How do; I use modal verbs?

-jng or to + infinitive?
1 Tick the correct sentence in each pair.
1 Tick the correct sentence in each pair.
1 a If workers are sick. the!:!must to sta!:!homeand rest 1 a Ijust managed to avoid hitting the car in front of me.
b If workers are sick. the!:!must sta!:!homeand rest b Ijust managed to avoid to hit the car in front of me.
2 a In this wa!:!.children can learn from what the!:!have done. 2 a I want telling !:!ou a little about myself.
b In this wa!:!.children can learning from what the!:!have done. b I want to tell you a little about myself,
The following modal auxiliary verbs are followed by the infinitive without to: can, We use to + infinitive after the following verbs: ask, afford, decide, deserve, help, hope,
could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would: learn, offer, prepare, promise, refuse, seem, want, would like:
When travelling, we should respect the customs of the countries we visit. (not should te- Summer seems to arrive later and later these days.
~; should respecting) Nowadays most people would like to have more money.
Modal verbs form questions and negatives without using do: Learn how is also followed by to + infinitive:
Can I help you? (not: Do ! CGlnhelp you?) I want to learn how to drive before I go to university.
Will you meet me when I arrive? (not Do you will meet me) After some verbs, we use -ing: avoid, carry on, consider, deny, enjoy, finish, give up,
You mustn't worry about me. (not You do not must worry aBout me.) imagine, involve, keep, like, mind, practise, recommend, resist, suggest:
When we talk about obligation or necessity using have or need, we use to + infinitive: I really enjoy watching movies at the cinema. (not enjoy to watch)
I have to finish my assignment this weekend. Lookforward to is also followed by -ing:
I! Illi' I need to talk to you. I look forward to hearing your reply. (not! loek forwGlrd te hear your reply)
In questions and negatives, have to and need to behave like normal verbs and we use do: We also use -ing after spend money and spend time:
Do you have to pay extra for breakfast? (not nab'eyou to pay) We spent a lot of money buying CDs last month. We spent $200 buying CDs last month.
They said I don't need to bring my own sleeping bag. (not! needn't to bring) She spent a lot of time looking for information on the internet. She spent over three
hours looking for information on the internet.
III I 2 Correct the mistake below. 1::r Note that like can be followed by -ing or to + infinitive.

2 Correct the mistake below.

We've spent over $300

to buy food for the party.

You
We've spent

3 Correct the mistakes in the sentences below.

3 Fill in the gaps in the following sentences using the verb in brackets.
1 Nowadays, you can to find internet facilities in most hotels. 1 When I was a student, we couldn't afford new textbooks. (buy)
2 We do not should accept this situation any longer. 2 I was 13 when I first learnt how (ice skate)
3 If we want to fix this problem, we must trying our best to change our attitude. 3 What are you most looking forward to when your course finishes? (do)
4 We haven't to stop using cars altogether but we do have to use them less often. 4 'Keep the soup so that it doesn't stick to the bottom of the pan: (stir)
5 Do we can solve the problem of greenhouse gases in our lifetime? 5 My parents have promised me buy a car when I graduate. (help)
6 Need you to take any food and drink with you, or are there shops there? 6 The children spent a long time the best present for their mother. (choose)
7 'Paula, you really must to study harder if you want to pass the exam: 7 I've decided medicine at university. (study)
8 In my school, we have to left our mobile phones at home. 8 Our teacher suggested a barbecue on the last day of term. (have)
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 :"l";;"'" ,~ "~

