MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL

EDUCATION

(MUMBAI)

Project Report

on

“ << Wildlife conversion app >>”

Submitted by

Student Name Seat No

1. Vishal rajesh bhoye (508386)

2 .Vedika pandit Jadhav (508382)

3. Priyanka bahiru jadhav (508381)

4 .Harshad rajiv shinde (508420)

5.Nandu santosh pawar (508412)

Guided by: << Prof.V.N.Lawand >>

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING

SHATABDI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, AGASKHIND,
NASHIK(2024-25)

1
 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING

SHATABDI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, AGASKHIND,

NASHIK.

(2024-25)

CERTIFICATE

Certified that the project report entitled ― Wildlife conversion

app” has been successfully completed by:

1.Vishal rajesh bhoye. (508386)

2.Vedika pandit jadhav (508382)
3.Priyanka bahiru jadhav (508381)
4.Harshad rajiv shinde (508420)
5.Nandu santosh pawar(508412)
As partial fulfillment of Diploma course in Computer Engineering under the
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education, Mumbai during the academic
year 2024-2025.

The said work has been assessed by us and we are satisfied that the same is up
to the standard envisaged for the level of the course. And that the said work may be
presented to the external examiner.

Prof.V.N.Lawand Prof.Megha.V.Warungse

Project Guide H.O.D. Computer Department

External Examiner Dr.Sanjay.J.Bagul

PRINCIPAL

2
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

With a deep sense of gratitude, we would like to thanks all the people who have lit
our path with their kind guidance. We are very grateful to these intellectuals who did
their best to help during our project work.

It is our proud privilege to express a deep sense of gratitude to, Prof.Sanjay J. Bagul
Principal of Shatabdi Institute of Technology, Agaskhind, Nasik, for his comments
and kind permission to complete this project.

I acknowledge and special thanks to encouragement, and austerity of our

Miss.V.N.Lawand whose guidance did half the magic of keeping me thrilled
throughout this project.

We remain indebted to Prof. Megha V. Warungase, H.O.D, of Computer Engineering

Department For their timely suggestion and valuable guidance.

The special gratitude goes to Teaching staff members, and Non-Teaching staff
members, of Computer Department for his expensive, excellent and precious guidance
in completion of this work. We thanks to all the colleagues for their appreciable help
for our working project.

With various industry owners or lab technicians to help, it has been our endeavor to
throughout our work to cover the entire project work.

We also thankful to our parents who providing their wishful support for our
project completion successfully.

And lastly, we thanks to our all friends and the people who are directly or indirectly
related to our project work.

1.Vishal rajesh bhoye.

2.Vedika pandit jadhav.
3.Priyanka bahiru jadhav.
4.Harshad rajiv shinde.
5.Nandu santosh pawar.

3
 ABSTRACT

He rapid decline in global wildlife populations has become a pressing environmental

issue, primarily driven by habitat destruction, poaching, and escalating human-
wildlife conflicts. Traditional conservation methods, although essential, often face
significant limitations such as inadequate funding, limited geographic coverage, and
overreliance on small groups of conservation professionals. These constraints hinder
timely interventions and long-term sustainability of conservation efforts. Furthermore,
the exclusion of local communities from these efforts results in a lack of ground-level
support and ownership, reducing the overall effectiveness of such initiatives.

This project proposes the development of a mobile application designed to transform

wildlife conservation by actively involving citizens in the monitoring, protection, and
education of wildlife. By leveraging the power of community engagement and digital
technology, the app seeks to democratize conservation efforts and bridge the gap
between experts and the public. The application will allow users to report real-time d
One of the core goals of the project is to empower local communities by turning
residents into active conservation participants. Through the app, users will not only
contribute valuable data but also gain access to educational resources about local
wildlife, conservation practices, and strategies for mitigating human-wildlife conflict.
This increased awareness and knowledge sharing will foster a sense of responsibility
and stewardship among community members.

One of the core goals of the project is to empower local communities by turning
residents into active conservation participants. Through the app, users will not only
contribute valuable data but also gain access to educational resources about local
wildlife, conservation practices, and strategies for mitigating human-wildlife conflict.
This increased awareness and knowledge sharing will foster a sense of responsibility
and stewardship among community members.

In addition to immediate field responses, the app will serve as a strategic tool for
long-term conservation planning. The data collected will support sustainable decision-
making by providing conservationists and environmental organizations with accurate,
up-to-date information necessary for policy formulation, habitat restoration, and
species protection programs.

In conclusion, this project aims to harness the collective power of technology and
community engagement to create a scalable, sustainable, and inclusive model for
wildlife conservation. By involving the public and promoting real-time data sharing,
the app has the potential to significantly enhance the effectiveness of traditional
conservation methods and ensure the survival of vulnerable species in the face of
ongoing environmental challenges.

Keyword : Wildlife Conservation, Community Engagement, Crowdsourcing, Habitat

Protection, Poaching Prevention, Human-Wildlife Conflict, Real-Time Data
Collection, Environmental Awareness, Citizen Science, Sustainable Decision-Making,
Wildlife Monitoring, Conservation Technology, Mobile Application, Biodiversity
Protection, Ecosystem Pres

4
 CONTENTS
Sr.No. Name of topic Page no.

1 Acknowledgement 3

Abstract
2
4

3 Content 5

7
4 Introduction

5 8
Literature Survey

9
6 Proposed System

Requirements 13
7
17
8 Project Design and Code

Software Requirement Specification 34

9

38
10 Software Testing

Advantages 47
11

Output 48
12

Conclusion 51
13

References 52
14

5
 List of the figures:
Figure. No. Name of figure Page no.

5. 1 Block Diagram 18

5. 2 DFD Level 0 19

5.3 DFD Level 1 19

5.4 UML Diagram 21

5. 5 Input/output Model 24

6.1 php server icon 35

6.2 Sublime text icon 36

6.3 Mysql database icon 37

List of the Tables:

Table No. Title of Table Page no.

