4.
Geometry
Geometry is the branch of mathematics that deals with the properties and
relationships of points, lines, angles, shapes, and solids. It explores both
two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) spaces, making it vital
for fields like architecture, engineering, art, and physics.
Basic geometry includes:
Points (no size, just a location)
Lines and line segments
Angles (measured in degrees)
Shapes like triangles, squares, circles
Solid figures like cubes, cylinders, and spheres
A key part of geometry is understanding how shapes behave and interact.
For example, the sum of interior angles in a triangle is always 180
degrees. A circle has 360 degrees, and its area can be found using the
formula A = πr².
Example:
If a circle has a radius of 4 cm, its area is:
A = π × 4² = 16π ≈ 50.27 cm²
More advanced geometry includes coordinate geometry, where points are
placed on an x-y axis, and trigonometry, which studies the relationships
between angles and sides in triangles.
Geometry is crucial for:
Building and construction
Designing objects and graphics
Navigation systems (e.g., GPS