CHIPS & BYTES : A TEXT BOOK OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

CLASS -9

CHAPTER – 1. COMMUNICATION SKILLS

Multiple Choice Questions

1. (c)
2. (c)
3. (a)
4. (d)
5. (d)
6. (d)
7. (c)
8. (i) (b)
(ii) (c)
(iii) (c)
(iv) (a)
(v) (a)

Fill in the Blanks

1. First
2. Signs
3. Permanent
4. Verbal
5. Feedback
6. Proof-reading

True or False Questions

1. False
2. False
3. True
4. True
5. False
6. True

Put a X mark against the actions below which are bad for non-verbal communication

1. Sleeping signs in the meetings 

2. Listening properly during formal communication
3. Putting hands in pockets 
4. Scratching head 
5. Smiling while speaking to a friend 
6. Nodding when you agree with something
7. Standing straight
8. Yawning while listening 
9. Sitting straight
10. Maintaining eye contact while speaking
11. Chewing pen 
12. Biting nails 
13. Waiving hands at other participants 
 14. Putting finger on nose frequently 
15. Firm handshake
16. Looking at wrist watch again and again 
17. Clenching jaws 
18. Not making eye contact with the speaker 
19. Intense stare without any break 
20. Looking at cell phone again and again 
21. Putting spectacles on the forehead 

Short Answer Questions

1. Communication is an exchange of facts, ideas, opinions or emotions by two or
more persons.
2. Sender, Encoding the message, Channel, Receiver, Decoding, Feedback
3. Types of communication:
- Verbal
- Non-verbal
- Visual

4. Verbal communication is any communication that uses words to share information

with others. These words may be both spoken and written.

5. The communication which is made without using words is called Non-Verbal

communication. Non-verbal communication is used for conveying short messages.
6.

Verbal Communication Non-verbal Communication

A type of communication where the person A type of communication that involves

uses words or languages to convey his conveying messages through visual
message to his audience forms or signs

Has a greater chance of being

Has few chances of being misunderstood
misunderstood

Allows instantaneous exchange of Time consuming; does not allow a

information and feedback speedy exchange of information

Both parties do not need to be present in Both parties need to be present to

order for them to communicate communicate

7. Verbal communication is the most widely adopted means of communication. It saves

time in communication. It is more reliable method of communication.
8. Non-verbal communication makes the message stronger. There is no word used in
this communication. Therefore, it is very brief and almost error-free.
9. In case of written communication:
 It is time consuming.
 A message has to be prepared and checked for accuracy.
 A letter may take number of days in reaching the destination.
 There is a chance of leakage of secret information.
 Delay in feedback. Immediate feedback from the receiver is not available.
10. In case of non-verbal communication:
  Long conversation is not possible.
 It is difficult to understand.
 Non-verbal communication does not follow any rules, formality or structure like
other communication.

11. No Parking

12. School Ahead

13. A sentence is a group of words that is complete in itself and gives a complete
meaning, thought or idea is called a sentence.
14.

 Declarative or assertive
 Imperative
 Interrogative
 Exclamatory

15. A phrase is a group of related words. It does not contain a subject and a verb. It lacks
both the subject and the object.

16. The following are the basic components of writing skills.

 Phrases
 Kinds of sentences
 Parts of sentence
 Parts of speech
 Use of articles
 Construction of a paragraph

CHAPTER – 2. SELF MANAGEMENT SKILLS

Multiple Choice Questions
1. (b)
2. (b)
3. (d)
4. (a)
5. (b)
6. (d)
Fill in the Blanks
1. Positive or problem centered
2. Opportunities
3. Responsibility
4. Abilities
True or False Questions
1. False
2. True
3. False
4. False
Short Answer Questions
1. Self-management is the ability to prioritize goals, decide what must be done and be
accountable to complete the necessary actions.
Write a short note on the factors influencing self-management.
2. There are various factors that influence self-management.
Self-awareness. This factor involves knowing oneself as an individual.
Self-control. Ability to control one’s emotions, behavior and discipline.
Self-confidence. To have a confidence.
Goal Setting. To plan the goals to be achieved in a given time.
Positive thinking. To get rid of negative thoughts.

3. List any four self-management skills.

 Self-awareness
 Self-confidence
 Problem solving
 Self-motivation
 Team work
4.
 Self-belief:
Believing in self and own abilities is a quality of self-confident person.
 Hard Work:
Hard work is always a key self-confidence and leads to success.
 Commitment:
Commitment is also a builder of self-confidence.

5.
 Appreciate Achievements: This is the first step towards starting a journey to self-
confidence.
 Build Knowledge: “Knowledge is power” and is one of the keys to confidence.
 Have a Goal: Have a goal to be achieved
6. Hygiene is important because, it helps us in :

 Staying healthy.
 Creating a good image of ourselves.
 Avoiding feeling ashamed in public due to our bad

7. You will look many people around you who have been successful in your life. You may chat
with such people in your relatives, neighbourers. Talking with positive people will boost your
self-confidence and bring the thinking in you – “if he, why cannot me?”

CHAPTER – 3. BASIC ICT SKILLS

Multiple Choice Questions

1. (a)
2. (b)
3. (d)
4. (a)
5. (b)
6. (a)
 7. (b)
8. (b)
9. (c)
10. (b)
11. (b)
12. (e)
13. (a)
14. (c)
15. (c)
16. (a)
17. (a)
18. (d)
19. (b)

Fill in the blanks

1. Hardware
2. Output
3. Input
4. Input/pointing
5. Data
6. Two
7. Monitor
8. Non-impact
9. Dot matrix printer
10. Output
11. CPU
12. Software
13. System software
14. Application software
15. Operating system
16. World wide web
17. First Page
18. Large number of
19. Search engine
20. Web browser

Answer True or False

1. False
2. False
3. True
4. False
5. True
6. False
7. False
8. True
9. True
10. True
11. False
12. False
13. False
14. False
15. True
16. False
Application Based Questions
1.
i. Compact Disc, 700 MB
ii. DVD, 4.7 GB
iii. Hard Disk, 2 TB and more
iv. Pen drive, 2 TB and more
v. Memory Card, 2 TB and more

2. Generally for a large organization, salary slips are printed on dot matrix printers. In a
company of 50 employees, pay slips can be printed on dot matrix printer or laser printer.

3. Inkjet printer
4. Store the photo on hard disk or any other storage device and select the file for attachment
while composing the email.
5. Pen drive of 8 GB or more capacity will do the needful.
6. Laser printer
7. Optical Bar Reader
8.

i. Customized software
ii. General purpose software
iii. Customized software
iv. General Purpose software
v. Utility software
vi. Utility software
vii. General purpose software
viii. General purpose software

