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Commentary ; Rahul Tripathi. 11-1. 1.4 ;
RuturTABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER:- 01 INTRODUCTION
1.1 What is zero energy building (ZEB)?
1.2 Importance in the context of sustainability and energy
conservation.
1.3 Goals and scope of your project.
CHAPTER :- 02 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Historical background and Existing ZEB projects globally.
2.2 Benefits and limitations.
CHAPTER :- 03 OBJECTIVESOF STUDY
3.1 Integrating renewable energy sources.
3.2 Designing a building with net- zero energy consumption.
CHAPTER :- 04 METHODOLOGY
4.1 Selection of site and material.
4.2 Energy load estimation.
CHAPTER :- 05 DESIGN AND PLANNING
5.1 Architectural layout.
5.2 Passive design strategies.
CHAPTER :- 06 RENEWABLE ENERGY
INTEGRATION
6.1 Solar PV system.
6.2 Wind energy.
6.3 Energy storage solution.
CHAPTER :- 07 CHALLENGES AND
SOLUTION
7.1 Climate dependence.
7.2 Cost barriers.
7.3 Technical expertise.
CHAPTER :- 08 CASE STUDIES
CHAPTER :- 09 CONCLUSION AND
FUTURE SCOPE
CHAPTER :- 01 INTRODUCTION
1.1 WHAT IS ZERO ENERGY BUILDING (ZEB)?
A zero energy building is a building with zero net energy
consumption.
A zero energy building aims to consume as much or less energy
annually than it produces from on-site renewable sources
minimizing reliance on non-renewable energy and reducing
environmental impact.
The total amount of energy used by the building on an annual
basis is roughly equal to the amount of energy generated on
the site through renewable sources.
These building consequently contribute less overall greenhouse
gas to the atmosphere than similar non-ZNE building.
ZEB are vital for addressing the growing energy crisis, they
significantly reduce dependence on fossil fuel and promotes
sustainability.
1.2 IMOORTANCE IN THE CONTEXT OF
SUSTAINBILITY AND ENERGY CONSERVATION
SUSTAINBILITY
Reduced carbon footprint:-ZEBs minimize greenhouse gas
emissions, contribute to a cleaner environment.
Conservation of natural resources:-By generating their own
energy, ZEBs reduce reliance on non-renewable resources.
Promoting eco-friendly practices:-ZEBs set an example for
sustainable building practices and encourage others to follow
suit.
ENERGY CONSERVATION
Net-zero energy consumption:-ZEBs produce as much
energy as they consume, reducing energy waste and
promoting energy efficiency.
Lower energy costs:-By generating their own energy, ZEBs
can reduce or eliminate bills.
Increased energy independence:-ZEBs are less reliant on
the grid, making them more resilient to energy outages and
price fluctuations.
1.3 GOALS AND SCOPE OF YPUR PROJECT
GOAL’S OF ZERO ENERGY BUILDING
Net zero energy consumption:-Achieve a balance between
energy consumption and on-site renewable energy
production.
Reduce greenhouse gas emission:-Minimize carbon
footprint and contribute to a sustainable environment.
Energy independence:-Reduce reliance on grid energy and
enhance energy security.
SCOPE OF ZERO ENERGY BUILDING
Residential and commercial building:-Apply to various
building types, including homes, school and offices.
New and existing building:-Can be designed for new
constructions or retrofitted for existing building.
Varied climates and regions:-Can be adapted to different
climates and regional requirement.
CHAPTER:- 02 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND EXISTING ZEB
PROJECTS GLOBALLY
The concept of zero energy building emerged in the early 2000s and
has gained widespread adoption worldwide due to its focus on
energy efficiency and renewable energy. Many countries have
established ZEBs as a standard for new construction, with the goal of
reducing energy consumption and achieving net-zero energy
performance.
EXISTING ZEB PROJECTS GLOBALLY
Japan:-Japan has made significant strides in ZEB adoption, with
numerous projects showcasing innovative technologies and
design.
European union:- The European union’s energy performance
of building directive (EPBD) has mandated that all new building
in the EU be nearly ZEBs by 2020, with a focus on renewable
energy sources.
United states:-The united states has also seen .the
construction of notable ZEB projects, including the unisphere,
which is one of the largest net-zero energy building globally.
