Questions

Question 1:
Study case
A 62 year thin-old fat man was suffering from irregular heart pulses.
His random sugar test was around 340 mg/dl, but his liver tests were normal.
Amylase and Lipase are above normal.

Answer the following question

1) If he is a diabetic, what type of diabetes he has?
A) Type I
B) Type II
2) Do you think he suffers (with irregular heart pulses) from:
A) Hepatitis
B) Pancreatitis
c) Kidney problems

Question 2:
Match 10 from each column
Example: 2-H
1) Liver a) 70-99mg/dL
2) Dark Urine b) gene defect
3) ECG c) Sudden fast pain in a tooth
4) Blockage of the bile duct d) Intestinal diseases
5) Normal fasting sugar f) 23-85 U/L
6) Pericardium g) re-generation
7) Hepatitis D h) High concentration of bilirubin
8) Brain K) Two-layered membrane
9) Colon flora m) Echo
10) Amylase p) Pancreas inflammation
11) PTT t) 25-35 seconds
12) Hepatitis A w) Vitamin K
13) Angina x) Stroke
14) Enteritis z) Self-limited diseases

1) Liver - G
2) Dark Urine - H
3) ECG – M
4) Blockage of the bile duct -P
5) Normal fasting sugar- A
6) Pericardium -K
7) Hepatitis D - B
8) Brain - X

) 2019 / 3 / 24( ‫تأريخ اإلصدار‬ ) 2 ( ‫رقم اإلصدار‬ ) - ( :‫عدد الصفحات‬

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9) Colon flora - W
10) Amylase -F
11) PTT –T
12) Hepatitis A -Z
13) Angina - C
14) Enteritis – D
15) Pancreatic Cysts -dissolved

Question 3: Fill 10 blanks only

1) ------------------ is not related to life style (DM1, DM2, DM3).

2) Normal FBS is ------------------- of glucose.(70-100mg/dL, 120 mg/dL. 150 mg/dL)
3) Hepatitis --------------- stayed in the acute stage (A, D, B).
4) Narrow of coronary blood vessels is called ---------------------.(Arthrosclerosis, Acute,
Chronic).
5) Two -------------- membrane around the heart is called the pericardium (layers,
chondrium, pulsating).
6) ---------------------- is any damage affected the heart and its vessels (MI, IM, GM).
7) Extreme drinking of alcohol can causes ----------------------.(Hepatitis, Pancreatitis,
Kidney failure, all the above)
8) Heart muscles require -------------------------rich blood to nourish (blood, oxygen,
lymph, no).
9) HBA1c of ----------------- can be fatal to a human being (9.0, 5.0).
10) ------------------------can be controlled without using insulin.(DM1, DM2)
11) If any body organ is damaged, its ----------------- can be found in the blood at
higher levels than normal and used as indicators (enzymes, mitochondria, cytosol)
12) If ---------------------- is high, glucagon is low (insulin, adrenaline, somastin)
13) Colonic bacteria metabolize the bilirubin into colorless --------------- (urobilinogen,
somastin, conjugated bilirubin).

Q1. Match 10 points from each column

Example: 5-M
1) Cholesterol Stones - X a) Troponin
2) Glucagon - H b) Hypoglycemia
3) Diabetic HbA1c - W c) Specific marker for liver
4) Angina - P d) A Part of the large intestine
5) Cardiac markers - A f) MI
6) Diabetic shock - B g)
7) Duodenum, jejunum - M h) Insulin
8) Arthrosclerosis T K)
9) m) ileum
10) Heart diseases -F p) Sudden sharp quick pain
11) ALT -C t) Coronary arteries
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12) Colon D w) % (in percentage)
13) x) Gallstones
14) Acute Hepatitis E - Z z) Self-Limit

Q2. Medical case

A 54 year old woman was admitted to the hospital suspect to have hepatitis.

ALT and other liver tests were normal, but Amylase was a little high.

Answer the following questions

1) Does this woman have hepatitis? IF YES or NO, Explain
2) What type of disease she suffers from?
3) What other tests you can suggest?

Q1. Fill 10 blanks with suitable words:

2:1 14 Insulin
1:2 Fructose
Vomiting Glucose Glucagon
Breathing Enzymes DM2 DM1

1) HBA1c of 14 can be fatal to a human being.

2) DM2 can be controlled without using insulin.
3) any body organ is damaged, its Enzymes can be found in the blood at higher levels than
normal
4) If Insulin is high, glucagon is low
5) The body tolerates a deficiency in blood Glucose for a long time.
6) A high concentration of blood Sodium is due to diarrhea, in certain medical cases.
7) Colonic bacteria deconjugated and metabolize the bilirubin into colorless
urobilinogen,

Question 1

Fill 10 blanks with suitable words:

Toxoplasms Weak acids Heart Potassium
Diabetic Narrow Troponin Creatinine Kinase
Pericardium LDH ALT Strong acids
Hydrogen Infraction Cysts Colitis

1) Non-alcholic hepatitis is related to the ------------------------.

2) ---------------------is a specific liver malfunction indicator.
3) Sudden pain in the shoulder may related to -----------------------.
4) In random test, a ---------------------- person is usually has above 140mg/dL sugar.
5) ---------------------- can be formed inside the pancreas.
6) ---------------------- regulates acid-base balance.
7) --------------------------------can be one of the causes of pancreatitis.
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8) Arthrosclerosis means the coronary vessels are -------------------------.
9) The two layers membrane around the hearty is called the ------------------.
10) Oxygen rich blood is needed to feed the muscles of the ---------------------.
11) ----------------- bonds are the key force that maintains the structures of all biological
molecules.
12) Myocardial --------------- (MI) is any disease affected the heart.
13) -----------------------causes rectal bleeding and abdominal cramps.

