Question Bank

Course Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering (Professional Elective-III) Code : BME6503B

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Unit 1

1. Fundamental Concepts of Biomechanics

1.​ Define biomechanics and explain its significance in biomedical engineering.

(Understand)
2.​ Identify and describe the key components of biomechanics used in human motion
analysis. (Understand)

2. Nine Principles for Application of Biomechanics

3.​ List the nine principles of biomechanics and explain their applications in human
movement. (Remember, Understand)
4.​ Illustrate any three principles of biomechanics with real-world examples in sports or
rehabilitation. (Apply)
5.​ Compare the role of different biomechanical principles in optimizing movement
efficiency. (Analyze)

3. Anatomical Representation Terminology

6.​ Describe the anatomical planes and axes used in biomechanics. (Understand)
7.​ Demonstrate the movement of a human limb along different anatomical planes with
appropriate examples. (Apply)
8.​ Differentiate between kinematics and kinetics in biomechanical studies. (Analyze)

4. Response of Tissues to Forces/Loads

9.​ Explain the response of biological tissues to tensile, compressive, and shear forces.
(Understand)
10.​Classify different types of forces acting on biological tissues and their effects.
(Analyze)
11.​Evaluate the importance of tissue adaptation in response to mechanical loading
during rehabilitation. (Evaluate)

5. Mechanics of Bone

12.​Describe the mechanical properties of bone and their role in load-bearing capacity.
(Understand)
13.​Examine the effects of osteoporosis on bone mechanics and strength. (Analyze)
14.​Compare cortical and trabecular bone in terms of mechanical behavior under stress.
(Analyze)

6. Joint Forces and Motions

 15.​Explain how joint forces influence human movement and posture. (Understand)
16.​Analyze the role of ligaments and muscles in stabilizing joints under mechanical
loads. (Analyze)
17.​Illustrate the biomechanics of knee joint motion during walking and running. (Apply)
18.​Assess the impact of abnormal joint forces on the development of musculoskeletal
disorders. (Evaluate)
19.​Propose biomechanical interventions for reducing joint stress in individuals with
arthritis. (Create)
20.​Design a study to measure joint reaction forces during a specific physical activity.
(Create)

Unit 2

1. Biomaterials Uses

1.​ Define biomaterials and explain their significance in biomedical applications.

(Understand)
2.​ List and describe at least three major applications of biomaterials in healthcare.
(Remember, Understand)
3.​ Analyze the role of biomaterials in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
(Analyze)
4.​ Illustrate the use of biomaterials in orthopedic implants with real-world examples.
(Apply)

2. Different Types of Biomaterials

5.​ Classify biomaterials based on their composition and explain their key features.
(Analyze, Understand)
6.​ Compare the advantages and limitations of metallic, polymeric, ceramic, and
composite biomaterials. (Analyze)
7.​ Differentiate between biodegradable and non-biodegradable biomaterials with
examples. (Analyze)
8.​ Summarize the latest advancements in biomaterials used for cardiovascular
applications. (Understand)

3. Selection of Biomaterials

9.​ Identify the key factors influencing the selection of biomaterials for biomedical
devices. (Remember)
10.​Evaluate the importance of biocompatibility in the selection of biomaterials.
(Evaluate)
11.​Discuss how cost and availability influence the selection of biomaterials in medical
applications. (Understand)
 12.​Propose a suitable biomaterial for designing an artificial heart valve and justify your
choice. (Create, Evaluate)

4. Mechanical and Performance Requirements of Biomaterials

13.​Explain the importance of mechanical properties such as strength, elasticity, and

toughness in biomaterials. (Understand)
14.​Analyze the mechanical performance of titanium and stainless steel in orthopedic
implants. (Analyze)
15.​Assess the effect of wear and fatigue on the long-term performance of biomaterials in
implants. (Evaluate)
16.​Demonstrate how stress-strain behavior is used to evaluate biomaterial performance.
(Apply)

5. Biomaterial Properties

17.​Describe the key physical, chemical, and biological properties of biomaterials.

