PAINTINGS
Melchor M. Famisan, CE, D. Eng. 1
TOPIC OUTLINE
Paint
Painting Coverage
Masonry Wall
Ceiling/Partition Wall
Roofing
Melchor M. Famisan, CE, D. Eng. 2
INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the lesson, the students shall be able to:
Describe the different types of paints and its companion
products.
Identify the painting materials for various applications.
Familiarize the coverage area of the different painting
materials.
Estimate the required quantity of painting materials for
masonry wall, ceiling/partition wall, and roofing
applications.
Melchor M. Famisan, CE, D. Eng. 3
PAINT
Paint is commonly referred to as a coating applied to a surface or
substrate to decorate, to protect, or to perform some other specialized
functions.
Paint is composed of:
1. Pigment – the coloring element which may be opaque, white or
colored; and
2. Vehicle – the oils or resins that hold the pigment in suspension
Before the surface is painted or coated, it must be thoroughly cleaned,
allowed to dry or cured. Then it is given a coat of primer, sealer,
conditioner, or any curing agent appropriate for the surface to be painted.
The sealer, primer or undercoating should be compatible or suited to the
topcoat finish to be applied.
Melchor M. Famisan, CE, D. Eng. 4
DESCRIPTION OF PAINTS AND COMPANION PRODUCTS
Oil-base Paints – those paints where oil is used as the vehicle. They are
slow drying and exude their particular odors during and even after the
painting work is already punished. Paints under this group are thinned
with turpentine and mineral spirits.
Alkyd Paints – resin is the vehicle used in paints under this group, They
dry faster, give tough protective covering and can be applied easily. The
painted surface is easily cleaned by washing and almost odorless.
Emulsion Paints – under this group, the elements present in the paint
are emulsified in water instead of thinners. Emulsion paints can be used
over damp areas, are easily applied and adhere satisfactorily on
chalking surfaces, they are almost odorless, dry early and sometimes,
one coat of the paint is enough. An example of emulsion paint is the
latex paint where water is used as a thinner.
Catalyzed Coatings – paints which contains epoxy and polyurethane
that set by chemical action and not thru evaporation of solvents and
thinners. These paints produce the toughest and most durable finishes.
Melchor M. Famisan, CE, D. Eng. 5
Enamel Paints – formulated by grinding or mixing of pigments with
varnishes or lacquers which can withstand weather and tear. Enamels
are available for both interior and exterior applications giving gloss,
semi-gloss or flat finishes.
Thinners – solvents added to paint where necessary, to make the
pigment vehicle attain the proper spreading consistency and desired
drying time, or when a thin coat of paint is desired. They are also used
for cleaning the equipment and tools employed in painting and for
removing spatters of paint on affected areas.
Primer – the first coat of paint applied over the surface. It seals the
pores of the material, thereby preventing uneven absorption of the
topcoat paint. The primer coat also ensures better adhesion of the
topcoat to the painted area. In addition, metal primers inhibit rust.
Melchor M. Famisan, CE, D. Eng. 6
BRIEF SPECIFICATIONS OF COMMONLY USED PAINTS
Flatwall Enamel – a topcoat that gives a flat or eggshell finish. It is
recommended for use on new or previously painted interior walls,
ceilings, mouldings, plaster, wallboard, metal or wood. It is thinned with
paint thinner.
Semi-gloss Enamel – a topcoat finish that gives a semi-gloss surface
appropriate for application on wood, metal and properly primed
masonry surfaces. It is thinned with paint thinner.
Quick Drying Enamel – an alkyd-base paint that dries fast and is
recommended for application on exterior and interior walls, wood and
woodworks, furniture, etc. It is thinned with paint thinner.
Exterior Gloss latex Paint – topcoat appropriate for application on new
and prepared, primed exterior wood surfaces. It is formulated to impart
extra gloss and durability to the surfaces on which it is applied,
specially against weather and atmospheric conditions. It is thinned with
water.
Melchor M. Famisan, CE, D. Eng. 7
Lacquer Primer Surfaces – specially formulated to serve as a foundation
for lacquer finish coats on metal surfaces of industrial and residential
structures, cars, vehicles, and other metal products. Coverage: 30 to 45
square meter 4 liter can.
Red Lead Primer – recommended for use on iron and steel surfaces as it
contains pigment that inhibits rust. It is thinned with paint thinner.
Coverage: 30 to 40 square meter 4 liter can.
