https://www.cia.
gov/the-world-factbook/countries/georgia/
Georgia
Coordinates: 42.315407 degrees N latitude, 43.356892 degrees E longitude
https://www.geodatos.net/en/coordinates/georgia
Languages: Official- Georgian 87.6%, Other- Azeri 6.2%, Armenian 3.9%, Russian 1.2%, other 1%
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/georgia/#people-and-society
Area: 69,700 sq km
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/georgia/#geography
Population: 4,936,390
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/georgia/#people-and-society
Population Density: 65.61 people per sq km
http://www.geo-ref.net/ph/geo.htm
Capital and Major Cities:
Capital- Tbilisi
https://www.britannica.com/place/Georgia
Major Cities- Kutaisi and Batumi
https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/biggest-cities-in-the-country-of-georgia.html
Religions: Orthodox 83.4%, Muslim 10.7%, Armenian Apostolic 2.9%, other 1.2% (includes Catholic, Jehovah's Witness, Yazidi,
Protestant, Jewish), none 0.5%
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/georgia/#people-and-society
Type of Governments: Semi-presidential republic
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/georgia/#government
Landforms:
Mountains- Shkhara
https://www.britannica.com/place/Georgia#ref73555
Rivers- Rioni and Kodori
https://www.britannica.com/place/Georgia#ref73555
Landmarks:
Akhaltsikhe-
https://www.meganstarr.com/places-to-visit-in-georgia-country/
Katskhi Pillar-
https://www.meganstarr.com/places-to-visit-in-georgia-country/
Natural Resources: Timber, hydropower, manganese deposits, iron ore, copper
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/georgia/#geography
Industries: Steel, machine tools, electrical appliances, mining
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/georgia/#economy
Historical Events:
-Treaty of Constantinople, which divided territory of Georgia between Russian and Ottoman empires. 1724
https://djaunter.com/georgia-history/
-Invasion of the country by the Red Army, proclaiming Georgia as one of the Soviet republics. 1921
https://djaunter.com/georgia-history/
Flag Meaning: “White rectangle with a central red cross extending to all four sides of the flag; each of the four quadrants displays
a small red bolnur-katskhuri cross; sometimes referred to as the Five-Cross Flag; although adopted as the official Georgian flag in
2004, the five-cross design is based on a 14th century banner of the Kingdom of Georgia.”
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/georgia/#government
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/georgia/
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/armenia/
Armenia
1. Coordinates: 40.0691 degrees N latitude, 45.0382 degrees E longitude
https://www.geodatos.net/en/coordinates/armenia
2. Languages: Official- Armenian 97.9%, Other- Kurmanji 1%, other 1.1%
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/armenia/#people-and-society
3. Area: 29,743 sq km
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/armenia/#geography
4. Population: 2,989,091
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/armenia/#people-and-society
5. Population Density: 93.41 people per sq km
https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/ARM/armenia/population-density
6. Capital and Major Cities:
Capital- Yerevan
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/armenia/#government
Major Cities- Gyumri and Vanadzor
https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-biggest-cities-in-armenia.html
7. Religions: Armenian Apostolic 92.6%, Evangelical 1%, other 2.4%, none 1.1%, unspecified 2.9%
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/armenia/#people-and-society
8. Type of Governments: Parliamentary democracy
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/armenia/#government
9. Landforms:
Mountains- Aragats and Kaputdzhukh
https://www.advantour.com/armenia/geography.htm
Rivers- Araks River
https://www.advantour.com/armenia/geography.htm
Lakes- Lake Sevan
https://www.advantour.com/armenia/geography.htm
10. Landmarks:
https://www.traveldrafts.com/famous-landmarks-in-armenia/
Cascade complex, Yerevan-
https://visityerevan.am/places/details/51/en/
Noravank Monastery-
https://www.advantour.com/armenia/noravank.htm
11. Natural Resources: Small deposits of gold, copper, molybdenum, zinc, bauxite
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/armenia/#geography
12. Industries: brandy, mining, diamond processing, metal-cutting machine tools, forging and pressing machines
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/armenia/#geography
13. Historical Events:
-Armenia is invaded by Turkey and Bolshevik Russia. An agreement with the Bolsheviks leads to Armenia proclaiming
itself a socialist republic. 1920
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17405415
-Armenia is incorporated into the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. 1922
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17405415
14. Flag Meaning: “The color red recalls the blood shed for liberty, blue is the Armenian skies as well as hope, and orange
is the land and the courage of the workers who farm it.”