2.2 BENEFITS AND LIMITATION
Reduce energy consumption:-ZEBs minimize energy
consumption through efficient design and system.
Lower energy cost:-Generating their own energy, ZEBs can
reduce or eliminate energy bills.
Improve indoor air quality:-ZEBs often incorporate natural
ventilation and air filtration systems, promoting healthier
indoor environments.
CHAPTER:- 03 OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
3.1 DESINING A BUILDING WITH NET-ZERO ENERGY
CONSUMPTION
1. CLIMATE CONSCIOUS DESIGN:
Orientation:-Orient the building to maximize solar gains in the
winter and minimize them in the summer, considering the local
climate.
Insulation:-Super-insulate the building envelope with
materials like cellulose, foam to minimize heat loss and gain.
Windows and doors:-Utilize high-performance, low-E coated
windows and doors to reduce reliance on artificial lighting.
Daylighting: Maximize natural light penetration through
strategically placed windows and skylight to reduce reliance on
artificial lighting.
2. ENERGY EFFICIENCY:
Energy modeling:- perform energy modeling to optimize the
building’s design for energy efficiency.
Ventilation:- Implement an energy-efficiency ventilation
system to provide fresh air while minimizing energy loss.
Air leakage:- Seal the building envelope tightly to minimize air
leakage and drafts.
3. RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMs:-
Photovoltaics (PV):- Install solar panels on the roof or other
suitable areas to generate electricity.
Geothermal heat pumps:- Consider geothermal heat pumps
for heating and cooling, especially in regions with stable ground
temperature.
Thermal storage:- Utilize thermal storage system to store
excess energy generated by renewable and use it during peak
demand periods.
4. SMART DESIGN AND OPERATIONs:-
Building management system (BMS):- Implement a BMS to
monitor and control the building energy system in real-time.
Demand response:-Participate in demand response programs
to reduce energy consumption during peak demand periods.
Smart appliances:-Utilize smart appliances that can be
programmed to operate efficiently and reduce energy
consumption.
3.2 INTEGRATING RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
Solar PV:- Photovoltaic panles convert sunlight into
electricity, which can power the building’s various needs.
Solar thermal:- Solar collectors utilize solar energy for
heating water and space.
Wind turbines:- small-scale wind turbines can capture
wind energy and generate electricity.
Biomass:-Biomass systems can provide heating and
electricity through the combustion of organic matter.
Energy storage systems (ESS):- ESSs like batteries can
store excess energy generated from renewable sources,
providing a buffer for periods of reduced or no generation.
CHAPTER:- 04 METHODOLOGY
4.1 SELECTION OF SITE AND MATERIAL.
SITE SELECTION
Brownfield sites:- Prioritize brownfield sites over greenfield
sites to reduce environmental disruption and save on
infrastructure costs.
Avoids flood zone:- Select sites that are not to flooding, as
this damage the building and necessitate costly repairs.
Climate consideration:- Consider the local climate, including
sun exposure, wind patterns, temperature, and rain patterns,
when selecting the site and designing the building.
Building orientation:-Optimize building orientation to
maximize solar gain during cooler months and minimize it
during warmer months.
MATERIAL SELECTION
Low-carbon materials:- utilize materials with a low carbon
footprint, such as glue-laminated timber, which can replace
steel and concrete in structural elements.
Energy- efficient windows:- Select windows with low-
emissivity coating, double or triple glazing, and gas-filled
cavities to minimize heat transfer through windows.
Sustainable materials:- Choose materials that are
environment sustainable, such as recycled content, locally
sourced materials, and materials with low embodied energy.
Green building materials:- Consider using green building
materials like wool bricks, sustainable concrete, and recycled
paper insulation.
Cool roofs:-Utilize cool roof with high solar reflectance and
thermal emitting to reduce heat absorption.
4.2 ENERGY LOAD ESTIMATION
Zero energy buildings (ZEBs) aim to produce as much energy as
they consume over a year. Accurate energy load estimation is
crucial for designing and operating ZEBs.
METHODS FOR ENERGY LOAD ESTIMATION
Simulation tools:-Utilizing software to model building energy
performance.
Load calculation methodologies: Applying methodologies
like heat balance standards.
Benchmarking:-Comparing energy usage with similar ZEBs or
industry standards.