Verbs after adjectives and prepositions Test 4

1 Tick the correct sentence in each pair.
1 Complete the questions and answers using the words in brackets.
1 a Youngchildren often feel shy to talk to adults.
A: (l) Can I buy stamps at the newsagent's? (can/buy)
b Youngchildren often feel shy talking to adults. Yes,
B: (2) you can. You don't have to go to the post office. (Yes/can. Not/have to/go)
2 a It is easy to understand why.
Do we have to hand our assignment in this Friday? (have to/hand)
b It is easy understanding why. A: (3)
B: (4) No, we don't have to give it in until the following week. (No/not have to/give)
With feel + adjective we use the -ingform of the verb:
A: (5) Does Joe need to take the test on Saturday? (need to/foe/take)
New students do not always feel comfortable speaking English to other people.
B: (6) Yes, so he shouldn't go to the party on Friday. (should/not/go)
After be + adjective, too + adjective and adjective + enough, we use to + infinitive:
I was happy to see her when she arrived. (not! Wfl.S h61f3f3)'
seeing her) 2 Join the two sentences together using the words in brackets.
The lecture was easy enough to understand. (not enough eGlsyor eGlsyuruierst6lndin{;) 1 They went to the cinema. They didn't go to school. (instead of)
They went to the cinema instead of going to school.
After all prepositions (about, by, fro m,fo r, in, of, without, etc.) we use the -ingform of 2 I enjoyed the party. I did not know anyone there. (despite)
the verb; we cannot use a clause (subject + verb): I..........................................................................................................................
enjoyed the party despite not knowing anyone there.
They celebrated their anniversary by organising a big party. 3 I am optimistic about the future. There are so many problems in the world. (in spite
Thank you for helping me so much with my studies.
of) I am optimistic about the future in spite of there being so many problems in the
He opened the door without thinking about what would happen next. (not without he world.
thought)
4 We all enjoyed the course. We had to work so hard. (despite)
f:r Note that despite, in spite of and instead of are considered to be prepositions: We all enjoyed the course despite having to work so hard.
................................................................................................................................
He did not get the job despite getting excellent grades. (not tlespitc he got) 5 My parents gave me some money. They didn't buy me a present. (instead of)
She went to the library instead of going straight home after school. (not insteGldef she My parents gave me some money instead of buying me a present.
.....................................................................................................................................................
went)
I1 6 The company went out of business. They spent thousands of dollars on marketing.
If the following verb is negative, we use not + -ing He got a job despite not getting (in spite of)
good grades. I The company went out of business in spite of spending thousands of
dollars on marketing
2 Correct the mistake below. 3 Find 12 mistakes with to in the candidate's answers. Youmay need to add to or
delete it.
Interviewer: What kind of thing do you like doing in your spare time?
Candidate: Well, I really enjoy to listening to music and I also like doing sport in my
Alice won the tournament
in spite of she was the free time. I think everyone should to look after their body and try keep
youngest player. fit. I love soccer, and I was actually offered a place in my local soccer
team, but I had turn it down because my parents wouldn't to allow me
3 Underline the correct word or phrase in the sentences below. take it.
Interviewer: Are there any new skills you would like to learn in the future?
1 It was easy understanding / to understand why they liked living close to the beach.
Candidate: Well, as I said, I love music, so I would love to learn to play the guitar one
2 When they finally arrived, the students were too tired cooking / to cook anything.
3 I felt very nervous presenting / to present my assignment to the class. day. When I was younger, my parents suggested to studying a musical
instrument, but I wasn't interested at that time. If you want be a good
4 The large tree prevented them from getting / to get wet in the rain.
5 I'm sorry for causing / to cause you so much trouble. musician, you really must to work hard and keep to practising every day.
At that time, I was spending a lot of time to studying so I couldn't do it
6 The lady in front was wearing a hat that was too big seeing / to see over.
then, but I'm looking forward learning to play some time in the future.
7 They still couldn't afford the hotel in spite of receiving / they received a 10% discount.
8 They decided to rent a flat instead of staying / to stay in a hotel.
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 4 Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs in the box.
he gerund or infinitive after allow, advise, make, suggest?
get make practise show speak (x 3) study waste
1 Tick the correct sentence in each pair.
1 a My school does not allow 05 taking holidat}s daring term.
b Mt} school does not allow os to take holidays daring term.
2 a Oar teacher sagge::.tedmeto bOt}a good dictionary.
bOor teacher soggested I boy a good dictionary.

Some verbs are followed by -ing if there is no object and by to + infinitive if there is a
direct object - advise, allow, forbid, permit:
The teacher allowed talking as long as it was in English. (no direct object)
The teacher allowed us to talk as long as it was in English. (us is the direct object)
Make is followed by the infinitive without to:
My boss made me wear a horrible uniform. (not m6lde me t-obb'06lr)
{;J Note that the direct object must come between the verb and the infinitive:

She allowed her dog to sit in the front of her car. (not She allowed to sit he} dog)

In the passive, these verbs are followed by to + infinitive: be advised, be allowed,

'I be forbidden, be made, be permitted:
I was advised to contact my travel agent as soon as the plane landed.
Mary was made to swallow a large dose of medicine by the nurse.
Welcome to our school. I am the principal of the college and I'd just like to say a few Suggest can be followed by -ingwithout a direct object:
words while your teacher is preparing (1) to show you a short video about our John suggested going to a movie.
lovely town. We are all very pleased that you have decided (2) to study at our If there is a direct object, you can use the infinitive without to, or a that clause:
college. Some of you are here for only a few weeks, so you can't afford John suggested we go to a movie. or: John suggested that we go to a movie.
to waste
(3) any time in your studies. Learning (4) to speak any language
practising 2 Correct the mistake below.
involves (5) that language as much as possible. So from today, I
speaking
recommend (6) only English. While you are here, you should consider
(7). making as many friends as possible from other countries so that you don't
spend too much time (8) speaking your own language. Well, I think the video is
ready now. I hope (9) to get the opportunity to meet you all individually at
lunch.
You're
5 Fill in the blanks using the words in brackets.
happy to do (happy / do) it. 3 Correct the mistakes in the sentences below.
1 I didn't mind washing
impossible thetodishes.
mark I was
2 Your essay was (impossible / mark) because the handwriting was 1 I suggest you going and doing your homework now if you want to watch TV later.
too difficult to understand (too / difficult / understand). 2 My parents always made me to clean up my room when I was young.
excited getting 3 I think people should not be allowed using mobile phones in the cinema.
3 Alex felt (excited / get) ready for the party.
too expensive to buy
4 I'm renting a flat not
because it wasto twin (too / expensive / buy) one. 4 Nowadays it is forbidden smoking in many restaurants and public areas.
fit enough
5 Our team was just (not / fit / enough / win) the match. 5 After a lot of effort, I finally made work my new DVD player.
6 There is so much bad news that I often feel (sad / watch) the news 6 The police advised local residents not to leaving their windows open at night.
on Tv. sad watching
7 This ticket will permit that you enter the museum as many times as you like.
8 Our teacher suggested to go to the park for our end-of-term party.
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