(eBook PDF) Starting Points : A Sociological

Journey 2nd Edition by Lorne Tepperman download

https://ebooksecure.com/product/ebook-pdf-starting-points-a-
sociological-journey-2nd-edition-by-lorne-tepperman/

Download full version ebook from https://ebooksecure.com

We believe these products will be a great fit for you. Click
the link to download now, or visit ebooksecure.com
to discover even more!

Points de depart (2nd Edition) by Mary Ellen Scullen

http://ebooksecure.com/product/points-de-depart-2nd-edition-by-
mary-ellen-scullen/

(eBook PDF) World Music CONCISE: A Global Journey 2nd

Edition

http://ebooksecure.com/product/ebook-pdf-world-music-concise-a-
global-journey-2nd-edition/

(eBook PDF) Exploring Inequality: A Sociological

Approach

http://ebooksecure.com/product/ebook-pdf-exploring-inequality-a-
sociological-approach/

(eBook PDF) Criminology: A Sociological Understanding

7th Edition

http://ebooksecure.com/product/ebook-pdf-criminology-a-
sociological-understanding-7th-edition/
(eBook PDF) Understanding Sociological Theory for
Educational Practices 2nd Edition

http://ebooksecure.com/product/ebook-pdf-understanding-
sociological-theory-for-educational-practices-2nd-edition/

(eBook PDF) International Cooking A Culinary Journey

3rd Edition

http://ebooksecure.com/product/ebook-pdf-international-cooking-a-
culinary-journey-3rd-edition/

(eBook PDF) Questioning Gender: A Sociological

Exploration 3rd Edition

http://ebooksecure.com/product/ebook-pdf-questioning-gender-a-
sociological-exploration-3rd-edition/

(eBook PDF) Crises in Canadian Work: A Critical

Sociological Perspective

http://ebooksecure.com/product/ebook-pdf-crises-in-canadian-work-
a-critical-sociological-perspective/

(eBook PDF) The Sociology Project 2.5: Introducing the

Sociological Imagination 2nd Edition

http://ebooksecure.com/product/ebook-pdf-the-sociology-
project-2-5-introducing-the-sociological-imagination-2nd-edition/
 SEC。 ND EDITI 。 N

。ci 。 l 。qica1 J 。 urne

Lorne Teppern、 a n
 Contents
…·.................................................................................................... .. ..

Waysofl。。king at ..• P。pulati。n, Urban Life, and the Environment 73

Functionalism 74

Conflict Theory 77

Symbolic lnteractionism 80

Feminism 81

Postmodernism 81
Classic Studies Mead。ws, Mead。ws, Randers, and Behrens:
The Limits t。 Gr。wth 82
Critical Themes and Ideas p。pulati。n Gr。wth and Fertility Decline 84
Classic Studies Ulrich Beck ’S Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity 86
Critical Themes and Ideas The Natural Environment 87
Critical Themes and Ideas Built Envir。nments and Urbanizati。n 90
c。ming int。 F。cus 95
丁he Political Economy of the Environment 95

Population and Fertility 96

丁he Links between Population and Crime 97

Summary 98
Questi。ns f。r Review and Critical lnterpretati。n 99
Rec。mmended Readings 99
Review Articles 99

Books 99
Navigating P。pulati。n, Urban Life, and the Envir。nment 100

s。 CIAL STRUCTURES
STARTING 。FF Where Are All the Single Ladies and Gentlemen? 104
lntroducti。n: Finding 。ur Place in the s。cial Structure 104
De 白ning Social Structure 104

Social Scripts and Roles 105

Classic Studies H。ward Becker ’ s Outsiders 106
Waysofl。。king at .•• S。cial Structures 108
Functionalism 108

Symbolic lnteractionism 109

Postmodernism 111
Critical Themes and Ideas R。les, Role Sets, and Identities 112
丁aking on and Exiting Roles 112

The Importance of Community Membership 114

Embracing the Role 114

Role Strain 115

Classic Studies Ge。rg Simmel's The Sociology ofSecrecy and of
Secret s。cieties 117
 Contents
.. .... …… ………………………………………………….........................................

Critical Themes and Ideas The Study 。fSmall Gr。ups 118

The Division ofSocial Roles in Teams, Bands, and Gangs 118
Social Networks 120
Cliques 122
Organizations and Bureaucracy 123
Social Control and Obedience 128
c。ming int。 F。cus 130
Summary 133
Questi。ns f。r Review and Critical lnterpretati。n 134
Rec。mmended Readings 134
Review Articles 134
Books 134
Navigating s。cial Structures 136

s。 CIALIZATI 。 N AND CULTURE

STARTING 。 FF China Lines up f。r Queuing Day 140
lntr。duction: ’
There s N。thing ''Natural ” ab。ut G。。d Manners 140
De白ning Socialization 141
De白ning Culture 141
The Socialization Process 141
Waysofl。。king at ... Socializati。n and Culture 143
Functionalism 143
Conflict Theory 144
Symbolic lnteractionism 146
Feminism 147
Postmodernism 148
Critical Themes and Ideas T。pies in the Study 。fS。cialization 150
Agents ofSocialization 150
Socialization over the Life Cycle 154
Classic Studies The。d。r Ad。rn。’s The Authoritarian Personality 156
Parenting Styles Today 157
Racial, Ethnic, and Class Socialization 160
Critical Themes and Ideas Culture 161
Processes of Cultural Change 163
Classic Studies Th。rstein Veblen ’ s Theory of the Leisure Class 164
Di厅usion and Acculturation 165
Classic Studies Gabriel Tarde ’ s The Laws ofImitation 167
Cultural Experience and Knowledge 168
c。ming int。 F。cus 169
 Contents
…·.................................................................................................... .. ..