CHAPTER:-05 DESIGN AND PLANNING
5.1 ARCHITECTURAL LAYOUT
A zero-energy building architectural layout prioritizes energy
efficiency and sustainability by focusing on passive design strategies
like strategic orientation, insulation, and daylight. It also incorporates
renewable energy generation through technology like solar panels,
aiming to produce as much energy as the building consumes
annually.
KEY ARCHITECTURAL COMSIDERATIONS
1. Orientation
2. Insulation and envelope
3. Fenestration
4. Daylight
5. Ventilation
6. Material selection
7. Renewable energy systems
8. Smart technologies
EXAMPLE:- A zero-energy building in Patna might be oriented
south-east to maximize solar gain and natural ventilation; with large
south—facing windows for daylight and possibly a central courtyard
for natural air insulation and use solar panels on the roof to
generating electricity .A smart home system could be implemented
to optimize energy consumption and monitor performance.
5.2 PASSIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES
Passive design strategies for zero-energy building focus on
minimizing energy consumption by leveraging natural resources and
building materials to provide heating, cooling, ventilation and
lighting, reducing the need for active mechanical system. Key
strategies include optimize building orientation, maximizing natural
light, enhancing natural ventilation, and using efficient building
envelope materials.
KEY CONSIDERATIONS
1. Climate and location:-Tailor design strategies to the specific
climate and location.
2. Building type and use:-Consider the building intended use
and occupancy patterns.
3. Integration with active system:-Combine passive design
strategies with active system to achieve net-zero energy goal.
CHAPTER:- 06 RENEWABLE ENERGY
INTEGRATION
6.1 SOLAR PV SYSTEM
A solar PV system is crucial for achieving zero-energy building by
directly converting sunlight into electricity. These system, consisting
of solar panels and supporting components like inverters and wiring,
provide a renewable energy source to power the building, reducing
its reliance on traditional electricity grids.
KEY ASPECTS OF USING SOLAR PV SYSTEM FOR ZERO-ENERGY
BUILDIUNG
1. Building integration(BIPV)
2. Net metering
3. Energy storage
4. System design and optimization
5. Hybrid PV/T systems
6. Passive design
7. Tracking system
6.2 WIND ENERGY
Wind energy can be utilized in zero energy building by integrating
wind turbines on-site to generate electricity, which can be used to
power the building energy needs. This helps reduce or eliminate
reliance on fossil fuels and achieve energy independence.
6.3 ENERGY STORAGE SOLUTION
For zero-energy building ,energy storage solution like lithium-ion
batteries, thermal storage and even hydrogen storage are effective.
These solutions help manage the fluctuating energy supply from
renewable sources like solar and wind, ensuring the building energy
needs are met even when the sun isn’t shining or the wind isn’t
blowing.
CHOOSING THE RIGHT STORAGE SOLUTION FOR A ZERO-
ENERGY BUILDING DEPENDS ON SEVERAL FACTORS
1. Cost:- Lithium-ion batteries and other storage technologies can
be expensive, so cost effectiveness is a key consideration.
2. Efficiency:- The efficiency of the storage system determines
how much energy is lost during charging and discharging cycles.
3. Capacity:- The amount pf energy the storage system can hold
depends on the building’s energy needs and the variability of
the renewable energy sources.
4. Location and climate:-For example thermal storage is more
suitable in colder climates where heat is neede for extended
periods.
5. Grid stability:-Energy storage can help stabilize the grid by
absorbing excess energy during peak production times and
releasing it when demand is high.
CHAPTER:-07 CHALLENGES AND
SOLUTION
7.1 CLIMATE DEPENDENCE
CHALLENGE
Variability in solar radiation:- Changes in sunlight intensity
and duration impact energy generation.
Temperature fluctuations:- Extreme temperature affects
heating and cooling demands.
Weather patterns:-Weather events like stroms , droughts , or
heat waves impact energy generation and consumption.
Regional climate differences:-Different climates require
tailored design strategies.
SOLUTION’S
Climate-specific design:-Tailor building design to the local
climate, incorporative strategies like passive solar design or
wind mitigation.
Energy storage system:-Implement energy storage solution
like batteries to stabilize energy supply during periods of low
generation.
Smart grid technologies:-Leverage smart grid technologies
to optimize energy distribution, predict energy demand, and
adjust energy supply accordingly.