6.1 Project Development software 34

7.1 Unit Testing 39

7.2 Stress Testing 41

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 Chapter 1
Introduction
Wildlife across the globe is facing an alarming decline due to a combination of factors
such as habitat destruction, illegal poaching, and increasing instances of human-
wildlife conflict. These challenges threaten not only individual species but also entire
ecosystems, disrupting the balance of nature and impacting biodiversity on a large
scale. Traditional conservation efforts, while vital, are often constrained by limited
funding, small teams of experts, and inadequate coverage of affected areas. As a result,
many threats go unnoticed or are addressed too late, reducing the effectiveness of
intervention strategies.

One of the major shortcomings of conventional conservation methods is the lack of

community involvement. Without the participation of local residents, conservation
initiatives often lack grassroots support and long-term sustainability. Empowering
communities to take part in protecting their local environment can lead to more
vigilant, responsive, and widespread conservation action.

To address these gaps, this project introduces a mobile application that aims to
revolutionize wildlife conservation through citizen participation. By engaging local
communities and leveraging the power of crowdsourced data, the app enables users to
report real-time information on wildlife sightings, habitat disturbances, and illegal
activities. This approach not only enhances wildlife protection but also fosters
environmental education and awareness among users.

Furthermore, the application supports informed and sustainable decision-making by

providing conservationists with reliable and timely data for planning and intervention.
It bridges the gap between experts and the general public, creating a collaborative
platform for wildlife monitoring, protection, and education. This initiative aims to
create a scalable, inclusive, and technology-driven solution that empowers citizens
and strengthens global conservation efforts.

7
 Chapter 2

Literature Survey
Wildlife conservation has long been a field of concern for environmentalists,
policymakers, and scientists worldwide. Numerous studies have highlighted the
pressing threats to biodiversity, including habitat fragmentation, poaching, human-
wildlife conflict, and climate change (Ripple et al., 2016). These factors not only
endanger individual species but also destabilize entire ecosystems, leading to a
decline in environmental quality and resilience (Tilman et al., 2017).

Traditional conservation methods often involve protected areas, anti-poaching patrols,

breeding programs, and ecological monitoring. While these approaches have yielded
success in certain contexts, they frequently suffer from resource constraints such as
limited manpower, inadequate funding, and lack of real-time data (Watson et al.,
2014). Furthermore, many conservation efforts have historically adopted a top-down
approach, which excludes local communities from active participation (Berkes, 2004).

Recent literature emphasizes the critical role of community involvement in enhancing

conservation outcomes. Studies indicate that when local populations are involved in
conservation decision-making and benefit from conservation outcomes, compliance
and stewardship improve significantly (Brooks et al., 2013). Community-based
conservation (CBC) has emerged as a promising approach to address the limitations
of centralized strategies by promoting shared responsibility and local knowledge
integration (Western & Wright, 1994).

With the rapid expansion of mobile technology, digital tools are increasingly being
explored for conservation purposes. Mobile applications, GPS tracking, and cloud-
based data collection platforms are transforming how environmental data is gathered
and analyzed (Graham et al., 2012). These tools facilitate citizen science—public
participation in scientific research—by allowing individuals to contribute
observations and data directly from the field (Bonney et al., 2009). This approach not
only fills data gaps in remote or under-monitored areas but also raises public
awareness and engagement.

Examples of successful technology-driven conservation initiatives include

applications like Wildbook, which uses AI and crowd-sourced photos to identify
individual animals, and iNaturalist, which enables users to record biodiversity
sightings and share them with a global community. These platforms have shown the
potential of participatory technology in creating extensive, real-time wildlife
databases that support informed conservation strategies (Silvertown, 2009).

8
 Chapter 3
Proposed System
Wildlife across the globe is under severe threat due to habitat destruction, poaching,
and human-wildlife conflict. Conventional conservation efforts, although crucial,
often fall short due to limited manpower, funding, and lack of real-time data. One of
the major weaknesses in these approaches is the limited involvement of local
communities, whose proximity to wildlife habitats positions them as key stakeholders
in conservation.

To address these limitations, the proposed system is a mobile application designed to

encourage citizen participation in wildlife conservation. This application leverages
crowdsourced data, community collaboration, and educational tools to build a robust,
technology-powered conservation ecosystem that is inclusive, dynamic, and
sustainable.

3.1. Local Communities: Grassroots Engagement

The Local Communities section fosters direct involvement from people living near
or within habitats. It allows users to:

Add new members, volunteers, and local leaders

Organize and promote awareness events, habitat cleanups, and citizen

patrols

Share local wildlife-related issues, such as animal straying, deforestation, or

water scarcity

On the viewing end, users can:

Access a directory of registered community members

View contribution records and engagement statistics

Monitor region-specific conservation efforts (past and ongoing)

This module strengthens the sense of community ownership over environmental

protection, improving surveillance, accountability, and real-time response to
ecological issues.

3. Wildlife Info: Dynamic Species Database

9
The Wildlife Info section serves as an educational and research-oriented repository. It
enables users to:

Add information about species: names, photographs, descriptions, habitats,

behaviors, threats, and diets

Report new sightings, nesting sites, migratory patterns, or endangered species

Flag unusual or emergency events such as injured animals or invasive species

Viewers can explore a searchable, filterable database categorized by:

Species type (mammals, birds, reptiles, etc.)

Region or habitat

Conservation status (IUCN Red List)

Each profile features:

Images and videos

Scientific classification

Current threats and conservation measures

Distribution maps

This evolving database supports learning, planning, and conservation research while
increasing public appreciation for biodiversity.

3.2. Safety Info: Ensuring Human-Wildlife Coexistence

The Safety Info section focuses on educating people on safe and responsible
interactions with wildlife. Users can:

Share safety guidelines for different species (e.g., what to do if you encounter
a bear or snake)

Upload emergency contact numbers (forest departments, rescue teams)

Report incidents, including human injuries, roadkill, or aggressive animal

behavior

Viewing features include:

Up-to-date safety protocols customized by species and location

10
 Region-specific alert zones (e.g., areas where big cats or elephants have been
spotted)

A history of safety incidents with details of actions taken

This module helps minimize conflict, protect both wildlife and humans, and promote
a culture of preparedness and prevention.

