Collecting Data

Number and Estimating with Multidigit Numbers

Operations

Dawn McMillan
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Collecting Data
Estimating with Multidigit Numbers

Dawn McMillan
 Publishing Credits Table of Contents
Editor
Sara Johnson
Editorial Director Data ........................................ 4
Emily R. Smith, M.A.Ed.
Editor-in-Chief Meteorologists ............................. 6
Sharon Coan, M.S.Ed.
Predicting the Weather ..................... 8
Creative Director
Lee Aucoin
Getting the Forecast ....................... 11
Publisher
Rachelle Cracchiolo, M.S.Ed. Storm Chasers ............................. 12
Tornado Data ............................. 14
Counting People . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Collecting the Census ...................... 19
Data for All . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Image Credits Cities and Communities .................. 22
The author and publisher would like to gratefully credit or acknowledge the following for permission to Town Planners ............................. 24
reproduce copyright material: cover; Istock Photos; title page, NOAA; p.4, U.S. Census Bureau; p.6, Jeff
Greenberg / Alamy; p.7, JUPITERIMAGES / Brand X / Alamy; pp.8–9, NOAA; p.10, Getty Images; p.12, Planning for the Future ................... 26
Corbis RF; p.13, NOAA; p.14 (left), Corbis RF, (right) NOAA; p.15, Jim Reed / CORBIS; p.16, U.S. Census
Bureau; p.17, Shutterstock; p.18, Getty Images; p.19, U.S. Census Bureau; p.20, Photos.com; p.21 FEMA; Problem-Solving Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
p.22, David R. Frazier Photolibrary, Inc. / Alamy; p.23, Istock Photos; p.24, U.S. Census Bureau; p.25,
Bigstock Photos; pp.26–27, 123rf; pp.28–29, Photodisc Glossary ................................... 30
Information on pages 16–19, 20–21, 22, 24 obtained from United States Census Bureau.
While every care has been taken to trace and acknowledge copyright, the publishers tender their
Index ...................................... 31
apologies for any accidental infringement where copyright has proved untraceable. They would be
pleased to come to a suitable arrangement with the rightful owner in each case.
Answer Key ................................ 32

Teacher Created Materials Publishing

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© 2008 Teacher Created Materials Publishing
 Data can be shared once it is collected. Tables and
Data graphs make data easy to see and understand.

Many people collect data (DAY-tuh), or information,

as part of their jobs. This data helps us better understand
what happens in our world.
Frequency Table
This book looks at how scientists and community
(kuh-MYU-nuh-tee) workers collect data. A frequency (FREE-kwun-see) table shows how
often each item happens in a set of data.

Precipitation from February to April

Type of Precipitation Number of Days
sleet/hail 5
snow 17
rain 27
no precipitation 40

Bar Graph
A bar graph uses rectangles or bars. Each bar
shows how often a piece of data occurs.
Precipitation from February to April
50- sleet/hail
40

Number of Days
40- snow
30-
27 rain
no precipitation
20- 17
What Is Data?
10- 5
Data is another word for information.
0-
People collect data for research (rih-SUHRCH). Type of Precipitation

4 5
 Many meteorologists work at weather stations.
stations Some
Meteorologists work on TV. Watch a local weather report. You might be
watching a meteorologist!
Meteorologists (mee-tee-uh-RAW-luh-jistz) collect
and learn about weather data. They make weather maps.
They forecast weather changes. Meteorologists use
computers to help them make sense of their weather data.

Wild Wind
In April 1934,
a wind gust of
231 miles per
hour (372 km/h)
raced across the
top of Mount
Washington in
New Hampshire.
This is still the
record for the
fastest wind gust
ever measured
on Earth.

6 7
 Predicting the Satellites
Satellites (SAT-uh-lites) also collect weather data.
This data might be how much rainfall an area had.
Weather It might be wind speed.
Meteorologists use satellite data to help them
Weather Balloons forecast weather for a day. They also use satellite data
Weather balloons carry instruments used to measure to help them forecast climate (KLY-muht) changes.
the weather. Meteorologists launch weather balloons
from weather stations. In the United States, the National
Weather Service launches more than 90 balloons a day.

