AIR Radio Live Officials Directory Radio E-Pao YellOut Calendar eRang Ooba Video eMing Books eYek

News Reviews Manipur Travel Education Features Galleries Leisure Links Mayek Panorama Tools Contribute eMail us
TODAY - Monday, Mar 03, 2025 search on e-pao.net

You Are Here: Home » News Section » Opinions » Opinion On Manipur Integrity Issue Email this article
Print this page
Manipur unrest and the disastrous fallout a legacy of colonial British rule Send a feedback
- Part 1 -
Maheshsana Rajkumar * LATEST IN E-PAO.NET

Draft plan for employment generation #4

Violence in Manipur 2023-2025 : Timeline

The North East State of Manipur is witnessing unrest since 3 May 2023 and there is no end to the vicious cycle of
violence as of today. Manipur kingdom before merger to India in 1949 had 2000 years of monarchical rule with a proud Moirangthem Marjit chairs CCCIS, Hong Kong
history, culture and traditions. The bleak future looms ahead with the very existence of her territorial integrity being
A Place, We Dearly Call Childhood :: Poem
threatened with every passing day.
10th NESOJ Sports Meet at Jalandhar
The article delves into the history of British rule in Manipur and identifies one of the main root causes of the present
Poondi Lake - Chennai's Thirst Quencher
turmoil taking stock of the past autocratic rule and the divisive policies laid in 19th and 20th centuries.
Will the real NDPP stand up ?
The long drawn plan for consolidation hatched by Colonial British is mentioned in “The Gazetteer of India: History and
Culture Volume Two”, 1973, authored by Dr PN Chopra, records that the 18th century was an important landmark in the From February 9, 13 to now
respective histories of Burma, Manipur and Assam. Visible actions under new regime

The glory of the three countries was equally in zenith. However, by the turn of the 19th century the British had appeared Saroi Khangba @ Imphal #1 : Gallery
restless for implementing their policies to make establishment of their rule over the western and eastern frontiers of Biomedical Research Training @ RGU
India. As a matter of their consolidation policies, control over the western frontier was secured by annexing Sind and
Punjab and by making Afghanistan a buffer State between the British and the Russian empire. Betraying Manipur: Centre delay intervention

The Power of Poppy - 71 :: Poem

Control over the eastern frontier was to be secured by annexing Lower Burma and by establishing British authority over
Assam, Manipur, Cachar and Jaintia. In addition, the process of political unification of the country was to be hastened Reliance Postgraduate Scholarships Results
by annexing some of the problem States. On the eastern frontier, war between Burma and British India played in the
School uniform teach student a lesson of unity
logic of history, for it was of vital importance to both the countries to secure control over the frontier by annexing
Assam, Manipur and other border States. Slowly but almost inevitably events moved to a crisis and led to First Anglo- Alan Walker: WalkerWorld India Tour
Burmese War (1824-26).
Radio E-pao: 5 new songs from Sorri Senjam

In fact, Manipur was unavoidably entangled in the spontaneous conflict between the British Imperial power and the Reisangpemmi, Abui, Angkham : eMing
Burmese Empire which was caused due to the stern policies of the British to consolidate its rule up to the whole of
Hackathon on Emerging Tech @ MU
Southeast Asia.
6 Practices to Get Back in Journey of Life
Therefore after the First Anglo-Burmese War (1824-26) the British had transferred Kabaw Valley to Burma on 9 January
The Last Step - Best Film @Sittanavasal
1834 in receipt of 1 million pounds sterling war indemnity in four installments with final installment paid in 1833 and not
to forget the compelling situation that arose to British Supreme Government with Bengal agency houses in 1833 facing National Science Day at IBSD
severe bankruptcy.
LNKR held 2nd Union Assembly
Thus 19th century Manipur is unforgettable forever as her civilization was stamped out with the loss of economic lifeline Making a mockery of the HSLC exams
due to the loss of ancestral land of Manipur along the Chindwin River (Ningthee River) including Kabaw Valley resulting
Total sanitisation of NH-02 essential
in the erstwhile kingdom being landlocked enduring hardship, poverty and curtail- ment of free movements of people on
Shivaratri Shopping List @ Singjamei : Gallery
both sides of the kingdoms.
Mushroom Training at Yangdong Thounaojam
Consequently the British were successful to consolidate its rule over the whole of Southeast Asia by waging three
Call for GoI to Stop Kuki Militants
Anglo-Burmese Wars consecutively (First- 1824-26, Second- 1852-53, Third-1885). In the case of Manipur the Anglo-
Manipuri War broke out in 1891 with one reason being due to the unbearable interference of the British in the internal End AIDS why is the urgency missing ?
affairs of the kingdom.
By a poor lunatic man :: Poem

