PATHOLOGY
PAPER – 2
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PATHOLOGY – PAPER II
1. BLOOD VESSELS
ESSAY
1. Atherosclerosis (3)
2. Atheroma, risk factors for atherosclerosis, role of lipid and endothelial
injury, and its pathogenesis (2)
SHORT NOTES
1. Buerger’s disease (TAO)
2. Dissecting aneurysm (4)
3. Heart vegetation
4. Atheromatous plaque
5. HUS
6. Hamartoma
7.Anuerysm
8.Consequence of atherosclerotic disease
9. Raynaud’s Phenomenon
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2. THE HEART
ESSAY
1. MI (2)
2. Infective endocarditis / bacterial endocarditis
(2)
3. Define Rheumatic fever, details about RHD (3)
SHORT NOTES
1. Rheumatic cardiac lesion
2. Lab diagnosis of acute MI (2)
3. Hypertensive heart disease
4. Infective endocarditis
5. Cardiac lesions in RHD
6. Fallot’s tetralogy
7. Aschoff’s bodies
8. Enzymes in MI
9. Frozen section
10.Dilated Cardiomyopathy (2)
11. Vegetation of heart
12. Infarct morphology
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3. THE LUNG
ESSAY
1. Bronchogenic carcinoma –etiopathogenesis and
morphology of various subtypes (2)
2. Classify bronchogenic carcinoma, details about small cell carcinoma
3. Bronchial asthma (2)
4. Define and classify emphysema, details about panacinar emphysema
5. Emphysema (2)
6. Lobar pneumonia
SHORT NOTES
1. Oat cell carcinoma (3) 12. ARDS (2)
2. Bronchiectasis (7) 13. Pathology of bronchial asthma
3. Good Pasteur’s syndrome 14. Primary Atypical pneumonia
4. Carcinoid tumours of lung (2) 15. Ghon’s complex
5. Silicosis (2) 16. Viral pneumonia
6. Bronchoalveolar carcinoma 17. Oppurtunistic lung infection in
AIDS
7. Mesothelioma (2)
18. Primary pulmonary TB
8. Etiopathology of CA lung
19. Lobar pneumonia
9. Small cell carcinoma lung (2)
20. Emphysema
10. Pneumoconiosis (4)
21. causes of hypersensitive
11. Asbestosis
pneumonitis.
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4. HEAD AND NECK
ESSAY
1. Classify tumours of salivary glands, details about salivary adenomas
SHORT NOTES
1. Ameloblastoma
2. Pleomorphic adenoma of salivary gland and malignant salivary gland
tumours (5)
3. Warthin tumour
4. Adamantinoma jaw
5. Paraganglioma
5. GIT
5
ESSAY
1. IBD, Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis (5)
2. Peptic ulcer
3. Ulcerative lesions of small and large intestine (2)
4. Define peptic ulcer, details about chronic gastric ulcer
SHORT NOTES
1. Etiopathology of duodenal 10. Early gastric carcinoma
ulcer
11. Barret’s oesophagus (3)
2. Neoplastic polyps of large
12. IBD
intestine
13. APUD cell tumours (2)
3. Crohn’s disease / regional
ileitis (6) 14. Gross and microscopy of
colorectal carcinoma
4. Chronic gastric ulcer (2)
15. Pathogenesis and morphology
5. Etiology of gastric cancer
of gastric cancer
6. Ulcerative colitis (7)
7. Coeliac sprue
8. Congenital megacolon
9. Gross and microscopic
appearance of amoebic dysentery
colon (2)
6. LIVER AND BILIARY TRACT
6
ESSAY:
1. Classify cirrhosis details about portal cirrhosis
2. Classify cirrhosis of liver, details about alcoholic cirrhosis / any one of
the most common types (6)
3. PM appearance of cirrhosis of liver
4. Tumours of liver- classification, etiopathology and diagnosis
SHORT NOTES
1. Cholelithiasis (7) 10. Lab diagnosis of hepatitis (2)
2. Investigation of viral hepatitis 11. CVC liver (2)
(2)
12. Hepatocellular carcinoma and
3. Grey hepatization its etiology
4. Chronic acute hepatitis (4) 13. Hepatitis B
5. Etioclassification of liver 14. Hemochromatosis
cirrhosis (2)
15. Cirrhosis
6. Morphology of alcoholic liver
16. Metabolic cirrhosis
disease (5)
17. Benign neoplasm of liver
7. Chronic persistent hepatitis (3)
18. Chronic acute viral hepatitis
8. LDL
19.Laennec’s cirrhosis
9. Gall stones (2)
20. Cholangiocarcinoma
7. THE PANCREAS
7
SHORT NOTES
1. Acute pancreatitis and morphology (2)
2. Chronic calcific pancreatitis
8. THE KIDNEY
8
ESSAY
1. Classify acute glomerular nephritis, details
about acute post streptococcal glomerulo nephritis (2)