Adaptive building systems:-Incorporative adaptive systems
that can adjust to changing climate condition, such as dynamic
shading or ventilation systems.
Resilient design:-Design buildings to be resilient to extreme
weather events, incorporative features like flood protection or
wind-resistant materials.
7.2 COST BARRIERS
CHALLENGES
Higher upfront costs:-Zero-energy building often require
more expensive materials and systems.
Increased design and engineering costs:-Specialized design
and engineering expertise may be required.
Higher labor costs:-Skilled labor may be needed for
installation and commissioning.
SOLUTION’S
Economical of scale:-Larger projects can benefits from
reduced costs per unit.
Technological advancement:-Improvements in technology
can reduce costs over time.
Incentive and rebates:-Government and utilities offer
incentives to offset higher upfront costs.
Design optimization:-Optimization building design to
minimize costs while maintaining performance.
Finance options:-Exploring financing options, such as green
financing or energy efficient miortgages.
7.3 TECHNICAL EXPERTISE
CHALLENGES
Specialized knowledge:-Zero-energy building require
expertise in energy-efficient design, renewable energy systems,
and building science.
Integration complexity:-Integration multiple systems, such
as solar, wind, and energy storage can be complex.
Performance monitoring:-Ensuring optimal performance
requires ongoing monitoring and analysis.
SOLUTION’S
Training and education:-Providing training and education for
architects, engineers, and builders on zero-energy building
design and construction.
Collaboration and partnerships:- Encouraging collaboration
between experts from various fields, such as architecture,
engineering and renewable energy.
Simulation and modeling tools:- utilize simulation and
modeling tools to optimize building design and performance.
Commissioning and testing:- Ensuring that systems are
properly commissioned and tested to ensure optimal
performance.
Ongoing monitoring and maintenance:- Providing ongoing
monitoring and maintenance to ensure continued optimal
performance.
CHAPTER:-08 CASE STUDIES
INDIA-BASED CASES STUDIES
Godrej & Boyce PL-13 Annexe Building:- Located in
Mumbai, this building achieved net-zero energy status through
passive and active design methods like solar thermal energy,
geothermal energy, and solar integrated roof panels.
Indira Paryavaran Bhawan:-Situated in new delhi, this
government building was designed to be net-zero energy
through green features and on0site solar energy generation.
Infosys Hyderabad:- India’s first radient-cooled commercial
building, reducing energy consumption by 56% compared to
benchmark through radient cooling technology and green
architecture principles.
INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDIES
The Edge, Amsterdam:- This office building has the highest
BREEAM rating, using 70% less electricity through energy-
efficient design features like solar panels and smart lighting.
CHAPTER:- 09 CONCLUSION AND
FUTURE SCOPE
FUTURE SCOPE
Increased adoption:-As technology advance and costs
decreases, ZEBs are likely to become more widespread, driving
growth in the sustainable building sector.
Integration with smart grids:-ZEBs can play a crucial role in
smart grid systems, providing energy storage and generation
capabilities.
Net-zero energy communities:-The concept of net-zero
energy communities, where neighborhoods or cities aim to
achieve net-zero energy consumption, is gaining traction.
Advancement in building materials:- Research and
development of new, sustainable building materials will
continue to improve the energy efficiency and environment
performance of ZEBs.
Global standards and certifications:- Establishing global
standards and certifications for ZEBs will help ensure
consistency and quality in design, construction, and operation.
COCLUSION
Zero energy building (ZEBs) represents a significant step towards
sustainable development, reducing energy consumption and
environment impact. By incorporating energy-efficient design,
renewable energy sources, and consumption, providing a
comfortable and healthy indoor environment for occupants.
3.3
3.2 Integrating renewableenergy sources.
CHAPTER :- 04 METHODOLOGY
4.1 Selection of site and mate
CHAPTER :- 05 DESIGN AND PLANNING
5.1 Architectural layout.
5.2 Passive design strategies.
CHAOPTER :-06 RENEWABLE ENERGY
INTEGRATION
6.1 Solar PV systems .
6.2 Wind energy.
6.3 Energy storage solution .
CHAPTER :-07 CHALLENGES AND
SOLUTION
7.1 Climate dependence.
7.2 cost barriers.
7.3 Technical expertise .
CHAPTER:-08 CASE STUDIES
CHAPTER :- 09 CONCLUSION AND
FUTURE SCOPE