Weather Balloon Data

Height (Feet) Air Temperature
Above Sea Level (Farenheit)
2,050 55°
4,100 43°
6,150 32°
8,200 23°
10,250 18°
12,300 9°
A weather balloon collected this
air temperature data.
Satellite map of Hurricane Katrina in 2005
A meteorologist launches a weather balloon.
8 9
 Radar
Meteorologists also use radars (RAY-dars) to collect
Getting the
data. Radars scan the skies. They beam back data about
storms. Radars can even give information about which
storms may turn into tornadoes (tore-NAY-dohs).
Forecast
Meteorologists show weather data in ways we
can understand. Weather maps and charts may show
temperature (TEM-puhr-chur) and rainfall. We can
find the weather forecast on the radio, the TV, and
even on the Internet.

Daily Data
You use data when you look at weather forecasts.
This data helps you to decide how to dress for the day.

LOS ANGELES FORECAST High Low

Wed Clear 71° | 57°
Thu Clear 70° | 55°
Fri Warm 77° | 60°
Sat Partly cloudy 68° | 51°
Sun Rain 66° | 55°

Radar image as Hurricane Isabel hits land in 2003

10 11
 In the tornado season, scientists want to learn more
Storm Chasers about the storms. So, they become “storm chasers.” They
use data from weather maps and satellite photos to find
The American Midwest has the world’s most the storms. Then, they go out and follow the storms to
dangerous thunderstorms and tornadoes. May 2003 collect more data.
made weather history. There were 543 tornadoes
counted that month. This is still a weather record today.

Terrible Twisters

µ4 &91-03& .BUI There were 2 terrible days in 1974. During

- &5 these days, 148 tornadoes hit the Midwest.

In 6 of these tornadoes, winds were faster
The U.S. tornado season starts from late than 261 miles per hour (420 km/h).
winter and can last through mid-to-late
summer. The table below shows the
number of tornadoes in the 2007 season. This storm chaser uses equipment to collect data.
U.S. 2007 Tornado Season
Month Number of Tornadoes
March 171
April 165
May 251
June 128
July 69
August 73

a. Round the number of tornadoes each

month to the nearest ten.
b. Add your rounded numbers to
estimate how many tornadoes there
were during these 6 months.

12 13
 Dr. Bluestein decided that this type of storm chasing
Tornado Data was too difficult. It was also too dangerous! Now he
chases storms in a special truck. Dr. Bluestein drives
Dr. Howard Bluestein is a university professor. He is near the storm but not in front of it. He measures the
also a storm chaser! For many years, Dr. Bluestein and wind in and around the tornado.
his team would race in front of a tornado. They would Scientists are still learning how a tornado forms from
place weather instruments in its path to get data. a thunderstorm. Storm chasers are helping them learn.

Tornado Strengths
Type of
Wind Speeds
Tornado
weak <110 miles per hour (177 km/h)
strong 110–205 miles per hour (177–330 km/h)
violent >205 miles per hour (330 km/h)

14 15
 Counting People
The United States government (GUV-ern-muhnt)
gets data about all the people who live in the country.
It does this every 10 years. It uses a census (SEN-suhs)
form to do this.
Indiana

µ4 &91-03& .BUI
- &5
The U.S. census provides information about the population
(pop-yu-LAY-shuhn) numbers of both large and small cities
and towns. The table below shows the population estimates
of some small towns of Indiana.
Population Estimates
Town 2004 2005 2006
Advance 572 581 583
Mount Auburn 75 75 74
Shamrock Lakes 162 161 159
Spring Hill 96 96 97

a. Round the population number of each year to the

nearest 100.
b. Predict what you think the population of each town was
This couple fills out
in 2007. How did you make this prediction?
their census form.