Short Answer Questions

1. A computer is a machine that performs processing and does calculations and operations
based on the given instructions.
2. Since Computer is programmed machine, it gives the accurate results.
Computer can store mass storage of data with appropriate format.
Computer can work for hours without any break and creating error.
3. Analog computer is a computer that is used to process analog data. Analog data is of
continuous nature and which is not discrete. Such type of data includes temperature,
pressure, speed, weight, voltage, depth etc. These quantities are continuous and having
an infinite variety of values.
4. A digital computer is a programmable device that processes information by
manipulating symbols according to logical rules.
5. A hybrid computer is a type of computer that offers the functionalities of both a digital
and an analog computer. It is designed to include a working analog unit that is powerful
for calculations, yet has a readily available digital memory. In large industries and
businesses, a hybrid computer can be used to incorporate logical operations as well as
provide efficient processing of differential equations.
6. A mainframe computer is a very large computer capable of handling and processing very
large amounts of data quickly. They are used by large institutions, such as government
agencies and large corporations.
7. Minicomputers are mid-size, tiny computers which individuals will use either
individually or as a high-end device likewise.
8. A microcomputer is a small, relatively inexpensive computer with a microprocessor as
its central processing unit (CPU).
9. A supercomputer is a computer with great speed and memory. This kind of computer
can do jobs faster than any other computer of its generation. They are usually thousands
of times faster than ordinary personal computers made at that time.
10. A workstation is simply a desktop computer that has a more powerful processor,
additional memory, high-end graphics adapters and enhanced capabilities for
performing a special group of tasks, such as 3D graphics or game development.
11. Notebook, Personal Digital Assistant
12. A mobile phone that performs many of the functions of a computer, typically having a
touchscreen interface, Internet access and an operating system capable of running
downloaded apps.
13. Personal digital assistant is a term for a small, mobile, handheld device that provides
computing and information storage and retrieval capabilities for personal or business
use, often for keeping schedules, calendars and address book information handy.
14. Micro computers are used in:
 DTP(Desk Top Publishing)
 Accounting and statistical analysis.
15. Super computers are used in:
 Nuclear research laboratories
 Weather forecasting
 Oil exploration.
16.

17. RAM and ROM

18. Impact printers and Non-Impact printers.
19. A plotter is a computer hardware device much like a printer that is used for printing
vector graphics. Instead of toner, plotter uses a pen, pencil or markerto draw multiple,
continuous lines on the paper.
20. A laser printer is an output device which is under the category of non-impact printers. It
uses photocopier technology for printing using laser beam.
21. A laser printer uses toner cartridges whereas an inkjet printer uses ink cartridges for
printing.
Laser printers are very fast in printing whereas inkjet printers are slow in the process of
printing.
22. RAM, Random Access Memory is a primary memory. This memory can be accessed
randomly. Information retrieval is very fast from RAM. Random Access Memory is
volatile. That means data is retained in RAM as long as the computer is on, but it is lost
when the computer is turned off.
23. Static RAM (SRAM)
Dynamic RAM (DRAM)
24. RAM is volatile memory whereas ROM is non-volatile.
RAM is for temporary storage whereas ROM is for permanent storage.
 25. SRAM: SRAM is not required to be refreshed which makes it significantly fast. As
compared to DRAM, SRAM has more parts and therefore it consumes a lot more space
on a chip. With less memory available per chip, the SRAM becomes costlier.
DRAM: Dynamic Random Access Memory needs to be refreshed consistently and
contains memory cells with a paired transistor. It stores data bits in the form of charge.
As charge decays with time, the contents of memory also wash. The DRAM contents
start deleting even if the power is on.

26. PROM
PROM is known as Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM).
EPROM
EPROM stands for Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory, which overcomes the
problem of PROM and ROM.
EEPROM
EEPROM stands for Electronically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory.

27. For erasing the contents of this chip, the chip has to be detached from the computer and
has to be exposed to the ultraviolet light.
For removing the contents of the chip, the chip is not required to be detached from the
computer. Its contents can be erased electrically.
Ultraviolet Light is used to erase the content of EPROM. EEPROM contents are erased
using electronic signal.

28. Internet can be used for the following :

 Email facility
 Downloading and uploading files
 Browsing social networking websites
 Audio-video entertainment

29. Chat is a text-based communication that is live or in real-time. For example, when
talking to someone in chat any typed text is received by other participants immediately.
30. Social networking is the use of Internet-based social media sites to stay connected with
friends, family, colleagues, customers or clients. Social networking can have
a social purpose, a business purpose or both, through sites such as Facebook, Twitter,
LinkedIn and Instagram, among others.
31. Video conferencing is a visual communication session between two or more users
regardless of their location, featuring audio and video content transmission in real time.
32. YouTube is a video sharing service where users can watch, like, share, comment and
upload their own videos. The video service can be accessed on PCs, laptops, tablets and
via mobile phones.
33. ePATHSHALA, BHIM(Bharat Interface for Money), AADHAAR

CHAPTER – 4. ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS

Multiple Choice Questions

1. (b)
2. (c)
3. (b)
4. (c)
5. (d)

Fill in the Blanks

 1. Capital
2. Corporation
3. Cooperative Society
4. Risk taking
True or False Questions
1. False
2. True
3. False
4. False
5. False

Short Answer Questions

1.
 Service Business
A service type of business provides intangible products (products with no physical
form). Service type firms offer professional skills, expertise, advice and other similar
products.
Examples of service businesses are: salons, repair shops, schools, banks, accounting
firms and law firms.
 Merchandising Business
This type of business buys products at wholesale price and sells the same at retail price.
They are known as "buy and sell" or trading businesses. They make profit by selling the
products at prices higher than their purchase costs.
A merchandising business sells a product without changing its form. Examples are:
grocery stores, convenience stores, distributors and other resellers.

 Manufacturing Business
A manufacturing business buys products with the intention of using them as materials in
making a new product. Thus, there is a transformation of the products purchased.
A manufacturing business combines raw materials, labour and factory overhead in its
production process. The manufactured goods will then be sold to customers.
Examples of manufacturing business are :

- A textile company manufacturing fabrics from raw material as cotton yarn or wool
and using labour, power, machines for manufacture of cotton/woolen fabrics.

2. List any four characteristics of entrepreneurship.

- Economic and dynamic activity
- Related to innovation
- Profit potential
- Risk bearing
3. Two parties: In case of wage employment there are always two parties involved. One is
known as the employee and the other as the employer.
Contractual nature: Wage employment is always contractual in nature.

4. Name any one factor that is common to both entrepreneurship and wage employment
on contract basis.
Tax payment factor is common for both. When an entrepreneur earns profit more than
the taxable limit, he has to pay the tax to the Government and so is the case in case of
wage employment.

5. Economic factors
 Social Factors
Psychological factors
6. A cooperative is a business organization owned by a group of individuals and is
operated for their
mutual benefit.
7. A partnership is a business owned by two or more persons who contribute resources
into the entity. The partners divide the profits of the business among themselves.
8. Hybrid businesses are companies that may be classified in more than one type of
business. A restaurant, for example, combines ingredients in making a fine meal
(manufacturing), sells a cold bottle of wine (merchandising) and fills customer orders
(service).
9.
PRODUCT BUSINESS SERVICE BUSINESS

Products can be seen and touched. Services cannot be seen or touched.

Customer pays for physical goods. Customer pays for an experience.

A product can be stored. A service cannot be stored.

10. Being the boss

The most significant reward of entrepreneurship is working for your own. The starter is
the boss himself. He becomes the decision maker and sole responsible person for all
activities of the business.
Own Schedule
The rewarding achievement of being self-employed is that the entrepreneur can set his
own schedule. The schedule of work is something which makes either energetic or tired.
There is enough flexibility to set own time.
11.
 Economic and dynamic activity:
Entrepreneurship is an economic activity because it involves the creation and operation
of an enterprise for creating value or wealth by ensuring optimum utilization of
available resources. Since this value creation activity is performed continuously in the
midst of uncertain business environment, therefore, entrepreneurship is regarded as a
dynamic force.
 Related to innovation:
Entrepreneurship involves a continuous search for new ideas. Entrepreneurship
compels an individual to continuously evaluate the existing modes of business
operations so that more efficient and effective systems can be evolved and adopted.