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/armenia/#geography
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/armenia/
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/azerbaijan/
Azerbaijan
1. Coordinates: 40.1431 degrees N latitude, 47.5769 degrees E longitude
https://www.geodatos.net/en/coordinates/azerbaijan
2. Languages: Official- Azerbaijani 92.5%, Other- Russian 1.4%, Armenian 1.4%, other 4.7%
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/azerbaijan/#people-and-society
3. Area: 86,600 sq km
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/azerbaijan/#geography
4. Population: 10,420,515
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/azerbaijan/#people-and-society
5. Population Density: 120.24 people per sq km
https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/ARM/azerbaijan/population-density?q=Azerbaijan
6. Capital and Major Cities:
Capital- Baku
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/azerbaijan/#government
Major Cities- Ganja and Sumqayit
https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-biggest-cities-in-azerbaijan.html
7. Religions: Muslim 97.3%, Christian 2.6%, other 0.1%, unaffiliated 0.1%
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/azerbaijan/#people-and-society
8. Type of Governments: Presidential republic
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/azerbaijan/#government
9. Landforms:
Mountains- Lesser Caucasus Mountains, Greater Caucasus Mountains, and Mount Bazarduzu
https://alearningfamily.com/main/azerbaijan-physical-map/
Rivers- Aras River and Kura River
https://alearningfamily.com/main/azerbaijan-physical-map/
Peninsula- Apsheron Peninsula
https://alearningfamily.com/main/azerbaijan-physical-map/
10. Landmarks:
https://weproject.media/en/articles/detail/6-azerbaijan-s-most-famous-architectural-landmarks/
Maiden Tower-
https://weproject.media/en/articles/detail/6-azerbaijan-s-most-famous-architectural-landmarks/
Bibi-Heybat Mosque-
https://weproject.media/en/articles/detail/6-azerbaijan-s-most-famous-architectural-landmarks/
11. Natural Resources: Petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, nonferrous metals, bauxite
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/azerbaijan/#geography
12. Industries: Petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas, oilfield equipment
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/azerbaijan/#economy
13. Historical Events:
-Transcaucasian Soviet Federative Republic dissolved; Azerbaijan becomes full republic of Soviet Union.
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17047328
-World's first oil well is drilled south of Baku.
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17047328
14. Flag Meaning: “Three equal horizontal bands of sky blue (top), red, and green; a vertical crescent moon and an eight-
pointed star in white are centered in the red band; the blue band recalls Azerbaijan's Turkic heritage, red stands for
modernization and progress, and green refers to Islam; the crescent moon and star are a Turkic insignia; the eight star
points represent the eight Turkic peoples of the world.”