Summary 171
Questi。ns f。r Review and Critical lnterpretati。n 171
Rec。mmended Readings 172
Review Articles 172
Books 172
Navigating S。cializati。n and Culture 173

DEVIANCE, CRIME, AND PUNISHMENT

STARTING 。Ff The Trial 。fa N。rwegian Murderer 176
lntr。ducti。n: Rules Are Made t。 Be Br。ken 176
The Selective Punishment of Deviance 177
Varieties of Deviant Behaviour 178
Classic Studies Edwin Schur ’s Crimes without Victims 180
丁he Social Construction of Crime：丁he Moral Panic 180
Waysofl。。king at .•. Deviance 182
Functionalism 182
Classic Studies J。hn Hagan and Bill McCarthy’ s Mean Streets 183
Symbolic lnteractionism 184
Conflict Theory 185
Feminism 186
Postmodernism 186
Critical Themes and Ideas Crime as a Special Case 。f Deviance 188
Violent Crime 188
Non -violent Crime 192
丁rends in Crime 193
Critical Themes and Ideas Victimizati。n 194
Critical Themes and Ideas c。ntr。lling and Punishing
Criminal Deviance 196
Approaches to Punishment 196
Aims of Punishment 198
Overrepresentation in Canada 's Prisons 200
c。ming int。 F。cus 201
Summary 203
Questi。ns f。r Review and Critical lnterpretati。n 204
Rec。mmended Readings 204
Review Articles 204
Books 205
Navigating Deviance, Crime, and Punishment 206
 Contents
.. .... …… ………………………………………………….........................................

GENDER RELATI 。 NS AND SEXUALITY

STARTING 。 FF Single Chinese w。men ''Unwanted'' after 27 210
Introduction: Have Men Bee。methe''Sec。ndSex”？ 210
The Difference between Sex Roles and Gender Roles 211
Sexism and Gender Inequality 212
Waysofl。。king at ••. Gender and Sexuality 213
Functionalism 213
Conflict Theory 214
Symbolic lnteractionsm 215
Feminism 216
Postmodernism 218
Critical Themes and Ideas Sex and Gender Influences in the w。rkplace 219
Classic Studies R。sabeth Kanter ’s Men and Women of the Corporation 221
Classic Studies Pat Armstr。ng and Hugh Armstr。ng ’s The Double Ghetto 222
Critical Themes and Ideas w。men ’s ''Sec。nd Shift” 223
Critical Themes and Ideas Sex and Sexuality 226
Classic Studies Edward Laumann's The Social Organization ofSexuality 227
Critical Themes and Ideas Pr。stituti。n and p。m。graphy 228
Critical Themes and Ideas H。m。sexuality and Heter。n。r『nativity 230
Normalizing Sexuality 230
Homophobia 233
c。ming int。 F。cus 236
” Doing ” Masculinity 236
Prostitution: Oppression or Empowerment? 237
Summary 239
Questi。ns f。r Review and Critical lnterpretati。n 240
Rec。mmended Readings 240
Review Articles 240
Books 240
Navigating Gender Relati。ns and Sexuality 242

RACIAL AND ETHNIC GR。 UPS

STARTING 。 FF When Is 。nline Dating Racist? 246
lntr。duction: We’ re All Immigrants 246
Race, Ethnicity, and Racialization 247
Waysofl。。king at ••• Racialized Gr。ups 248
Functionalism 248
Conflict Theory 249
Symbolic lnteractionism 251
 Contents
…·.................................................................................................... .. ..

Feminism 251
Postmodernism 252
Classic Studies Em。ry B。gardus’s Social Distance 254
Other Measures ofSocial Distance 254
Classic Studies Everett C. Hughes’ s French Canada in Transition 256
Critical Themes and Ideas c。l。nialism 256
Critical Themes and Ideas Canada ’ s lmmigrati。n Policythr。ugh Hist。ry 258
Classic Studies Th。mas and Znaniecki's The Polish Peasant in Europe and
America 260
Critical Themes and Ideas Ethnic c。mmunities and Inter-Ethnic
lnteracti。n 261

Classic Studies Karl Gunnar Myrdal's An American Dilemma: The Negro

Problem and Modern Democracy 265
Critical Themes and Ideas Racism, Prejudice, and Discriminati。n 266
c。ming int。 F。cus 271
Racialization and Canada ’s Aboriginal Peoples 271
Ethno -Racial Minorities: To Assimilate or Segregate? 275
Testing for Racist Beliefs 276
Summary 277
Questi。ns f。r Review and Critical lnterpretati。n 278
Rec。mmended Readings 278
Review Articles 278
Books 279
Navigating Racial and Ethnic Gr。ups 280

cιASSES AND W。 RKPLACES

STARTING 。FF Federal Empl。yees Take Twice as Many Sick Days 284
lntr。duction: H。w w。此， Class, and Inequality Are Related 284
Critical Themes and Ideas Tw。 MainAppr。aches t。 Class c。nflict 287
Marx and Class Conflict 287
Weber and Class Conflict 289
Waysofl。。king at ••• Classes and Workplaces 292
Functionalism 292
Conflict Theory 294
Classic Studies Harry Braverman ’ s Labor and Monopo川y Capital 294
Symbolic lnteractionism 294
Feminism 296
Postmodernism 297
Critical Themes and Ideas Class s。cializati。n 298
Critical Themes and Ideas The 。rganizati。n 。fW。rk in Canada T。day 299
Classic Studies Emile Durkheim ’ s The Division ofLabor in Society 301
 Contents
.. .... …… ………………………………………………….........................................

