HOW TO PLAN, SHOOT, EDIT AND EXPORT VIDEO CONTENT

VIDEO PRODUCTION 101

Wynand Louw
Head of Creative & Content, POP24
AGENDA
- Video production overview
- Camera
- Lighting
- Sound
- Post production
VIDEO PRODUCTION
BASICS
PLAN, EQUIPMENT, SETUP, RECORD, POST
HOW TO APPROACH A SHOOT STEP-BY-STEP:
- Video production follows a few basic steps (each point will be expanded on later):
- Plan your shoot and your content
- Source the necessary equipment
- Setup for the shoot & set your style
- Record your video
- Edit and shape your video in post
- Export and deliver/upload

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
PLAN SOURCE SETUP RECORD EDIT EXPORT
 STEP ONE: PLAN
- Di erent types of content require di erent kinds of planning
- But all content requires planning
- What is the goal?
- Who is the audience?
- What is the structure?
- Intro, body and outro
- What is the look and feel?
- Who is doing what?
- Do you need help or is it a solo shoot
- Once all planning has been completed, most of the work is out of the way
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STEP TWO: EQUIPMENT
- Don’t get too bogged down in getting fancy equipment
- The best camera is the one you already have
- What kinds of equipment is needed for a shoot?
- Camera
- Depending on the kind of camera, you might also need lenses
- Lights
- Lighting makes the biggest di erence!
- Microphone and sound recording device
- Bad audio is worse than bad video…
- Grips (nice to haves)
- Tripods, lighting stands, mic stands, etc.
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STEP THREE: SETUP
- Second most important step after planning
- What goes where
- This is where your look & feel planning comes to life
- The space and setup can make a bad video good
- What to look for:
- Depth in a space
- Noise isolation
- Natural lighting (if you aren’t adding lighting)
- Light control (if you are adding lighting)
- Personality
STEP THREE: SETUP