CHAPTER – 5. GREEN SKILLS

Multiple Choice Questions

1. (b)
2. (a)
3. (b)
4. (c)
5. (e)
6. (c)
7. (a)
8. (c)

Fill in the blanks

 1. Biotic
2. Abiotic
3. Producers
4. Decomposers
5. Ozone
6. Green environment

True and False Questions

1. True
2. True
3. True
4. False
5. False
6. False
7. True
8. True
Short Answer Questions

1. Environment is defined as the circumstances and physical conditions that surround and affect
an organism or group of organisms.
2. Natural environment consists of two components; biotic and abiotic.

- Biotic components: Biotic components are the living things that shape an
ecosystem. Examples of biotic components include animals, plants, fungi and
bacteria.
- Abiotic components: Abiotic components are non-living components that influence
an ecosystem. Examples of abiotic factors are temperature, air currents and
minerals.

3. An ecosystem is a community of plants and animals interacting with each other in a given
area and also with their non-living environments.
4. There are two main components of an ecosystem which are in constant communication with
each other. They are the biotic components and the abiotic components.
5. Autotrophs are Producers. Producers are the plants in the ecosystem, which can generate
their own energy requirement through photosynthesis, in the presence of sunlight and
chlorophyll. All other living beings are dependent on plants for their energy requirement of food
as well as oxygen. They use light energy and synthesize food on their own, e.g. plants, green
algae, etc.
6. Heterotrophs are the consumers. They directly or indirectly depend on producers for their
food.
7. Sunlight, water, air, food and a habitat with the right temperature are the basic requirements
of living organisms.
8. Human beings live in the nature and interact with it constantly. Humans need to interact with
the environment to obtain our food, water, fuel, medicines, building materials and many other
things.
9.
- Degradation of Land and Soil Erosion
- Deforestation
10. We need to conserve natural resources because these are limited. If these resources are
abused and harmed, we will have short quantity of sources for food and living and this will be a
threat to human being.
11. Greenhouse gases are creating global warming. Due to this global warming, glaciers are
melting, sea level is rising.
12. Avoid the consumption of gases dangerous to the ozone layer
Minimize the use of cars.
13. - By planting more and more trees.
- By conserving water.
- By saving energy.
- By reducing pollution.
14. A green economy is defined as low carbon, resource efficient and socially inclusive.
15. Green economy aims at :
- Achieving sustainable growth
- Saving energy
- Protecting biodiversity and ecosystems
- Improved governance
- Poverty reduction
- Creating new jobs
16. Green skills contributes in preserving or restoring environmental quality for sustainable
future. It that protect ecosystems and biodiversity, reduce energy and minimize waste and
pollution. It also creates new jobs.
17. Skills for achieving sustainability are known as green skills. These skills include technical
skills, knowledge, values and attitudes needed in the workforce to develop and support
sustainable social, economic and environmental outcomes in business, industry and the
community.
18.
 State Biodiversity Boards/Biodiversity Management Committees
 Tourism (as Nature/Eco-tourist Guides)
 Agriculture (as organic farmers/ green practitioners)
 Water management

PART – B

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION TO IT-ITeS INDUSTRY

Multiple Choice Questions

1. d
2. d
3. b
4. d
Fill in the Blanks
1. National Electronic Funds Transfer
2. Real Time Gross Settlement.
3. Mobile
4. Computer Aided Manufacturing
5. 24 x 7
True or False Questions
Answers.
1. False
2. True
3. True
4. False
5. True
6. True
7. False
8. True
Short Answer Questions

1. ITeS stands for Information Technology Enabled Services.

ITeS is form of outsources services which has involvement of IT in different fields like
finance, HR, administration, health care, telecommunication, manufacturing etc.
2.ITeS is used in :
 Medical Transcription
 Document Processing
 Data Entry and Processing
 Data Warehousing
3.
- Do not share personal information to unwanted emails.
- Never provide passwords, OTPs to anyone.
- Do not respond to the mails which offer you prizes and gifts.
- Do not share your personal information (bank account, credit or debit card number,
mobile number) on the social websites.
4. Information Technology (IT) is playing vital role for developing the libraries and information
centres. Besides having database of all books, issued books, available books, libraries are also
facilitating reading of E-journals, E-books etc.
5. IT is used in business for various activities like :
- budgeting
- sales analysis
- financial forecasting
- managing and maintaining stocks
- Distribution
- Marketing
6. Computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)
CAD and CAM applications are used for drawing, designing and for simulating and testing the
designs. Computers are used for storing large amount of data, performing complex calculations.
7. - NEFT (National Electronic Funds Transfer)
- ATMs
- Net Banking
- Mobile Banking
- Aadhaar Centres (Specialized bank branches are also providing the Aadhaar Centre
services)
8.
 Diagnosis
 CAT machine
 ECG machine
 MRI machine

9.
 Income Tax Department - incometaxindiaefiling.gov.in
 Railways Reservation - www.irctc.co.in
 NCERT E-Pathshala – epathshala.nic.in
 MUDRA - Micro Units Development & Refinance Agency Ltd. – mudra.org.in
 Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana - https://www.pmjay.gov.in/
10. e-Learning refers to using electronic applications and processes to learn.
 IT enabled learning provides online learning that suits to everyone’s needs.
 Quick delivery of lessons is done through ITeS.
 ITeS enabled learning helps in paperless learning and protects environment.
11. Net Banking is the use of Banking Services through the Internet. It is a convenient and
powerful tool that allows a user to do different types of transactions in his accounts at the click
of a mouse. It is real time, giving up-to-the-second details on your account.

With the Net Banking, a user can do the different types of transactions and make enquiry. These
have been mentioned below :

 Check account balances and download account statement in different formats, instantly
 Book Fixed Deposit/Recurring Deposit
 View Credit Card details and pay Credit Card Bills

Long Answer Questions

1. Business Process Outsourcing, popularly known as BPO, is the business strategy where one
company hires another company to perform a certain task for them, i.e. they outsource a certain
job.

Services offered by BPO companies

 Customer support services: 24/7 inbound / outbound call center services
that address customer queries and concerns through phone, email and live
chat.
 Technical support services: Installation, product support, running support,
troubleshooting, usage support and problem resolution for computer
software, hardware, peripherals and internet infrastructure.
 Telemarketing services: Interacting with potential customers and creating
interest for the customer's services/ products. Up-selling, promoting and
cross selling to existing customers and completing online sales processes.
 Insurance processing: New business acquisition and promotion, claims
processing, policy maintenance and policy management.
 Data entry and data processing: Data entry from paper, books, images, e-
books, yellow pages, web sites, business cards, printed documents, software
applications, receipts, bills, catalogs and mailing lists.
 Form processing services: Online form processing, payroll
processing, medical billing, insurance claim forms processing and medical
forms processing.
2. e-Learning applications and processes include Web-based learning, computer-based learning,
virtual classrooms and digital collaboration. Content is delivered via the Internet,
intranet/extranet, audio or video tape, satellite TV and CD-ROM.

Digital revolution has led to remarkable changes accessing, discussing and sharing of contents.
Online educational courses can be taken up by office goers, housewives and school-droppers
too, at the time that suits them. Depending on their availability and comfort, many people
choose to learn at weekends or evenings.

Learner can access the content any number of times. This is especially required at the time of
revision when preparing for an examination. In traditional form of learning, if you cannot attend
the lecture, then you have to prepare for that topic on your own; in e-Learning, you can attend
the lectures with ease. Moreover, the learner can get updated content.
3. Modern electronic health records have improved the quality of patient care and
communication between staff. Using computers, tablets and smartphones enables doctors and
nurses to manage treatment more effectively. Computer technology can also help to
communicate and share knowledge between medical practitioners and patients. Doctors use
computers to manage and record patient information, which can help them to make a more
accurate diagnosis, especially if multiple doctors are working with the same patient.