Critical Themes and Ideas T。pies in the Study 。flab。urand p。verty 302
Alienation and Collective Action 302
丁he Working Poor and the Culture of Poverty 303
Inequality 304
c。，ning int。 F。cus 308
Summary 312
Questi。ns f。r Review and Critical lnterpretati。n 313
Rec。mmended Readings 313
Review Articles 313
Books 313
Navigating Classes and w。rkplaces 314

REGI 。 NS, NATI 。 NS, AND EMPIRES

STARTING 。 FFUN Rep。rt Accuses Canada 。f''C。mplicity'' in T。rture 318
Introduction: Finding c。mm。n Ground in a Fragmented w。rid 318
Territorial Alliances and Conflict 319
Empire-Building and Globalization 321
Waysofl。。king at ••. Regi。ns, Nati。ns, and Empires 322
Functionalism 322
Conflict Theory 324
Feminism 326
Postmodernism 326
Classic Studies Immanuel Wallerstein ’s The Modern World-System 327
The Legacy of Wallerstein's World-Systems Theory 329
Dependency Theory 332
Classic Studies Marx and Engels' The Manifest。。fthe c。mmunist Party 333
Critical Themes and Ideas Global c。nflict 335
Types of Violence and War 335
Critical Themes and Ideas Globalizati。n and Culture 341
Social Distance and Technology 343
c。ming int。 Focus 344
The Consequences of Globalization 344
Policy Diffusion: Four Approaches 347
Standardization 348
Social Mobility 349
Summary 350
Questi。ns f。r Review and Critical lnterpretati。n 351
Rec。mmended Readings 351
Review Articles 351
Books 352
Navigating Regi。ns, Nati。ns, and Empires 352
 Contents
…·.................................................................................................... .. .

FAMILIES AND AGE GR。 UPS

STARTING 。FF Eur。pe’s L。st Generati。n 356
lntr。ducti。n: H。w the Canadian Family Is Changing 356
丁ypes ofFamilies 357
Ways 。fl。。king at ... Families and Age Groups 359
Functionalism 359
Conflict Theory 360
Symbolic lnteractionsim 362
Feminism 363
Postmodernism 364
Classic Studies William G。ode's w。rid Rev。luti，。n and Family Patterns 366
丁he Legacy of Goode ’s Study and Changes in the Canadian Family 366
Critical Themes and Ideas Intimate Partner Violence 368
Causes ofFamily Violence 370
Critical Themes and Ideas Family Dynamics 373
Dealing with Problems and Change 373
Managing the Work-Life (lm)Balance 374
Classic Studies Philippe Aries ’s Centuries of Childhood 375
Critical Themes and Ideas Changing Age Relati。ns 377
Classic Studies Glen Eider's Childre，，。fthe Great Depressi。n 382
c。ming int。 F。cus 386
Prospects for Children in Single-Parent Families 386
Links between Family and Health 387
Summary 388
Questi。ns f。r Review and Critical lnterpretati。n 389
Rec。mmended Readings 389
Review Articles 389
Books 390
Navigating Families and Age Gr。ups 390

SCH 。。 LS AND F。 RMAL EDUCATI 。 N

STARTING 。FF Fundraising in Sch。。Is Creates a ''Tw。－Tiered ” System 394
lntr。duction: Are We Underfunding Educati。n? 395
What Is Education? 395
Ways of lo。king at ..• Sch。。Is and Educati。n 396
Functionalism 396
Conflict Theory 396
Symbolic lnteractionism 397
Feminism 397
Postmodernism 397
 Contents
.. .... …… ………………………………………………….........................................

Classic Studies Christ。pher Jencks and David Riesman ’ s

The Academic Revolution 400
The ”'Academic Revolution 勺n Canada 400

Jencks and Riesman: Critical Reception 402

Critical Themes and Ideas Educati。nal Trends and Inequalities 402
The Rise of Education 402
Graduation Rates Today 403
Education and Inequality 405
Classic Studies James c。le man ’ s The Adolescent Society 407
Has Coleman ’s ”'Adolescent Society ” Survived? 407
Critical Themes and Ideas Separating Students 409
Ability Grouping or Streaming 409
Segregation or Distance in Schools 410
Classic Studies J。hnSeeley’s Crestwood Heights 411
Crestwood Heights: Critical Reception and Relevance Today 414
Critical Themes and Ideas Is。lati。n, lntegrati。n,and Netw。rks in Sch。。Is 415
Bullying 415
Social Integration in School Settings 416
School Networks: Coleman ’s Social Capital Theory 417
c。ming int。 F。cus 419
Education and Reform in the Post-industrial World 419
The Achievement Gap 422
Summary 423
Questi。ns f。r Review and Critical lnterpretati。n 424
Rec。mmended Readings 424
Review Articles 424
Books 424
Navigating Sch。。ls and F。rmal Educati。n 426

CHURCHES AND RELIGI 。 N

STARTING 。 FF The Tim Teb。w Experience 430
Introduction: H。w Religion Changes, and Why This Interests s。ciologists 430
How a Sociologist Approaches the Study of Religion 431
What Is Religion? 432
Classic Studies Emile Durkheim ’ s The Elementary Forms ofReligious Life 433
Waysofl。。king at ... Churches and Religion 435
Functionalism 435
Conflict Theory 435
Symbolic lnteractionism 436
 Contents
…·.................................................................................................... .. ..

Feminism 437
Postmodernism 438
Critical Themes and Ideas Religion in Canada T。day 440
Classic Studies Sigmund Freud ’ s Civilization and Its Discontents 442
Critical Themes and Ideas Secularizati。n 444
Religion versus Science and the Origins of Secularization 445
Mechanisms of Secularization 448
Critical Themes and Ideas Religion in Political Life 449
Civil Religion 449
American Fundamentalism 451
Religion in Canadian Politics 452
New Religious Movements 453
c。ming int。 Focus 455
Religion and Science: Equals or Adversaries? 455
The Rise of Fundamentalism 456
丁he Spread of Religiosity through Immigration 458
Summary 458
Questi。ns f。r Review and Critical lnterpretati。n 459
Rec。mmended Readings 459
Review Articles 459
Books 460
Navigating Churches and Religi。n 460

MEDIA AND MASS C。 MMUNICATI 。 N

STARTING 。FF The Sexualizati。n 。f Little Girls in the Media 464
lntr。ducti。n: H。w the Media Make Us c。nsumers 464
丁he Sociology of Media 465
Ways 。fl。。king at ..• Media and Mass c。mmunication 466
Functionalism 467
Conflict Theory 468
Classic Studies Herbert Gans ’ s Deciding What ’s News 469
Symbolic lnteractionism 470
Feminism 471
Postmodernism 474
Critical Themes and Ideas The Business 。f Mass Media 475
Commodi币cation 475
Media Ownership and Media Concentration 476
Media Concentration and the News 479
Media Concentration and Globalization 479
 Contents
.. .... …… ………………………………………………….........................................

