2016/08/02 2.0 HAND PROCESSES vopULs = 2.1 HAND TOOLS + Hand tool ace used to remove small mounts of ‘ate scaly fom seal areas of the workpiece wha, Mp maciv asad, the weg ists ke tg 00a mshi M the beget sip al bts eps mci do werk * Some of the most commonly sed hand tools are Engi’ fe, hak ld das rege npc” [_ Bese or eis ps Dir ae pore bol wpe 2.2 Engineer's files * Used to perform awide vast of tk fom titra stor ofp 0 prodacng inset spe where te wie ef machine ic mpacacase + Obtained a vase of se and int fron 150 mo 3 ——— ee me - otthesneoanerat and with ewo sn of txt co across {ce itis hoon 8 buble file, Gre gc of 0 i-th spacing ofthe teeth and Getermines the conseness or smoothness of the fle + Three standard grades of extia common use, from coats 0 smoothest are han td and * Bastard cat - for rough Bling to semove the most mated Inthe shores ine, * Second cut brings the wark cose to finished size sad * Smooth cut gives 1 good Gish 10 the surface while ‘removing tbe smullest amount of material. + Files ae idensied ether by their geal bape — ie. hod ot or pila or by thee asr-acion =i. iuon, tees, end, halon baie 1D Hand files for general use, sypicely on fat ies 8 Tis esenpar nese, * poral ie wae log tle, ‘per sgl hes fr esprit the is hired of tl evade th poi dbl beth fo, 1 snl enon ee andl nthe cd ee ena a (OPillas ile: bs the same section as hand fe but of = ‘hinoersecson. + tis ured for narcow slots and heyways =< (OF file: also for general use, rypicly cn at surfaces > Rectangular io cross-section and tapers in both with and thickness for approximately he et hid of is legs toward the pour. > Both faces are double-cur and both edges sagt =e |2015 Square Biles eof spre even, tol for apprenenately ‘80 thieds of itelengh, thea cperng toward the pat. eis ‘cle om a ees + Used foe Bling kywoy set ao the smaller snort rege bls with 50 des ‘Square a OTivee square le alo ced bf has 6 ange vesacton posi foc pons to fa of Tenth then cig rowa the pint Te ese se fina sod se op. + Used fr sre which et et hs 9, anal a Round Sle: eof ciralar rossseeion, * poral fr poesia words of is lagib end then ‘apn oor hep 1 Sean. ond sth last ee te Bast it eo 1 Ti ied fo elrging eed ley lng shes Faster nd ies @ QHateround fle: has on land oe ered ide Tegal foc pprvimaly owt filth ten pen aia chm tena ei +The ae eit deca and be curved sides singlet on endo ond fle 1 Thr an ero age debe perzave fl fo tos od fo cred rcs ole for tern fle q Knife file: has a xvdeslgted exes section, The hin ee ngsrigh let rhick ede tapes 0 be isin cppracinaly the lat ir of lg The idee debe. + Ths fei md in fig ote onl =< cate es: sed for very fe wor in toa making Stig where very al ous of mater have tbe ‘emovedis iu haes ori conned space + Ansiabl fone 120 mote 180 me long, of mich approximately ‘olf ir florbaped and et, the remainder forming 2 sade car ot a ——— ‘ADereadaoughe files: have deep carved tei miled oo thee faces. + Dag remo mtr ater dite fet + Toi rnp! is fing ft mai ut as lenin te meta prose bt 1 The abd Lge ra of te wel a0 mali atl sas plc, wed lr ond ha + Ti pe of fis naa hod fl, blind ad sare from 150 mo 64100 lng + To cab at ae bd m,n, tod ere fu Filing Fingicrwotadedopeaton, wel korsgea Gop it seve: Toe handle is sipped in the palo of the ght band with che Bumb on top and the palm of tbe Tet Ian sorting st the point ofthe le a Sind eyo he sie, The Yeh foot heed wel forward to ake th weight of dhe body on the foreué suche. The Fight fot i