The computerized machines are used for ECG, EEG, Ultrasound and CT Scan. The variety of
measuring instruments and surgical equipment are used to monitor patients’ conditions during
complex surgery. Expert system is used for diagnosis. Health care manufacturing companies use
computers to aid the production of diagnostic tools and instruments. Computers are an integral
part of laboratories and dispensaries. They are used in scanning and diagnosing different
diseases.

CHAPTER 2. DATA ENTRY AND KEYBOARDING SKILLS

Multiple Choice Questions

1. c
2. c
3. b
4. c
5. c
6. c
7. a
8. b
9. c
10. b
11. b
12. d
13. a
14. c
15. c
16. c
17. b
Fill in the blanks

1. 12
2. Caps Lock
3. Spacebar
4. Delete
5. Shift
6. WPM
7. Right of
8. Numbers(numerals)
9. Pointing
10. Selecting, editing, moving
11. Clicking
12. Screen
13. Last
14. Right
15. Four, Five
16. Words per minute
Write True or False

1. False
2. True
3. True
4. False
5. True
6. False
7. False
8. False
9. False
10. True
11. False
12. False
13. True
14. True
15. True
16. True
17. False
18. False
19. False
20. False
21. False
22. True
Short Answer Questions

1. Name the different types of keys present on the keyboard ?

 Alphabet Keys
 Number Keys
 Punctuation keys
 Alt key
 Arrow Keys
 Shift Key
 Backspace Key
 Caps Lock Key
 Ctrl key
 Delete Key
 Enter Key
 Esc key
 Function Keys
 Spacebar
 Symbol Keys
 Tab Key
 Navigation Keys
2. Ctrl + Home

3. There are number of other keys on the keyboard which do special function other than typing
a character. These keys are :

 Function Keys
 Cursor Control Keys
 Esc Key
  Control Key
 Shift Key
 Enter Key
 Tab Key
 Insert Key
 Delete Key
 Scroll Lock Key
 Num Lock Key
 Caps Lock Key
 Pause/Break Key

4. The keys from F1 to F12, present on the top row of the keyboard are called Function keys.
These keys do special tasks. In different programs, they have different function.

For example; almost in every program, F1 key is assigned a special function of Help.

5. Scroll button

6. Optical mouse

7.

 Ball Mouse
 Scroll Mouse
 Optical Mouse

8. Arrow keys are used to move the cursor in different directions. These key are also called
Cursor Control Keys.

9. Alphabet Keys

These keys are used to type words. Like your English alphabet, they are 26 in number.

The alphabet keys are not placed in an alphabetic manner. These are placed in a special manner
(popularly known as QWERTY).

Number Keys
These keys are used to type number. They are marked as 0 to 9.

Number keys are present on the keyboard on two locations. One above the alphabet keys and
the other at right side of the keyboard.

The right side of the keyboard is also called numeric keypad.

There is a Num Lock key on the numeric keypad. To use this keypad, Num Lock key is pressed
once. By pressing this key, Num Lock indicator light turns on. When this light is on, this means,
you can type the numbers.

Punctuation keys

All of the keys relate to punctuation such as the comma(,), period(.), semicolon(;), brackets({ }, [
] ), question mark (?), single quotation mark (' ')double quotation mark(" ") and so on.
Also, all of the mathematical operators such as the plus sign (+), minus sign (-) and equal sign
(=).

10. Home Keys

The fingers are trained to make the correct movement to other keys and each finger returns
immediately to its respective home key after it has depressed the corresponding key in any
other row.

Guide keys

On a computer keyboard, keys ‘F’ and ‘J’ are called guide keys for left and right hand,
respectively. Both contain a small raised tangible mark with the help of which the touch typist
can place the fingers correctly on the home keys.

11. See answer above.

9. The home row keys for your left hand are A, S, D and F and your right hand are J, K, l and ;
(semicolon).

10. Number keys, Cursor movement keys, +, - , Ins, Enter etc.

11.

 Beginner courses helps to learn the position of keys on the keyboard. After completing
this course, you will know which finger to use to hit each key without looking at the
keyboard.
 The Experienced course helps to improve your typing speed by memorizing frequently
used syllables and words.
 The Advanced course helps you to perfect the skills acquired by typing an actual text.
 The Testing course tests your touch typing skills.

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Typing ergonomics provides the logistic support for efficient and effective typewriting. They
are important to attain and maintain accuracy and speed. Some of these factors included are as
given as below.

 Proper sitting posture

 Proper position of hands
 Proper monitor placement
 Proper mouse and keyboard placement
 Proper chair and table placement
 Proper placement of matter to be typed
 Proper positioning of fingers on the keyboard
2.
 Rapid Typing Tutor is a good program to help novice typists improve, but experienced
typists looking to increase their speed may be frustrated by the program's interface.
 The program contains a series of lessons that scroll across the screen as the user types.
Users can choose from lessons consisting of letters, syllables, capital letters, digits and
symbols or text.
  User can check his typing speed in w.p.m or c.p.m.

3. Typing accuracy is defined as the percentage of correct entries out of the total entries typed.

Typing accuracy calculation.

 Accuracy(words) % = (100% - words with errors * 100) / Total number of words

 Accuracy(characters) % = (100% - characters with errors * 100) / Total number of
characters
 Accuracy(keystrokes) % = (100% - keystrokes with errors * 100) /Total number of
keystrokes

In the touch typing technique, the typing rhythm is very important. Typing rhythm means the
keystrokes should come at equal intervals. To control the constant typing speed, the Slowdown
indicator is used.

CHAPTER – 3 DIGITA DOCUMENTATION : WORD PROCESSING

Multiple Choice Questions

1. (c )
2. (c)
3. (e)
4. (c)
5. (b)
6. (a)
7. (a)
8. (b)
9. (b)
10. (d )
11. (c)
12. (d )
13. (c)
14. (a)
15. (b)
16. (d)
Answer True or False

1. False 2. False 3. False 4. True 5. True

6. False 7. True 8. False 9. False 10. True
11. False 12. True 13. True 14. True 15. True
16. True 17. False

Short Answer Qeustions

1. Word processing is a way using specialized word processing program to process textual
matter and create documents.
2. OpenOffice Writer, LibreOffice Writer, MS-Word, WordPad
3.
 Typing in a word processor is very fast since there is no mechanical carriage movement.
When there is an end of the line, the matter (word) automatically jumps to the next line
without pressing enter key.
 A document in a word processor may be very lengthy and run into hundreds of pages.
 The margins of the document can be set in the word processors.
  Text editing is possible in a very simple way in the word processors.
 Word processor programs provide powerful feature of spell check.
4. File, View, Insert, Format, Table, Tools, Window and Help menus.
5. Margination is the space in a document on all the four sides (top, bottom, left, right). The text
typed in a document cannot break this boundary and remains within the area surrounded by
the margins.
6. Top, bottom, left and right margins.
7. The setting of the typed text that determines how the text is displayed horizontally on the
page is called alignment.
8. The four primary types of text alignment include left aligned, right aligned, centered and
justified.
9. Header and footer are the information that is displayed on the top and bottom of the
document respectively. Both headers and footers are useful in enhancing the document. The
information in header or footer area generally consists of document title, chapter titles, page
number, number of pages, date of creation, creator, date last saved, filename etc.
10. Pagination is a process of taking a complete document and breaking it into separate pages
for printing or viewing.
In a word processor pagination is automatically created by creating new pages, to create a new
page a page break is inserted into the document.
11. Page setup can be by clicking Format > Page. Page Style dialog box appears on the screen.
There are various tabs using which you can set your page in different manner. You can select
margins orientation, header and footer and many more styles from the Page Style dialog box.
12. The top, bottom, left and right all margins are 0.79 inch or precisely 2 cm each. It is to be
noted that margins are available in centimeters also.
If we convert 0.79 inch to centimeters, we get = 0.79 x 2.54 = 2.0066 or precisely 2 cms.
13. The ability to change text by adding, deleting and rearranging letters, words, sentences and
paragraphs. Text editing is the main operation users perform in word processors.
14. Block operations in Writer include the following activities.
1. Selecting text
2. Copying text
3. Cutting Text
4. Pasting Text
15. Formatting refers to the appearance or presentation of the document. It includes changing
the appearance of the text, adding pictures and graphics and controlling the layout of the text on
the page.
16. Selecting text or object and to place the same in another place of the document is called
dragging.
All word processing programs allow you to select text and drag the selected text to another
place in the document.
17. Save option is used to save the existing document with the same name or new document for
the first time. Save As option is used to save the existing file with another name.
18. Bullets and numbering are most useful in creating lists in your document. Bullets are used
for unordered list (disc, circle etc.) whereas numbering is used for ordered list (1,2, 3…………
or i., ii., iii. Etc.)
19. Cut command removes text or other content from the document and save it on the clipboard
while Delete removes text or other content from the document without saving to the clipboard.
The text or contents placed on the clipboard by the Cut command can be pasted at some other
place in the same or other document.
Long Answer Questions