3.3. Education & Awareness: Learning for Conservation

This section provides users with educational content and tools to raise awareness
and promote informed conservation action. Users can:

Add articles, infographics, videos, and guides on topics like wildlife

protection laws, biodiversity loss, and sustainable practices

Create and promote campaigns, such as anti-poaching drives or myth-busting

facts

Share announcements about workshops, training sessions, and seminars

From the viewer‘s side:

Users can browse through categorized content (laws, species, conservation tips,
etc.)

Access learning modules, track their progress, and get certificates

View analytics on campaign reach and engagement

This promotes continuous learning, community awareness, and advocacy—essential

for long-term success in conservation.

3.4. Quiz: Gamified Conservation Learning

The Quiz section transforms learning into an interactive, enjoyable experience. Users
can:

Add questions in formats like multiple choice, true/false, and image-based

identification

Group questions into quiz sets based on topics (e.g., endangered species,
wildlife laws)

Set difficulty levels and timers

On the viewing side:

11
 Users can view their quiz history, scores, and progress

Compete in leaderboards ranked by region or category

Access a vast question bank for self-assessment

This module motivates users to expand their knowledge and stay engaged with
wildlife-related topics in a fun and challenging way.

12
 Chapter 4
Requirements
The Wildlife Android App is a community-focused digital platform aimed at
promoting wildlife conservation, safety, and education. The system is designed to
engage local communities, document wildlife information, spread awareness, and
encourage safe practices in forest-adjacent regions. Below are the comprehensive
requirements for successful development and operation of the app.

1. Functional Requirements
1.1 Local Communities Module

Add:

Add new community members or volunteers with contact information and

roles.

Submit local conservation initiatives or upcoming community events.

Log local wildlife-related issues or suggestions from residents.

View:

Access a list of registered community members and volunteers.

Browse current community-led wildlife conservation projects.

View details of upcoming or past events (e.g., date, venue, description).

1.2 Wildlife Info Module

Add:

Add detailed species information (scientific/common name, photos, habitat,

diet).

Submit recent wildlife sighting reports with timestamp and location.

Add data on endangered or vulnerable species in the region.

View:

13
 Explore a searchable wildlife database with filters by name, type, or region.

View detailed species profiles including images and conservation status.

Access user-submitted sighting logs with contributor and date info.

1.3 Safety Info Module

Add:

Enter safety tips specific to regional wildlife encounters.

Add emergency contacts (forest department, rescue teams, local NGOs).

Report incidents (e.g., animal sighting near settlements, conflict situations).

View:

View region-wise safety protocols and encounter do‘s and don‘ts.

Receive live alerts or view records of hazard-prone areas.

Access history of incident reports and official responses.

1.4 Education & Awareness Module

Add:

Upload educational content such as videos, infographics, and articles.

Add details of campaigns, workshops, or training sessions.

Submit myth-busting wildlife facts for awareness.

View:

Browse curated learning resources by category or user level.

Track personal progress in learning modules.

View impact statistics from awareness campaigns and workshops.

1.5 Quiz Module

Add:

14
 Create new quiz content (MCQs, True/False, fill-in-the-blanks).

Develop topic-specific quiz sets (e.g., ―Know Your Jungle‖).

Add user-vs-user challenge invites to gamify learning.

View:

View user quiz results and a global leaderboard.

Access historical quiz attempts and detailed performance reports.

Browse the full question bank with difficulty level analytics.

2. Non-Functional Requirements
2.1 Performance Requirements

App should respond to user actions within 2 seconds.

The backend must efficiently handle at least 10,000 simultaneous users.

2.2 Security Requirements

Implement AES-256 encryption for sensitive data (e.g., sightings, user reports).

Use role-based access control (RBAC) for admins, moderators, and users.

Secure all communication through HTTPS and TLS protocols.

2.3 Reliability Requirements

Daily automated backups of user data and wildlife database.

System redundancy and failover setup to maintain service uptime.

2.4 Portability Requirements

App must support Android phones and tablets (Android 8.0+).

Admin dashboard to be fully responsive and accessible from all browsers.

Provision for future expansion to iOS and wearable tech integration.

2.5 Usability Requirements

Clean and intuitive interface with clear navigation for all age groups.

Multi-language support, including local languages for rural accessibility.

15
 Accessibility mode for colorblind or visually impaired users.

3. Hardware Requirements
3.1 Client-Side (Android App)

OS: Android 8.0 (Oreo) and above

Processor: Quad-core 1.8 GHz minimum

RAM: 2 GB or higher

Storage: Minimum 100 MB free space

Network: Wi-Fi or 4G/5G internet access

3.2 Server-Side

Processor: Intel Xeon 2.5 GHz or higher

RAM: 16 GB or more

Storage: 1 TB SSD

Database: MySQL

Hosting: cPanel with SSL support

16
 Chapter 5
Project design and code
The Wildlife Android App is a community-driven conservation platform designed to
protect and preserve biodiversity by fostering collaboration among local communities,
wildlife enthusiasts, and conservationists. The app serves as a central hub for wildlife-
related knowledge, community involvement, safety guidance, and educational
outreach. It is built with an intuitive interface and robust backend infrastructure to
support smooth data exchange, real-time updates, and secure user engagement.

The system comprises two primary components:

Android Application for Users – A mobile app that enables users to engage
in wildlife tracking, community building, species information sharing,
education, and safety monitoring.

Admin Panel (Web-Based) – A backend management system for

administrators to oversee user submissions, approve community activities,
manage educational content, and monitor conservation data.

The design prioritizes usability, scalability, and real-time collaboration to promote

responsible wildlife interaction and sustainable ecosystem management.

5.1Concept and Key Features

1. User Management

User Registration & Login – Users can register using email or mobile
number to access app features.

Admin Panel – Admins can manage content across all sections, including
community initiatives, safety alerts, educational resources, and user
submissions.