Critical Themes and Ideas Media, C。nflict, and Crime 481

Beudrillard on War and Reality TV 484
Critical Themes and Ideas The Internet and Its E仔ects 。n s。cial Life 484
丁he New Knowledge Producers 484

Changing Social Relations 486

Romance Online 487
c。ming int。 F。cus 488
New Insights on the Printed Word 490
丁elevision Today 491
The Problem of Gaming 492
Summary 493
Questi。ns f。r Review and Critical lnterpretati。n 494
Rec。mmended Readings 495
Review Articles 495
Books 495
Navigating Media and Mass c。mmunicati。n 496

p。 LITICSAND S。CIAL M。VEMENTS

STARTING 。 FF Batman M。vie Parallels the 。ccupy Wall Street M。vement 500
lntr。duction: H。w a M。vie Can Bee。me Political 500
The Nation-State and the Alternatives 501
Ways 。fl。。king at ... Politics and s。cial M。vements 503
Functionalism 504
Conflict Theory 505
Symbolic lnteractionism 506
Classic Studies J。sephGus币eld ’s Symbolic Crusade 507
Feminism 508
Postmodernism 509
Critical Themes and Ideas Political s。ci。logy versus Political Science 510
Classic Studies S.M. Lipset’ s The First New Nation 510
Critical Themes and Ideas Political Auth。rity and the State 511
Models ofAuthority 511
The Role of the State 512
Di仔erent Forms ofPolitical Power 513
The Liberal-Democratic State in Canada 516
Critical Themes and Ideas ldeol。gyand 。pp。siti。n 519
丁he Role ofIdeology in Politics 519
Types of Social Movements 520
 Contents
…·.................................................................................................... .. ..

Political Violence 523

Peaceful Protest 523
c。ming int。 F。cus 525
Summary 530
Questi。ns f。r Review and Critical lnterpretati。n 531
Rec。mmended Readings 531
Review Articles 531
Books 531
Navigating P。litics and s。cial M。vements 532

GI。ssary 534
References 539
Index 557
 .

Oxford University Press is delighted to introduce Lorne Tepperman ’ s Starting Points: A Sociological Journey.
Now in its second edition, this comprehensive survey is designed to guide Canadian college and university
students over the varied and ever-changing 币 eld of sociology. Through the lens of classic theoretical per-
spectives-functionalism, symbolic interactionism, feminism, postmodernism, and conflict theory-Lorne
Tepperman examines foundational research as well as new avenues of sociological inquiry, providing his own
analysis and commentary supported by over 35 years of teaching and 币eldwork. Topical case studies, Canadian
data, and abundant visual examples help students gain a foothold on the material while making Starting Points
as relevant and vibrant as the discipline itself.

Key Features
·.··.
@ S与．气！干g.P。＇.＂t~： A s.o~；。l干gi叩J。urney
….. • . . . . . .. .. . . . . . .
. . ··... ·．．．．伞 二

…·. • .. . . . . . ..
一...

··．．．． 一
一．·． ·..·.
··...

STARTING 。FF
户h叫 Onli叩叫 R叫？

!
STARTING OFF boxes begin each
chapter with a news item that
highlights central concerns of the
chapter topic.

哩， THE BIG OUESTI。”

lntr。duction: We ’re Al川 ·

 From the Publisher
…·. …... ·.... ··... ··.... ·.... …·. ··... ··... ..... …... ··... ..... ··.... …·. ..... ··... ….. ··. . . ...

一 －．．．．．．’
-...--
二 －－．．．．
一 －．．．．．－？
－……－一
二 ’今
14 I Media and Mass c。mmunlcati町、
..··
..·
@
一 ．．．．．
一 －．．．．．．
二 ．．……·－－
.…

Critical Themes and Ideas

Media, Conflict, and Crime

CRITICAL THEMES AND IDEAS sections

delve into the chapter topic with insightful
analysis of relevant research.

• Not best rneth。d呐。gy

• Best n、eth。dol。gy
。a

0,3

0.2
一 -
星 。3

星
奇 -o.l

-0 2 ‘-
』.3
Pt,ysio＼坷，c创

-()4 ，比99陪.....
Aggressive ”elpi"9
Mh•·叽our
..。，usol

Aggressive a何eet
co伊iti回
.. - - ... ..
FtGURE1• . 3 \ ‘ t,eh•v，。ur

outc。mes c。πelated with- Vi。lent

一
一 － ．．． ． ．．．－ 二
- -- ......-
- ... . ...
Video
－ ．．．． ． ．
Games
二
.
－ － ． ． －
.阜 ． ．
今
．
臼阜 ．
千 －．．．

... 二
－ － ． ． ． ．．． ． ． － 一
－．．．．．．

@ 平arti号g Poi~t毛A S。ci。lo?icaJ J。υrney

··. ….. · . ·.·. …... ·...
…. ….. ··.. ··...... ·..+...

;:;:~:p::~ ＇~~：：：址：：：：：！·；：·；；：；工刀口号：o4n;_•har gor them labelled and exclu

’如~~t~呵：.：：＝＝

！~~！~~j 括：
WAYS OFι。。KING AT ••.
sections examine key topics
from classical theoretical
approaches-functionalism,
symbolic interactionism, feminism,
postmodernism, and conflict
theory-giving students a well-
rounded understanding of each issue.
阳…··

