Theme A Unity and Diversity Named Examples (Species)
Syllabus Statement Named Species (Common Brief Content
name and Binomial)
A1.1.6 Black-throated loon (Gavia Physical properties of water
arctica), Ringed seal (Pusa and their consequences for
hispida) aquatic animals
A2.2.5 Bacillus, Staphylococcus Prokaryotic cell structure in
Gram-positive eubacteria
A2.3.2 Bacteriophage lambda, Diversity in viral structure
Coronavirus, HIV
A2.3.3 Bacteriophage lambda Lytic cycle of a virus
A2.3.4 Bacteriophage lambda Lysogenic cycle of a virus
A2.3.6 Influenza virus, HIV Rapid evolution in viruses
A4.1.7 Bonobo (Pan paniscus), Geographical isolation and
Common chimpanzee (Pan speciation across the Congo
troglodytes) River
A4.1.10 Mule Sterility of interspecific
hybrids
A4.1.11 Knotweed/Smartweed Abrupt speciation in plants
(Genus Persicaria) by hybridization and
polyploidy
A4.2.3 North Island giant moa Case studies of species
(Dinornis novaezealandiae), extinction
Caribbean monk seal
(Neomonachus tropicalis),
Theme B Form and Function (named examples)
Syllabus Ref Named Species (Common Brief Content
name & Binomial)
B4.1.2 Grass: Marram grass Adaptations to abiotic
(*Ammophila arenaria*) conditions in sand dunes
Tree: Mangrove tree and mangrove swamps
(*Rhizophora* sp.)
B4.1.5 Coral (*Anthozoa* class) Conditions required for
coral reef formation
B4.1.8 Examples of plant and
animal adaptations to life in
hot deserts and tropical
rainforests
B4.2.5 Euglena (*Euglena* sp.) Mixotrophic nutrition—
both autotrophic and
heterotrophic modes
B4.2.8 Human (*Homo sapiens*), Skull dentition and dietary
Homo floresiensis, inference in hominids
Paranthropus robustus
B3.3.1 One Sessile Comparison of movement in
motile and sessile
One Motile organisms
B3.3.9 3 examples Reasons for locomotion:
foraging, danger avoidance,
mating, migration
B3.3.10 Marine mammals (e.g., Adaptations for swimming:
Whale, *Balaenoptera* sp.) streamlining, flippers,
flukes, airway adaptations
Theme C: Interaction and interdependence
Syllabus Ref. Named Species (Common Brief Content
name and Binomial)
C2.1.2 Vibrio fischeri (marine Quorum sensing in bacteria,
bioluminescent bacterium) illustrated with
bioluminescence.
C2.1.11 Homo sapiens (human) – Insulin binds to receptors
insulin hormone triggering a
phosphorylation cascade in
glucose regulation.
C2.1.12 Oestradiol, progesterone, Steroid hormones bind to
testosterone intracellular receptors to
influence gene expression.
C3.1.2 Cheetah (*Acinonyx System integration
jubatus*) illustrated with predator
adaptation.
C3.2.15 Tuberculosis Zoonoses—transmissible
(Mycobacterium diseases from animals to
tuberculosis), Rabies humans.
(Rabies virus), Japanese
Encephalitis (JE virus),
COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2)
C4.1.8 Duckweed (*Lemna* sp.), Sigmoid population growth
Yeast (*Saccharomyces modeling; real organisms
cerevisiae*) used for data collection.
C4.1.12 - Legumes with root Mutualism examples
nodules (e.g., *Pisum showing mutual benefit in
sativum*) interspecific relationships.
- Orchids (*Orchidaceae*)
- Hard corals with
zooxanthellae
(*Symbiodinium* sp.)
C4.1.13 Invasive vs. endemic
species—student to select a
local example.
C4.1.16 Predator-prey relationships
as density-dependent
population control—
student to choose a case
study.
C4.1.18 Allelopathy and antibiotic
secretion—student to
provide examples (e.g.,
*Juglans nigra*,
Penicillium).
C4.2.7 Iron-oxidizing bacteria Example of
(*Acidithiobacillus chemoautotrophs using
ferrooxidans*) oxidation reactions for
energy.
Theme D Continuity and Change (Named examples)
Syllabus Statement Named Species Brief Content
D2.1.10 Human (Homo sapiens) Down syndrome as an
example of an error in
meiosis (non-disjunction).
D3.2.7 Human (Homo sapiens) Phenylketonuria (PKU)
caused by a mutation in an
autosomal gene coding for a
specific enzyme.
D3.2.9 Human (Homo sapiens) ABO blood groups as an
example of multiple alleles.
D3.2.10 Marvel of Peru (Mirabilis Example of incomplete
jalapa) dominance in flower colour
inheritance.
D3.2.12 Human (Homo sapiens) Haemophilia as an example
of a sex-linked disorder.
D3.2.14 Human (Homo sapiens) Skin colour as an example
of continuous variation
from polygenic inheritance.
D4.1.7 Sexual selection in animals;
example required such as
birds of paradise (user to
specify).
D4.1.8 Guppy (Poecilia reticulata) Endler’s experiments with
guppies used to model
natural and sexual
selection.
D4.3.4 Emperor penguin Polar habitat loss due to
(Aptenodytes forsteri); melting of landfast and sea
Walrus (Odobenus ice.
rosmarus)
D4.3.6 Montane birds in New Poleward and upslope
Guinea; North American range shifts of temperate
trees species due to climate
change.
D4.3.7 Corals (various species) Threats to coral reefs
including acidification and
coral bleaching.
D4.3.10 Arctic mouse-ear chickweed Disruption of synchrony of
(Cerastium arcticum); phenological events due to
Reindeer (Rangifer climate change.
tarandus); Great tit (Parus
major)
D4.3.11 Spruce bark beetle (Ips Increased insect life cycles
typographus or per year due to climate
Dendroctonus micans) change.
