SMAW
S H I E L D E D M E T A L A R C W E L D I N G
Jundel Lorenzo
Learning Outcomes
LESSON 1
At the end of this lesson the
learners will be able to:
Enumerate the factors to be
Parts and
considered in choosing
electrode for fillet and plate
welding;
Types of
Identify the parts of an
electrode;
discuss the electrode
Electrode classification number according
to the american welding society
and
Introduction
Basic Shielded Metal Arc Welding
(SMAW), practically utilizes an
electrode. With this, it is vital to know
the parts of an electrode and
classification number according to
requisites set by the American
Welding Society (AWS). It is also
essential to consider the factors in
choosing an electrode to be used.
Factors to consider in choosing an
electrodes for fillet and plate welding
IN JOINING METAL, BOTH IN FILLET
WELD AND GROVE WELD, THE
CHOICE OF AN ELECTRODE PLAYS
A CRUCIAL ROLE IN THE RESULTS
OF THE WELD PENETRATION,
WELD BEAD AND STRENGTH OF
THE WELD. THUS, THE FOLLOWING
FACTORS HAVE TO BE
CONSIDERED IN CHOOSING THE
RIGHT ELECTRODE
Factors to consider in choosing an
electrodes for fillet and plate welding
Kind of metal to be weld. There are
different kinds of metal that can be
welded. An appropriate electrode
according to its kind is warranted to
ensure that such weld works.
Machine to be used. Various welding
machines have their specific current
requirements. By this condition, it
should be carefully noted that not all
electrodes can be used in both
alternating current (AC) and direct
curret (DC), respectively.
Factors to consider in choosing an
electrodes for fillet and plate welding
Thickness of metal to be welded.
The thickness of the metal to be
velded varies. Given this case, the
size of an electrode to be used hould
properly address the thickness of
metal
Welding position. Technically, the
welding position has to be thought
by all concerned workers prior to
the actual work since not all of these
electrodes can be used in all
welding position.
Factors to consider in choosing an
electrodes for fillet and plate welding
Cost limits. There are
expensive and low-cost
electrodes available in the
market. In choosing the
electrode to be used, you
should consider the job
specification required by the
client and the service
condition of the metal to be
welded.
Parts of an Electrode
Flux Coating. It melts during the
welding process and forms a gas
shield that will protect the arc
and the weld pool. It also
becomes a slag that shall cover
the deposited weld from any
form of impurities.
Parts of an Electrode
Core Wire. It comes either in an
aluminium, brass, bronze, cast iron,
copper, mild-steel, high-tensile steel, or
stainless steel to correspond to the type
of metal to be welded. The wire melts
during the welding process and creates
fusion with the base metal, thus, creating
a new kind of metal on the welded area.
1.2 Parts of an Electrode
Electrode Number. This
number in an electrode will
show its tensile strength,
welding position and the power
supply.
ELECTRODES CLASSIFICATION NUMBER OF
AMERICAN WELDING SOCIETY
E - 6011
Common Mild Steel, Low Hydrogen and
Stainless Electrodes
E - 6011 E - 6012 E - 6013
electrode best for all an electrode best for all
for all welding position.
welding position. This welding position except for
This electrode can
material is a deep vertica downwards. Such
achieve mild
penetrating electrode, electrode can attain a
penetration with good
light slag, medium moderate penetration with
quality and
deposition rate and is x- excellent quality and medium
ray quality. slag high deposition rate
Common Mild Steel, Low Hydrogen and
Stainless Electrodes
E - 308
E - 7018
L - 16
an all-purpose electrode. It is a low- an electrode with extremely low
hydrogen type electrode for mild, carbon for welding stainless steel
low alloy and problem steels
LESSON 2 Introduction
The defects in weld will
practically happen in diverse
cases and for various reasons.
To help the future welder to
Weld
avoid making such defects, it
is imperative that these weld
defects should be identified.
Defects It is equally important for the
welders to know why such
defects exist in order to
provide them the
opportunity to repair the
defects.
WELD DEFECTS
refers to the inadequacy of the welded part This defect will happen
when inappropriate welding processes ocor like an inappropriate arc
length, speed travel was too fast or too slow and/or the angle of
electrode was incorrect. The materials being used could be a
contributor such as mismatch and inappropriate electrode size. The
presence of these on the metal joints will cause weakness on the weld
at the same time creates an unwelcome appearance
COMMON WELD DEFECTS
SPATTERS These are droplets of molten materials that are scattered during the
welding process. They can be plainly be identified as they form like a small ball that
stick to the base metal.
COMMON WELD DEFECTS
WELDING DISTORTION AND WARPAGE This is due to excessive heat
being applied to the base metal during the welding process where the
metal expands and contracts in different directions.
COMMON WELD DEFECTS
POROSITY A stuck gas in the weld metal making
it part of the weld and weakens the metal joints.
COMMON WELD DEFECTS
SLAG INCLUSION It is a slag that is stuck in the weld
metal.
COMMON WELD DEFECTS
UNDERCUT It is a groove cut in the toe of the weld that is left
unfilled.
COMMON WELD DEFECTS
INCOMPLETE FUSION The fusion between the base
metal and weld bead is not complete or it is one-sided.
COMMON WELD DEFECTS
POOR PENETRATION There is no proper penetration between the
base metal and the filler metal that will create complete
penetration.
COMMON WELD DEFECTS
CRACK OF WELD This is a crack in the weld metal or the base
metal from excessive stress on the metal during the welding
operation.
THANK YOU