-.:..ii且!lH!l1il
FIGυRE4.1 f labelling The。rv

~~~：；在；~捂住在最后t~！ 拾 搭在；
…·..…-- - ? . . . . . . ... 一二

：：：~~｛；；e：：~；：~；：i：句：；工；~：：：；~i~：：：~~：＂：ot：：：~：；：~：：i：~~：：；可i~i由
 From the Publisher
. .. .... …. ……··.... ...................................................................................

..... ..... .....

..... ..··-
一··
• . . . . .. .
8 I Rael们nd 飞”、…号rou_i::s
@
.... ..... ·-…··
．．、．．．．

。 NE W。 RLD, MANY SOCIETIES boxes explore

social issues in an international context, inviting
students to consider how insights from other parts
of the world can illuminate our own lives.

一 年 －…· ·
…·－－ 二

~ ~~~iii~二♂；：：~~：~
ti。n 。ny。u『甘avel itinerar￥ …·. ·..·. ·... • . .. . . .
……. ....... ·,··. .. . …·.
@

。。

D问
·.·. ·.· . a·PL a and bM
n c Gr unv

』H
s

。
-

.... v
-
-

... Edw
. ward Said

...

PEOPLE ARE TALKING AB。UT • • •

boxes introduce students to individuals
who have shaped-and continue to
shape-the world of sociology.

; ..
...
出：2：川J川
．．．．．．．．．伞

• ...... ........ ......

t

.. ...............
c。MING INT。 F。CUS sections
summarize contemporary studies,
describe where the research is Racializat；。n andc-
Nodiscu臼ioo of \..anada ’S Ab。ri ·
headed, and explain how new
币 ndings shed light on themes ;~~~~f.~~~:~tit ~~~~:~:""'• ::~:;:;::,;
discussed in each chapter.
i~::::i:~~~:::~f~：~骂；f：卢止；：§E?l:::r§~

j；♂：； 111罪j；扭需ii~
。f the sal tages oftaking a fus;' as; iodeed, tbe t m aoy ooe of
. e gr, up. First ie叫C臼 a

1gioa/ Peop

巳w geoeraliz. , ’n ”_ ' generalize 圳、肉，．

明、·vu, oooetbeless. F，』r 叫，vu
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .
. . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .
. . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .From the Publisher
·.

＇＂＂叩…叫 ＠
@ s,.......”'o o,ts:" Sooo旬，κ＂＇Jou,,田 ’ I

The Legacy 。fP。rte r ' s The Vert /cal Mos a ic 'l\>cl,y. 阳n,r·, book m目、，.，’、革雹 loodm，『咱比 Inc，刷d崎『、嗣H阳g予耐 εhol阳均s”霉 pl刷咱
帽．．酣回＂＂＂匾圄－，幢帽 M ”由呻噜嗣矗 a咀网同．缸”恤 ....’峙嗣．旷晦咂’h抱-
，页，＇＂＇＂＂＇ ＂＇＂＇圃’筒，世..，. ...，』幅画Qlie 田 d可 Aft雷帽阳刷刷刷，. 196$，饱 btt忽. .
臼阳‘
‘
....,... typo阳.tar o.nd ..., oif ，啊啊阳”。4 叫：曲gk,1 幅幅睛。。阳南啊，回削町．咱
『”‘．．自”剑肘‘必‘e“hε＝盹－·，鼠“汩”“1世nerd • h"£' a阳刷刷d庐现·otcood，叮例如
翩翩，. aod 圄·申回… C.-.Agr.,< 圄”咀阳缸啤soodp,i帽事 focu,,d 帽啕啊，．
倒翩翩 c,-A<a ’”•. -..’”d甸凰”帽”’·”“ι‘............单ol«‘ttc:.ood崎圄－
..
曲” mcmt..，由;p lo Cait•d•. ind•d•ng W,lbc. 白捎回剧 7』 c:. ，.帽 0,,,.-£1’“翩
翩叫1'*'1 Et-.嗣－－ (19句，，，M .,.,. ... 0缸”拿 r.,.s旨.，， .u,...,,..o•臼） M•呵。．
由帽e ..... －.阳，时命，a d霞.....唱’ p恤刷g i,回四”d 庐”曹．．“""'Y…d ...晤’h~
ba.-. w曲曲lyb<ne血时 from Poncr'«all for 叫旧atiooal ，.阳田”a
’－·翩翩－』醉”。“ .. r..,.
6odiop ol,.., ＂回＂＂＂ ...“..,,.. dat地Sln(:f' CLASSIC STUDIES sections
陀view landmark studies that h~vP
Porn,,’g d•<a come from th• 19坷’ MOf< e时.......,.,.. ......曲”由缸，，－c』””’·．，
阳....... .，.喧甸锢， E』＂＂＂＂＂ oftbo.e 咧由lo 曲，ir 崎d;l grnu队 In oth<< word, ，』 p<ol>l<m 由电酣响曲曲届世··咀响曲时 aodoc<吨凰”叫咄咄时－· ,boo睛”＂＂＂ m‘崎‘
＂＂＂＇，曲，＿＿，，...’鸣”’··“ ......也 ’ r,es c。OhQO.: 回副怕“自曲...唱段（－ II圄n£崎岖，刷事向世命酣吼峙’“翩翩幢

sha附 0川nderst叫ng 。fm；阳

幢幢叮 M 曲，d bnguail" aod e皿，.，.，， Raciol K"'"P'• 呐kb 酣......自翩’均 nh睛

豆豆豆豆豆豆LZ翠Z写
’回....曲”－－－咽.......... ＿向四，.. ........幢b a，咱陆. &c,al 阳，
