what is it?

how writers use language to influence an

audience.

리토리컬

Purpose of rhetorical-
To inform, persuade, entertain; what the author wants the audience to believe, know,
feel, or do
The purpose of this essay is to argue that
electronic voting systems are less reliable than paper ballots.

5 3 body paragraphs

2 citations - reference

References

They are the same.

Computer hackers can change the

outcome of an election.
 Yes, because the author asks a question and draws the reader into the essay. Also, the reader wants to
know why we should not rely on technology for voting.

Yes, because the reader wants to learn about the four strategies of camouflage and how
they differ.
Can computer technology be used to steal an election?

Question

The animals that can live the longest are the ones that hide the best

Statement that surprises

Many students dread them, but tests are a key part of the educational experience.

Dilemma/conflict
Some airline passengers pay twice as much as the person they are sitting next to.

Surprising statement

Passwords need to be easy to remember yet complex enough to keep accounts secure.

Dilemma/conflict

What makes the best jury?

question
These days kale is on nearly every menu. What has made it so popular?

Surprising statement / question

The our primary strategies of camouflage include concealing
coloration, disruptive coloration, disguise, and mimicry.

The writer will discuss four strategies of camouflage, one strategy per body
paragraph

A wide variety of study skills and techniques can aid students as they work towards their
objectives in all of their classes.

The writer will discuss different studying strategies in relation to

students’ objectives
_5

3
4

2
 Key words from the introduction paragraph: Computer technology, societies, voting, elections

Paragraph 1 ends with “Societies should not rely solely on electronic systems for voting because elections are too
important to trust to computers.” The conclusion returns to this idea with “Since voting is critically important to
the effective working of society, governments should not rely only on computers for all elections.”

The writer gives an

opinion

camouflage, strategies, predators, predation, hiking

“The four primary strategies of camouflage include concealing coloration, disruptive

coloration, disguise, and mimicry.”conclusion returns to this idea with “Whether by
concealing coloration, disruptive coloration, disguise, or mimicry, animals need the
protections of camouflage if they are to escape their natural foes.”

The writer gives an

(expert’s) opinion.
 Grammar: Modifying Nouns
Nouns can be modified in several ways.

NOUN MODIFIERS EXAMPLES

I
The main reason for this situation is complex.
A preceding adjective
TripAdvisor is a well-known and reputable organization.
A lack of money is the reason for this decision.
A prepositional phrase
Inflation is one of the groblems with the economy.
This is the reason that the committee voted no.
An adjective clause
These are groblems that are happening now.
In 2018, the United Nations produced a science regort.
A noun + noun phrase
Learn this target word.

Note that a noun+ noun phrase can have several nouns acting as adjectives:
a research paper a history research paper
A noun + noun phrase can also include an adjective; it precedes a noun acting as an adjective:
a long research paper a long history research paper

@~ACTIVITY 10 I Understanding nouns modifying adjectives

Write a short definition of these items.

1. a weather delay ____________________________ _

2. a money shortage ___________________________ _

3. a rice cooker ------------------------------

4. an air traffic control mistake _______________________ _

5. an earthquake warning system malfunction _________________ _

®} ACTIVITY 11 I Identifying noun + noun phrases

Underline the six noun+ noun phrases in the paragraph.

If government officials decide to use electronic voting machines, they should ensure that all
voters show proper voter registration before voting and then receive paper receipts after voting.
These receipts could then be collected for later verification. These paper slips would clearly state

that the voters really voted for the candidates that they selected. Furthermore, if any candidate

suspects that an election is unfair, these receipts could be counted by hand and checked against

the official results that the computers provided. At the very least, voting should be a simple,

secure, and consistent process, regardless of the voting procedure that is being used.

19
 topic 4

topic 1

topic 2

topic 3
brainstorm ideas

Read about the topic

Make an outline
The best music to study with

How music affects our mood

Why the service industry is growing

The best jobs in the 21st century

Why football is popular in the U.S.

Sports in education

A vegetarian diet

Steps to being healthy with nutrition

Children learn about limits It is hard to enforce time limits.
Children can spend more time outside getting Children may be using their screens for educational
exercise. information.
There is less risk of damaging vision
 My car accident was completely acoidable- I was texting while driving

I was expecting a text msg.

I took my eyes off the road

Police officer game me a ticket

Cell phones are addictive

People think that using a cell phone does not affect ability to do other things at same
time

Texting causes the same delayed reaction as driving while drinking

Advice- turn your cell phone off

 experience

purchase whereas

completely

buyers

often
 tough

up to

shift

harm

bargain
occupational

multitask

rational

desire

minor

harmful

harm

maximum

maximize

negotiation

negotiable
 shift

shifted

tragically

tragedy

times / it

eliminate!!!

lies / are
a

tragic / not to
 The team anticipates tough competition in next week's championship game.

The child's desire for attention did not seem rational

Some people can multitask up to three tasks at once

In some places, bargaining can help maximize your dollar

NC

NC

NC

C
NC

C
 TS

TS

By itself Disney includes 28,000 acres, and it is just 22 miles from Orlando.

Not only is Walt Disney World the home of the largest hotel in Florida, but it also has many amazing theme park.
According to Wilkins (1972), “While without grammar very little can be
conveyed, without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed” (p. 111).

According to Wilkins, “While without grammar very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary

nothing can be conveyed” (111).

According to Wilkins (1972), communication

depends much more on vocabulary than on grammar (p. 111).

According to Wilkins, communication depends

much more on vocabulary than on grammar (111).
APA: References Wilkins, D. A. (1972). Linguistics in language. London:

Edward Arnold.

MLA: Works Cited

Wilkins, David A. Linguistics in Language. Edward Arnold, 1972.

Thomas Edison observed that people who fail are often those who gave up too early.

Mark Twain suggested that we will have more regret if we don’t participate in activities
or life rather than if we do.

Lin Yutang noted that you find true peace when you do not struggle against difficulties.

Alice Walker pointed out that the easiest way to lose power is to think you don’t have it.

Oscar Wilde thought that we should enjoy life rather than take it too seriously.
Orlando used to be a small agricultural town.

This is due to theme park

Orlando has been

intensive

intensifies

master

mastery
 factories region

according to

have
requires
obtaining

to
produce
purchasing

complained

Badgers have short legs for digging, but they can run surprisingly fast, up ro 30 kph for a short period of time.

Even though badgers have short legs for digging, they can run surprisingly fast, up to 30kph for a short period of time.

The famous composer Ludwig Van Beethoven lost his hearing in 1801, but he completed many of his most

famous works, including his ninth symphony, around 1820.

Venus, which is named for the Roman goddess of love and beauty, is the second planet from the sun and

has an average temperature of 462 degrees Celsius.

Financial worries poor sleep

tests Poor heaalth

Illness depression
The purpose of this is to show how weather has affected world history.
 APA

a monsoon in Japan Kublai khan failed to conquer Japan

fog in Long Island The Brirish failed to defeat the American

colonists

the cold winters of Russia France failed to conquer Russia

how people think they control their fate

The weather has changed world history in important ways.

Japan's identity would have changed if Khan had succeeded in his invasion
 the American Revolution against Great Britanin

H.Belloc, who documents the effect of the Russian winter

the course of history cannot be fully islolated from the effects of the weather