2. Chronic pyelonephritis (2)
3. Mechanism of glomerular injury in primary glomerular diseases
4. Nephritic syndrome
5. Nephrotic syndrome.
SHORT NOTES
1. Urinary casts (3) 11. Haemolytic uremic syndrome
2. Wilm’s tumour (7) 12. Nephroblastoma
3. Hypernephroma 13. Transitional cell carcinoma
bladder
4. Myeloma kidney
14. Crescentic glomerulonephritis
5. Contracted granular kidney (2)
(2)
6. Urinary findings of acute
15. Renal cell carcinoma (2)
glomerulonephritis
16. Immune complex nephritis
7. Acute pyelonephritis
17. Renal stones (2)
8. Polycystic kidney disease
18. Acute tubular necrosis
9. Pathology of carcinoma kidney
19. Minimal change nephropathy
10. Pheochromocytoma (2)
9. LOWER URINARY TRACT AND
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MALE GENITAL SYSTEM
SHORT NOTES
1. Seminoma (9)
2. Yolk sac tumor
3. Teratoma (2)
4. BPH (3)
5. Cryptorchidism
10. THE FEMALE GENITAL TRACT
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ESSAY
1. Cervical cancer (4)
2. Classify ovarian tumour, details about germ cell ovarian tumour (2)
3. Mucinous cystadenoma of ovary
4. Classify ovarian tumour. Detail about serous tumour
SHORT NOTES
1. Endometriosis (3)
2. Uterus leiomyomas
3. Choriocarcinoma
4. Cervical carcinoma etiopathology (4)
5. CIN (5)
6. Granulosa cell tumour ovary (2)
7. Benign cystic teratoma ovary
8. Hydatiform mole / vesicular mole (6)
9. Dysgerminoma
10. Surface epithelial tumour of ovary
11. Malignant tumour of endometrium. Note on malignant mixed
mullerian tumour
12. Brunner’s tumour
13. Krukenberg tumour
11. THE BREAST
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ESSAY:
1. Breast cancer (2)
2. Classify CA breast, details about pagets disease of breast
SHORT NOTES
1. Etiology of CA breast
2. Paget diseases of breast (2)
3. Cystosarcoma phyllodes (4)
4. Fibrocystic disease of breast (2)
5. Phyllodes tumour breast and mention the stromal tumours (3)
6. Gynaecomastia (2)
7. Prognostic and predictive factors of carcinoma breast
8. Fibroadenoma
12. THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
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ESSAY
1. Etiopathogenesis of diabetes and complication
2. Neoplasm of thyroid. Explain in detail about papillary CA of thyroid
SHORT NOTES
1. Hashimoto’s thyroid (11) 4. Morphology of kidney in
Diabetic nephropathy (4)
2. Medullary carcinoma thyroid
(2) 5. Pancreatic changes in DM
3. Lab diagnosis DM 6. Immune thyroiditis
7. IDDM
8. MEN syndrome 14. Papillary carcinoma thyroid
(2)
9. Grave’s disease
15. Hyperparathyroidism
10. Multi nodular goitre
16. Pheochromocytoma (3)
11. Diabetic nephropathy and
renal changes in DM (3) 17.Complication of DM
12. Cretinism (2) 18. Thyroiditis
13. Nodular goitre 19. Thyroglossal duct cyst
13. THE SKIN
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SHORT NOTES
1. Malignant melanoma (3)
2. Precancerous lesion skin (2)
3. Intradermal naevus
4. Exfoliative cytology
5. Basal cell carcinoma (4)
6. Kaposi sarcoma
7. Bowen’s disease of skin
8. Granular cell tumour
14. BONES, JOINTS, AND SOFT TISSUE TUMORS
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ESSAY
1. Classify tumour bone, details about osteogenic tumour
2. Osteosclerosis
3. Classify tumour CNS, details about gliomas
SHORT NOTES
1. Osteoclastoma (7)
2. Paget disease of bone (2)
3. Chronic osteomyelitis
4. Giant cell tumour bone (4)
5. Osteogenic sarcoma pathology (5)
6. TB osteomyelitis (2)
7. Osteomyelitis (2)
8. Chondroblastoma
9. Ewing’s sarcoma (5)
10. Pannus
11. Gout/Tophi
12. Cartilage forming tumours
13. Pyogenic osteomyelitis
14. Liposarcoma
15. Osteochondroma
16. Rhabdomyosarcoma
15. THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
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SHORT NOTES
1. TB meningitis
2. Brain tumours classification
3. CSF in TB meningitis / pyogenic meningitis (6)
4. Astrocytoma (4)
5. Neuro fibroma
6. Glioblastoma
7. Meningioma (9)
8. Glioblastoma multiformae (2)
9. Examination of CSF
10. Medulloblastoma
11. Prion disease
CASES
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1. A 10 yr. old child is admitted with puffiness of face oliguria, smoky
urine. Diagnosis? Etiopathogenesis & morphology of target organ?
clinical picture and lab diagnosis
2. A 15-year-old boy presents with huge swelling around knee with
stretched out shiny skin, X- ray shows bony mass in the lower third
of femur with soft tissue involvement and sun ray appearance. Detail
the lesion.