阳，.，. and hal,rype ，由捕。 m,ny hm, po,01叫刷t 由at hum拙’J)Pn＂哑回 d,n.c ... ， ε…

r …iolog阳I questions O川opics

M回－.－－唱－－ dm叫国维时，也划”.. ，...，.，.’lldalml>'盼斟
The Debate over Assisted Suicide i n C•nada M•叶剑h•凹’oc,olopmpr『国.......句降町回M田』唱....rd 南回·耐...., ... -
区』庐”且z w』，．．．‘＜R .,d")' M 幽 prr.We咂e ofa 酬all, rullog dlr• of capbli阳，－键霄，
．” Oc-2013. …＆曲曲C曲－ c圃’‘＂＇＂冉圄遇””幢国”.............由蝠’－－剧时 由 ni..踪。，，，田”．，部鸡”‘ 0曲”...............’“睛”。.. ..－』趾,d . . .biog
S愉Clde The ,ullng ceme just o.e’ . ＂＇＂＂＇汪阶 SC Su阳...随 c....t.Jus苦’曲也”... s附酬阮蝠
，．童回．国咽－·－。”民 G町、•T~”。，. tne ，咱咀恤，睛－·四然回到翩。由此 . .
t。”yaboouocl,l m酬，mcntso,op创刊onnt« 』阳明n 曲.巨饨，国抽 aodfrto南 cban.,g，耐阳
帽毫旨 Clo回h…幽ι －冒』 ad“‘h崎阳”y，.＿，民』，＆组＂＇＇＂＂唱时 gr国pr,
angrng from criminal behaviour anrf
suicide to childhood a附he ne~~~ -
yoa,.of"9<, Ta”。..革枫.....啊’命帽、缸”。触。”.......副.....－，品SI. 晶。崎鸭”＂＇ as Lou 嗣.........,, .，；.刷刷＜ h<dde咐。，曲 d嗣－
c.,v句...蝇缸’.. mot。irnew咽dis••崎，，，.，帽dueespl明lcal•t刷句。恻曾国鸭”.，陶阳目’岭，电
栩．．．剧院，，也”咀嚼卸回＂°＇挡回呻 <o• 每回-.g ........阳·伊....皿阳•＂＇制抽帽，”鸭－

旦旦：旦主－一一一」
崎turallY befo,e the.阳制H阳，也me由旧，u胁9' 雹.....崎a阻且丽的。，－咽，，属Silted 氯掏冀，．
·刷刷陆地，...抛售，咽。”..，..，耐恼句··醉。，悟”’e句地回 die how 街喇喇. .、时赠yehoo曾
’””’国12 曲帽....”翻”......画t,ceS,,蝇，、内，醋’毗四”’ 9阴阳回局自句a啕雹.....ted
.......叫“缺凰 ”、e ’”的ts cl the dlsabl时， Shea咱崎dtn盹 bee斟躏纵身－ iSnot•吨…m
~“»b酷。ft . .篇回.....“妇趾．融－雹.. ＿”‘晶a由蝠’民据自缸回也拿－
As 啊’...... d,u. ，，四bob<,..庸酣酬四…”’F蝠’＇＂°蝇。＊咂曲tin<幢幢.. _ ..
un＜制咄ltutl刷副。帽pMtlle8CC.。“‘of A酣嗣··－，钮，＿ ...........回饵缸，.＿.，.笛
........αloft.c。mmw,ltat协n. tod ti,, oe如ti>"on of 由.，c4 刷刷ngs ，剧唱 P<鸣曲...~..
”可蝠’仿唱幢幢d-1幢幢.......’”－·可． 崎th 悔glslal«s 恼。世阳帽阳町a由...
Po『民....翩翩·四＿ ........筐，嗣－句IJIO-dw ＂＂曲Jsocwpn><白帽’ ·阳··幅植吨，
W咱向斟肌肉。四”四Id .－ 建蝇’”’骂。岭’”’回＂＇＂＂时’口，四U剧。且－也...........
观＜ he lndlVl曲，1 ,ndsm,ll gr咽plev哩t As W誓，、，II ”e rhrougl陆，<th幅 boot.. 勾....法.，...骨、 ........句。，....
ofU鸭”、 wouy ”、“叫刷lngphyρd”·四叭回曲创e m甲、t thteltM 帆局阳础，．，垠幽·
＂＇＂＂缸”挡” .....圃’由•idrasol侧目alα帽阳""1lo<laodp<r阳剧’l••r－睛”‘bu pro- ’崎酷－－－＂＇
‘ - ..‘’、...... ＿，，.，咽，町曲睛，咱...蝇.....、。＿...，，睛”、a,oc.，.啕 C制必呵
po,• 阳”..崎帽制’悉’ OCUQ.mtf甜耐町．棚””’ F晴..－. . .’由•c.d ,..h,y. In hu ”’＂＂＂嗣缸’－刨明隧
。咽’...........画”。 ••ff•，怕也 then 崎钱，由略 rte-u咖咱－.. ..⑤醺R嗨睛， Ca,丽”·‘ h如.
曲目阔佬岛，嗣 b、如g GoC!man(l9l2-19.且M时刷刷b<wlde剑，..... ...,....曲，崎n,ry 幅M’”。“’ong­
had ‘恤’写阳国”他•med‘.. .,..鼠”帷畸刽.....υ岭 1970仇恨’‘ ha”·－南 had tho ，增四 M . . .、，．喝，也
曲幅响”＿ ......... - ...睛””由句，、 ......‘归曲，咱’....，蝇，..，tyotC-喝 陆’事酣甸回闹剧，向d ""how-... pe『·－曲回时回甲翩翩’
LI 』创be<symb。』c loterac,i<>ni剧’he C川在dl, o-b<lrn Go晴恤.. ...鑫.，.....现咱恤 RUC!y­ －··”现，回‘协m
bellO鸭 U闹剧创sted 弘血...曲。uldb< 怆酬’阳orraw. 军。U).

..... c，幢．．．”－刻 A且“－施 offc但II' 饵’倡“国国份制础，．由 la 阳回－· . . F『由.，－回国翩翩..，.......， w•b<p'.im庐”“阳叫’剑四”’但，... n..-...‘ ....
晴。“··耐田，崎抽...
w、which a e。cl<)’“阴阳st.... OlethallnJect勘呻 a耐”’但.oyas自...， .....束，e ＇＂＂＇°帽....阳同 in.,ghu. 刷nmun 阳ed tn • ugn,f«.nr 以叶剑晒＂＂＇吨』暗•aod anon.ad• m.,., ..............编幢幢d
时鸭’...宵”w ＿.，..，嗣，世d,,,gthot ”、e 阳恤川崎.....甸、＂＂＇内陆 Theo咽 b畸酬由 M庐鸣曲曲曲“剧”dme由咱啕盯 d怕啊挝蝇ioLo盯·”情队附 will 岛幅幅幅e，幅画’ ”睛’现，咀”如－咽’咀
‘阳‘翻尊局I OCdSS ‘··”区e幅睛，，凰”w car• ”嗣.... ”’·曲，咱‘－ . .，.，.－事 “ h .....町boob.S，句’.. 0,-3孔，由晴 Gott.”“－’”’....如o~ 四·－口.4- ·制‘民..................