During the colonial era, with the development of a modern Burmese Nationalism, the colonial experiences made Burma National Science Day 2025
a “South-East Asian” rather than a “South-Asian” Nation, on the one hand and Manipur was geographically pushed as
Disarming all with eyes on normalcy
a “South Asian” Nation, on the other.
Why is KOHUR upset with AT-Bhalla peace?
It is an open fact that kings of Manipur had approached the British Government so as to make retrocession of Kabaw
Valley to Manipur when Upper Burma was conquered during the third Anglo-Burmese War in 1885, but the British had Can the Meiteis in Tripura save Pena ?
ignored it. After independence, during the period of Constitutional monarchy of Manipur, MK Priya Brata Singh, the March Calendar for Year 2025 : Tools
Chief Minister tried to correspond with the British Government on the issue.
puNsi - Punshi :: Seireng
The Government of India under Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, advised the State President's Rule of February 2025
Government not to pursue the matter; and the letter was returned. In fact the British put the Kabaw Valley issue to
notoriety and the complexity of the issue lingers till today for both Manipur (India) and Burma. Coaching centers are dominating children

Good company & environment will prove...

By the turn of the 20th century it was a fact that Manipur was the last kingdom consolidated by the Imperialist power in
the Southeast Asia. Only when the kingdom was in the British colonial yoke it became an Indian State. Since then Sounding Delhi's man with ST call
Manipur had been in the hands of Two Masters one was the Colonial Power and its concerned officials such as Chief
Indo-Naga Talks (From 2012) :: Timeline
Commissioner of Assam, the Political Agent and the Assistant Political Agent holding the post of President of Manipur
State Durbar on the one hand, and the Prince selected by the British Supreme Government as Raja subsequently Diluting false narratives of Meetei bashers
Maharaja and his companion concerned departments such as Manipur State Durbar, Brahma Sabha and Pandit
Student @Class X Exam (CBSE) #1 : Gallery
Loishang, on the other.
Rubbishing Young Kuki's misleading claims
It was an undisputed fact that during the Colonial rule the British had deliberately divided Manipur into Hills and Plain
Deliberate lies & propaganda against Kuki
with the complete separation as the hills people and the plain people socially, religiously, culturally and administratively
(politically). Sir Athelstane Baines, the first Census Commissioner of British India had put Meitei under the category of Chorphon has myriad medicinal benefits
Hills Tribe since 1891 Census of British India. The status of Meitei remained as Hills Tribe until 1931 Census of British
Performing arts linked to socio movement
India.
NER Tech Hackathon 2025
The colonial policy of drawing a hard boundary between the hills and the plains was a sharp break from the past. As a
How about guns of SoO cadres ?
book on the Nagas puts it, “the people of the hills and of the plains or valley are radically different but have always been
interconnected.” Indeed, early colonial officials recognized and took advantage of these historical connections. It is only Snap power connection of defaulters
later that those colonial officials came to believe that the hills and the plains were different entities and adopted policies
severely restricting contact between them. Robin without Robin Hood : Story

Urgent Need for Unbiased Law Enforcement

This new perception led to a policy of strict boundary maintenance that was superimposed on a complex world of
interrelationships. The boundaries between the hill “tribes” and the plain peoples of Assam were, of course, not equally Sivasagar's Shiva Dol
porous in the case of all the hills that became part of colonial Assam. With some of hills, for instance, the Lushai hills Freedom Lost in Rights : Review
(today’s Mizoram), the colonial policy of segregation, combined with economic and cultural changes in the hills and the
See more - latest in E-Pao!
plains that took place during the colonial period, profoundly affected the new projects of peoplehood that emerged in
the region.

These tracts were excluded from the automatic application of laws passed by the Central and provincial legislatures.
The Simon Commission of 1930 replaced the term “backward” with the term “excluded.” Two categories of such areas
were distinguished: excluded and partially excluded areas. While all “tribal” peoples were thought to need some kind of
protection, such protection could not be extended as easily to those “tribes” living alongside “non-tribal” populations.

The enclaves or compact areas that could be identified as areas inhabited by particular tribes were to be classified as
Excluded Areas. Areas where the “tribal” populations lived alongside “non-tribal” populations, and yet the “tribal”
populations were considered undeveloped and were substantial in number, were classified as “partially excluded.”

Legally the main distinction was that, while both types of areas were excluded from the competence of the provincial
and federal legislatures, in administering the excluded areas, the provincial Governors could act in their own discretion,
while in the case of the partially excluded areas, the elected Governments had some jurisdiction, limited by the
supervisory powers of the British Governors.

To be continued...

* Maheshsana Rajkumar wrote this article for The Sangai Express

This article was webcasted on June 01 2023 .

Comment

* Comments posted by users in this discussion thread and other parts of this site are opinions of the individuals
posting them (whose user ID is displayed alongside) and not the views of e-pao.net. We strongly recommend
that users exercise responsibility, sensitivity and caution over language while writing your opinions which will
be seen and read by other users. Please read a complete Guideline on using comments on this website.