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Glomerular Diseases

Glomerular diseases are kidney disorders affecting the glomeruli, leading to decreased kidney function and abnormal urine substances. They can arise from immune responses, infections, metabolic disorders, genetic factors, and toxins, with types including acute glomerulonephritis, chronic glomerulonephritis, and diabetic nephropathy. Management involves controlling underlying conditions, medications, dietary changes, dialysis, and potential surgical interventions like kidney biopsy or transplantation.

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Eman Abbass
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21 views3 pages

Glomerular Diseases

Glomerular diseases are kidney disorders affecting the glomeruli, leading to decreased kidney function and abnormal urine substances. They can arise from immune responses, infections, metabolic disorders, genetic factors, and toxins, with types including acute glomerulonephritis, chronic glomerulonephritis, and diabetic nephropathy. Management involves controlling underlying conditions, medications, dietary changes, dialysis, and potential surgical interventions like kidney biopsy or transplantation.

Uploaded by

Eman Abbass
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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L3

Nursing dialysis Lecturer: Eman A. Ahmed


Second class students / Dialysis department M. Sc. N. in pediatric

Glomerular Diseases

Definition

Glomerular diseases refer to a group of kidney disorders that primarily affect the
glomeruli, the tiny filtering units within the kidneys. These conditions can lead to a
decline in kidney function and the presence of abnormal substances in urine.

Causes and Etiology

Glomerular diseases can be caused by various factors, including:

 Immune Responses: Autoimmune diseases like lupus or vasculitis.


 Infections: Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, viral infections (e.g., HIV,
hepatitis).
 Metabolic Disorders: Diabetes mellitus leading to diabetic nephropathy.
 Genetic Factors: Hereditary conditions like Alport syndrome.
 Toxins and Drugs: Nephrotoxic agents such as certain antibiotics or nonsteroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

Types of Glomerular Diseases

1. Acute Glomerulonephritis
o Definition: Sudden inflammation of the glomeruli, often following
infections.
o Pathophysiology: Immune complex deposition leads to inflammation and
impaired filtration.
2. Chronic Glomerulonephritis

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Nursing dialysis
Second class students / Dialysis department

o Definition: Long-term inflammation resulting in gradual loss of kidney


function.
o Pathophysiology: Ongoing damage leads to scarring and fibrosis of the
glomeruli.
3. Minimal Change Disease
o Definition: Common in children; characterized by nephrotic syndrome with
minimal findings on biopsy.
o Pathophysiology: Likely involves T-cell dysregulation leading to podocyte
injury.
4. Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)
o Definition: Scarring in some glomeruli; can be primary or secondary.
o Pathophysiology: Injury to podocytes leads to scarring and proteinuria.
5. Membranous Nephropathy
o Definition: Thickening of the glomerular basement membrane; can be
idiopathic or secondary.
o Pathophysiology: Immune-mediated damage results in membrane
thickening and protein leakage.
6. Diabetic Nephropathy
o Definition: Kidney damage due to long-standing diabetes mellitus.
o Pathophysiology: Hyperglycemia leads to glomerular hyperfiltration,
damage, and fibrosis.

Medical Management

 Control of Underlying Conditions:


o Manage blood pressure (e.g., ACE inhibitors).
o Control blood sugar in diabetes.
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Nursing dialysis
Second class students / Dialysis department

 Medications:
o Corticosteroids: To reduce inflammation in conditions like minimal
change disease.
o Immunosuppressants: For autoimmune-related glomerular diseases.
o Diuretics: To manage edema and fluid retention.
 Dietary Management:
o Low-protein diet in chronic kidney disease.
o Sodium restriction to manage hypertension.
 Dialysis: For patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

Surgical Management

 Kidney Biopsy: Often performed to determine the type and severity of glomerular
disease.
 Renal Transplant: Considered for patients with ESRD who are candidates for
transplantation.

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