1.
  Typing in a word processor is very fast since there is no mechanical carriage movement.
When there is an end of the line, the matter (word) automatically jumps to the next line
without pressing enter key. This feature of the word processors is called word wrap.
 A document in a word processor may be very lengthy and run into hundreds of pages.
 The margins of the document can be set in the word processors.
 Text editing is possible in a very simple way in the word processors.
 Word processor programs provide various text formatting features.
 Word processor programs provide powerful feature of spell check.
 Various types of charts, objects, pictures etc. can be inserted in the documents.
 Mail merging is a powerful tool of the word processor programs.
2.A font is a set of printable or displayable textcharacter in a specific style and size.
 Times New Roman
 Georgia
 Cambria
 Trebuchet MS
 Calibri
 Verdana
3. Word counting in a document can be done in the following manner :
 Select the text.
 Click Tools > Word Count option.
Writer will show the counting of words in the selected text and the words in the whole
document.
If you do not select the text, Writer will show the counting of words in the whole
document.

4. Margin is the space in a document on all the four sides (top, bottom, left, right). The text
typed in a document cannot break this boundary and remains within the area surrounded by
the margins.
There are four types of margins in a document :

 Top
 Bottom
 Left
 Right
The top, bottom, left and right all margins are 0.79 inch or precisely 2 cm each.

5. Formatting refers to the appearance or presentation of the document. It includes changing

the appearance of the text, adding pictures and graphics and controlling the layout of the text on
the page.
You can apply many formats to characters using the buttons on the Formatting toolbar. The
Formatting toolbar is shown below as a floating toolbar, customized to show only the icons for
character formatting.

The Formatting toolbar, showing icons for character formatting.

Writer can be set to automatically format parts of a document according to the choices made on
the Options page of the AutoCorrect dialog box (Tools > AutoCorrect > Options).

You can change the case of the text in your document and you can select out of the different case
settings.
i. Sentence case

ii. lowercase

iii. UPPERCASE

iv. Capitalize Every Word

v. tOGGLEcASE

You can also make the text superscript or subscript.

1. Select the text that you want to make superscript or subscript.
2. Do one of the following:
 Choose Format > Character >Position and then select Superscript or Subscript.
 Press Ctrl + Shift + P to make the text superscript and Ctrl + Shift + B to make the text
subscript.

Formatting a Document

Page formatting includes the page margins, text blocks, images, object padding and any grids
or templates used to define positions of objects on the page.

Changing Page Orientation

All page properties for Writer text documents, like for example the page orientation, are defined
by page styles. By default, a new text document uses the Default page style for all pages. If you
open an existing text document, different page styles may have been applied to the different
pages.

It is important to know that changes that you apply to a page property will only affect the pages
that use the current page style. The current page style is listed in the Status Bar at the lower
window border.

To Change the Page Orientation for All Pages

If your text document consists only of pages with the same page style, you can change the page
properties directly:

1. Choose Format > Page.

2. Click the Page tab.
3. Under Paper format, select Portrait or Landscape.
4. Click OK.
This page is also available when creating or modifying a graphics style or modifying a
presentation style.

6. Page layout means arrangement of various elements; text, images and other objects on a page.
The term describes how each page of your document will appear when it is printed. The page
layout of a printed or electronic document encompasses all elements of the page. In Writer,
page layout includes elements such as the margins, text blocks, images, the number of columns,
how headers and footers appear and other considerations. As you design your pages, you can
use the tools that the Writer provides.
 CHAPTER – 5 DIGITAL DOCUMENTATION : GRAPHICS, SPELLING CHEK AND TABLES
INWRITER

Multiple Choice Questions

1. (c) 2.(a) 3.(d) 4. (d) 5. (c) 6. (c)

7. (a) 8. (a)

Matching Questions I

1.  2

2.  3

3.  1

Answer True or False:

1. False 2. False 3. False 4. False

Match Questions II

Answers

1.  4

2.  1

3.  5

4.  2

5.  3

Short Answer Questions

1.
 Click in the document where you want the image to appear.
 Choose Insert > Picture > From File from the menu bar.
 On the Insert Picture dialog box, navigate to the file to be inserted, select it and
click Open. At the bottom of the dialog are two options, Preview and Link. Select
Preview to view a thumbnail of the selected image on the right, so you can verify that
you have the correct file.

 Open the Fontwork Gallery by clicking the icon on the Drawing toolbar or on the
Fontwork toolbar. If the Drawing toolbar is not showing, you can go directly to the
Fontwork toolbar by selecting View > Toolbars >Fontwork from the main menu bar.
 Select style from the Fontwork Gallery and click OK.
  The text Fontwork in the selected style appears in the document. Double-click the object
to edit the Fontwork text. Type your own text in place of the black Fontwork that
appears over the object.
 Press Esc key or click outside the area with the blue resizing handles to exit.
3. A row is horizontal grid of cells in a table.

4. A column is a vertical grid of cells in a table.

5. A cell is the intersection of a column and row.

6. By clicking Insert > Table > Insert.

7. Thesaurus is a feature of a word processor program that provides synonyms (words with

similar meanings) for any given word.

Long Answer Questions

1. Tables are a useful way to organize and present large amounts of information. They can often
be used as an alternative to spreadsheets. A well-designed table can help readers
understand better what you are saying. While you would normally use tables for
text or numbers, you could put other objects, such as pictures, in cells.

Writer makes it easy to transform the text into a list. Each line of content will become a row and
anything separated by the chosen item (tab, paragraph, semicolon or other) will be placed in its
own row. The steps and images below explain the process.

1. Structure your text so that content from each row is on its own line and the content of each
cell that you want created is separated by one of the available options, such as using a comma.
Formatting, such as bold or italics, applied to text will be retained in the table.
2. From the menu toolbar, click Table.
3. Hover over or click on Convert and select Text to Table…
4. This will bring up an options dialog box.
5. The default option is Tabs – this will place each segment of content separated by a tab into its
own table cell. Each line will be turned into its own row in the table. Other options include:
 Paragraph – content on its own line will be placed in its own cell and row.
 Semicolon – content between semicolons will be placed in its own cell. Each row is placed
on its own line.
 Other – the user selects an option, such as a comma and the content between the user
selected option will be placed in its own cell. Each row is placed on its own line.
6. After you select the option you want to use, click OK.