coOsldO<.句d凶咱皑白”d su1c,... 。”，.附.，guot~侃....吨. - .... "' ＂＇＂＂＂＇灿..，.，回· judge<I. 崎odtm•td. o,-;,.,d ，。r In Other w,y, 响ew•d 时r,iow←树脂伊呻....回国 ...........嘀....睛，、.，
阻碍蝇···－·国副舷罩pro阳’回回..... .....幢幢候.........属此抽血 曲，缸”时.. ..－.幽幽 d 由... . . - ....世ti.. 倒四阳d hordus,o箩natl»­ ，艇，＿＿ ....咽－－

A拽如饥崎h Ca晴... m可捕。””’由，帕西¢硝ly 画幅....氯翩。由．国白幽幽•＜锐、“俑，• to b阳，flectJpe叩怡’， s0<1>l •n’”四..,.... nd ....蕾”时ι ,. .。鸭...咽’......崎d

·．，恤’也
o西M岖的... . - . ..... ＂＇－κ•P，。blomSra;...,bythep<oεoc1 .... 回.. ..，翩翩阳”由l 盹翩翩翩翩y ..d ,·ari<d F'°"' pl明cal ou,eo,,J 世f«t1,ona­
noc叮时时电！.....甸园晒M』呵，...句gdwdo，曲咱国＇－ •pe’” In幽幽－..幅d. ’“＇......UV魄，
⑥ T间EBIGQUESTI刷 .. <hltretpr<飞·也，.，，..ii..• l趾m. s阳c1rically. Goftmon ld,'m而d 山咽。”伊iHot•电圃’ ，、叫阳仙·时，...，，。崎O
K睛’响翩翩，il!ldl!r. fh
boolJi, 崎圄萃”’回曲唱田 d声晴圆也阳＿.，＿世.........植自由四ioaahtts
1- C割肉’陆、“回acofnr .....，画萨嗡萃””唱’但南页，．．蝴阳n °＇＂＂＇翩翩·－跑回 ....啕崎~tn.,cted ..._,
<Ude• 。r h<ll•I, pc,，凹的专d as ch>n<l<r fl•酬， ..,.Jrnh,’虞嘻圃，..－. .o. pe由帽、咄‘国”e
...dde? ‘ ...’‘...........捕，可帽僧”··
.....翩翩··町 po，由“··翩，a p皿 olthrmal国ttt.a.ra.
i,n,e－.”c.,.曲””’饵”‘－. .必－..－，因... - ua type ol ccn- .......四”’事e幢幢幢
Gou阳.
..._d,lm F鸣曲回曲 e时........ - ...帽乍崎 ffl.r1C1 uaw,.酣d ··”、etot,e..so也.ieledWlth
n,口， Wh•tSO<唰崎睛，怕嗣 the帽恤‘’””时 oleo,响恤，帕回回刷’跑，制刷
．、，抽＂°伽..., M翩翩。＜ be 喇Jc时叫 s。， ;n <bl'lr to<bl lnl的ctioOfl，酣崎.，..p1e.,., ...........
－衍回 ·也醺聋，．．．”...”’
嗣~ ....帽』”酣－－－－－.，，...－ .......蛐回曲，由却咀曹陆l)'undm-4 ’崎帽，』....

缆，通”’陆 •hes•’vcn '''""ion，呐，e<he’ In g曲。吼。n ,d...... woR. 时曲”』何 8嘟”也

p。INT/C。UNTERP。INT boxe 一 －
the opportu州 toap内 key::;r：；乙：注：：
debates on hot-button issL i
吟 inj叫ion site
using Facebo。kat W。rk. ' -… M

New t。 This Editi。 n

Deviance,
Crime, and
Punishment
LEARNING OBJECTIVES

τh‘。恼........ h创pyouto:

·幡iewilM'啕盹...回 etmeasnatun，“，.，..，，帽......写ae<t5
.，...，饵”””
·甸事’由国”、．，翻陋’－－醉嚼，回－＂＂＂－·
V忧也自由翼民回.... o睛””

• n咽If.VIit'闹剧、．阳”曾a酌”刷刷阔，．恤.. ＿白缸”’
回醉”..崎咱曲嗡耐”翻币。晴、．

• d由回国恤岱键睛呵蝠’曾“‘坷，．‘ otd勘乱” a回
拙，明剑”’\av\o.,r

• 四咱自璐＿..，.＿..，，’”也。，队，，..，；，何喧响and the
dllfefo耐 tormspu,菌’，，，＿，...，..，“·．

STAND-AL。NE CHAPTERS 。N
DEVIANCE AND SOCIAL RESEARCH
METHODS add breadth of covρ
Luverage to this
already comprehensive text.
 From the Publisher
.. .. .... …. ……··.... ...................................................................................

~a:~i,~ife5。cialization
SOCIAL ZATION ’
Th：：句：：：：：！：：巳：：：巳：：；，ζ：；阳
TYPES 。FS。CIAL’ZATI。”

s-”‘·-
..;..
Soc1崎....
Suvc1~ .,
VISUAL “ NAVIGATING" SUMMARIES at the I O时时叫句 』
=,,or.ρ价•on, nro,
typkally In tho h。mi,,
~＇.＇.＇·.·响.，刷阳时， ，
d，峙r酬，，Ue>n
,
...。＜l•ted ”...，。”..，.馆·•ti(Jn
份由。......
.
旦旦出
J 叫“啊…－
.•''"""-•· boll旷鑫；.. I1
w，也h Wobo,1
州问9时叫... I
end of each chapter help students review b骂：吕立价 1 "' ......’”odr,om
ρ制•＇•刷刷灿·
、』 阳刚句v

•-
『』二

the themes and 币 gures central to each major ,

--’‘’.... .
A ’‘,,,.…-
~··也例如’
topic. Students can scan the QR code to I 'll晴 、－－
...。co霉事。4 ' 2旦旦旦＂..
时间；；－；；；咽
。啕咽；；，
C阳”画出 间。”...峙’问SJ吨
。ccu,swho”
。•ccu,.onan
, .,...~仲 1 S.dalir••Joo •now ＂掬..ρ＇•＜trco, 1向dlvldua，。，9,0up
、－ 仇，凶，．，。le, 。，••M硝份’...
一与

go directly to the M。bile Study R。。m －…鸟’”h『

I I
E un刷，倒咱
.....，.咽“ ..，、...。~.Olc,and
1t,.,....
f曲Olwh。内 tw，。

1 川崎 i'
Cullu,o, Como int。
"49霉。，。，‘...... ...柳iou，事
」4刷刷＂ ·句”宫’..
e。·~·