placed well back fo enable | enero pal or2016/08/02 ‘Reenter tha ts one food ee ti tre Th appled by i Bf Boud ge fmo eosee od sed i ee are of fies Notes es apa btn dee he ee snore dipped + Never broke i ned 0 pet dof lings inthe twth— use a fle brush +A Glebrush shouldbe ned replat remove Bigs from ‘the tet, a falar to do so wi ne raching of tr work fo nd inert renaa of etal _Abvaye cea the ile spin of the job before patongit oo + Do eter mich rotanewhea using» new Ble ex some of ‘he wets may Bes off due to the herpes Rec the ame ras, dn ai a fon rh nis of castings, welds ox hard scale Abas ue spr filed andl of the corte: sine 2.3 The hacksaw + The haskom is wsed ro cot mets + Whexe Lage amaut of mare srr have 1 be removed, this is moze cay done by hacksawing avay the surplus rather than by ling + The hacksaw bd sito a hackstw rane 09 t80beieg int, one of which sedate i exes to tae the bade. + The hac fee should be rig, bold the blade in cert agen, int Blade anys ase oe +The dei fine ote fame withthe ec pining re fr ode 20 cote tenioed ting he rt ae pte sc hen ping ore eso oh + os bd wl to 0 lnk 28 ot et srt, while a9 wih Bod could pul ou th nt ofthe Blade ee = + The standard backeaw blade i 300melong 131m wide (0.65 mn tick and is avaable wit I, 15,6 and 32 teeth pr Drone fon every 2S me lag of Sade there ae 14 teeth 18 teth and s0 0 + Ahacksnw blade should be choses to sit, 0 te pe of mara bing a, whether hard or sof and © the mst of ta, wheter thick secon o thin, + Tove important factors in the da of ih are 9 epi tne toe eh ath) ibe moti jr wich de mode «There as isin the Made big the ho mbes of teeth se ue per xm + Likea fl the backsaw cus on the oar kr, whic is ‘when presure shouldbe applied, Presrore shoul be selessed cn the rier ra + De not rush but ute long sendy stokes (around 70 stakes ‘per minute when using high-speed ste] Blades). The seme balanced stoce should be used a fr Sling+ Thee types of hacksaw blade are salable: alan he sad bial > Allard ~ made fom hod higher tel Da to ‘hele all-abrough hardacs, ches Blades have» lng bade ‘elox ac also very bite and are eal broke if twisted dudag eswing > ese cade fom hgh el bt wit ony te set ord Ti rel nals Hae bard ath which iva ona and can terfore Be ed iy te les opetenrd we or when ving men vk prion, Toe Ba reed oo rhino iy brig hd on > Bimetalic this ype of blade consis of & narrow tinge sp of bared bg peed et joined to rag ale lack by eleewon bear ‘welding + This blade contines the gualtes of bd of the lard Made andthe laokable abi of te ese bd, esting a shatterproof blade with Joo Bie and er costing properties 2.4 Cold chisels + Cold eisels are use foe cutting metal They are made ‘om high-carbon steel, hardened and tempered atthe ‘cing end, + The opposite end, which i ste by the hres, aot bardened butt ef to withrtand the hammer bows ‘without chipping. + Cold cicls ae classe ap Bato crone-cu according ro dhehape of the pot. (DP has brad fl pas aa edo eth ht maa mae it bad pcre ats. The cuing edge is grovod t0 erode of pponitey 6 Soe —_————) 1D Gross-cat: has a sorroer pint than the Mat chisel sad is ied 0 a ps, erro zones, guar corm and bake hen meno a) Using the chisel + When usinga cold chisel on sect material grea care must bbe taken not to dior the metal by providing prger apport (ork lig meen) + Tis best co mort ou the shape required, dri’ secet of, Doles in the waste mates and we he ciel obi cngh erwin the ele, + The chisel should be held fm a wf, an