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EAST WEST INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND

COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

REPORT ON: Simple Projects Based On IoT

Mentor Name: Srinivas Sir

Submitted by:
Abhiram S A (1EW21EC002)
Shreya H J (1EW21EC 120)
Suravi R (1EW21EC130)
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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that "Suravi R, Shreya HJ, Abhiram SA"

students of 3rd year,5th semester of Electronics and
Communication Department has successfully completed their
Project on “Simple Projects Based On IoT” under the guidance
of “Srinivas Sir”.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to extend my sincere and heartfelt thanks towards all those who have
helped me in making this. project. Without their active guidance, help,
cooperation, and encouragement, I would not have been able to present the
project on time.
I extend my sincere gratitude to my principal, my HoD and lecturers for their
moral support and guidance during the tenure of my project.
I also acknowledge with a deep sense of reverence, my gratitude towards my
parents and other faculty members of the college for their valuable suggestions
given to me in completing the project.

Suravi R
1EW21EC130
Shreya H J
1EW21EC120
Abhiram S A
1EW21EC002
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ABSTRACT

This abstract outline the concept and significance of simple IoT-based projects,
highlighting their accessibility, practicality, and educational value. These
projects leverage the Internet of Things (IoT) technology to address everyday
challenges, enhance efficiency, and foster innovation in various domains. By
integrating sensors, microcontrollers, communication modules, and cloud
services, these projects enable the collection, processing, and analysis of data
from the physical world.
They empower individuals, students, hobbyists, and professionals alike to
explore the potential of IoT, develop technical skills, and contribute to the
advancement of smart and connected systems. Through hands-on
experimentation and prototyping, participants gain insights into IoT concepts,
hardware, software, and networking principles.
Moreover, these projects serve as catalysts for creativity, problem-solving, and
interdisciplinary learning, bridging the gap between theory and practice.
Ultimately, simple IoT-based projects serve as invaluable learning tools and
practical demonstrations of the transformative power of IoT technology in
shaping our connected future.
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Introduction to IoT

The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a vast network of interconnected physical devices,
objects, and systems that are embedded with sensors, actuators, and other technologies to
collect and exchange data. These devices are typically cnnected to the internet, allowing
them to communicate with each other and with other internet-enabled devices and systems.
At its core, IoT enables objects to sense their environment, collect data, and make intelligent
decisions based on that data, often without the need for human intervention. This capability
opens up a wide range of possibilities across various industries and applications, including
smart homes, healthcare, agriculture, transportation, manufacturing, and more.

IoT devices come in various forms, ranging from simple sensors and actuators to complex
systems such as wearable devices, smart appliances, industrial machines, and infrastructure
components. These devices can monitor parameters such as temperature, humidity, motion,
light, location, and more, allowing them to gather valuable data about their surroundings.

Once collected, this data can be transmitted to other devices, cloud-based platforms, or
central servers for processing, analysis, and storage. Advanced analytics techniques,
including machine learning and artificial intelligence, can then be applied to derive actionable
insights from the data, enabling organizations to optimize processes, improve decision-
making, and enhance efficiency.
One of the key advantages of IoT is its ability to enable remote monitoring and control of
devices and systems. For example, in a smart home, IoT devices such as smart thermostats,
lighting systems, and security cameras can be controlled and monitored remotely using a
smartphone or other internet-enabled device. Similarly, in industrial settings, IoT-enabled
sensors and actuators can be used to monitor equipment performance, detect anomalies, and
automate maintenance tasks.

However, IoT also presents various challenges and considerations, including security and
privacy concerns, interoperability issues, data management challenges, and scalability issues.
Addressing these challenges requires a holistic approach that encompasses robust security
measures, standardized protocols, data governance frameworks, and collaboration across
industry stakeholders.

Overall, IoT holds immense potential to transform industries, enhance quality of life, and drive
innovation. By connecting the physical world to the digital realm, IoT opens up new
opportunities for efficiency, productivity, sustainability, and convenience, paving the way for a
more connected and intelligent future.
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Here's a brief explanation of some common components used in IoT:

1. Sensors: Sensors are devices that detect and measure physical parameters such as
temperature, humidity, motion, light, pressure, and more. They collect data from the
environment and transmit it to other IoT devices or systems.

2. Actuators: Actuators are devices that control physical processes based on input received
from sensors or other IoT devices. They can perform actions such as turning on/off lights,
adjusting valves, controlling motors, and more.

3. Microcontrollers/Microprocessors: Microcontrollers and microprocessors are the brains of IoT

devices, responsible for processing data, running algorithms, and controlling device
operations. They often include built-in capabilities for connectivity, such as Wi-Fi or Bluetooth.

