9 Social Science Economics Chapter 2 People as Resource

Question-1. What do you understand by ‘people as a resource’?

Ans. ‘People as Resource’ refers to the working people in terms of their productive skills and abilities.
Human resource is an asset for the economy rather than a liability. Population becomes human capital
when there is investment made in the form of education, training and medical care.

Question-2. How is human resource different from other resources like land and physical capital?

Ans Human resource is different in the following ways:

1. Land and other resources are fixed, limited and specified whereas human resources can be nurtured
through education and health.

2. Human resources can bring a change in other resources whereas other resources can not change or
affect human resource.

3. Human resource can make use of land and physical capital whereas land and physical capital can not
become useful on its own.

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Question-3. What is the role of education in human capital formation?

Ans. Educated people find jobs in private firms while the uneducated people continue with the same
work as their parents. They earn a meagre income like their parents, which is not enough to support a
family. Several years of education adds to the quality of labour. This increases their total productivity. It
is a known fact that with investments made on education and health; one can yield a high return in the
future in the form of higher earnings and greater contribution to society.

Question-4. What is the role of health in human capital formation?

Ans. The role of health in human capital formation is as follows:

1. Healthier people have higher productivity because the health of a person has good potential and the
ability to fight illness. On the other hand, an unhealthy person becomes a liability for an organisation.

2. It improves the quality of life. A healthy person is able to do his work in a proper and efficient way.

3. A healthy person makes greater contribution to society as compared to an unhealthy person.

4. Good health enables a person to earn more and to be more regular in his work.

Question-5. What part does health play in the individual’s working life?

Ans. Health plays a very important role in an individual’s life because as we all know health is wealth
and only a healthy person can work or perform to his full potential. An unhealthy person can not work
efficiently. A healthy person is able to work harder and better, thus, earning more and living a better life.
If the body is healthy, only then one can perform well. So, we can say that health plays a vital role in an
individual’s life.

Question-6. What are the various activities are undertaken in the primary sector, secondary sector and
tertiary sector?

Ans. The various activities have been classified into three main sectors i.e., primary, secondary and
tertiary. The primary sector includes agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishing, poultry farming,
and mining.

The secondary sector including quarrying and manufacturing

Tertiary sector including Trade, transport, communication, banking, education, health, tourism, services,
insurance etc.

Question-7. What is the difference between economic activities and non-economic activities?

Ans. 1. Economic Activities :- The activities in the third sector result in the production of goods and
services. These activities add the value in the income. The economic activities have two parts market
activity and non Market activities

Market activities involve remuneration to anyone who performs. People visiting places of worship,
providing relief to the victims of flood and earthquake, engaging in sports activities, gardening, listening
to radio or watching television are all examples of non-economic activities

Non-market activities are the production for self-consumption. The three activities most often reported
are cleaning, cooking, and childminding.

2. Non economic activities:- The Activities, which are not performed to earn money but to get some
satisfaction, are called non-economic activities. These activities add value to the national income.

Question-8. Why are women employed in low paid work?

Ans. Women are paid for their work when they enter the labour market. Their earning, like that of
their male counterpart, is determined on the basis of education and skill. A majority of the women have
meager education and low skill formation and hence women are paid low compared to men. Most
women work where job security is not there.

Question-9. How will you explain the term unemployment?

Ans. Unemployment is said to exist when people are willing to work at the going wages but cannot
find jobs.

Question-10. What is the difference between disguised unemployment and seasonal unemployment?

Ans. Disguised Unemployment :- . In case of disguised unemployment, people appear to be employed

but they are not actually employed. Sometimes, in agricultural families, eight people are working on a
farm, whereas only four people are needed to do that work. Thus, four persons are surplus and they are
not needed on the farm. They also do not help to increase the production. If these four extra persons
are removed from the farm, the production from the farm will not decrease. Therefore, these four
persons appear to be employed but are actually disguisedly unemployed.

Seasonal Unemployment. :- Seasonal unemployment happens when people are not able to find jobs
during some months of the year. People dependent upon agriculture usually face such problems. There
are certain busy seasons when sowing, harvesting, weeding and threshing are done. When the plants
are growing, there is not much work. During this period, they remain unemployed and are said to be
seasonally unemployed.

Question-11. Why is educated unemployed, a peculiar problem of India?

Ans. In the case of India educated unemployment has become a common phenomenon. Many youths
with matriculation, graduation and post-graduation degrees are not able to find jobs. A study shows that
the unemployment of graduates and post-graduate has increased faster than among matriculates. This
kind of manpower is witnessed as a surplus educated manpower in certain categories.

Question-12. In which field do you think India can build the maximum employment opportunity?

Ans. Since agriculture is the backbone of India, India can build maximum employment opportunities in
agriculture-based industries.

Question-13. Can you imagine some village that initially had no job opportunities but later came up with
many?

Ans Some of the measures in the education system to mitigate the problem of the educated
unemployed are:
1. Vocational education should be encouraged so that people do not have difficulty getting jobs because
they will be better trained for work.

2. More use of information technology should be made in giving education.

3. Education should be job-oriented.

4. More employment opportunities should be made available to the educated people in the tertiary
sector.

Question-14. Which capital would you consider the best — land, labour, physical capital and human
capital? Why?

Ans. The capital I consider the best in Human Capital because there are countries like Japan that have
invested in human resources as they did not have any natural resources. These countries are developed
and rich countries. They import the natural resource needed in their country. They have invested in
people especially in the field of education and health. These people have made efficient use of other
resources like land and capital. Efficiency and technology evolved by people have made these countries
rich and developed.