WHAT IS EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
WHAT ARE MODELS OF EI- pg 16
MAYOR AND SALOVEY’S ABILITY MODEL OF EI
DEFINITION- pg 16 first para
COMPONENTS- pg 16
FOCUS- The ability-based model of emotional intelligence, developed by
Peter Salovey and John Mayer, places a primary focus on the cognitive
abilities associated with emotional intelligence. The model emphasizes the
mental processes involved in perceiving, understanding, regulating, and
using emotions effectively. The ability-based model views emotional
intelligence as a set of mental abilities that enable individuals to process
emotional information. It highlights the role of cognitive processes in
emotional intelligence, such as attention, perception, memory, and
reasoning.
The most notable aspect of the Ability Model is how dependent it
is on the concept that EI is required to incorporate purposeful
mental processes, rather than simple emotional response. Put
another way, the Ability Theory requires more thinking and
involves less intuition. In some ways, the Ability Model of
Emotional Intelligence views the use of emotion in highly
pragmatic terms. While it doesn't seek to negate the validity of
emotions, it definitely views emotions as a tool that can be used
to achieve goals, and that having a high Emotional Intelligence
means the individual is capable of controlling and using their own
emotions, as well as the emotions of others.
ASSESSMENT- While self-report tests are common in psychology, ability models of EI
require a different approach: performance measures. Performance measures
require respondents to demonstrate their four emotion skills (Mayer & Salovey,
1997) by solving emotion-related problems. Among these measures, the Mayer-
Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) (Mayer, Salovey, &
Caruso, 2002) is the most commonly used. The MSCEIT is a 141-item test
comprised of a total of eight tasks, two per each of the four emotion abilities. To
measure emotion management, for example, respondents are asked to read
through scenarios involving emotionally charged conflicts and then asked to
evaluate the effectiveness of different resolutions. Because the Ability
Model interprets EQ as a true intelligence, the test is modeled on
cognitive ability-based IQ tests. The problem-solving items are
designed to test a person's abilities on each of the four ability
types identified in the model. Because the test (unlike a standard
IQ test) cannot offer objective scoring, it is thus measured against
a worldwide sample of respondents in order to determine that it
does, in fact, adhere to social norms.
MIXED MODELS OF EI
DEFINITION- PG 19, 20
COMPONENTS-
Focus- The mixed model of emotional intelligence expands on the ability model
and emphasizes the interplay between cognitive and emotional factors in
emotional intelligence. It focuses on self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation,
empathy, and social skills as key components. This model recognizes that
emotional intelligence is not solely determined by innate abilities but can be
developed and enhanced through learning and practice. It highlights the
importance of understanding one's own emotions, managing them effectively,
harnessing emotions for motivation, empathizing with others, and demonstrating
effective social skills. By emphasizing these components, the mixed model
provides a comprehensive framework for developing and cultivating emotional
intelligence in individuals.
Assessment- Assessments in the mixed model of emotional intelligence typically
involve a combination of self-report measures, observer ratings, and
performance-based tasks. Self-report measures involve individuals reflecting on
their own emotional experiences, self-awareness, regulation strategies,
motivation, and social skills. These measures are usually questionnaires or
surveys that capture individuals' perceptions of their emotional intelligence.
Observer ratings involve external observers, such as trained raters or peers,
assessing an individual's emotional abilities based on their interactions,
behavior, and communication with others. This provides a more objective
assessment of an individual's emotional intelligence. Performance-based tasks
require individuals to demonstrate their emotional intelligence in real-life or
simulated scenarios. These tasks may include role-plays, simulations, or
decision-making exercises that assess an individual's ability to perceive and
understand emotions, regulate their own emotions, empathize with others, and
exhibit effective social skills. By using a combination of self-reports, observer
ratings, and performance-based tasks, a comprehensive assessment of an
individual's emotional intelligence within the mixed model can be obtained,
accounting for both self-perception and observable behaviors.
Trait model
Definition and components-PDF
Focus- The trait model of emotional intelligence focuses on the individual
differences in emotional intelligence as a set of stable personality traits. It posits
that emotional intelligence can be categorized into distinct dimensions that
remain relatively consistent over time. Thus the trait model of EI focuses
on particular personality traits helpful in perceiving and regulating
emotions. It emphasizes the emotional self-perceptions and emotional traits in
one’s personality plays a significant role in one’s emotional intelligence.
Assessment- The assessment of the trait model of emotional intelligence is
primarily conducted through self-report questionnaires, multi-rater assessments,
ability tests, and behavioral assessments. Self-report questionnaires involve
individuals rating their own emotional intelligence based on statements or items
related to different dimensions. Multi-rater assessments gather feedback from
multiple sources to obtain a comprehensive view. Ability tests measure an
individual's actual ability to perceive, understand, and use emotions. Behavioral
assessments involve observing an individual's behavior in emotional situations. It
is important to consider the limitations of these assessments, such as biases and
subjectivity, and no single assessment can fully capture the complexity of
emotional intelligence. Therefore, using a combination of these methods
provides a more robust evaluation of emotional intelligence based on the trait
model.