Nested Table

You can create tables within tables. To achieve this, click in a cell of an existing table.

Click Table > Insert > Table.

Select the number of rows and columns from Insert Table dialog box.
2.

Merging Cells

 Select the adjacent cells of the table you want to merge.

 Right click the mouse on the selected cells.
 Click Cell > Merge option.
The selected cells will be merged.
Splitting Cells

 Place the cursor in that cell which is to be split.

 Right click the mouse in that cell.
 Click Cell > Split option.
Split Cells dialog box will open.
 Give the number in which the cell to be split into.

3. What are the different formatting styles for a table ?

Specifying table borders

On the Table Format dialog box, select the Borders tab.

Here you can set borders for a whole table or groups of cells within a table. In addition, a
shadow can be set for the whole table.
Borders have three components: where they go, what they look like and how big a space is left
around them.
 Line arrangement specifies where the borders go. If a group of cells is selected, the
border will be applied only to those cells. You can specify no border or any combination
of border for the outside edges and the cell divisions—either by selecting a default
arrangement or by clicking on the lines in the User-defined area to get exactly what you
want.
 Line specifies what the border looks like: the style and color. There are a number of
different styles and colors to choose from.
 Spacing to contents specifies how much space to leave between the border and the cell
contents. Spaces can be specified to the left, right, above and below. Check Synchronize
to have the same spacing all the way round.
Shadows always apply to the whole table. A shadow has three components: where it is, how
thick it is and what color it is. Set each of these under Shadow style on the dialog box.
If Merge adjacent line styles is checked, two cells sharing a common border will have their
borders merged, rather than being side by side.
To reset everything if you are having problems with borders, right-click in the table and
select Table > Borders or select Table > Table Properties > Borders and then select the Set
no borders icon under Line arrangement: Default (the box on the left).
Selecting background colors and graphics
The background of a table, a cell or a group of cells can be set to a color or a background graphic.
If you select an image, you can position it in the cell (or group of cells), stretch it to fill the space
or tile the image across the cells. You can set the background for the whole table in the same
way.
To set the background for a cell, row or table:
1. Select the cells you wish to work with. If you are changing the background for a row or
table, just place the cursor anywhere inside the row or table to be changed.
2. Right-click and select Table from the pop-up menu or select Table > Table Properties
from the main menu.
3. In the Table Format dialog box, select the Background tab.

4. In the For section, chose whether to apply the settings to cell, row or table. If you
choose Cell, any changes apply to all the selected cells.
5. In the As section, choose whether the background is a color or a graphic.
6. To apply a color, select the color and click OK.
7. To apply a graphic, first select the graphic to use. This must be a graphic file accessible
from your computer. (Writer supports a large number of graphics formats.)
o You have the option with the Link checkbox to link the graphic file. If it is linked,
changes to the graphic (for example, if you edit it in a different package) will be
reflected in your document. However, you also need to keep the linked graphic
file with the document file. If, for example, you email the document without the
graphic file, the graphic will no longer be visible.
o Under Type, select the type of placement for the graphic. If you choose Position,
you can select where to position the graphic within the cells, row or table. If you
choose Area, the graphic is stretched to fill the whole area. If Tile, the graphic is
tiled (repeated horizontally and vertically) to fill the area.
o If the Preview checkbox is checked, the graphic displays in the pane above the
checkbox.
To apply the graphic, click OK.

CHAPTER 6. DIGITAL DOCUMENTATION:MAIL MERGE

Multiple Choice Questions

 1. (b) 2. (c) 3.(b) 4. (d) 5. (c)

I. Match the following

1.  2

2.  3

3. 1

True or False Questions

1. False 2. False 3. False 4. True

Short Answer Questions

1. The data source is a document, spreadsheet or database that contains personalized

information such as names, addresses and phone numbers.
2. The mail merge process involves taking information from one document, known as the
data source, combining with another document known as the main document.
The Main Document can be a Form Letter, Labels, Email or Directory.
3. Word Processor, Spreadsheet or Database programs.

Long Answer Questions

1. Mail merging is a process that involves taking information from one document, known as the
data source, combining with another document known as the main document. The Main
Document can be a Form Letter, Labels, Email or Directory.

 With mail merge process, a number of copies of the same letter or document can be sent
to the recipients.
 This process saves a lot of time of the user.

2. Main document is a main file in which the fixed contents like a letter, label, report, email or
directory has been written. This main document is the document with the same characteristics
as the normal document is in Writer.

Data Source

Data source can be prepared in Writer, Calc or Base.

Since you are familiar with spreadsheet program Calc, you can prepare your data file in Calc
with the desired field headings.

Main document

A main document can be opened in Writer by clicking File > New or when you just start Writer,
the first document opens as a new document.
Click Tools > Mail Merge Wizard. Mail Merge Wizard will appear on the screen.
Select Use the current document and click Next.
From the wizard, select Letter and click Next.
Tell the wizard which data source to use.
Add field names in your document. These fields name will be brought from the data source.
To include field names in your document, place the cursor at the position, where you want to
insert the fields.
Click Insert menu and click Fields option and then More Fields option in the sub-menu. Fields
dialog box appears on the screen.

Click Database tab in the Fields dialog box.

Select Mail merge fields option.

Now place the cursor in the main document where you want to print data of any particular field.
The field will be placed in the document within <>.

The main document is now ready.

CHAPTER : ELECTRONIC SPREADSHEET : INTRODUCTION TO CALC

Multiple Choice Questions

1.(b) 2.(b) 3.(c) 4. (c) 5. (c) 6.(d)
7.(c) 8.(d) 9.(c) 10.(c) 11.(a) 12.(a)
13. (b) 14.(c) 15.(b) 16.(d) 17.(c) 18.(a)
19.(c) 20.(a) 21.(b) 22.(a) 23.(b) 24.(c)
25.(b) 26.(d) 27.(c) 28.(b) 29.(d) 30.(d)
31.(d) 32.(b) 33.(a) 34.(a) 35.(b) 36.(a)
37. (a) 38.(a) 39.(b) 40.(c)

True or False Questions

1. False 2. True 3. True 4. False 5. True 6. False 7. True 8. False

9. False 10. True 11. False

Match the following

1.  4
2.  3
3.  1
4.  5
5.  2

Match the following

1.  2
2.  1
3.  4
4.  3

Match the following

1.  4
2.  5
3.  1
4.  2
5.  3

Match the following

1.  4
 2.  1
3.  2
4.  5
5.  3
Identify the following pictures.
1. Copy button
2. Cut button
3. Add Decimal Place
4. Decrease Indent
5. Spelling
6. Chart
7. Find & Replace
8. Sum
Short Answer Questions

1. A cell is an intersection of a column and row. It is the smallest unit of the worksheet in which
data can be entered.
2. A row is a horizontal grid of cells in which data is contained. A row represents one complete
record.
3. A column is a vertical grid of cells in which data is contained.
4. A workbook is a combination of worksheets.
5. A worksheet is a grid of several rows and columns containing numerous cells.
6. Text, number, formulas (Errors are also considered to be data in worksheet)
7. Text is a descriptive piece of information, such as names, months or other statistics. They
usually include alphabetic characters.
8. Number data type contains raw numbers or dates.
9. In a spreadsheet a cell range is a collection of selected cells. A cell range can be referred to in a
formula.
10. A formula is an expression which calculates the value of a cell. A formula can also contain a
function.
11. A function is a predefined formula that performs calculations using specific values in a
particular order. Excel includes many common functions that can be used to quickly find the
sum, average, count, maximum value and minimum value for a range of cells.
12. Formula bar in Writer
13. Select the contents. Press Ctrl + C keys.
14. Go to the cell containing formula.
Press Ctrl + C keys.
15. A formula is an expression which calculates the value of a cell. A formula can also contain a
function.
16. A function is a predefined formula that performs calculations using specific values in a
particular order. Excel includes many common functions that can be used to quickly find the
sum, average, count, maximum value and minimum value for a range of cells.
17. MAX( ), AVERAGE( )
18. Click View > Zoom.
From the Zoom & View Layout, select Variable radio button and select the percentage of zoom.
19. Place the cursor/mouse on the cell from where you have you to split the window.
Click Window > Split.
20. Right click the column heading.
Select Hide option from the pop-up menu.
21. Click Format > Page. Page Style dialog box appears for page setting.
22. Write the steps of opening Print dialog box.
Click File > Print to open Print dialog box.