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/azerbaijan/#government
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/azerbaijan/
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kazakhstan/
Kazakhstan
1. Coordinates: 48.0196 degrees N latitude, 66.9237 degrees E longitude
https://www.geodatos.net/en/coordinates/kazakhstan
2. Languages: Kazakh (official, Qazaq) 83.1% (understand spoken language) and trilingual (Kazakh, Russian, English)
22.3% (2017 est.); Russian (official, used in everyday business, designated the "language of interethnic
communication") 94.4% (understand spoken language)
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kazakhstan/#people-and-society
3. Area: 2,724,900 sq km
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kazakhstan/#geography
4. Population: 19,543,464
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kazakhstan/#people-and-society
5. Population Density: 7.20 people per sq km
https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/ARM/kazakhstan/population-density?q=Azerbaijan
6. Capital and Major Cities:
Capital- Nur-Sultan (Astana)
https://www.britannica.com/place/Kazakhstan
Major Cities- Shymkent and Karaganda
https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/biggest-cities-in-kazakhstan.html
7. Religions: Muslim 70.2%, Christian 26.2% (mainly Russian Orthodox), other 0.2%, atheist 2.8%, unspecified 0.5%
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kazakhstan/#people-and-society
8. Type of Governments: Presidential republic
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kazakhstan/#government
9. Landforms:
Mountains- Mount Khan-Tengri
https://www.britannica.com/place/Kazakhstan#ref73555
Lakes- Lake Balkhash
https://www.britannica.com/place/Kazakhstan#ref73555
Deserts- Aral Karakum
https://www.britannica.com/place/Kazakhstan#ref73555
Plateaus- Ustyurt Plateau
https://www.britannica.com/place/Kazakhstan#ref73555
10. Landmarks:
https://www.advantour.com/kazakhstan/landmarks-and-attractions.htm
Steppe-
https://www.iucn.org/news/commission-ecosystem-management/201806/steppes-republic-kazakhstan
Otrar-
https://kazakhstan.travel/tourist-spot/en/173/ancient-city-of-otrar
11. Natural Resources: Major deposits of petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, manganese
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kazakhstan/#geography
12. Industries: Oil, coal, iron ore, manganese, chromite, lead, zinc, copper, titanium
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kazakhstan/#economy
13. Historical Events:
- A major anti-Russian rebellion is repressed, with about 150,000 people killed and more than 300,000 fleeing abroad. 1916
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-15483497
-Civil war breaks out following the Bolshevik revolution in Russia. 1917
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-15483497
14. Flag Meaning: “A gold sun with 32 rays above a soaring golden steppe eagle, both centered on a sky blue background;
the hoist side displays a national ornamental pattern "koshkar-muiz" (the horns of the ram) in gold; the blue color is of
religious significance to the Turkic peoples of the country, and so symbolizes cultural and ethnic unity; it also
represents the endless sky as well as water; the sun, a source of life and energy, exemplifies wealth and plenitude; the
sun's rays are shaped like grain, which is the basis of abundance and prosperity; the eagle has appeared on the flags of
Kazakh tribes for centuries and represents freedom, power, and the flight to the future.”
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kazakhstan/#government
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/turkmenistan/
Turkmenistan
1. Coordinates: 38.9697 degrees N latitude, 59.5563 degrees E longitude
https://www.geodatos.net/en/coordinates/turkmenistan
2. Languages: Official- Turkmen 72%, Other- Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%, other 7%
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/turkmenistan/#people-and-society
3. Area: 488,100 sq km
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/turkmenistan/#geography
4. Population: 5,690,818
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/turkmenistan/#people-and-society
5. Population Density: 13.35 people per sq km
https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/ARM/turkmenistan/population-density?q=Azerbaijan
6. Capital and Major Cities:
Capital- Ashgabat
https://www.britannica.com/place/Turkmenistan#ref73555
Major Cities- Türkmenabat and Daşoguz
https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/biggest-cities-in-turkmenistan.html
7. Religions: Muslim 93%, Christian 6.4%, Buddhist <1%, folk religion <1%, Jewish <1%, other <1%, unspecified <1%
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/turkmenistan/#people-and-society
8. Type of Governments: Presidential republic; authoritarian
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/turkmenistan/#government
9. Landforms:
Mountains- Kugitangtau and Kopet Dag ranges
https://www.britannica.com/place/Turkmenistan#ref73555
Deserts- Karakum
https://www.britannica.com/place/Turkmenistan#ref73555
Plains- Turan Plain
https://www.britannica.com/place/Turkmenistan#ref73555
10. Landmarks:
https://www.advantour.com/turkmenistan/landmarks-and-attractions.htm
Kunya-Urgench-
https://www.advantour.com/turkmenistan/kunya-urgench.htm
Serakhs-
https://www.advantour.com/turkmenistan/serakhs.htm
11. Natural Resources: Petroleum, natural gas, sulfur, salt
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/turkmenistan/#geography
12. Industries: Natural gas, oil, petroleum products, textiles, food processing
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/turkmenistan/#economy
13. Historical Events:
-Turkmenistan forms part of the Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. 1921
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-16098048
-Turkmenistan becomes a fully-fledged constituent republic of the USSR. 1925
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-16098048
14. Flag Meaning: “Green field with a vertical red stripe near the hoist side, containing five tribal guls (designs used in
producing carpets) stacked above two crossed olive branches; five white, five-pointed stars and a white crescent moon
appear in the upper corner of the field just to the fly side of the red stripe; the green color and crescent moon represent
Islam; the five stars symbolize the regions or welayats of Turkmenistan; the guls reflect the national identity of
Turkmenistan where carpet-making has long been a part of traditional nomadic life.”