2. Local Communities

Add Community Members – Users can register new volunteers, activists, or

local wildlife supporters.

3. Wildlife Info

Contribute to the Wildlife Database – Users can add species names, habitat
details, photos, behavioral observations, and diet patterns.

17
 Searchable Database – Explore a categorized species library with detailed
profiles, conservation status, scientific classification, and visual aids.

4. Safety Info

Add Safety Guidelines – Submit safety tips for wildlife encounters,

emergency contacts (like forest departments), and incident alerts.

Access Safety Resources – View curated protocols based on species and

geography, track incident history, and stay informed about at-risk zones.

5. Education & Awareness

Upload Learning Content – Add articles, videos, posters, legal information,

and guides on conservation practices.

Organize Campaigns – Promote campaigns targeting myths, laws, and

sustainable coexistence strategies.

Track Learning Progress – Users can access diverse learning modules,

monitor completion, and view impact reports or user engagement analytics.

6. Quiz Section

Add Quiz Questions – Create engaging quizzes with formats like multiple
choice, true/false, or image recognition.

View Performance & Rankings – Users can check their scores, review
question banks, compare progress on leaderboards, and analyze their wildlife
knowledge growth.

Fig No 5.1: Block Diagram

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 Fig No 5.2: DFD Level 0

Fig No 5.3: DFD Level 1

After accessing the Web Page Display, users can either log in or sign up. Once
logged in, users proceed to fill in their blood donation information.

5.2UML Diagram:

UML is the Unified Modelling Language, a standard that defines the rules and
notation for specifying software systems. The notation supplies a rich set of

19
graphic elements for modelling object-oriented elements, and the rules say
how those elements may be connected and used.
UML is not a prescriptive process for creating software
systems - it does not supply a method or process, simply the language. You
can therefore use UML in a variety of ways to specify and develop your
software engineering project. Enterprise Architect supports many different
kinds of UML elements (as well as some custom extensions).
Together with the links and connectors between elements,
these form the basis of the model. In addition to the base UML elements, the
modelling environment can be extended using UML Profiles. A Profile is a
set of stereotyped and tagged elements that together solve some modelling
problem or scenario. Examples are UML Profiles for modelling XML Schema
or Business Process Modelling.

20
 Fig No5. 4: UML Diagram

5.3 Module Analysis

1. User Management

User Registration & Login – Users can register using email or mobile
number to access app features.

Admin Panel – Admins can manage content across all sections, including
community initiatives, safety alerts, educational resources, and user
submissions.

2. Local Communities

21
 Add Community Members – Users can register new volunteers, activists, or
local wildlife supporters.

3. Wildlife Info

Contribute to the Wildlife Database – Users can add species names, habitat
details, photos, behavioral observations, and diet patterns.

Searchable Database – Explore a categorized species library with detailed

profiles, conservation status, scientific classification, and visual aids.

4. Safety Info

Add Safety Guidelines – Submit safety tips for wildlife encounters,

emergency contacts (like forest departments), and incident alerts.

Access Safety Resources – View curated protocols based on species and

geography, track incident history, and stay informed about at-risk zones.

5. Education & Awareness

Upload Learning Content – Add articles, videos, posters, legal information,

and guides on conservation practices.

Organize Campaigns – Promote campaigns targeting myths, laws, and

sustainable coexistence strategies.

Track Learning Progress – Users can access diverse learning modules,

monitor completion, and view impact reports or user engagement analytics.

6. Quiz Section

Add Quiz Questions – Create engaging quizzes with formats like multiple
choice, true/false, or image recognition.

View Performance & Rankings – Users can check their scores, review
question banks, compare progress on leaderboards, and analyze their wildlife
knowledge growth.

5.4 Algorithm:

Agile Methodology for the Wildlife Android App

The Wildlife Android App adopts the Agile methodology to support iterative
development, continuous improvement, and responsive design. This approach
emphasizes collaboration with conservationists, wildlife enthusiasts, and local
communities, enabling frequent updates and real-time contributions. Agile ensures
that the platform evolves in alignment with user feedback and changing
environmental needs, making it adaptive, user-friendly, and mission-driven.

22
Core Agile Values in This Project
Individuals and Team Interactions Over Processes and Tools

Encourages active engagement between community members, conservation

volunteers, environmental experts, and administrators to foster collaborative
wildlife protection.

Working Software Over Comprehensive Documentation

Prioritizes the delivery of a functional mobile application with real-time

features like community interaction, wildlife data sharing, and safety alerts,
rather than lengthy documentation.

Customer Collaboration Over Contract Negotiation

Continuously involves users, NGOs, and local forest departments to refine app
features such as wildlife info uploads, event announcements, and educational
content sharing.

Responding to Change Over Following a Plan

Quickly adapts to changes in biodiversity data, safety protocols, and

conservation needs by integrating new features like hazard alerts, updated
species information, or modified awareness campaigns based on user input
and real-world developments.

Procedural Steps in the System

1. Start
2. User Registration
3. Login to the System
4. Post or View Community Events, Members, and Conservation Efforts
5. Add or Explore Wildlife Information Including Sightings and Species Data
6. Contribute to or Access Safety Tips and Emergency Contact Details
7. Upload or View Educational Content and Awareness Campaigns
8. Create or Attempt Wildlife Conservation Quizzes
9. Track Learning Progress, Quiz Scores, and Community Engagement
10. Admins Verify and Manage Wildlife Data, Events, and User Submissions
11. End

4.3.5 User interface designs:

23
 Fig No 5.5: Input/output Model

System Requirements:
Hardware Requirement for Development of Project: (minimum)

1. Processor : Intel core i3

2. RAM: 4 GB (min)
3. Hard disk : 128GB

Software Requirement for Development of Project: (minimum)

1. Operating System: Window 7.

2. Front End: Bootstrap4,css,Html
3. Back End: MySQL, PHP, Java
4. Code editor: Visual Studio, Sublime text , Android Studio

Limitations/Constraints of Project:

1. Require Internet Connection

2. Required Android Phone
3. Data Authenticity Issues
Open user submissions may lead to incorrect or misleading information without
proper moderation or expert verification.
4. Dependency on Internet & GPS
Some features like real-time updates, safety alerts, and GPS tracking may not
function in remote forest areas with poor connectivity.
5. Limited Expert Supervision
Without involvement from verified wildlife experts, some educational content or
safety tips might lack accuracy or authority.