Long Answer Questions

1. Types of charts :

- Column charts
- Bar charts
- Pie charts
- Area charts
- Line charts
- Scatter or XY charts
- Bubble charts
- Net charts

Select the data range in the worksheet.

 Click Insert > Chart. You will see that Column chart has been created for the selected
data. Chart Wizard will also open on the screen showing you types of charts.
 Click any option from the types of charts. (say Pie chart)
 Click Finish button in the wizard. The chart will be inserted in the worksheet.
 Save your worksheet again.

2.
 Type the data in a worksheet.
 Save the worksheet.
 Select the range of data for the chart.
 Click Insert > Chart. Chart Wizard will open on the screen.
 Select Bar chart from the chart types. You will see three sub-categories (in the form of
icons) of bar charts; Normal, Stacked and Percent Stacked.
 Click Stacked icon.
 Click Finish button. The Stacked chart will be inserted in the worksheet.
 Save your worksheet again.
3.
 Labels are the text used to describe the data in the columns and rows.
The top of the column or beginning of any row is an example of a label—which is any
text you use to describe the data in a spreadsheet.
All the column and row headings are labels also.
The rule for labels is; use meaningful name for labels so that while analyzing the data or
preparing the chart, you could easily analyze the data/chart based on the labels.
 Numbers are just that—numbers, as in mathematics. Spreadsheets are usually based on
Numbers. The rule for numbers is; not to include text in numbers.
 Formulas (and Functions) are mathematical expressions built into certain cells that
instruct the spreadsheet to carry out calculations on specified sets of numbers in the
rows and columns. The rule for formula writing is; start with = sign.
4.
 Select the data range in the worksheet.
 Click Insert > Chart. You will see that Column chart has been created for the selected
data. Chart Wizard will also open on the screen showing you types of charts.
 Click any option from the types of charts. (say Pie chart)
 Click Finish button in the wizard. The chart will be inserted in the worksheet.
 Save your worksheet again.
5. You can extend range in the following manner :

In the worksheet, you normally see STD mode at status bar. To enter into extended mode, click
STD option in the status bar. The STD mode converts into EXT mode. When you move from one
cell to other or one range to another, the EXT mode keeps extending the data range under
selection.

To extend data range automatically :

Tools>Options >Calc > General: "Expand references when inserting new rows and columns".
This will expand the references even in those cases when you insert directly below or right of
the existing range.

6. Changing the colour of the text

 Select the cells in which you want to change the colour of text.
 Select drop-down arrow from Font Color icon on the Formatting toolbar.
Font color dialog box appears showing you various colours.
 Select the colour of your choice. The colour of the selected text changes to the desired
colour.
Applying background colour in Calc

 Select the cells to which you want to apply background colour.

 Select drop-down arrow from Background Color icon on the Formatting toolbar.
Background color dialog box appears showing you various colours.
 Select the colour of your choice. The selected colour is applied as the background colour
for the cells.

7. AutoSum feature:
AutoSum feature in a worksheet helps in doing the sum of the selected cells or range of cells
automatically without applying a formula.

The AutoSum button present on the Formula bar is used to do the sum of data entered in cells or
range.

AutoComplete feature

When you are typing in a cell, Calc automatically suggests matching input found in the same
column. To turn the AutoInput on and off, set or remove the check mark in front of Tools > Cell
Contents > AutoInput.
8. Difference between using a formula and using a function for calculations

A function is a pre-defined calculation entered in a cell to help you analyze or manipulate data in
a spreadsheet. All you have to do is add the arguments and the calculation is automatically made
for you. Functions help you create the formulas needed to get the results that you are looking
for.

A formula is a mathematical equation such as adding or subtracting two numbers. A formula

involves numbers values, operators and cell address for doing calculations.

Functions are in-built whereas formulas are user-defined and created by the user according to
the requirements.

9. Referencing and types of referencing

A cell in a worksheet has its unique location at the point of intersection of row and column.
When a particular cell is referred to in a formula, this is called cell referencing.
A cell is referred to in different ways.
When a cell address is referred to in a formula in some special way, its style determines how it
will be referred during the process of calculations.

Using references in formulas

A reference identifies a cell or a range of cells on a worksheet and tells Microsoft Excel where to
look for the values or data you want to use in a formula. With references, you can use data
contained in different parts of a worksheet in one formula or use the value from one cell in
several formulas. You can also refer to cells on other sheets in the same workbook and to other
workbooks.

Referencing is of 3 types:

1. Relative Referencing
2. Absolute Referencing
3. Mixed Referencing

10. Relative referencing

When cells are referred to by their position in the worksheet on the basis of their position
relative to the cell containing the formula, is called Relative Referencing.

This can be understood with the following example-

In the above figure, the total of B and C Columns can be calculated by using a formula
= B2 + C2 in the cell D2
The formula used in D2 cell is interpreted internally in terms of position of cells (B2, C2)
relative to the cell containing that formula i.e. cell D2.
The formula used in D2 cell will adjust itself automatically relative to the current cell.
If that formula is used in D3 cell by copying, it will be interpreted as = B3 + C3. Similarly in
D4 cell, it will be interpreted as = B4 + C4 and so on.
A formula copied from one cell to the other cell adjusts itself according to the position of new
cell.
The formula used in D2 cell adjusts itself automatically relative to the current cell.

11. Components of charts

1. X-Axis : This is the horizontal axis. It is also known as category axis.
 2. Y-Axis : This is the vertical axis. It is also known as value axis. X and Y axes are divide
the plane in four quadrants.
3. Data Series : Data series is a set of values with which a chart is plotted.
4. Chart Area : The total region surrounding the chart is called Chart Area.
5. Plot Area : The part in which data is plotted is called Plot Area. In 2-D charts the plot is
area is bounded by the Category and Value axes.

6. Chart Title : The Chart title is written on the top the chart. It helps the user in
identifying the chart.
7. Axes Titles : These are the titles given to three axes X, Y and Z.
8. Legend : The portion to the right of the plot area is legend. It identifies each data series.
It assigns colours, patterns or symbols to the data series.
9. Gridlines : These lines are the lines both horizontal and vertical in the plot area. These
lines are inserted in the charts to identify the value of data point in the chart easily.
10. Data Label : This is a label which provides additional information about data marker.

CHAPTER 5. DIGIAL PRESENTATION : IMPRESS

Multiple Choice Questions

Short Answer Questions

1.
 In Impress you can create powerful presentations.
 You can show your presentation to a group of audience.
 You can customize your presentations.
 You can add graphics, charts, tables to your slides.
 You can link the presentation to the web.
2.
- When you start Impress, you can simply select Empty presentation from the
Presentation Wizard and then by clicking Create button. You will see a blank
presentation Untitled 1 on the screen.
- If you are already working in Impress, you can select File > New > Presentation.
Or press Ctrl + N keys. You will see the Presentation Wizard and select Empty
presentation from the wizard and click Create button.