te bead ould best mt bap few the hse keeping you aye on the tng fy, not the ci ead 4+ Hola the chise! st approsioately 40%, Do oot held the ie at 00 stupa aml otherwise it wl tend tone de ‘ctl Too shallow an angle will eause the chisel co skid sad prevent ering + Use shamamer Large eeu 0 60 the ob, raping wel back atthe ed of the handle, 0% 3th nd mare tb bad + Never allow lage ath heed to form onthe head of schist, ae enon How foes the harsmes can die 2 chip which could fly off and damage your eye or hand.2016/08/02 old ae canbe spre epg he edge on a0 of os Sovpers cond end, When xt-sbarpening, do wot slow the chisel 2.5 Scrap see eitecome wohet sent tw betogend aco] | + Scoping dene vo remove mates et Soren and beamabh emt ss salt ge xd eager ake fling or chteing +The purpote of srapng it therefore o ray high ts 0 ee oe 4 Te filrciadal Sie md epee tac (eat ci Surg settles in which hbscant ean e belé berseea ~ Se we ie iy unces. (cet eonings ae + Surface pate and erface bles are examples of scraping [Steet ae Deng used when fatness of preme importance + Bamps where bath sms an lating proper axe 0A ah fim of eg) dies smeared evenly 0 the surface equzed en besten on the ssbg sults of ent lathes 208 Plate, and Uh foe lee ape spaced 08 16 and mee ing, sping agri mache Hab ran site ae + The Bat scapes, for use on flat surfaces resembles «hand (© Any igh oteshow up a8 blue spots, and dese ate ‘ie tinned dowa st the poins bot it doce not have any ‘edoced by sping. The surfaces aps ocr, red tnd the rn ir rete un the dred lnc obtained teeth ut on it ‘0 Their ghth aoe, (© Thecating dy aegp harp by eas of 0 cto ‘0 Fnnets of the eure ie ered wl th hea bi © Cats th far a, he igh sing mado ot snaps ren ane y Be fora te sue pat (tin yt foward robes © The flamers ch wit ferme 1.2 fe pete seen _ tuna mca heures echidna, |_| nenintbem cine otis pee nsmerr pent on each side. fied oa atmghrrend bed, sean hickory oc #2 + The durcesquace or uhangular scraper: commonly sed to remove the sharp edges fo curved sarfaces and +The fa sing sutaeis hewn ash fae and the obs pposte end ie eed zen rc + The most commmenly used i the ball pein, which has LS enema 8 sed foe ning er te ends of is — = 0d =D I+ Por ot with fl ah ann oc with ibd compos whee the werkgize coud be Scagedif seek by an engineer’ bares, 2 ange of hamnes sealable with sf fe, usuly hide, copper or» tough lai rch a + The soft faces are usualy inthe fen of mpl ats secewed ato the Dead ta sin te Facey + Always use a hammer which is ay gh to dav the eguiced force bot not bay tobe tng in use, | + The seal sates, 7 hy m9 02 Ky ace uted for ent aneling whe the {Ag ooes ace used wih shi oe ‘when diving dye Ay als oes + The inh of te kone designed fo the spread ‘ra and te hammer shoal be eid mea ted of the ‘endl 0 deliver the neue io, + Akay easoce that the lowe bondi sound and thet the eed ieee fed 2.7 Screwdrivers * Screwdeivers are used only tonite or ovr rm. (Thy ‘auld oer bad i sid, ten in, of ait line off bt port cho liao ba. + Siren bade nade foe toghened lay ste + These are two pes af sexew sor the sri lt nad the sro ait * Sccew devers may be Mar (undo righ el x 888 fd ens + Absays select dhe sccewdive to cut the sizeof tr ad and the ape of et + In the interests of personal safety, ner Bld he work in por bond while ening ox loareeg vere = the Bade may ‘kp and cruise anata. + Aways bold the work sear ae o cleo alid ao 2.7 Taps Tapping isthe opection of curing en inten! shad by