16 17
 Census data is important. Census data helps
governments learn about the size of cities and
towns. This helps them plan for schools and roads.
Collecting
Governments can also decide if cities need extra
subways and buses.
the Census
Today, most people get their census forms in the
mail. But some people do not mail them back. If the
forms are not sent back, then census workers need to
get the data. They make telephone calls or go to homes.

Population Growth
The 1790 census counted 3.9 million people
Different Languages
living in the United States of America. The 2000 The 2000 census form was in English and in Spanish. But not
census counted 281 million people. Imagine everyone speaks 1 of these 2 languages. Some census workers
what it will be in the year 2210! speak other languages to help people fill in their forms.

18 19
 Even rescue workers use census data. Census data tells
Data for All them how many people may need help in an emergency
(ih-MUHR-juhn-see).
Many reports are made from census data. There are
reports on population and housing. There is even data
on how many students enroll in schools.
School planners use census data. They can learn
Census data helped the U.S.
about their neighborhoods and cities. They can predict government work out how
how many students will come to school. This data also many people needed to
tells them when they need to build new schools. leave New Orleans before
Hurricane Katrina hit.

Flowerdale Enrollments 2005–2010

µ4 &91-03& .BUI
This table shows the predicted school enrollments
for Flowerdale Public School. The school planners - &5
used census data, which showed that many Flowerdale Enrollments
people were moving into the school district. Year Number of Students
Predicted Enrollments 2005 370
Year Predicted Number of Students 2006 400
2005 378 2007 435
2006 391 2008 470
2007 432 The table above shows the actual number of school
2008 455 enrollments at Flowerdale Public School for the years
2009 465 2005–2008.
2010 480 a. Compare the actual data above with the
predictions on page 20. What do you notice?
b. Why do you think they are different?

20 21
 Town planners work with city and community
Cities and groups. They also work with governments and town
businesses. Town planners help these groups make
Communities plans for the town. The plans include when to build
new schools or parks.
Cities and communities are places where people live
and work. Cities and communities need plans for the
future. They need to be able to grow and change.

City Parks
Many big cities A town planner talks
around the world with a builder.
have large parks for
people to relax in and enjoy themselves.

Size of City Parks µ4 &91-03& .BUI

City Park Size of Park (acres) - &5
Tokyo, Japan Ueno Park 208 Look at the table of city parks on page 22.
London, England, U.K. Hyde Park 360 a. Which city has the largest park?
Sao Paulo, Brazil Ibirapuera Park 395 b. Now round the size of the parks to the nearest hundred.
Toronto, Canada High Park 398 c. Estimate how much bigger Central Park is than Hyde Park.
New York City, U.S.A. Central Park 843

22 23
 Town planners also look at maps. Maps help
Town Planners town planners collect data about roads and
transportation. Town planners also need to know
transportation
First, a town planner needs data to work out what about the climate in a city or community.
is best for a community. The census can give data on
the age groups in a community. It can give data on how
many schools there are.

µ4 &91-03& .BUI
- &5
The town in the photo above is growing fast.
America’s Students Number of Stores Built Over the Past 3 Years
The 2000 census showed that in the spring of 2000, 3 years ago 2 years ago 1 year ago
over 76 million students went to school. Of this 76.6 387 603 958
million, about 34 million were enrolled in elementary
a. Round the number of stores to the nearest 100.
school and 16 million were enrolled in high school.
Data such as this is helpful for town planners to work b. Add these numbers to estimate the total number of
out how many schools are needed. new stores built over the past 3 years.

24 25
 Take a walk around your local neighborhood.
Planning for What changes can you see happening? People who
collect data have helped make these changes happen.
the Future Data is important in many parts of life. Scientists use
data to help them and us understand our world. Data
People in a community need to have a say helps community workers improve where you live.
in their town’s future. Town planners can call
meetings to get data. They can set up a survey
to ask for ideas. Town planners study the data.
Then, new plans are made for the town’s future.