(Understand)
18.​Compare hydrophobic and hydrophilic biomaterials and their impact on medical
device performance. (Analyze)
19.​Examine the impact of surface modification techniques on improving biomaterial
properties. (Analyze)
20.​Design a testing procedure to evaluate the corrosion resistance of metallic
biomaterials. (Create, Apply)

Unit 3

1. Strain Gauges

1.​ Define strain gauges and explain their working principle in biomedical applications.
(Understand)
2.​ Describe the importance of strain gauges in measuring biomechanical forces.
(Understand)
3.​ Illustrate the use of strain gauges in prosthetic limb force measurement. (Apply)
4.​ Analyze the effect of strain gauge placement on the accuracy of biomechanical data.
(Analyze)

2. Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT)

5.​ Explain the working principle of an LVDT and describe its biomedical applications.
(Understand)
 6.​ Differentiate between LVDT and other displacement sensors in biomedical
engineering. (Analyze)
7.​ Demonstrate how an LVDT can be used for limb movement analysis in
rehabilitation. (Apply)
8.​ Evaluate the advantages and limitations of using LVDT in prosthetic and orthotic
devices. (Evaluate)

3. Load Cell

9.​ Define a load cell and explain how it measures force in biomedical applications.
(Understand)
10.​Illustrate the application of load cells in gait analysis and rehabilitation. (Apply)
11.​Analyze the role of load cells in monitoring weight distribution in pressure-sensitive
devices. (Analyze)
12.​Assess the impact of material selection on the accuracy and durability of load cells.
(Evaluate)

4. Biosensors

13.​Describe the principle of biosensors and their significance in biomedical engineering.

(Understand)
14.​Compare enzyme-based biosensors with other types of biosensors used in medical
diagnostics. (Analyze)
15.​Explain how biosensors are utilized in continuous glucose monitoring for diabetic
patients. (Understand)
16.​Evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of biosensors in disease diagnosis. (Evaluate)

5. ECG and EMG Sensors

17.​Explain the working principle of ECG sensors and their role in cardiac monitoring.
(Understand)
18.​Analyze the importance of EMG sensors in muscle activity assessment. (Analyze)
19.​Demonstrate how an ECG sensor can be used to detect arrhythmia in patients.
(Apply)
20.​Propose a method to enhance the accuracy of EMG signals for prosthetic control.
(Create, Evaluate)

Unit 4

1. Medical Imaging Techniques

1.​ Define medical imaging and explain its significance in biomedical engineering.
(Understand)
 2.​ List different medical imaging techniques and describe their basic principles.
(Remember, Understand)
3.​ Compare CT, MRI, and ultrasound imaging in terms of their advantages and
limitations. (Analyze)
4.​ Illustrate the role of X-ray imaging in orthopedic and dental applications. (Apply)

2. Image Parameters

5.​ Explain the key image parameters such as resolution, contrast, and noise in medical
imaging. (Understand)
6.​ Analyze the effect of image resolution on diagnostic accuracy in MRI scans.
(Analyze)
7.​ Differentiate between spatial resolution and temporal resolution in medical imaging.
(Analyze)
8.​ Evaluate the impact of noise reduction techniques on the quality of medical images.
(Evaluate)

3. General Steps to Generate a 3D Model from Scan Data

9.​ Describe the general workflow for generating a 3D model from medical imaging scan
data. (Understand)
10.​Identify the role of segmentation in the 3D model generation process. (Remember)
11.​Demonstrate how medical images are converted into 3D models using segmentation
and reconstruction techniques. (Apply)
12.​Assess the challenges involved in reconstructing accurate 3D anatomical models from
medical scans. (Evaluate)

4. List of Computing Facilities

13.​List the essential computing facilities required for medical image processing and 3D
modeling. (Remember)
14.​Describe the role of GPU-based computing in accelerating medical image processing.
(Understand)
15.​Analyze the importance of cloud computing in handling large medical imaging
datasets. (Analyze)
16.​Evaluate the need for high-performance computing (HPC) in real-time medical image
analysis. (Evaluate)

5. 3D Model Generation Using Software

17.​Explain the role of software tools in 3D model generation from medical imaging data.
(Understand)
 18.​Compare different software used for medical 3D modeling (e.g., 3D Slicer, Mimics,
OsiriX). (Analyze)
19.​Demonstrate how to create a patient-specific anatomical model using medical
imaging software. (Apply)
20.​Propose improvements in existing 3D modeling techniques for better accuracy in
biomedical applications. (Create, Evaluate)

Unit 5

1. 3D Modeling in Finite Element Analysis (FEA)

1.​ Define 3D modeling in the context of Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and explain its
significance in biomedical engineering. (Understand)
2.​ List the essential steps involved in creating a 3D model for biomechanical
simulations. (Remember)
3.​ Illustrate how 3D modeling is used in prosthetic and implant design. (Apply)
4.​ Analyze the importance of mesh quality in 3D modeling for accurate finite element
simulations. (Analyze)