3. You can save a presentation by pressing Ctrl + S keys. If you are working on already saved
presentation and editing it, on pressing the Ctrl + S keys, Impress will not ask any question for
saving it. It will silently save the presentation.

If you are working on a new slide, then pressing Ctrl + S keys or using File > Save or File > Save
As option, the Save As dialog box will open and you can save the presentation with a suitable
name in the selected drive or folder. The default extension of presentation file in Impress is
.odp, but you can also save the file as PowerPoint (.ppt) file.

4. Templates are the pre-defined formats for presentation based on which you can create your
presentation. Impress provides a collection of well-designed, freely-licensed,
usable templates for beautiful presentation. Templates save a lot of time of the user in thinking
and creating the presentation with designs and formats.
5. Slide transitions are the effects that take place when one slide gives way to the next slide in
the presentation, like Roll down from top or Fly in from left.

Long Answer Questions

1. There is a gallery of pictures in OpenOffice. You can add a picture in your slides from the
gallery in the following manner :

 Click Tools > Gallery.

An image gallery will be placed below the Formatting toolbar.
 Select a New Theme in the Gallery.
 Select the desired picture.
 Drag the picture on the slide or right-click the image and click Insert > Copy option.
The picture will be placed on the slide.

2. Select the first item and click on the Bullets on/off button and a bullet will appear at the
beginning of the line.
After doing that when you press enter a new bullet will appear.

Or
- Select the text to which you want to apply bullets and numbering.
- Click Format > Bullets and Numbering. Bullets and Numbering dialog box will open on
the screen.
- Select the type of bullets.
- Click OK button in the dialog box.
3. There are several ways to add a slide to a presentation:
 Select Insert > Slide
 Right-click on the Slides pane and select New Slide from the pop-up menu
 Right-click on the main work area while in Slide Sorter view and select New Slide from the
pop-up menu.
 On the work area in Normal view, right click on the active slide and select Slide > New
Slide.
The new slide is inserted after the current slide or in the position where the mouse was clicked.

To delete a slide, use the most convenient among these options:

 In Normal, Outline or Slide Sorter view, select a slide and then click Edit > Delete Slide or
press the Delete key.
 In the Slides Pane (not available in Slide Sorter view) right-click on the slide to be deleted
and select Delete Slide from the pop-up menu, otherwise just select the slide and then
press the Delete key.
 In Normal view, right-click on the work area, then select Slide > Delete Slide from the
pop-up menu.

4. You can view your presentation using View menu. Under View menu, there are several
options to view the slides.

Normal View
Normal View consists of the current slide in the middle and the Slides pane to the left
and the Task pane to the right.
Outline View
In the Outline View, top level entries are the title of a slide and other entries are the
levels of bullet points on the slide.
 This view is useful for planning documents other than slide shows.
Slide Sorter View
In Slide Sorter View, the slides are arranged in the window one by one. It can show you
more slides as compared to Normal View.
Slide Show
Slide Show View is the full-screen view of the slides. In this view, each slide comes on
the screen and remains on the screen for specified period of time or till the mouse click.
This view is used to show the slides to the audience.
Notes View
Notes view shows the current slide in miniature, with a text frame below it for entering
your speaker notes
Handout Page View
A handout is a special view of the presentation suitable to be printed and distributed to
the audience. Each handout page contains from one to six thumbnails of the slides so
that the audience can follow what is presented as well as use it as reference.

5. You can set up a slide show to run automatically, either unattended or while you speak.
To set the default time for slides to be displayed before changing to the next slide, go to the Slide
Transition pane, leave the transition effect set to No Transition, choose Automatically after in
the Advance slide section, set a time and click the Apply to All Slides button.

To vary the times for some slides, choose Slide Show > Rehearse Timings from the menu bar or
click the Rehearse Timings icon on the Slide Show toolbar.
The slide show begins in full-screen mode and a timer appears in the lower left-hand corner of
the screen.

When you want to advance to the next slide, click the timer.
Continue for all slides in your presentation. Impress records the display time for each slide.

Save your presentation.

When you look at the time set under Automatically after, you will see that the times have
changed according to your settings.

If you want the whole presentation to auto-repeat, open the menu Slide Show > Slide Show
Settings.

Click Auto and OK.

Applying a slide transition effect

6. To add a chart to a slide, select the layout in the list of predefined layouts in the task pane or
use the Insert > Chart option.

Creating a chart in AutoLayout

 In the Tasks pane, choose a layout that contains a chart.

 Double-click the chart icon in the center of the chart area. A full size chart appears with
the selected data.

Creating a chart using the Insert > Chart feature

 Select Insert > Chart or click the Insert Chart icon on the Standard toolbar.
A chart created with sample data appears.
 A wide range of chart types and variations are available.
To choose a chart type:
- Double-click the sample chart.
The chart now has a gray border.
 Click the Chart Type icon or select Format > Chart Type or right-click on the chart and
choose Chart Type. The Chart Type dialog box appears.
 As you change selections in the left-hand list, the chart examples on the right and the
chart in the main window, both change.
 Choose the chart characteristics you want and then click OK. The Chart Type dialog box
closes and you return to the edit window. Now you can continue to format the chart, add
data to the chart or click outside the chart to return to normal view.

7.
 Open one of your OpenOffice Impress presentations and click the slide to which you
want to add music.
 Click Insert > Movie and Sound to view the Insert Movie and Sound file dialog box.
 Double-click the music file you want add to the slide. Impress places a small box
containing a speaker icon on the slide, showing that the slide is linked to a music
file.
 Press F5 if would like to preview your presentation. The music will play when
the slide containing the speaker icon appears.

8. Formatting text means giving a presentation a consistent look and a dynamic feel. The
appropriate use of formatting can even enhance the audience’s understanding of your message
by holding their interest.

Formatting tools present in the Formatting toolbar are:

 Styles and Formatting button

 Line button
 Font style box
 Font size box
 Bold, Italics, Underline buttons
 Alignment buttons
 Bullets On/Off button
 Increase Font button
 Reduce Font button
 Bullets and Numbering button
 Font Color button
9. Animations can make a presentation more lively and memorable. Just as with transitions,
heavy use of animations can be fun, but distracting and even annoying for an audience expecting
a professional presentation.

Animation effects need to be applied from Normal View so that you can select individual objects
on a single slide.

1. In Normal View, display the desired slide. Select the object you want to animate.
2. In the Tasks pane, choose Custom Animation.
 Click Add. The Custom Animation dialog box appears.
 Choose an effect from one of the pages of this dialog box and choose the speed or
duration of that effect.
 Click OK to save the effect and return to the Custom Animation page on the Task
pane.
 Here you can choose how to start the animation, change the speed and some
additional properties of the selected effect.

Starting an animation effect

You have three choices for starting an animation effect:

On click—the animation stops at this effect until the next mouse click.
With previous—the animation runs at the same time as the previous animation.
After previous—the animation runs as soon as the previous animation ends.

10. Custom animation in a presentation can be inserted in the following manner :

 Open the presentation/slide where you want to add animation.
 Click Slide Show > Custom Animation.
Custom Animation pane appears on the right side of the Impress window.
 From the Custom Animation pane, click Add to add effects. Custom Animation dialog
box appears on the screen.
 Select the desired effect from the dialog box.
 Click OK button to add the effect in the slide.
 To give Fly in effect, select the option of effect from the Start options. Also select
direction of slide elements and speed of the slide previewing.