Letting the Community Know

Often, reports and plans made by town planners
are published in newspapers for people to read.

26 27
 Solve It!
a. If a ticket to the movie costs $9.95, estimate how much
money the film made in South City in the first week.
A Box Office Smash! Use the steps below to help you solve the problem.
A new adventure film has been released and everyone
Step 1: Round the numbers of people who saw the film
wants to see it. The newspaper review gave it 4 stars out
each day to the nearest hundred. This will give
of 5! The movie studio’s bosses think that it will make a lot
you an estimate of the number of people who
of money. The bosses decide to look at the ticket sales in
saw the film on each day.
South City to see how much money the film is making.
Step 2: Add the rounded numbers for the whole week.
In South City, thousands of people came to see the film This will give you the estimated total number of
during the first week. The table below shows how many people who saw the film in the first week.
people saw the film on each day. Step 3: Round the ticket cost to the nearest dollar.
Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri Sat Sun Step 4: Multiply the number of people who saw the film
684 538 372 629 893 981 843 by the cost of each ticket. This will give you the
total dollar amount of ticket sales in South City
for the first week of the film’s release.

28 29
 Glossary Index
census
census—a government survey of the population of a country Bluestein, Dr. Howard, 14–15
climate—the weather of a place or region
climate census, 16–18, 19, 20–21
community—a group of different people or animals living
community
community, 22–23, 24–25, 26
in one place
data—information collected
data community workers, 4, 27
emergency—an unexpected event that needs fast action
emergency meteorologists, 6–7, 8–10, 11
estimate—to make a rough calculation or guess
estimate radars, 10
forecast—to predict that something will happen, using data
forecast rescue workers, 21
frequency—the number of times an event happens
frequency
satellites, 9, 13
government—a group of leaders usually chosen by the people
government
of a certain area to manage that area school planners, 20
population—the total number of people living in a certain
population scientists, 4, 13, 15, 27
country or area storm chasers, 13, 14–15
precipitation—rain, hail, sleet, mist or snow
precipitation
tornadoes, 10, 12–13, 14–15
radars—machines that send out radio waves in order to
radars
find objects town planners, 23, 24–25, 26
research—the collecting of data
research United States government 16, 18, 21
satellites—machines in space that orbit Earth and collect data
satellites weather balloons, 8
scientists—people who collect data through study and
scientists
weather maps, 6, 11, 13
observation
survey—a document used to collect data
survey
temperature—how hot or cold something is, usually shown
temperature
in degrees
transportation—a way of traveling from one place to another
transportation
weather stations—places
stations where weather data is collected

30 31
 4 8 &3,&:
B /
Let’s Explore Math
Page 12:
a. Month Number of Tornadoes b. 170 + 170 + 250 + 130 + 70 +70 = 860
March 170 tornadoes approximately
April 170
May 250
June 130
July 70
August 70

Page 17:
a.
Town 2004 2005 2006
Advance 600 600 600
Mount Auburn 100 100 100
Shamrock Lakes 200 200 200
Spring Hill 100 100 100
b. Answers will vary.

Page 21:
a. Answers may vary, but should include details such as predicted numbers were
lower than actual numbers.
b. Answers will vary.

Page 23:
a. New York City has the largest park.
b. Ueno Park Hyde Park Ibirapuera Park High Park Central Park
200 acres 400 acres 400 acres 400 acres 800 acres
c. Central Park is approximately 400 acres bigger than Hyde Park.
Page 25:
a. 3 years ago 2 years ago 1 year ago
400 600 1,000
b. About 2,000 new stores were built in the past 3 years.

Problem-Solving Activity
Step 1: Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri Sat Sun
700 500 400 600 900 1,000 800
Step 2: 700 + 500 + 400 + 600 + 900 + 1,000 + 800 = 4,900
Step 3: $9.95 rounded to the nearest dollar = $10.00
Step 4: 4,900 x $10.00 = $49,000.00
The film made approximately $49,000.00 in South City during its first week.

32