Avoid bright backgrounds Avoid clutter and compression A good use of a small space
STEP FOUR: RECORD
- The physical production of video takes place
- The red lights ash and it’s time to perform
- With good planning this will be the easiest step
- Basic protocol:
- Check your setup and make sure everything is correct
- Do a rehearsal or dry run
- Slate or mark you footage (will help later)
- Do a test recording clip
- Tackle your content section by section
- Review your footage before striking your equipment
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 STEP FIVE: EDIT
- This can be the most di cult part
- This is where your video really takes shape
- Becomes more important the longer your videos become
- Basic steps
- Ingest your data
- Add to a NLE or other editing software (many free options available)
- Synch your footage and sound
- Start cutting (remove the u and tighten)
- Re ne your cut
- Review your cut
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STEP SIX: EXPORT
- Once everything has been wrapped and reviewed
- Export according to the platform you are using
- Bigger les does not mean better quality!
- Getting an export right is important
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CAMERA 101
TIPS AND TRICKS, THE TRIANGLE, LENSING
SHOULD I WORRY ABOUT THE CAMERA I AM USING?
-No
-The best camera is the one you already have
-Cellphones are great cameras and are easy to use
- You can get good video out of almost any cellphone with the right settings
-The camera only matters if you have speci c needs
-What are the common kinds of cameras?
- Mirrorless cameras
- Digital Single Lens Re ex cameras (DSRLs)
- Action cameras
- Cinema cameras
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WHAT ARE THE COMMON KINDS OF CAMERAS?
- Mirrorless cameras
- Digital Single Lens Re ex cameras (DSRLs)
- Action cameras
- Cinema cameras
- Cellphones
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WHAT ARE THE IMPORTANT SETTINGS?
- The Holy Trinity of camera settings are:
1. ISO
2. Aperture
3. Shutter speed
- Each one of these settings a ects the other settings
- Choose the one that is most important to your look and feel
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ISO
-ISO stands for “International Organization for Standardization”
- You don’t need to know or remember this
-This refers to how sensitive your camera sensor is to light
-A high ISO will make your footage bright, but will also add grain
-A low ISO will make your footage dark, but it will be clean
-If you are shooting with a video camera, stick to the base ISO
-If you are shooting with a cellphone, stick to the base ISO
-If you are shooting with a potato, stick to the base ISO
-What is base ISO?
- Lowest native ISO on your camera, gives you the potential to produce the highest
image quality, minimizing the visibility of noise as much as possible
ISO
 APERTURE
- The opening in a lens through which light passes to enter the camera
- It is like the iris in your eyes
- Bigger iris = more light coming in
- Smaller iris = less light coming in
- Indicated by a F number on your camera or lens
- The smaller the aperture, the bigger the F number
- The bigger the aperture, the smaller the F number
- E ects depth of eld, or what is in and out of focus in your video or photo
- A bigger F number will give you deeper focus
- A smaller F number will give you shallower focus
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APERTURE
SHUTTER SPEED
-Length of time a shutter is exposing light from outside world the camera sensor
- How long your camera spends taking a photo
-Shutter speed a ects the sharpness of your image
- Longer shutter speeds give you motion blur
- Shorter shutter speeds freeze your motion
-This is the setting that usually goes unchanged in video
- Shutter speed in video is e ected by the frame rate
- You cannot have a shutter speed slower than your frame rate
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LENSING
LENSING
LENSING
- Two main kinds of lenses:
- Primes
- Zoom
- Lens e ects depth of eld
- Wide lenses give you more depth of eld (how much is in focus)
- Telephoto lenses give you less depth of eld (how much is in focus)
- Aperture (part of the exposure triangle) is dictated by your lens
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BEST SETTINGS FOR VIDEO ON PHONES
-Resolution
- Shoot in 4k where possible, even if you are delivering in HD (downscale)
-Motion blur
- Set your frame rate to 24fps or 25fps (will give you a cinematic look)
-White balance
- Lock your white balance in settings (auto white balance changes too often)
-Stabilisation
- Turn your stabilisation o (your phone crops in if it is turned on)
-Format
- Shoot in ProRes4222 on iPhone, or H.264 on Android
-Colour space
- Shoot in Log where possible, but will need colour correction in post production
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LIGHTING 101
TYPES, IMPACT
LIGHTING
- There are two kinds of lighting
- Direct lighting
- Direct lighting is also referred to hard lighting
- Indirect lighting
- Indirect lighting is also referred to as soft lighting
- Direct lighting gives you dark and sharp shadows
- Ideal for dramatic scenes
- Indirect lighting gives you softer en lighter shadows
- Ideal for beauty shoots and portraits
 LIGHTING
- One of the most important aspects of adding quality to a video production
- You don’t need fancy equipment, just some basic skills
- Hard light is only very seldomly the right option
- Soft light can be created by:
- Bounce
- Di usion
- Low intensity
- The best setup for basic lighting is a three point setup:
- Key light
- Back light
- Fill light
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 THREE POINT LIGHTING BACK LIGHT SEPARATES THE SUBJECT
FROM THE BACKGROUND

ADDS DETAILS AND FILLS IN MAIN LIGHT SOURCE FOR

UNWANTED SHADOWS FROM
KEY LIGHT
FILL LIGHT KEY LIGHT THE SUBJECT
LIGHTING
- You don’t need to buy any lights
- A torch, lamp or ceiling light can do great things
- A shower curtain, polyester board, egg crate and mirror can do a lot
- A shower curtain di uses light
- A poly board bounces light
- An egg create di uses and bounces light
- A mirror re ects light
- The most basic of setups for a quick video is a ring light
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SOUND 101
WHY & HOW
SOUND
- Studies show that audiences will watch content that has bad video, but not content that
has bad audio
- It is always best to use a dedicated microphone
- Lavalier mics go on your body
- Directional or omnidirectional mics go on a stand or boom
- Good sound will make your video stand out
SOUND
SOUND
POST 101
EDIT, CORRECT & EXPORT
POST
- Last step in the production chain
- This is where you video takes shape
- There are many apps that you can use, choose the one you like the most
- Some recommendations
- DaVinci Resolve (free)
- ShotCut (free)
- CapCut (free)
- OpenShot (free)
- Adobe Premier (subscription based)
WHAT GOES INTO POST?
- You add all of your footage and start crafting the video
- You add graphics if needed
- You add sound e ects and music if needed
- You add colour if shot in Log (this is called colour grading)
- You mix your sound (very important if you add music)
- You export your video
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POST WORKFLOW
INGEST FOOTAGE ORGANISE TRIM & ASSEMBLE START CUTTING

ADD GRAPHICS PICTURE LOCK COLOUR GRADING EXPORT

ADD SOUND FX & MUSIC SOUND MIX