Q1.
Define civilisation
Ans: A civilisation is a group of people living together with a well-organised society, culture, and way
of life.
Q2. Why did the civilisations develop near the river valley?
Ans: Civilisations developed near river valleys because water was available for drinking, farming,
and transportation.
Q3. The Mesopotamian Civilisation developed along the rivers - and -
Ans: The Mesopotamian Civilisation developed along the rivers Tigris and Euphrates.
Q4. Which civilisation developed along the river Nile?
Ans: The Egyptian Civilisation developed along the river Nile.
Q5. Name the two rivers along which Shang and Zong civilisation developed.
Ans: The Shang and Zong civilisations developed along the Huang He and Yangtze rivers.
Q6. Who studied the artefacts of Harappa in the 80s?
Ans: Daya Ram Sahni studied the artefacts of Harappa in 1921.
Q7. In the early 20th century who undertook excavations of Harappa?
Ans: Daya Ram Sahni undertook the excavations of Harappa in the early 20th century.
Q8. R.D. Banerji discovered another large city in the year -
Ans: R.D. Banerji discovered Mohenjo-Daro in the year 1922.
Q9. What is the extent of the IVC?
Ans: The Indus Valley Civilisation spread from present-day northeast Afghanistan to Pakistan and
northwest India.
Q10. Mohenjodaro signifies -. Where is it located?
Ans: Mohenjodaro means 'Mound of the Dead' and it is located in present-day Pakistan.
Q11. Where is Harappa situated?
Ans: Harappa is situated in present-day Punjab, Pakistan.
Q12. - was the earliest known fortified city that had a citadel and -
Ans: Kot Diji was the earliest known fortified city that had a citadel and a lower town.
Q13. Why is Koli Bangan famous?
Ans: Koli Bangan is famous because ploughed fields were found there, showing early evidence of
farming.
Q14. - was a well-constructed town.
Ans: Mohenjodaro was a well-constructed town.
Q15. - had a dockyard.
Ans: Lothal had a dockyard.
Q16. - is the easternmost Harappan settlement in U.P.
Ans: Alamgirpur is the easternmost Harappan settlement in U.P.
Q17. The Harappan city is divided into - and -
Ans: The Harappan city is divided into citadel and lower town.
Q18. Give the social distribution of Harappan.
Ans: Harappan society had different groups like rulers, priests, traders, craftsmen, farmers, and
labourers.
Q19. Name 2 crops grown by Harappans.
Ans: Two crops grown by Harappans were wheat and barley.
Q20. Define Artisanship.
Ans: Artisanship means the skill of making things by hand, like pottery, beads, and tools.
Q21. Who was Mother Goddess?
Ans: The Mother Goddess was a female figure worshipped by the Harappans, believed to represent
fertility.
Q22. Who was Pashupati?
Ans: Pashupati was a deity shown on a Harappan seal, believed to be an early form of Lord Shiva.
Q23. Define Trade.
Ans: Trade is the buying and selling of goods between people or places.
Q24. How do you know that Harappans believed in life after death?
Ans: Harappans buried the dead with pottery, tools, and ornaments, showing they believed in life
after death.
Q25. Name 2 countries with whom the Harappans traded.
Ans: Harappans traded with Mesopotamia and Afghanistan.
Q26. Significance of seal.
Ans: Seals were used for stamping goods, identifying ownership, and had important signs and
animals on them.
Q27. What was their recreational activity?
Ans: The Harappan people enjoyed dice games, dancing, music, and playing with toys and animal
figures.
