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The document provides an overview of computer networks, defining them as interconnected devices that facilitate communication and resource sharing. It categorizes networks into types such as LAN, MAN, WAN, PAN, and WLAN, and discusses various network topologies including bus, star, ring, mesh, and hybrid. Additionally, it outlines the OSI model's seven layers and describes basic networking devices like routers, switches, hubs, modems, access points, and firewalls.

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37 views3 pages

Document

The document provides an overview of computer networks, defining them as interconnected devices that facilitate communication and resource sharing. It categorizes networks into types such as LAN, MAN, WAN, PAN, and WLAN, and discusses various network topologies including bus, star, ring, mesh, and hybrid. Additionally, it outlines the OSI model's seven layers and describes basic networking devices like routers, switches, hubs, modems, access points, and firewalls.

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sara.css3x
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to Computer Networks

Page 1: What is a Computer Network?

A computer network is a collection of interconnected devices that can communicate and share
resources. Networking allows for file sharing, internet access, communication, and resource
management.

Networks can be wired or wireless, depending on the medium used for communication.

Common purposes of networking include improving communication, data sharing, remote access, and
cost efficiency.

Page 2: Types of Computer Networks

LAN (Local Area Network): Covers a small geographic area like a home, office, or school.

MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): Spans a city or campus and is larger than LAN.

WAN (Wide Area Network): Covers large geographic areas and connects multiple LANs (e.g., the
Internet).

PAN (Personal Area Network): A network for personal devices, typically within a few meters.

WLAN (Wireless LAN): A LAN that uses wireless communication technologies like Wi-Fi.

Page 3: Network Topologies

Network topology refers to the arrangement of nodes and connections in a network:

Bus Topology: All devices are connected to a single backbone cable.

Star Topology: Devices are connected to a central hub or switch.

Ring Topology: Devices form a closed loop; data travels in one direction.
Mesh Topology: Every device is connected to every other device.

Hybrid Topology: Combination of two or more topologies.

Page 4: OSI Model

The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) Model standardizes networking into 7 layers:

Physical: Transmission of raw data bits (cables, switches)

Data Link: MAC addressing, error detection (Ethernet)

Network: Routing and forwarding (IP addresses)

Transport: End-to-end communication (TCP/UDP)

Session: Manages sessions between applications

Presentation: Data translation and encryption

Application: Interface for the user (browsers, email)

Page 5: Basic Networking Devices

Router: Connects different networks and directs data packets.

Switch: Connects devices within a LAN and filters traffic based on MAC addresses.
Hub: Basic device that broadcasts data to all connected devices.

Modem: Modulates and demodulates signals for internet access over telephone lines.

Access Point: Provides wireless connectivity in a network.

Firewall: Monitors and controls incoming/outgoing network traffic for security

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