● Software Development Methodology

Methodology is a formalized approach to implement the System. There are many
different systems development methodologies, and each one is unique based on

24
the order and focus it places on each SDLC phase. Some methodologies are
formal standards used by government agencies, while others have been developed
by consulting firms to sell to clients.
Many organizations have internal methodologies that have been
honed over the years, and they explain exactly how each phase of the SDLC is to
be performed in that company. There are many ways to categorize methodologies.
One way is looking at whether they focus on the business process or the data that
support the business.
There are three types of system development methodologies, it is
called Structured Design, RAD (Rapid Application Development), and Agile
Development.

● Types of Software Development Methodologies

● Structured Design
This is the first type of system development; it was introduced in the
1980s. This methodology adopts the formal step by step approach to the
SDLC; it moves logically from one phase to another phase.

● Waterfall Model
This is the original structured design of methodology, with this
methodology, the analyst and users proceed in sequence from one phase to
the next phase. The key deliverables for each phase are typically very long
and are presented to the project sponsor for approval as the project moves
from phase to phase. This methodology is referred to as waterfall
development because it moves forward from phase to phase in the same
manner as a waterfall.

Advantages of using waterfall models:

● It identifies system requirements long before programming begins
● It minimizes changes to the requirements as the project proceeds.

25
Disadvantages of using a waterfall model:
● The design must be completely specified before programming begins
● This model required significant rework, if there are changes in the
business environment, in order to go back to the initial phase you need to
go through each of the subsequent phases in return.

● Parallel Development
This model of methodology attempts to address the problem of long delay
between the analysis phase and the delivery of the system. Instead of
doing design and implementation in sequence, it performs a general
design for the whole system and then divides the project into a series of
distinct sub projects that can be designed and implemented in parallel.
Once all subprojects are complete, there is a final integration of the
separate pieces, and the system is delivered.

Advantage of using parallel model:

● It can reduce the schedule time to deliver a system
● There is less chance of changes in the business environment causing
rework

Disadvantage of using a parallel model:

● The approach still suffers from problems caused by paper documents
● It adds new problem, sometimes subprojects aren‘t completely
independent; design decisions made in one subproject may affect another
subprojects

● Phased Development
In this model, the overall system is divided into a series of versions that
are developed sequentially. The analysis phase identifies the overall
system concept, and the project team, users and system sponsors then
categorize the requirement into a series of versions.

Advantage of using phased model:

26
● Quickly getting a useful system into the hands of the users
● While the system does not perform all the functions the users need at first,
it does begin to provide business value sooner than if the system were
delivered after completion, as is the case with waterfall or parallel
methodology.

Disadvantage of using a phased model:

● When users begin to work with the systems that are intentionally
incomplete, it is critical to identify the most important and useful features
and include them in the first version, while managing the user's
expectations along the way.

● Prototyping
In this model, it performs the analysis, design and implementation phases
concurrently, and all the three phases are performed repeatedly in a cycle
until the system is completed. In this methodology, the basics of analysis
and design are performed, and work immediately begins on a system
prototype, a ―quick and dirty‖ program that provides a minimal amount of
features.

Advantage of using prototyping model:

● It is very quickly providing a system for the users to interact with, even if
it is not ready for widespread organizational use at first.
● Reassure the users that the project team is working on the system
● Helps to more quickly refine real requirements rather than attempting to
understand a system specification on paper, the user can interact with the
prototype to better understand what it can do and cannot do.

Disadvantage of using a prototyping model:

● Its fast paced system releases challenging attempts to conduct careful,
methodical analysis. This can cause problems in the development of
complex systems because fundamental issues and problems are not
recognized until well into the development

27
Codes
activity_register.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:background="@color/screen"
android:orientation="vertical"
tools:context=".RegisterActivity">
<!-- Logo -->
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/logo"
android:layout_width="100dp"
android:layout_height="100dp"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
android:contentDescription="@string/app_name"
android:src="@drawable/img" />

<!-- Welcome Text -->

<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Farmer Registration"
android:textColor="@color/purple_200"
android:textSize="24sp"
android:textStyle="bold"
android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
android:layout_gravity="center"/>

<androidx.cardview.widget.CardView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
android:layout_marginHorizontal="25dp"
app:cardCornerRadius="10dp">
<EditText
android:id="@+id/idusername"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint="Username"
android:inputType="text"
android:padding="12dp" />
</androidx.cardview.widget.CardView>

<androidx.cardview.widget.CardView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginHorizontal="25dp"
android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
app:cardCornerRadius="10dp">
<EditText
android:id="@+id/idmobileno"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint="Mobile Number"
android:inputType="text"
android:padding="12dp"
/>

28
 </androidx.cardview.widget.CardView>

<androidx.cardview.widget.CardView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginHorizontal="25dp"
android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
app:cardCornerRadius="10dp">
<!-- Email Input -->
<EditText
android:id="@+id/idemail"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint="Email"
android:inputType="textEmailAddress"
android:padding="12dp" />

</androidx.cardview.widget.CardView>

<androidx.cardview.widget.CardView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginHorizontal="25dp"
android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
app:cardCornerRadius="10dp">
<!-- Password Input -->
<EditText
android:id="@+id/idpassword"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint="Password"
android:inputType="textPassword"
android:padding="12dp"
/>
</androidx.cardview.widget.CardView>

<!-- Login Button -->

<Button
android:id="@+id/Register_button"
android:layout_width="253dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Register"
android:textColor="@android:color/white"
android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
android:textStyle="bold"
android:layout_gravity="center"
/>