4. Communication Modules: Communication modules enable IoT devices to connect to the

internet or communicate with other devices. Common communication protocols include Wi-Fi,
Bluetooth, Zigbee, LoRa, and cellular networks (e.g., 4G/5G).

5. Power Sources: Power sources provide energy to IoT devices to operate. These can include
batteries, solar panels, power outlets, or energy harvesting techniques depending on the
specific requirements and deployment scenarios.

6. Embedded Software: Embedded software refers to the firmware and software applications
running on IoT devices. It manages device functionality, processes data, handles
communication protocols, and interfaces with other components.

7. Cloud Services: Cloud services provide storage, processing, and analysis capabilities for IoT
data. They enable scalability, remote management, and data analytics, allowing organizations
to derive insights and make informed decisions based on IoT-generated data.

8. Security Mechanisms: Security mechanisms are essential components of IoT systems to

protect data, devices, and networks from unauthorized access, tampering, and cyber threats.
These can include encryption, authentication, access control, and security protocols.

These components work together to enable the collection, processing, and transmission of
data in IoT systems, facilitating various applications such as smart homes, industrial
automation, healthcare monitoring, and more.
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Project Name: Water Tank Level Indicator

Connections:

Sensors used:
Ultrasonic sensor: An ultrasonic sensor emits high-frequency sound waves and measures the
time it takes for the waves to bounce back after hitting an object, enabling distance
measurement without physical contact. It finds applications in obstacle detection, proximity
sensing, and liquid level measurement, among others .

Components used: Arduino UNO, led display, dc motor,relay, diode, switch, ultrasonic
sensor, resistors, bread board, connecting wires

Program:
// include the library code

#include <LiquidCrystal.h>

// initialize the library with the numbers of the interface pins

LiquidCrystal lcd(12, 11, 5, 4, 3, 2);

int cm = 0;

int pump = 8;

bool STOP_pump = HIGH ;

bool RUN_pump = LOW ;

void setup()

Serial.begin(9600);

pinMode(pump,OUTPUT);
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lcd.begin(16, 2);

digitalWrite(pump,RUN_pump);

void loop()

// measure the ping time in cm

cm = 0.01723 * readUltrasonicDistance(7, 7);

// convert to inches by dividing by 2.54

int level = map(cm, 400 , 10, 0 , 100);

lcd.setCursor(0, 0);

lcd.print( "Tank Level");

lcd.setCursor(0, 1);

lcd.print(level);

lcd.setCursor(3, 1);

lcd.print("%");

if( level >=99){

digitalWrite(pump,STOP_pump);

else if( level <95) {

digitalWrite(pump,RUN_pump);

}
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Project Name: Smart Dustbin

Connections:

Sensors Used:

PIR Sensor: A Passive Infrared (PIR) sensor detects infrared radiation emitted by objects in its
field of view, commonly used in motion detection systems for security, lighting control, and
automation applications.
Ultrasonic sensor: An ultrasonic sensor emits high-frequency sound waves and measures the
time it takes for the waves to bounce back after hitting an object, enabling distance
measurement without physical contact. It finds applications in obstacle detection, proximity
sensing, and liquid level measurement, among others .

Components used: Arduino UNO,leds, PIR Sensor, servo motor, ultrasonic sensor,
resistors, bread board, connecting wires
Program:
#include <Servo.h>

int movement = 0;

int height = 0;

int i = 0;

int j = 0;

Servo servo_2;

long readUltrasonicDistance(int triggerPin, int echoPin)

pinMode(triggerPin, OUTPUT); // Clear the trigger

digitalWrite(triggerPin, LOW);

delayMicroseconds(2);
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// Sets the trigger pin to HIGH state for 10 microseconds

digitalWrite(triggerPin, HIGH);

delayMicroseconds(10);

digitalWrite(triggerPin, LOW);

pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);

// Reads the echo pin, and returns the sound wave travel time in microseconds

return pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);

void setup()

pinMode(8, OUTPUT);

pinMode(11, OUTPUT);

servo_2.attach(2, 500, 2500);

pinMode(13, OUTPUT);

pinMode(7, OUTPUT);

pinMode(4, INPUT);

void loop()

digitalWrite(8, HIGH);

digitalWrite(11, LOW);

servo_2.write(0);

digitalWrite(13, HIGH);

height = 0.01723 * readUltrasonicDistance(13, A0);

if (height > 7) {

digitalWrite(8, HIGH);

digitalWrite(11, LOW);

digitalWrite(7, HIGH);

movement = digitalRead(4);

if (movement == HIGH) {

digitalWrite(7, LOW);

servo_2.write(90);