a ofa curing tool known 1 «5 + Theoue vid thelocgest ead ES. ie sefezed to asthe opr ce fit wp, the nex the eed — sxiamaien ipods see 19 third chich hata very chore lead as the luctong org ag Om te. t + A scuxe's prosded atone seotan fend soit be tap can be easily rotted by bolding iin gp nen + Thestac pipe of wrendia ied fee the smaller tp sizes2016/08/02 [7 she ise sage in epping is ail bok shore oral chy lrg thor re ana of se thd) “Tapping is then sacred using the per oft ep securely Il in tgp we. The tp erate, ping dnd press unt cating starts si ‘Therap should be nrc ask gue ger, to lp a foes te Ate. + Wen ping ind hu great exe seul be taken not 9 Sea ip. The wp shoo be esol thorn tunes any hips be removed before proceeing (0 tbe al dep 2.9 Dies + Dies are wed 1 oo evra ied and ae svalable in siees ‘yp to approximately 35 sn tend ameter + The commen spe for vse by hand the circular spit dic, made fro lighsped ie arm a8 perl a0 8 ‘tc 0 enable smal ajurtmenss of size to be made “The dies heldin solder Roowa asa die stock, which nasa nal aren for arin the sxe 20d ide dking ret hie Tock in dnp in te outside diamere ofthe ae cares Die holder ‘open de ~ Sis teting i soe ie “The dic ie inserted inthe holder withthe i Bud wp with ‘he ental ava: The cents] eerie then tightened ¢o that thedieie expanded, and the two ide locking cerews are ‘Bgened wo bold ihe di in postion, * Dies have aad on the fir wo or duce theads, to help a ating, bx iw alco te have» chamfer on the cad of the component + Thee ig plod sgnarehon the end of the bar aad it ‘tad oping daoevard frac wa eon sts, ‘ensuing thatthe eck borg +The die shoul be rovated hort every evo ox tree toens, to bk ap and rte ps, The thread can 9Ow be checked wath amit 1+ As wit tapping sve ig sad bt vat ate prodioced ‘when a propritar coting compounds osee 2.40 Powered hand tools + Themain advantages of powered hand tools are © thereon of mn ft © thee up ofthe eprtion. © The oper, big aftr, ob carey th task ‘moiety andthe ering pf th aprtion rie er prebusin st (© Boi poe 2 pmerd hand tl ean Be ah to th ork, soi cn abe had9 ors retin es, ‘The or of powered tools ie mil eresorthaa the cura? ‘raved ad mast bien inc caren a hie asf Be ed. —s + Powered and tools ean be dco ipa. In genes rt or De tha the agus a a, dort thei ulin water, chee ender wrgh 2g ble lon gunn siege reas igh 0.9 hg _Aineprati too 2a be safely wed in ost work ‘oodiions, whl sonst should ot be used in ‘conditions which arene ox damp or ver the ira ik of Je lr sploe, soca io lune oe dt armor + Some of the powered ad too are: Band dil aendinr, ingot sreach grid, ote seers homersPliers, Snips, & Vice Grips Pliers and Snips Usage: These electrical plers have a wire cutting edge and wide Jaws. The handle is insulated for shock resistance. Channel Lock Pliers Usage: Channel iock piers are easily adjusted to ft all sizes of pipe or botts. Needle Nose Pliers Usage: Needle nose pliers ars used in hard to reach areas; side cutters are used to cut wire, Side Cut Pliers Usage: Needle nose pliers are used in hard to reach areas; side cutters are used to cut wire. Assorted Vise Grips Usage: Vise grips have @ locking handle that wil grip with out being hele, they are used to hold metal pieces together for welding, bolting, or alignment process. Assorted Vise Grips Usage: Vise atips have a locking hanale that wit rip with out being hed, they are used to hold metal pieces together for welding, bolting, or elgnment process.