<!-- Register Text -->

<TextView
android:id="@+id/Login_link"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Already have an account? Login"
android:textColor="@color/purple_700"
android:textSize="14sp"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:layout_marginTop="20dp"/>

</LinearLayout>

29
Result

30
login_activity.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".LoginActivity">
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:background="@color/screen"
android:orientation="vertical">
<ImageView
android:layout_width="150dp"
android:layout_height="150dp"
android:layout_marginTop="40dp"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:src="@drawable/img"/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/idTVHeader"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
android:gravity="center_horizontal"
android:padding="5dp"
android:text="Welcome!"
android:textAlignment="center"
android:textColor="@color/purple_200"
android:textSize="26sp"
android:textStyle="bold"/>
<TextView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="40dp"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:gravity="center_horizontal"
android:padding="5dp"
android:text="Enter credentials below to log in"
android:textAlignment="center"
android:textColor="@color/purple_500"
android:textSize="18dp"
/>
<androidx.cardview.widget.CardView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="50dp"
android:layout_marginHorizontal="20dp"
android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
app:cardCornerRadius="10dp">
<EditText
android:id="@+id/idusername"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="50dp"
android:layout_below="@id/idTVHeader"
android:layout_marginStart="10dp"
android:padding="10dp"
android:drawablePadding="10dp"
android:textSize="17dp"
android:hint="Enter User Name"
android:inputType="text" />
</androidx.cardview.widget.CardView>

<androidx.cardview.widget.CardView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="50dp"
android:layout_marginHorizontal="20dp"

31
 android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
app:cardCornerRadius="10dp">
<EditText
android:id="@+id/idpass"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="50dp"
android:layout_marginStart="10dp"
android:padding="10dp"
android:drawablePadding="10dp"
android:textSize="17dp"
android:hint="Enter Password"
android:inputType="textPassword" />
</androidx.cardview.widget.CardView>

<!--button to register our new user-->

<Button
android:id="@+id/idlogin"
android:layout_width="253dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginStart="10dp"
android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
android:layout_marginEnd="10dp"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:text="Login"
android:textAllCaps="false"
android:textSize="20sp" />

<TextView
android:id="@+id/idregister"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="40dp"
android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:gravity="center_horizontal"
android:padding="5dp"
android:text="Don't have an account yet? Sign Up now"
android:textAlignment="center"
android:textColor="@color/purple_700"
android:textSize="15dp"
/>

</LinearLayout>

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

32
Result

33
 Chapter 6
Software Requirement Specification
6.1 Development Tools & Technologies

 Programming Languages: Java / PHP (Admin Panel)

 Database: MySQL
 API Development: AndroidAPI s
 Storage: Cpanel MySQL

Project Development

The development of the project will follow a structured approach with the following
phases:

1. Requirement Analysis: Gathering user needs, defining the scope, and setting
project objectives.
2. System Design: Creating wireframes, database schema, and UI/UX design.
3. Frontend Development( Admin Panel ): Using HTML, CSS, Bootstrap,
and JavaScript for an intuitive interface.
4. Frontend Development( Android App ): Using Android XML
5. Backend Development( Admin Panel ): Developing core functionalities
using PHP and MySQL.
6. Backend Development( Android App ): Java , Android API
7. Database Integration: Implementing efficient storage
8. Testing & Debugging: Conducting unit testing, integration testing, and
user acceptance testing.
9. Deployment: Hosted a live server with SSL security.
10. Maintenance & Updates: Regular feature upgrades, bug fixes, and
database updates.

Project Operations

Poject Development:

Software Specifications

Android Studio 10
Xampp Server 7.2.4
Sublime Text 3 3.2.2
Operating System Windows 7

34
 Table 6.1 Project Development software

1. Development Tools
I PHP
The PHP Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) is a programming language that
allows web developers to create dynamic content that interacts with
databases. PHP is basically used for developing web based software
applications. This tutorial helps you to build your base with PHP.
Why to Learn PHP?
PHP started out as a small open source project that evolved as more and more
people found out how useful it was. Rasmus Lerdorf unleashed the first
version of PHP way back in 1994.

➢Features
1. PHP is a recursive acronym for "PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor".
2. PHP is a server side scripting language that is embedded in HTML. It is used
to manage dynamic content, databases, session tracking, and even build entire
e-commerce sites.
3. It is integrated with a number of popular databases, including MySQL,
PostgreSQL, Oracle, Sybase, Informix, and Microsoft SQL Server.
4. PHP is forgiving: PHP language tries to be as forgiving as possible.
5. PHP Syntax is C-Like.

Fig.6.1 php server icon

35
2. Sublime Text 3
Sublime Text is a shareware cross-platform source code editor with a Python
application programming interface (API). It natively supports many
programming languages and mark-up languages, and functions can be added
by users with plugins, typically community-built and maintained under free-
software licenses. Sublime Text is powerful where you need it to be, but
simple and out of your way at the same time. Great keyboard shortcuts and
multi-selection options. Great package manager installation process for easily
extending functionality.
➢Features
1. Auto completion, Syntax Highlight, Code Folding
2. Customizability
3. Lightweight, Fast and Stable
4. Powerful Search

figf

Fig6.2 Sublime text icon

2. Database
MYSQL
MySQL is free and open-source software under the terms of the GNU
General Public License, and is also available under a variety of proprietary
licenses. MySQL was owned and sponsored by the Swedish company
MySQL AB, which was bought by Sun Microsystems (now Oracle
Corporation).
In 2010, when Oracle acquired Sun, Widenius forked the open-source
MySQL project to create MariaDB. MySQL is a component of the LAMP

36
 web application software stack (and others), which is an acronym for Linux,
Apache, MySQL, Perl/PHP/Python. MySQL is used by many database-
driven web applications, including Drupal, Joomla, phpBB, and WordPress.
MySQL is also used by many popular websites, including Facebook, Flickr,
MediaWiki, Twitter, and YouTube.
MySQL is offered under two different editions: the open source MySQL
Community Server and the proprietary Enterprise Server. MySQL Enterprise
Server is differentiated by a series of proprietary extensions which install as
server plugins, but otherwise share the version numbering system and are
built from the same code base.

