To study method of preparation of ohm's law

in laboratory

A project report submitted for the partial fulfillment

of the requirement in physics of class 11
2025

Submitted by
Pratima Dhamala
……………………………………………….

Class 11
Registration Number
………………………………………

Submitted to
Daisy English Boarding Secondary School
Khairahani-8, Parsa
Chitwan, Nepal
19/01/2082

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Declaration
This is to ensure that I hereby declare that the project work
entitled “A Study On Method Of Preparation Of Ohm's Law”
Submitted to Department of Physics Of Daisy English Boarding
Secondary School; Khairahani-8, Parsa, Chitwan is an original
piece of work carried out and prepared under the supervision
and guidance of Mr. Prakash Gupta,
Faculty of Physics and is submitted for the partial fulfillment of
requirements for Physics of +2. This project work report has
not been submitted elsewhere for the award of any degree.

………………………
Name of the student: Pratima Dhamala
Email: pratimadhamala99@gmail.com
Date: 19/01/2082

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Recommendation
This is to recommend that ……………………………, registration
no……………………… has carried out project work entitled “To study
method of preparation of ohm's law” for the requirement to the
project work of Grade 11 in Physics , under our supervision in
the Department of Physics, Daisy English Boarding Secondary
School, Khairahani-8, Parsa, Chitwan , Nepal.
To my knowledge, this work has not been submitted to any
other degree.
He/She has fulfilled all the requirements laid down by NEB,
Nepal for the submission of the project work for the partial
fulfillment of +2 level.

………………………………….
Mr. Basanta Acharya
Supervisor
Faculty of Physics,
Daisy English Boarding Secondary School.
Date- 19/01/2082

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Acknowledgement
I am very happy to prepare the project report entitled,
“To study method of preparation of ohm's law”, which
is prepared as per the syllabus of NEB 2079 of grade XI.
The objective of this report is to study method of
preparation of ohm's law in laboratory practically and
present it in the format of report writing.
While preparing this report, many different people have
shown their involvement in different ways. I wish to
express my deepest and sincere thanks first to my god
and then to my supervisor, Basanta Acharya sir. I am
also grateful to Mr. Prakash Gupta sir, HoD of Science.
He has been supportive of my carrier goals and for his
empathy, patience, and knowledge that he imparts unto
us.
I am thankful to Prem Raj Rimal, Principal, Daisy English
Boarding Secondary School for providing me such a
golden opportunity to carry out this project work.
I would like to give special thanks to Mr. Sreechandra
Wagle, plus two Co-Ordinator, who willingly helped with
his full cooperation which has made the research study
achieve its smooth completion.
I would also like to express gratitude to all the friends
and staffs of this school for their invaluable assistance.
Thank you all.

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Abstract
Ohm’s Law specifies the relationship among voltage (V),
current (I), and resistance (R) of an electrical circuit. The
experiment is aimed at investigating and verifying Ohm’s Law
by noting the current through a resistor under different applied
voltages at constant resistance. We then analyze the voltage-
current relationship and determine the component’s resistance
based on the experimental data.

TABLE OF CONTENT

Title page
Certificate of approval i
Declaration ii
Recommendation Letter iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v
Introduction 1
Materials and Method 3
Result and Discussion 4
Conclusion 4
References 4

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I.INTRODUCTION
Ohm’s Law is a fundamental law of electrical circuits that
states that the current through a conductor between two points
is directly proportional to the voltage between the two points
and inversely proportional to the conductor’s resistance. Ohm’s
Law is expressed mathematically as:

V=IR
Where: •(V) is the voltage (or potential difference) across the
conductor, in volts (V).
•(I) is the current flow of the conductor, in amperes (A).
•(R) is the resistance of the conductor, in ohms (Ω).

The law implies a linear proportionality of current to voltage for

a fixed value of resistance. If the resistance is held constant,
the voltage across a component can be raised, and this will
result in a proportional increase in the current flowing through it.
The objective of this project is to experimentally verify Ohm’s
Law by building a simple circuit with a resistor, varying the
voltage across it, and measuring the resultant current. If we
graph the voltage against the current, we should obtain a
straight line whose slope will be the resistance of the resistor.
This experiment will also provide an appreciation of the
definition of resistance as opposition to the flow of electric
current.
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II.Material and methods
A. Apparatus:
•Resistor: A resistor of unknown resistance.
•DC Power Supply: A variable DC power supply (e.g., battery eliminator).
•Ammeter: A DC ammeter with an appropriate range to measure the
current in amperes.
•Voltmeter: A DC voltmeter with an appropriate range to measure the
voltage in volts.
•Rheostat: A variable resistor to control the current and voltage in the
circuit.
•Switch: A single-pole single-throw (SPST) switch to turn the circuit on
and off.
•Connecting Wires: Sufficient number of connecting wires with insulated
ends.

B. Circuit Diagram:

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C. Circuit Connection:

Join the components meticulously according to the circuit diagram.

Ensure that the ammeter is connected in series with the resistor, and the
voltmeter in parallel across the resistor. Place the rheostat in the circuit
in series so that current and voltage can be adjusted. Connect the power
supply to the circuit via the switch, ensuring that the power supply is
initially at its minimum voltage.
•Preparing for Measurements: Before closing the switch, recheck all the
connections for tightness and correctness. Ensure that the ammeter and
voltmeter are on the correct ranges to obtain correct readings without
damaging the instruments.
•Recording Readings:
a. Close the switch to energize the circuit.
b. Adjust the rheostat to obtain the first reading of voltage (V) across the
resistor (from the voltmeter) and corresponding current (I) flowing
through it (from the ammeter). Record these in tabular form.

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c. Adjust the position of the rheostat to obtain at least five to six sets of
voltage and current readings spanning a good range of values.
For each setting, allow the ammeter and voltmeter readings to stabilize
before recording them.
e. Open the switch once all the readings have been recorded.
•Recording of Data: Tabulate the observed data in a table with columns
for the serial number of observation, voltage (V), and current (I).

Serial no Voltage (V) Current (I)

1
2
....

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III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The measurements will be tabulated as voltage, current, and
calculated resistance per measurement. The graph of voltage
against current will typically be a straight line, confirming the
linear relationship by Ohm's Law. The gradient of the line will be
the value of the resistance, which will be expected to be in
accordance with the known resistance of the resistor used.
Any deviations from the expected results can be attributed, as
well as potential sources of error in the form of measurement
inaccuracies, resistor tolerance, and the influence of
temperature on resistance. The relevance of these results to
everyday life, e.g., circuit design and analysis, will be addressed.

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IV. CONCLUSION
This lab was a practical verification of Ohm’s Law for a
resistive device under controlled conditions. The findings
confirm the principle that for ohmic materials, the resistance
remains constant, which makes voltage and current linearly
related. This is a significant principle for analysis and design of
electrical circuits. Future research can investigate the behavior
of non-ohmic devices where this linear relationship does not
hold.

References
1. Comprehensive Physics for class 11.
2. Practical of Physics; By Pratima Dhamala

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