3. A 52-year-old male was admitted with persistent abdominal pain,
gastric distention and vomiting, he had H/O loss of appetite and loss
of weight and hematemesis, Diagnosis and etiopathogenesis?
4. A 74-year-old male presented with altered bowel habits, tarry stool,
loss of weight, fatigue, weakness of six-month duration after an
endoscopic biopsy colon left hemicolectomy was done. Diagnosis?
etiopathogenesis, morphology of target organ.
5. 40-year-old female present with post coital bleeding, foul smelling
discharge PV, she lost 15 % weight in two months with loss appetite.
Diagnosis? Etiopathogenesis & morphology of target organ (2)
6. 20-year-old female, H/o pain, swelling, tenderness over the lower
end of right femur for the past three month, suddenly developed
breathlessness, during her treatment and died, clinical autopsy
conducted. Diagnosis? Two investigations to arrive at diagnosis.
Etiopathogenesis, gross microscopy of lesion, two autopsy
confirmed lesion leading to death. (2)
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7. A 30yr old man with history painless cervical and axillary
lymphadenopathy with h/o loss of weight, fever and night sweating
and was found to have cutaneous allergy. No hepatosplenomegaly
a. diagnosis
b. manifestation of condition
c. morphology of any 2 types
8. A 50 yr. old man collapses suddenly while climbing the stairs with
severe chest pain and profuse sweating.
a. clinical diagnosis
b. etiopathogenesis
c. complications
d. risk factors.
e. biochemical test and their role in diagnosis
9. A 12 yr. old boy presented with fever oliguria and highly coloured
urine. He had sore throat 3 weeks back.
a. diagnosis
b. etiopathogenesis
c. relevant investigations
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10. A 13 yr old female with massive edema, puffiness of face,
decreased urine
a. diagnosis
b. probable renal pathology
c. Write in detail about minimal change disease
11. 44 yr. old nulliparous women presented with hard, fixed non
tender mass of about 6*4*4 cms in the upper outer quadrant of right
breast with axillary lymphadenopathy.
a. diagnosis
b. detail the prognostic and predictive factors of your
diagnosis
12. An 8 yr. old boy with old scars of scabies skin lesion with
history of haematuria, oliguria and puffiness of face.
a. diagnosis
b. etiopathogenesis and lab diagnosis
13. A 50 yr. old male painless firm testicular swelling with loss of
testicular sensation.
a. diagnosis
b. classification and etiopathogenesis
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14. A 47 yr. male patient with acute onset of dyspnoea, profuse
sweating, chest pain radiating to left shoulder.
Lab investigations: elevated troponin T
a. diagnosis
b. pathogenesis
c. morphology
15. A 60 yr. old male patient with anaemia, loss of weight, persistent
abdominal pain, distention and vomiting, upper GI endoscopy and
biopsy done.
a. diagnosis
b. etiopathogenesis and morphology
16. A 65 yr. male patient presented with bleeding PR. Colonoscopy-
rectosigmoid hard mass
a. Diagnosis
b. Discuss various neoplasm arising in rectosigmoid and write
in detail about morphological types and staging systems
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SHORT ANSWERS
1. What are the different stages of Pneumonia?
2. Enumerate 4 different types of Emphysema
3. 2 differences between Crohn’s disease & Ulcerative colitis
4. Gross differences between benign and malignant ulcers of stomach
5. Enumerate 4 different types of renal stones
6. Microscopic feature of leiomyoma
7. Mention 2 important microscopic features of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
8. Enumerate 2 radiological features of osteosarcoma
9. Features of diabetic retinopathy
10. Different types of giant cells
11. Exfoliative cytology
12. mention four pre-malignant – lesions
13. Ghon’s lesion (2)
14. Cerebrospinal fluid finding in pyogenic meningitis
15. Mention four opportunistic infections in AIDS
16. Cryptorchidism
17. Analgesic nephropathy
18. Mention four germ cell tumours
19. Condyloma acuminatum (warts)
20. 4 Pathological effects of gall stones.
21. Duchene muscular dystrophy
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OTHERS
1. Working formation of non-Hodgkin’s
lymphoma
2. Gaucher’s disease
3. Neuroblastoma
4. Carcinoid syndrome
5. Retinoblastoma
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