban planning
Cooling plan
Urban design - close to water bodies like in Ancient times
Sufficient ventilation inside buildings

Climate adaptation
Local materials
Green buildings
Air quality of cities
Health impacts

Valid conclusion

Link to SDG 11 and 13

Good start
by data
Good and
right
keyword

very good knowledge

 Rights of Indigenous people will
be a concern in Diplomacy
Environmental diplomac

Balanced both sides well with

4 points on each

Very good aspect

Rich content

Try to link to India - how A responsible power can help to steward this
 Rightly explained

Try to draw the diagram of

plate tectonics when
explaining the concept

Relevant points
 Good effort for the
diagram
please box them

well explained
Valid content

Very good understanding and right

approach to conclusion
 Brilliant mention

good understanding
rightly linked to south
asia as a whole

address the IOD

separately
valid content
Shows rich knowledge

Also write about Rain shadow region - Ladakh

 very good concept linked

Well understood water as a

resource and well diversified the
content

also write on
HImalayan springs and
Role of water in
Biodiversity aspect

Valid conclusion but looks simple

Also write how Himalayan role is being threatened by climate change and there is a need for
preserving Himalayan features
 INHUMANE*

so-called

Use of language is very important it

shows your attitude and
understanding

also write the reason for it in urban

areas - lack of awareness on legal
consequences - finding it cost
effective

Also write about the lack of

Rich content machine-compatible septic tank
Very good value addition designs
Mentioned the Institution name - thinker name
Lack of political will and adequate
Addressed the demand as well
fund allocation to take this on
mission mode

write this as first point

Very good choice of word

There will be space only for 3-4 points - so after 3 points draw a hub
and spoke diagram and write all other reasons
 Good understanding

Question is not WHY it is needed but how - so you have to

write which dimension will help in which manner
socially - removing the stigma
economically = skill development and entrepreneurship -
NAMSTE Scheme
Technological - Bandicoot deployment
Role of Media- civil society in reaching last mile areas

write along with multidimension - it also needs multi-stakeholder (whole of govt and whole of
society approach to eradicate it

Write that Manual scavenging has no place in a Egalitarian societyand a democratic country
 Rich introduction

Question demand is to show the

EVOLUTION
start from Pre-Independence then show
post independence in 1950 as well

rich content
Write how 1980s started Politicisation of
language competence
religion
is good
Minority appeasement - Formation of
But not writing as per
religion based parties
demand
Secularisation of politics
Currently we have mix of both communal
politics and secular politics
Valid content
Good value addition

But not exactly meeting the demand

balance between religious freedom - secularism and electoral dynamics
write how parties try to show them as Secular and advocate for religious freedom
But some communal parties advocate for conservatism due to vote bank politics which threaten
secularism
Religious polarisation -asking for votes based on religion in elections

very good content

Diversified as well

you should and cannot break this

nexus
rather the delicate balance must be
strengthened and make it healthy
and move towards secularisation of
society and politics
rightly defined

But not suiting question

demand
write how slums were the
offshoot of unplanned
urbanisation

valid and rich content

but main aspects missing

write the poor housing - health and

address socio-economic
sanitation -
empowerment separately
Urban crime
Climate vulnerability
Vulnerable to displacement
this is good suggestion

Innovative solutions
3D printing of homes
Vertical urbanisation
Housing under PPP

Suggest SPV or
task force than a
separate ministry

Conclusion - Write the need for Inclusive , sustrainable and resilient cities
SDG 11