➢Features
5. Cross-platform support
6. ACID compliance
7. SSL support
8. Query caching

Fig 6.3Mysql database icon

37
 Chapter 7
Software Testing
―Testing is the process of executing a program with the intent of finding errors.‖
Software testing is a processor, a series of processes, designed to make sure
computer code does what it was designed to do and that it does not do anything
unintended. Software should be predictable and consistent, offering no surprises
to users.
Purpose of testing can be quality assurance, verification and
validation, or reliability estimation. Software testing is to assess and evaluate the
quality of work performed at each step of the software development process. The
goal of software testing is to ensure that the software performs as intended, and to
improve software quality, reliability and maintainability.

● Objectives of Software Testing

The major objectives of software testing are as follows:
1. Finding defects which may get created by the programmer while
developing the software.
2. Gaining confidence and providing information about the level of quality.
3. To prevent defects.
4. To make sure that the end result meets the business and user requirements.
5. Gain the confidence of the customers by providing them a quality product.
6. To ensure that it satisfies the BRS that is Business Requirement
Specification and SRS that is System Requirement Specification.

38
 7.1Unit Testing
Test Case Id: 0001 Test Designed By:
Low/Medium/High): Medium Test Designed Date:
Module Name: Status Test Executed By:
Test Title: Test the Website Test Execution Date:
Description: This test will ensure the Website validation.

Expec Actu
Test Modul Pre-
Test Descrip Input ted al
Case e conditio Steps Status
Title tion Data Resul Resul
ID Name ns
t t
1.
Ensure Website Open
the Login
admin URL Login
Test applica windo
login should wind
the tion Click w
TC_ Admin function be ow
Admin on should PASS
1 Panel ality properly 2. gets
Panel Login be
works inserted Click displa
Login displa
correctl in the on yed
yed
y browser Login
button
1.
Open
Wild
Verify Website the Wild
applica Life
Test the Wild URL Life
tion Click Info
the Life should Info
Wild on windo
TC_ Wild Info be 2. wind
Life Wild w PASS
2 Life section properly Click ow
Info. Life should
Info is inserted on gets
Info be
page accessib in the Wild displa
displa
le browser Life yed
yed
Info
button

39
 Local
Local
Ensure Website Com
1. Com
Test that URL muniti
Click Click munit
the users should es
Local on on ies
TC_ Local can be windo
Comm Local Local wind PASS
3 Comm access properly w
unities Comm Comm ow
unities Local inserted should
unities unities gets
page Commu in the be
button displa
nities browser displa
yed
yed
Ensure Website Safety
Safet
the URL 1. Info
Test y Info
Safety should Click Click windo
the wind
TC_ Safety Info be on on w
Safety ow PASS
4 Info page properly Safety Safety should
Info gets
loads inserted Info Info be
page displa
correctl in the menu displa
yed
y browser yed
Verify Website
It
that URL Hom
1. should
Test users should e
Click Click naviga
TC_ the can be page
Home on on te to PASS
5 Home return to properly gets
Home Home the
Page the inserted displa
menu Home
homepa in the yed
page
ge browser
Website
Ensure Chat
URL Chat
Test users windo
should 1. wind
the can Click w
TC_ Chat be Click ow
Chat access on should PASS
6 option properly on gets
sectio donation Chat be
inserted Chat displa
n informat displa
in the yed
ion yed
browser

Pre-conditions: Website URL should be properly inserted in the browser.

40
 7.2.Stress Testing:
Test Case Id: 0002 Test Designed By:
Low/Medium/High): Medium Test Designed Date:
Module Name: Status Test Executed By:
Test Title: Test the Website Test Execution Date:
Description: This test will ensure the Website validation.
Pre-conditions: Website URL should be properly inserted in the browser.
Test
Input Expected Actual Statu
Step Case Description
Data Result Result s
ID
It is
1 Check the project is - It should run PASS
running
TC_1 running on Windows 7 and
above

It is
2 Check the project is running - It should run PASS
running
TC_2 on 4GB RAM

41
● Skills for Software testing
1. Communication Skills:
Testers are expected to be good listeners as well as good presenters. A
good software tester must have strong verbal and written communication
skills. They require good communication with developers before, during
and after the project. The test reports, plans/cases which testers made
should be easy to read and comprehend. They must be good listeners,
good speakers, good writers, and good readers etc. All at the same time.
Communication skills of a good tester include his/her body language, their
words, tone, writing styles, listening and attending to others etc.

2. Domain Knowledge:
Testers should have the detailed knowledge about the software or
application, whether they are not domain experts and this knowledge will
help them to find such errors which a user can face, while using the
application.
After testing the application/software, the tester should
keep the domain in his/her mind while arranging the errors in order
according to their priority. As the testers may be working in different
domains, on different technologies, they should be aware of any
challenges and complexities.

3. Desire to learn:
Testers should have the brief knowledge regarding the latest technologies,
tools and techniques, tools and techniques and they also use them during
testing.
As there are various tools and techniques for development
as well as testing, every tool or technique has some positive and negative
effects. Testers must be able to learn new technologies and can also use
them while testing. Working with the latest tools/techniques might be
difficult for testers but they can get something new.

4. Technical Skills:

42
 A good software tester must have strong technical skills. They must have
proper knowledge about the coding skills in order to understand the
application, good communication with developers and write test
automation. The technical skills also include high proficiency in tools like
MS-office, testing tools etc. These skills can be obtained by practicing and
proper training.

5. Analytical Skills:
A good software tester should have to be able to check out how to
reproduce the errors because only finding errors is not sufficient. For
better understanding and creating good test reports, analytical skills will
break the complex software system into smaller units. Testers should have
to analyze the situation of the user while using the software or application.
Testing report is a SWOT i.e. ‗Strength‘, ‘Weakness‘, ‘Opportunity‘,
‘Threat ‘analysis of software.