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/turkmenistan/#government
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/turkmenistan/
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uzbekistan/
Uzbekistan
1. Coordinates: 41.3775 degrees N latitude, 64.5853 degrees E longitude
https://www.geodatos.net/en/coordinates/uzbekistan
2. Languages: Uzbek (official) 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1%
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uzbekistan/#people-and-society
3. Area: 447,400 sq km
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uzbekistan/#geography
4. Population: 31,360,836
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uzbekistan/#people-and-society
5. Population Density: 78.33 people per sq km
https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/ARM/uzbekistan/population-density?q=Azerbaijan
6. Capital and Major Cities:
Capital- Tashkent
https://www.britannica.com/place/Uzbekistan#ref73555
Major Cities- Samarkand and Namangan
https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/biggest-cities-in-uzbekistan.html
7. Religions: Muslim 88% (mostly Sunni), Eastern Orthodox 9%, other 3%
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uzbekistan/#people-and-society
8. Type of Governments: Presidential republic; highly authoritarian
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uzbekistan/#government
9. Landforms:
Rivers- Surkhan and Sherabad
https://www.britannica.com/place/Uzbekistan#ref73555
Deserts- Kyzylkum Desert
https://www.britannica.com/place/Uzbekistan#ref73555
Plateaus- Ustyurt Plateau
https://www.britannica.com/place/Uzbekistan#ref73555
10. Landmarks:
Registan Square-
https://www.pettitts.co.uk/blog/uzbekistan-landmarks
Kalta Minor Minaret-
https://www.pettitts.co.uk/blog/uzbekistan-landmarks
11. Natural Resources: Natural gas, petroleum, coal, gold, uranium, silver, copper
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uzbekistan/#geography
12. Industries: textiles, Food processing, machine building, metallurgy, mining
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uzbekistan/#economy
13. Historical Events:
-Soviet leader Stalin purges independent-minded Uzbek leaders, replacing them with Moscow loyalists. 1930
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-16218972
-Communist Party of Uzbekistan declares economic and political sovereignty. 1990
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-16218972
14. Flag Meaning: “Three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and green separated by red fimbriations with a
vertical, white crescent moon (closed side to the hoist) and 12 white, five-pointed stars shifted to the hoist on the top
band; blue is the color of the Turkic peoples and of the sky, white signifies peace and the striving for purity in thoughts
and deeds, while green represents nature and is the color of Islam; the red stripes are the vital force of all living
organisms that links good and pure ideas with the eternal sky and with deeds on earth; the crescent represents Islam and
the 12 stars the months and constellations of the Uzbek calendar.”