}
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delay(1000); // Wait for 1000 millisecond(s)

digitalWrite(7, HIGH);

movement = digitalRead(4);

if (movement == LOW) {

servo_2.write(0);

} else {

if (height <= 7) {

digitalWrite(8, LOW);

digitalWrite(11, HIGH);

// Next Step : Send Message through GSM

}
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Project Name: Automated Street Light

Connections:

Sensors Used:

PIR Sensor: A Passive Infrared (PIR) sensor detects infrared radiation emitted by objects in its
field of view, commonly used in motion detection systems for security, lighting control, and
automation applications.

Photoresistor: A photoresistor, also known as a light-dependent resistor (LDR), changes its

resistance based on the intensity of light it is exposed to, commonly used in light-sensitive
circuits for applications such as automatic street lights, camera exposure control, and
brightness adjustment in displays.

Components used: Arduino UNO, leds, PIR Sensor, pushbutton, photoresistor,

resistors, bread board, connecting wires
Program:
void setup()

pinMode(4, INPUT);

pinMode(13, OUTPUT);

pinMode(3, INPUT);

pinMode(12, OUTPUT);

pinMode(2, INPUT);

pinMode(7, INPUT);

pinMode(11, OUTPUT);
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pinMode(5, INPUT);

pinMode(10, OUTPUT);

pinMode(6, INPUT);

pinMode(9, OUTPUT);

pinMode(A0, INPUT);

pinMode(8, OUTPUT);

Serial.begin(9600);

void loop()

if(digitalRead(7)==1)

digitalWrite(9,LOW);

digitalWrite(10,LOW);

digitalWrite(11,LOW);

digitalWrite(12,LOW);

digitalWrite(13,LOW);

digitalWrite(8,HIGH);

Serial.println("EMERGENCY");

delay(500);

digitalWrite(8,LOW);

delay(500);

digitalWrite(8,HIGH);

Serial.println("EMERGENCY");

delay(500);

digitalWrite(8,LOW);

delay(500);

digitalWrite(8,HIGH);

Serial.println("EMERGENCY");

delay(500);

digitalWrite(8,LOW);

delay(500);

digitalWrite(7,HIGH);
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Serial.println("EMERGENCY");

delay(500);

digitalWrite(8,LOW);

delay(500);

digitalWrite(8,HIGH);

Serial.println("EMERGENCY");

delay(500);

digitalWrite(8,LOW);

delay(5000);

else

digitalWrite(8,LOW);

if(analogRead(A0)<300)

if (digitalRead(4)==1)

digitalWrite(13,HIGH);

Serial.println("STATE – NIGHT , CHECKPOINT – 1 , LED STATE – ON");

else

digitalWrite(13,LOW);

if (digitalRead(3)==1)

digitalWrite(12,HIGH);

Serial.println("STATE – NIGHT , CHECKPOINT – 2 , LED STATE – ON");

else

digitalWrite(12,LOW);
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if (digitalRead(2)==1)

digitalWrite(11,HIGH);

Serial.println("STATE – NIGHT , CHECKPOINT – 3 , LED STATE – ON");

else

digitalWrite(11,LOW);

if (digitalRead(5)==1)

digitalWrite(10,HIGH);

Serial.println("STATE – NIGHT , CHECKPOINT – 4 , LED STATE – ON");

else

digitalWrite(10,LOW);

if (digitalRead(6)==1)

digitalWrite(9,HIGH);

Serial.println("STATE – NIGHT , CHECKPOINT – 5 , LED STATE – ON");

else

digitalWrite(9,LOW);

}}

else

digitalWrite(9,LOW);

digitalWrite(10,LOW);

digitalWrite(11,LOW);
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digitalWrite(12,LOW);

digitalWrite(13,LOW);

if (digitalRead(4)==1)

Serial.println("STATE – DAY , CHECKPOINT – 1 , LED STATE – OFF");

if (digitalRead(3)==1)

Serial.println("STATE – DAY , CHECKPOINT – 2 , LED STATE – OFF");

if (digitalRead(2)==1)

Serial.println("STATE – DAY , CHECKPOINT – 3 , LED STATE – OFF");

if (digitalRead(5)==1)

Serial.println("STATE – DAY , CHECKPOINT – 4 , LED STATE – OFF");

if (digitalRead(6)==1)

Serial.println("STATE – DAY , CHECKPOINT – 5 , LED STATE – OFF");