6. Planning:
First of all, testers should have to plan how to make the testing report.
Testing should be in proper manner i.e.it should cover all the
functionalists, requirements, features, and critical aspects of business etc.
the testing reports should be made in an exact order i.e. According to the
priority of the errors. For better judgment of testing reports, good planning
is very necessary.

7. Integrity:
Testers find the errors in the application with an assurance that developers
will absolutely fix them. The testing report should have to show the
priorities of the errors i.e. the report should be in various levels according
to their priority level.

8. Curiosity:
During testing or analyzing any software. The testers must know about
various applications, various domains etc. as the domain has its own,
especially to testers who must have the curiosity to understand the

43
 domain. They should have an eagerness to understand the complexity and
expectations.

9. Think from a user's Perspective:

Each and every product is developed and designed for customers.
Customers may not be having all the technical skills a tester is having, if
you fail to keep this in mind you might miss important bugs.

10. Be a Good Judge of Your Product:

Last but not the least; you have to be a good judge of your product, ask
yourself questions whether the software meets all the requirements it
should be having. As one you are the judge and you have the powers to
distinguish between right and wrong. Judge listens to all testers in the
team.

Types of Software Testing

1. White Box Testing
2. Black Box Testing

Some special types of software testing strategies are as follows:

A. Unit Testing
B. Integration Testing
C. Smoke Testing
D. Rogation Testing

A. Unit Testing:
● Unit Testing is a software testing method by which individual units of
source code, sets of one or more computer program modules together with
associated control data, usage procedures, and operating procedures, are
tested to determine whether they are fit for use.

44
● Unit Testing is also known as ―Module Test‖ because it tests individual
units of code that comprise an application.
● Unit tests focus on ―Functionality‖ and ―Reliability‖ and Entry and Exit
criteria can be the same for each module.
● Unit testing identifies most number of defects before integration testing

B. Integration Testing:
● Integration Testing is a logical extension of unit testing.
● In its simplest form, two units that have already been tested are combined
into components, which are then aggregated into an even larger part of the
program.
● Integration Testing identifies problems that occur when units are
combined. This method reduces the number of possibilities for a far
simpler level of analysis.
There are four types of integration testing:
● Non-Incremental Integration testing
● Incremental Integration Testing
● Top- Down Integration Testing
● Bottom-Up Integration Testing
● Bi-directional Integration Testing

C. Smoke Testing:
● Smoke testing is done to ensure that the build can be accepted through
software testing or not.
● In smoke testing, the test cases chosen cover the most important
functionality or component of the system. The objective is not to perform
exhaustive testing, but to verify that the critical functionalities of the
system are working fine.

D. Rogation Testing:

45
● Rogation Testing, also known as validation testing, provides consistent,
repeatable validation of each change to an application under
development or being modified.
● Rogation Testing is the selective retesting of an application or system that
has been modified to ensure that no previously working components,
functions, or features fails because of the repairs.

46
 Chapter 8
Advantages
1. Community-Driven Conservation
Encourages local involvement by allowing users to contribute data, post events,
and engage in regional conservation initiatives.

2. Real-Time Wildlife Data

Enables users to upload and access updated information on wildlife sightings,
behavior, and safety alerts, improving situational awareness.

3. Knowledge Sharing & Education

Provides educational content like articles, videos, and quizzes that promote
awareness, especially among youth and volunteers.

4. Emergency Preparedness
Offers quick access to emergency contact numbers and protocols, helping prevent
or manage human-wildlife conflict

5. User-Friendly Interface
Designed for easy use by people of all ages and technical backgrounds, with
intuitive navigation and interactive features.

47
Chapter 9

Output

48
49
50
 Chapter 10

Conclusion
The Wildlife Android App represents a significant step forward in leveraging
technology for environmental conservation and awareness. By integrating local
community engagement, real-time wildlife information, safety protocols, educational
content, and interactive learning features like quizzes, the app serves as a powerful
tool to connect people with nature.

It not only empowers individuals to participate in conservation efforts but also builds
a sense of responsibility and awareness among citizens regarding the protection of
wildlife. The user-friendly interface, contribution-based data system, and features
focused on safety and education make the platform accessible and effective across
diverse regions and age groups.

As environmental challenges continue to grow, this app offers a scalable and

adaptable solution that can evolve with future technologies and stakeholder feedback.
By encouraging collaboration between citizens, researchers, conservationists, and
authorities, the Wildlife Android App lays a strong foundation for a more informed,
proactive, and united approach toward wildlife preservation.

Ultimately, this application is more than just a digital platform—it‘s a movement

toward a more sustainable coexistence between humans and wildlife.

51
 Chapter 11
References

Applications
1. Wildlife Conservation Campaigns
Used by NGOs, forest departments, and schools to conduct awareness drives,
community cleanups, and biodiversity tracking events.
2. Citizen Science & Research
Helps researchers collect crowd-sourced data on species sightings, behavior
changes, and regional biodiversity trends.
3. Disaster & Conflict Response
Assists in managing human-wildlife conflict zones by offering updated alerts and
emergency contact info.
4. Educational Tool in Schools/Colleges
Acts as a supplementary learning tool with quizzes and interactive content for
environmental science education

Future Enhancement

The Wildlife Android App holds immense potential to expand and evolve as
technology advances and conservation needs grow. Future developments can
significantly enhance its impact, outreach, and effectiveness in protecting biodiversity
and fostering environmental awareness. Key areas of future scope include:

Integration with AI and Image Recognition

Implementing AI-powered image recognition can allow users to identify species
instantly by uploading pictures. This would improve data accuracy and help users
learn more about unfamiliar wildlife in real-time.

Offline Functionality for Remote Areas

Enhancing offline capabilities, such as data caching, local storage of safety tips, and
offline quizzes, can make the app more useful in areas with poor or no internet
connectivity.

Expert-Verified Content & Moderation

Collaborating with wildlife experts, biologists, and conservation organizations to
validate user-submitted data and educational content would increase the credibility
and reliability of the platform.

Gamification for User Engagement

Introducing achievement badges, daily challenges, and reward systems for active
contributors can improve user engagement and sustained participation.

52