Zinc Chromate primer – ideal for application as the first coat on
aluminum, galvanized iron and steel surfaces. It has exceptional
adhesion and anti-corrosion properties. It is thinned with paint thinner.
Coverage: 30 to 40 square meter 4 liter can.
Melchor M. Famisan, CE, D. Eng. 8
CONCRETE/MASONRY NEUTRALIZER
A solution produced by mixing
liquid from neutralizer with the
proper amount of water as
recommended by the manufacturer.
It has the property to counteract
lime activity in concrete and
plastered surfaces.
Melchor M. Famisan, CE, D. Eng. 9
MASONRY SEALER
Serves as protective
barrier against
moisture and salt which
cause efflorescence
Corrects surface
imperfections
Eliminates crack lines
and rough surfaces
Covers pinholes
Melchor M. Famisan, CE, D. Eng. 10
PRIMER
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TOPCOAT PAINTS AND TINTING COLORS FOR MASONRY WALLS
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ROOF PAINTS
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ACCESSORIES
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PAINTING COVERAGE
Paints and other surface coatings are estimated using the formula:
Surface Area × Number of Coats
= Quantity of Paint required
Coverage of Paint
Mixing ratio of neutralizer = 1 liter of neutralizer:2.5 gallons of water
1 bag of skim coat = 20 kilogram
COVERAGE AREA OF VARIOUS PAINTING MATERIALS FOR MASONRY WALL
Coverage area of neutralizer solution: 30 square meter per gallon of
neutralizer solution
Coverage area of skim coat: 2 to 5 square meter per kilogram
Coverage area of primer paint = 30 to 40 square meter per gallon
Coverage area of topcoat = 30 per square meter per gallon (1st coating)
Coverage area of topcoat = 40 per square meter per gallon (2nd coating)
Melchor M. Famisan, CE, D. Eng. 15
MASONRY WALL
PAINTING APPLICATION
1. Clean the wall with spatula.
2. Apply masonry wall neutralizer. Note that Neutralizer is not
necessary if the plastering of the wall is cured for 28 days.
3. Apply skim coat.
4. Apply acrylic latex primer paint
5. Apply acrylic gloss/semi-gloss latex paint for topcoat/final coat.
ESTIMATING PROCEDURE
1. Find the surface area of the wall to be painted.
2. Compute the required number of gallons of neutralizer.
3. Calculate the required number of bags of skim coat. Skim coat is
usually applied in two layers.
4. Compute the required number of gallons of primer paint.
5. Calculate the required number of gallons of topcoat. Usually two
layers.
Melchor M. Famisan, CE, D. Eng. 16
CEILING/PARTITION WALL
PAINTING APPLICATION
1. Apply gypsum putty.
2. Apply wood primer paint.
3. Apply quick drying paint for topcoat/final coat.
ESTIMATING PROCEDURE
1. Find the surface area of the ceiling/partition wall to be painted.
2. Calculate the required number of bags of gypsum putty. Coverage
area: 25 to 30 square meter per gallon.
3. Compute the required number of gallons of primer paint. Coverage
area: 30 to 40 square meter per gallon
4. Calculate the required number of gallons of topcoat paint (Quick
drying Enamel). Coverage area: 30 to 40 square meter per gallon.
5. Compute the required number of liters of paint thinner. Usually one-
half liter per gallon of paint.
Melchor M. Famisan, CE, D. Eng. 17
SAMPLE PROBLEM #
Estimate the necessary painting materials for the interior side of masonry walls
and ceiling as shown.
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ROOFING
PAINTING APPLICATION
1. Choose a nice day to paint.
2. Apply a coat of primer to roof surface.
3. Once the primer is dry, apply a coat of paint to the roof surface.
ESTIMATING PROCEDURE
1. Find the surface area of the roof to be painted.
2. Compute the required number of gallons of roof primer. Coverage:
30 to 35 square meter per gallon.
3. Calculate the required number of gallons of roof paint. Coverage: 30
to 35 square meter per gallon.
Melchor M. Famisan, CE, D. Eng. 19
REFERENCES
Dagostino, Frank R. and Peterson, Steven J. (2011).
Estimating in Building Construction, 7th edition. New Jersey:
Prentice Hall
Fajardo, Max Jr. (2000). Simplified Construction Estimate.
Philippines: Merchandising Publisher.
Tagayun, Vicente A. (2002). Estimating Bill of Materials: Sta.
Mesa, Manila
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