}}}
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Project Name: Home Automation System

Connections:

Sensors Used:

PIR Sensor: A Passive Infrared (PIR) sensor detects infrared radiation emitted by objects in its
field of view, commonly used in motion detection systems for security, lighting control, and
automation applications.
Photoresistor: A photoresistor, also known as a light-dependent resistor (LDR), changes its
resistance based on the intensity of light it is exposed to, commonly used in light-sensitive
circuits for applications such as automatic street lights, camera exposure control, and
brightness adjustment in displays.
Ultrasonic sensor: An ultrasonic sensor emits high-frequency sound waves and measures the
time it takes for the waves to bounce back after hitting an object, enabling distance
measurement without physical contact. It finds applications in obstacle detection, proximity
sensing, and liquid level measurement, among others.
Temperature Sensor: A temperature sensor is a device that measures the temperature of its
surroundings and converts it into an electrical signal. Common types include thermocouples,
thermistors, and resistance temperature detectors (RTDs). Temperature sensors are used in
various applications such as climate control systems, industrial processes, medical devices,
and environmental monitoring.

Components used: Arduino UNO, leds , pizzo buzzer, dc motor, multimeter, bulbs,
ultrasonic sensor , PIR Sensor, pushbutton, photoresistor, resistors, bread board,
connecting wires.
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Program:
#include <Servo.h>

const int PIR_Sensor = 8;

Servo doorservo;

int ldr = A0;

int led = 12;

int tmp = A1;

int motor = 11;

int d;

int const trigPin = 7;

int const echoPin = 6;

int const buzzPin = 5;

void setup()

pinMode(ldr,INPUT);

pinMode(led,OUTPUT);

pinMode(tmp,INPUT);

pinMode(motor,OUTPUT);

doorservo.attach(10);

pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);

pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);

pinMode(buzzPin, OUTPUT);

pinMode(2, OUTPUT);

pinMode(3, OUTPUT);

pinMode(4, OUTPUT);

pinMode(9,INPUT);

void loop()

int ldrs = analogRead(ldr);

if(ldrs <= 300)

{
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digitalWrite(led,HIGH);

digitalWrite(2,HIGH);

digitalWrite(3,HIGH);

digitalWrite(4,HIGH);

else

digitalWrite(led,LOW);

digitalWrite(2,LOW);

digitalWrite(3,LOW);

digitalWrite(4,LOW);

int reading = analogRead(tmp);

float voltage = reading * 5.0;

voltage /= 1024.0;

float temperatureC = (voltage - 0.5) * 100 ;

if(temperatureC >= 30)

digitalWrite(motor,HIGH);

else

digitalWrite(motor,LOW);

d = digitalRead(9);

if(d== 1){

doorservo.write(100);

else{

doorservo.write(0);

int duration, distance;

digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
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delay(1);

digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);

duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);

distance = (duration/2) / 29.1;

if (distance <= 50 && distance >= 0) {

digitalWrite(buzzPin, HIGH);

} else {

digitalWrite(buzzPin, LOW);

delay(60);

if (digitalRead(PIR_Sensor)==HIGH)

{digitalWrite(buzzPin, HIGH);}

else {digitalWrite(buzzPin, LOW);}

}
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Project Name: Irrigation System

Connection:

Sensors Used:

Temperature Sensor: A temperature sensor can also be defined as a simple instrument that
measures the degree of coldness or hotness and then converts it into a readable unit. There
are specialized temperature sensors used to measure the temperature of the boreholes, soil,
huge concrete dams, or buildings
Program:

#include <LiquidCrystal.h>

const int LM = A0;

const int motor = 13;

const int Red = 12;

const int Green = 11;

LiquidCrystal lcd(2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7);

void setup() {

Serial.begin(9600);

lcd.begin(16, 2);

lcd.print("Automated Plant");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print("Watering System!");

pinMode(motor, OUTPUT);
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pinMode(Red, OUTPUT);

pinMode(Green, OUTPUT);

delay(2000);

lcd.clear();

lcd.print("Temp= ");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print("Pump= ");

void loop() {

int value = analogRead(LM);

float Temperature = value * 500.0 / 1023.0;

lcd.setCursor(6,0);

lcd.print(Temperature);

lcd.setCursor(11,1);

if (Temperature > 40){

digitalWrite(motor, HIGH);

digitalWrite(Red, HIGH);

digitalWrite(Green, LOW);

lcd.print("ON ");

else {

digitalWrite(motor, LOW);

digitalWrite(Red, LOW);

digitalWrite(Green, HIGH);

lcd.print("OFF");

delay(1000);