2. Basics of Finite Element Analysis (FEA)

5.​ Describe the fundamental concepts of FEA and its applications in biomechanics.
(Understand)
6.​ Compare the advantages and limitations of FEA over experimental methods in
biomedical engineering. (Analyze)
7.​ Explain the role of boundary conditions and constraints in FEA simulations.
(Understand)
8.​ Evaluate the accuracy of FEA in predicting biomechanical responses of human
tissues. (Evaluate)

3. Steps to Set Up a Bone Model in FEA

9.​ Identify the key steps involved in developing an FEA-based bone model. (Remember)
10.​Describe the material properties required for an accurate bone model in FEA
simulations. (Understand)
11.​Demonstrate how to apply loads and constraints to a bone model in FEA software.
(Apply)
12.​Assess the challenges in simulating bone behavior using FEA techniques. (Evaluate)

4. Different Loading Configurations in Biomechanics

 13.​Explain different types of loading conditions (compressive, tensile, shear) used in
FEA for biomechanics. (Understand)
14.​Compare static and dynamic loading conditions in the context of biomechanical
analysis. (Analyze)
15.​Analyze the impact of different loading conditions on bone fracture risk prediction.
(Analyze)
16.​Evaluate the role of loading configurations in prosthetic and implant testing using
FEA. (Evaluate)

5. Biomechanical Analysis of Hard Tissues

17.​Describe how FEA is used to analyze the mechanical behavior of hard tissues like
bone and teeth. (Understand)
18.​Illustrate a case study where FEA has been used for orthopedic implant analysis.
(Apply)
19.​Propose a methodology for conducting an FEA study on dental implants. (Create,
Evaluate)
20.​Assess the role of patient-specific FEA models in personalized medicine and
treatment planning. (Evaluate)
21.​Differentiate between Classical Methods, Numerical Methods, and Experimental
methods.
22.​Illustrate the steps involved in FEM?
23.​Explain different Elements used in FEM with their applications?
24.​Discuss any three types of analysis involved in FEM?
25.​Explain the advantages, disadvantages, and applications of FEM?
26.​Describe the compatibility and completeness requirements.
27.​Describe the convergence requirements?
28.​Explain h and p-type mesh refinement methods.
29.​Illustrate any three theories of failure with a neat diagram.

Unit 6

1. Orthopedic Implants and Fixations

1.​ Define orthopedic implants and explain their role in biomechanics. (Understand)
2.​ List the different types of orthopedic implants and describe their applications.
(Remember, Understand)
3.​ Compare metallic, polymeric, and ceramic implants in terms of their mechanical
properties and biocompatibility. (Analyze)
4.​ Illustrate how fixation devices such as plates, screws, and rods support bone healing.
(Apply)
2. General Design Procedure

5.​ Explain the key steps in designing an orthopedic implant. (Understand)

6.​ Describe the factors considered in the material selection for biomedical implants.
(Understand)
7.​ Analyze the importance of stress analysis in the design of orthopedic implants.
(Analyze)
8.​ Evaluate the impact of patient-specific customization in the design of medical
implants. (Evaluate)

3. Manufacturing Processes for Biomedical Applications

9.​ Identify common manufacturing techniques used in orthopedic implant production.

(Remember)
10.​Describe the advantages and limitations of additive manufacturing (3D printing) in
biomedical engineering. (Understand)
11.​Demonstrate the process of CNC machining in producing precision medical
implants. (Apply)
12.​Assess the effect of surface modification techniques on the performance and longevity
of implants. (Evaluate)

4. Other Biomedical Applications

13.​List biomedical applications of biomechanics apart from orthopedic implants.

(Remember)
14.​Describe the use of biomechanics in prosthetic limb design and development.
(Understand)
15.​Compare the biomechanics of natural joints and artificial joint replacements.
(Analyze)
16.​Analyze the role of biomechanics in cardiovascular applications, such as stents and
heart valves. (Analyze)
17.​Illustrate the biomechanical principles involved in the development of dental
implants. (Apply)
18.​Evaluate the effectiveness of rehabilitation devices based on biomechanical
principles. (Evaluate)
19.​Propose improvements in the design of current orthopedic implants to enhance
functionality and durability. (Create, Evaluate)
20.​Design a workflow for testing the mechanical performance of a newly developed
biomedical implant. (Create, Apply)
21.​Explain in brief the different categories of physical tests.
22.​Explain any three chemical tests involved in implant testing.
23.​Describe any two structural characteristics considered for implant testing.
24.​Illustrate different aspects of the biological compatibility of implants.
25.​Illustrate the general implant design process with the help of flow charts.