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uzbekistan/#government
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uzbekistan/
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kyrgyzstan/
Kyrgyzstan
1. Coordinates: 41.2044 degrees N latitude, 74.7661 degrees E longitude
https://www.geodatos.net/en/coordinates/kyrgyzstan
2. Languages: Kyrgyz (official) 71.4%, Uzbek 14.4%, Russian (official) 9%, other 5.2%
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kyrgyzstan/#people-and-society
3. Area: 199,951 sq km
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kyrgyzstan/#geography
4. Population: 6,122,781
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kyrgyzstan/#people-and-society
5. Population Density: 34 people per sq km
https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/kyrgyzstan-population/
6. Capital and Major Cities:
Capital- Bishkek
https://www.britannica.com/place/Kyrgyzstan#ref73555
Major Cities- Osh and Jalal-Abad
https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-biggest-cities-in-kyrgyzstan.html
7. Religions: Muslim 90% (majority Sunni), Christian 7% (Russian Orthodox 3%), other 3% (includes Jewish, Buddhist,
Baha'i)
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kyrgyzstan/#people-and-society
8. Type of Governments: Parliamentary republic
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kyrgyzstan/#government
9. Landforms:
Mountains- Khan-Tangiri Peak
https://www.britannica.com/place/Kyrgyzstan#ref73555
Rivers- Naryn River
https://www.britannica.com/place/Kyrgyzstan#ref73555
Plains- Fergana Valley
https://www.britannica.com/place/Kyrgyzstan#ref73555
10. Landmarks:
Caravanserai Tash-Rabat-
https://www.tripzaza.com/en/destinations/top-attractions-in-kyrgyzstan
Burana Tower-
https://www.tripzaza.com/en/destinations/top-attractions-in-kyrgyzstan
11. Natural Resources: Abundant hydropower; gold, rare earth metals; locally exploitable coal
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kyrgyzstan/#geography
12. Industries: Small machinery, textiles, food processing, cement, shoes, lumber
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kyrgyzstan/#economy
13. Historical Events:
-Civil war breaks in the wake of the 1917 October Revolution in Russia. 1917-23
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-16185772
-Kirgiz Autonomous Region upgraded to an ASSR. 1926
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-16185772
14. Flag Meaning: “Red field with a yellow sun in the center having 40 rays representing the 40 Kyrgyz tribes; on the
obverse side the rays run counterclockwise, on the reverse, clockwise; in the center of the sun is a red ring crossed by
two sets of three lines, a stylized representation of a "tunduk" - the crown of a traditional Kyrgyz yurt; red symbolizes
bravery and valor, the sun evinces peace and wealth.”
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kyrgyzstan/#government
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tajikistan/
Tajikistan
1. Coordinates: 38.861 degrees N latitude, 71.2761 degrees E longitude
https://www.geodatos.net/en/coordinates/tajikistan
2. Languages: Tajik (official) 84.4%, Uzbek 11.9%, Kyrgyz 0.8%, Russian 0.5%, other 2.4%
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tajikistan/#people-and-society
3. Area: 144,100 sq km
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tajikistan/#geography
4. Population: 9,245,937
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tajikistan/#people-and-society
5. Population Density: 68 people per sq km
https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/tajikistan-population/
6. Capital and Major Cities:
Capital- Dushanbe
https://www.britannica.com/place/Tajikistan#ref73555
Major Cities- Khujand and Kulob
https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/biggest-cities-in-tajikistan.html
7. Religions: Muslim 98% (Sunni 95%, Shia 3%) other 2%
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tajikistan/#people-and-society
8. Type of Governments: Presidential republic
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tajikistan/#government
9. Landforms:
Mountains- Pamirs Mountain System
https://www.britannica.com/place/Tajikistan#ref73555
Rivers- Panj and Vakhsh rivers
https://www.britannica.com/place/Tajikistan#ref73555
Plains- Fergana Valley
https://www.britannica.com/place/Tajikistan#ref73555
10. Landmarks:
Monument to Ismail Samani
https://www.tripzaza.com/en/destinations/top-attractions-in-tajikistan
Ismaili Centre-
https://www.destimap.com/index.php?act=attraction&a=Ismaili-Centre%2C-Dushanbe%2C-Tajikistan
11. Natural Resources: Hydropower, some petroleum, uranium, mercury, brown coal, lead, zinc
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tajikistan/#geography
12. Industries: Aluminum, cement, coal, gold, silver, antimony, textile
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tajikistan/#economy
13. Historical Events:
-Tajik ASSR set up by Soviets and becomes part of the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic. 1924
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-16201087
-Northern Tajikistan becomes part of the Bolshevik-designated Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. 1921
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-16201087
14. Flag Meaning: “Three horizontal stripes of red (top), a wider stripe of white, and green; a gold crown surmounted by
seven gold, five-pointed stars is located in the center of the white stripe; red represents the sun, victory, and the unity of
the nation, white stands for purity, cotton, and mountain snows, while green is the color of Islam and the bounty of
nature; the crown symbolizes the Tajik people; the seven stars signify the Tajik magic number "seven" - a symbol of
perfection and the embodiment of happiness.”