}
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Project Name: Weather Monitoring System

Connection:

Sensors Used:
Temperature Sensor: A temperature sensor can also be defined as a simple instrument that
measures the degree of coldness or hotness and then converts it into a readable unit. There
are specialized temperature sensors used to measure the temperature of the boreholes, soil,
huge concrete dams, or buildings.
Pizzo Buzzer: a piezo buzzer works by applying an alternating voltage to the piezoelectric
ceramic material. The introduction of such an input signal causes the piezoceramic to vibrate
rapidly, resulting in the generation of sound waves.
Program:

#include <LiquidCrystal.h>

LiquidCrystal lcd(12, 11, 5, 4, 3, 2);

int lightLevel = 0;

int LDR = A0;

int TMP = A1;

int sensorPin = A1;

void setup() {

Serial.begin(9600);

lcd.begin (16, 2);

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void loop() {

int reading = analogRead(sensorPin);

// converting that reading to voltage, for 3.3v arduino use 3.3

float voltage = reading * 5.0;

voltage /= 1024.0;

// print out the voltage

Serial.print(voltage); Serial.println(" volts");

// now print out the temperature

float temperatureC = (voltage - 0.5) * 100 ; //converting from 10 mv per degree wit 500 mV offset

//to degrees ((voltage - 500mV) times 100)

Serial.print(temperatureC); Serial.println(" degrees C"); // now convert to Fahrenheit

//float temperatureF = (temperatureC * 9.0 / 5.0) + 32.0;

//Serial.print(temperatureF); Serial.println(" degrees F");

lightLevel = analogRead(LDR);

Serial.println(lightLevel);

lcd.clear();

lcd.setCursor(0, 0);

if (temperatureC < 2) {

lcd.print("Cold Weather");

lcd.setCursor(0, 1);

lcd.print(temperatureC);

tone(10, 260);

} else if (temperatureC >= 2 && temperatureC < 45){

lcd.setCursor(0, 0);

lcd.print("Normal Weather");

noTone(10);

} else {

lcd.setCursor(0, 0);

lcd.print("Hot Weather");

lcd.setCursor(0, 1);

lcd.print(temperatureC);

tone(10, 260);
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delay (500);

Project Name: Gas Sensor

Connections:

Sensors Used:
Gas Sensor: Gas sensors are devices used to measure the concentration of gases by
detecting the inimitable breakdown voltage (ionization potential), which is a unique property
of gases and is different for different gases. Sensors detect the gas molecules on the basis of
breakdown voltage.
Program:

#define gasSensor A0

#define buzzer 0

#define ledGreen 1

#define ledRed 2

#define HIGH 600

void setup() {

//Initialising all pins

pinMode(gasSensor, INPUT);

pinMode(buzzer, OUTPUT);

pinMode(ledGreen, OUTPUT);
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pinMode(ledRed, OUTPUT);

void loop() {

//Read data from the sensor

int gas_value = analogRead(gasSensor);

//check data from sensor if there is smoke, if will execute otherwise else will execute

if(gas_value > HIGH)

tone(buzzer,1000,500);

digitalWrite(ledRed, HIGH);

digitalWrite(ledGreen,LOW);

else

noTone(buzzer);

digitalWrite(ledGreen,HIGH);

digitalWrite(ledRed, LOW);

delay(200);

}
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Project Name: Distance Sensor:

Connections:

Sensors Used:
PIR Sensor:
Program:

#include<LiquidCrystal.h>

LiquidCrystal lcd(13,12,6,5,3,2);

int led=7;

int PIR=4;

int buzzer=8;

int PIRstatus;

void setup()

lcd.begin(16,2);

pinMode(led,OUTPUT);

pinMode(buzzer,OUTPUT);

pinMode(PIR,INPUT);

lcd.clear();

void loop()
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PIRstatus=digitalRead(PIR);

if(PIRstatus==HIGH)

//lcd.clear();

digitalWrite(led,HIGH);

digitalWrite(buzzer,HIGH);

tone(buzzer,300,2000);

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print("ALERT");

delay(7000);

lcd.clear();

else

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print("SAFE");

digitalWrite(led,LOW);

digitalWrite(buzzer,LOW);

delay(1000);

}
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Connections:

Sensor:
Program:

int pir = 2;

void setup()

pinMode(13, OUTPUT);

pinMode(2, INPUT);

void loop() {

int pir = digitalRead(2);

if (pir == HIGH) {

digitalWrite(13, HIGH);

delay(5000);

} else {

digitalWrite(13, LOW);

delay(5000);

}}
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