Question 3
Write seven risk factors that may cause pancreatitis

Q1. Define five of the followings:

1) Glucagon, 2) Hypercarbia, 3) Alkalosis, 4) Leukocyte esterase,

5) Proteinuria, 6) Erythropoietin (EPO)

Q2. Write five normal levels with their units

1) Magnesium, 2) HbA1c (normal), 3) FBS (diabetic), 4) Creatinine clearance test,

5) Calcium, 6) Urine specific gravity.

Q3. Why blood produces more acids than produce more bases?

Q4. How insulin shock occurred (the cause of this shock?

Q5. Medical Case

A 7-year old child was admitted unconscious to the casualty department. He consumed
kerosene which it was stored in a lemonade plastic bottle.
The child is hyperventilated.
Blood results showed:
Sodium Normal
Potassium High
Chloride Normal
Bicarbonate Low
Glucose Normal
- Why potassium is high ?
- Why bicarbonate ions are low ?

Q6. Answer (True) or (False) to ten of the followings:

1) Any slight change in acid-base balance will cause health problems.

2) The buffers play important roles in eliminating excess acids only in the blood.
3) Metabolic acidosis occurs either when the body produces too much alkali, or when the
kidneys are able to remove it properly.
4) Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas.
5) Hypoglycemia and diabetes are conditions related to blood sugar levels.
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6) Magnesium cannot regulate acid-base homeostasis.
7) Glucose and proteins are reabsorbed in the kidney by (100%).
8) Collecting urine for 24h is only to measure its volume.
9) Substances that cause cloudiness in urine include body lotions and powders.
10) 1% protein in the urine is a healthy sign.
11) Leukocyte esterase is a specific kind of WBC (leukocytes) present in the kidney
and is part of its immunity system.
12) In malfunction kidney, nitrite converted into nitrate.
13) Hypernatremia is an increased concentration of sodium in the body.

Q1. Define five of the followings:

1) Electrolytes, 2) Hypernatremia, 3) Acid-base Balance, 4) Urea,

5) Pancreatic cysts, 6) alpha pancreatic cells.

Q2. Write five normal levels with their units

2) Sodium, 2) FBS (NORMAL), 3) Amylase, 4) Bicarbonate, 5) BUN,

Q3. Why blood pH remains stable after heavy exercises?

Q4. Enumerate five of the functions of the kidney (A WET BED).

Q5. Medical Case

A 28 year old man is admitted to the hospital with a week-long history of severe vomiting. He
was dehydrated with weak respiration.
Initial results are
Level
Na normal
K Low
Cl Low
HCO3 High
Urea High
Answer the followings:
- Why bicarbonate ions are high ?
- Why urea is high ?
- Why potassium and chloride are low?

Q6. Answer (True) or (False) to ten of the followings:

14) Blood alkalinity increases when the level of acidic compounds in the body
increases or when the level of alkaline compounds in the body decreases.
15) Acidosis and alkalosis are not diseases but rather are the result of a wide variety of
disorders.
16) The kidney is the only organ in the body that excretes free acids or free bases (as
liquids) from the body.
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17) Eight main cells are found in the islets of Langerhans of pancreas. They are: (α, β,
Δ, γ, ε, ζ, η, θ).
18) Athletics women can have a higher level of creatinine.
19) High percentage of RBCs in urine indicates inflammation.
20) A high decrease in Leukocyte esterase may indicate an inflammation in the kidney
since this enzyme is connected with leukocytes.
21) In malfunction kidney, nitrate converted into nitrite.
22) Large amounts of ascorbic acid in urine will interfere with the accuracy of some of
the urine results.
23) Sodium regulates acid-base balance.
24) Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories.
25) Alkalosis is indicates when the blood pH is 7.45.
26) Respiratory acidosis is associated with vomiting and diarrhea.

Q1. Define five of the followings:

2) Insulin, 2) Hyponatremia, 3) Acidiosis, 4) Creatinine, 5) Ketonuria,

6) Glomerulus.

Q2. Write five normal levels with their units

3) Potassium, 2) Random sugar test (diabetic), 3) HbA1c (diabetic), 4) eGFR,

5) Chloride, 6) Phosphorous

Q3. What it means (explain) if the blood pH is above 7.45 or below 7.35 ?

Q4. Why deficiency of insulin is better than its increase?

Q5. Medical Case

A blood sample has been taken from a 44 year old woman on the medical ward and the results
were as followed in (1st reading). When the blood sampling repeated immediately, it gives
(2nd reading).

Plasma 1st reading Repeated (2nd reading)

Sodium normal Normal
Potassium High Normal
Urea normal Normal
Creatinine normal Normal
Calcium Very low Normal
Comment on the case

Q6. Answer (True) or (False) to Ten of the followings:

1) Hydrogen bonds are the key force that maintains the structures of all biological
molecules.
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2) The brain (or the central nervous system-CNS-) is not responsible for regulating acid-
base balance. It is the responsibility of the liver.
3) Respiratory acidosis caused by a number of factors, including: Hyperventilation (slow
breathing) which commonly occurs with anxiety.
4) A pancreatic cyst may sometimes resolve (dissolved) on its own.
5) Kidney Cancer is known as (the silent killer).
6) If glucose is needed, all cells in the body will supply glucose to the blood especially if
blood is invaded and the immunity system is weak.
7) Metformin's main effect is to decrease glucose production. It also permits cells to absorb
glucose from the blood.
8) The blood sugar level decreases (hypoglycemia) for many reasons, including eating too
much or drinking soft drinks.
9) If the kidneys are not functioning, creatinine will accumulate in the blood.
10) 1% white blood cells are normally present in urine.
11) Too much or too little sodium in cells can be fatal.
12) Potassium regulates acid-base homeostasis.
13) The accumulation of calcium ions will harm the body.