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tajikistan/#government
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/afghanistan/
Afghanistan
1. Coordinates: 33.9391 degrees N latitude, 67.71 degrees E longitude
https://www.geodatos.net/en/coordinates/afghanistan
2. Languages: Afghan Persian or Dari (official, lingua franca) 77%, Pashto (official) 48%, Uzbeki 11%, English 6%,
Turkmani 3%, Urdu 3%, Pachaie 1%, Nuristani 1%, Arabic 1%, Balochi 1%, other <1%
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/afghanistan/#people-and-society
3. Area: 652,230 sq km
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/afghanistan/#geography
4. Population: 39,232,003
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/afghanistan/#people-and-society
5. Population Density: 60 people per sq km
https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/afghanistan-population/
6. Capital and Major Cities:
Capital- Kabul
https://www.britannica.com/place/Afghanistan#ref73555
Major Cities- Herat and Mazar-I-Sharif
https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/biggest-cities-in-afghanistan.html
7. Religions: Muslim 99.7% (Sunni 84.7 - 89.7%, Shia 10 - 15%), other <0.3%
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/afghanistan/#people-and-society
8. Type of Governments: Theocratic
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/afghanistan/#government
9. Landforms:
Mountains- Hindu Kush
https://www.britannica.com/place/Afghanistan
Rivers- Helmand River
https://www.britannica.com/place/Afghanistan
Plateaus- Southwestern Plateau
https://www.britannica.com/place/Afghanistan
10. Landmarks:
The Blue Mosque-
https://ehsanbayatafghanwireless.com/7-of-the-most-amazing-landmarks-in-afghanistan/
Darul Aman Palace-
https://ehsanbayatafghanwireless.com/7-of-the-most-amazing-landmarks-in-afghanistan/
11. Natural Resources: Natural gas, petroleum, coal, copper, chromite, talc, barites, sulfur, lead, zinc
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/afghanistan/#geography
12. Industries: Small-scale production of bricks, textiles, soap, furniture, shoes, fertilizer, apparel,
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/afghanistan/#economy
13. Historical Events:
-Afghanistan was invaded by the Soviet Union in 1979, leading to a decade-long conflict known as the Soviet-Afghan War.
https://www.britannica.com/place/Afghanistan/Struggle
-Following the 9/11 attacks in the United States in 2001, the US-led coalition invaded Afghanistan to oust the Taliban
regime, which had provided a safe haven for the Al Qaeda terrorist network.
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-11451718
Flag Meaning: “Three equal vertical bands of black (hoist side), red, and green, with the national emblem in white centered
on the red band and slightly overlapping the other 2 bands; the center of the emblem features a mosque with pulpit and flags
on either side, below the mosque are Eastern Arabic numerals for the solar year 1298 (1919 in the Gregorian calendar, the
year of Afghan independence from the UK); this central image is circled by a border consisting of sheaves of wheat on the
left and right, in the upper-center is an Arabic inscription of the Shahada (Muslim creed) below which are rays of the rising
sun over the Takbir (Arabic expression meaning "God is great"), and at bottom center is a scroll bearing the name
Afghanistan; black signifies the past, red is for the blood shed for independence, and green can represent either hope for the
future, agricultural prosperity, or Islam.”
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/afghanistan/#government