via a tablet or smartphone. .,..w.,••, I

山
“晤岛附川叫臼 叫W阳h阳 归咄咄 m吨
m m川崎抽 回川ι
N h叩崎阳h

协 m呐咄 川叫刷刷响脚MMMh
I

刷 叫叫叫叫叩
A

’
..肉.....向阳.

mH归阳帕
何M

K 川叫
咱

“同 响 mh

Mm仙硝如
i Lmm
I

V H 崎炯崎

UH 阶灿川”
帽制，何

E
Am” ιWMm

刷问 H 啤’响刷刷句吨 m MMh 川叩
、”』
~

hu ＠ AH
归 响h

H MJH

叫Uhmhm 叫制崎bh喻。句
Nth
咱仙
回国呵~

eg
MWMMyd

哺叫阳 M 阳hh 四川丁川咽旧阳盹崎

」mussr

叫h
”。”Wldoly acctptod viow Of

树
d
$。cJ•ll>a”。n In s。Cl。logy

m叫刷叫叫叫阳阳叫叫 叫叫灿叫叫时帆
m

唱
u

”
响ρm剖抽K J
M
咱

川吁，H叫
E 扣 ιw 阳 hhhmhMK

问AW
A晤。clatodwilh

p山叫

」叩H

d由何刷刷啕阳刷峭榈帕叫＆时
c，咽”..... Co。IOY•ndGo。，go””....

叫树

户’uh 鸣 9

e柑 WMW鸣响回响

embhuwhbMM

mh 附响 WMdw
t

叫M剧州hF
kndm MR刷刷

…
skρ

…h
bm i
二

时KVM 刷刷崎 h 阳向耐晴阳“”

--

川叫
~

t阳圳
创

～川叫叫陆问问川叫叫
－
s，，萨，••••••.

、“

巾时时 崎 闲

阳M灿几可

hwakeM
川叫树时时阳山叫向问由
旦旦旦旦出L

－HU M」响曲咽盹时崎州．
宠
曲曲

崎他｝
岛 w h M 叫 hι

叩M 山
G
M

时 仙 阳刷
m 阳 川ι

制 止川

川咱炯炯峙
’

Ma e
时 刷刷 旧 制叫出

h帆叫山阳
。

MmA 叫h 均
td

h 刷 刷

叩内
叩同阳
叩

－－
叫咱 mM睛

山山

h
’内－
G

M
mH 响

Mhh 斗
dih

ahw
叫阳h

B
m 伪

Nh
盹也

VM

g
向

F
Exciting New Res 。 urces
f。 r Students and Instruct。 rs
The M。bile Study R。。m -where students can access study support tools via tablet,
smartphone, or PC-includes activities, quizzes, mastery exercises, and multimedia to
enhance the material found in each chapter ’s visual summary. Here, students can choose
from a range of activities to help support their understanding of the topics they 币 nd most
interesting or challenging, and create their own visual study summary that consolidates
the work they ’ ve completed, to make studying for exams easier.

Streaming vide。s and p。werPoint slides help instructors enhance the classroom experience
for their students. The textbook is also supported by a test generator, on line video guide, and
online instructor ’ s manual, combining to create an unbeatable suite of resources for instructors.

QXFORD Mobile study room 同协！£ 、毛I.IAl 516事回 ·

Get started ,f n the study room In five minutes 。r less

l阳帽的耐幽a南帽”·幅崎＿..， P90唱·融则，，，．．，国·睛”’·”“崎ucc醒咽U.lt..，..，.嚼呵’帽
｜ 川＼TUIJYING;, I
”’副院回圃，幅幅~~型，喻 ’棚””’咱民－ cc圃’埠’回幢幢埠，＿ ，，.， ............剧由·”··自由．，．
回呻.，，，『幅a’“曲”『F幅幅............圃’幡嗣圃’刷缸。酬，：.. .... ,.,.,,.. ...翩翩翩由··瞄酬，...- - ·
帕西嗣 ti• 'jO邸”””踵，回阳岛

·1.”·悦。6唱 Soc均旬’忧剑 .... ，．阳响’回吨’时刷刷帽，、 u命”

•..,..…- &.Ha句四” Sodo怡” •... ......
剧，
··．，咱，．国

..............
一一 u’·．·耐‘M ＇＂刷＂＂＇＂咱例
协崎Ollto<lli胃‘ 一 ’......11 一一 也属圈唱”但回回
咱国蜡... ~国事圃，
一一
Over two editions, the writing of this textbook has been slow and eventful: truly, a journey of
self-discovery. It was David Stover, a long-time publishing friend, who first asked me to think
about writing an introductory textbook for sociology students. Over the years, I made several
earnest attempts to get started, each time writing an experimental chapter on one of sociol-
ogy’s key topics. But each attempt felt dead to me, because I hadn’t come up with an interesting
way to organize the book.
On a long flight from Toronto to Taiwan, I h it upon a promising approach: I would write a
book that talked about sociology as an empirical discipline. It would be a book about data col-
lection and data analysis, and it would celebrate the greatest sociological achievements, from
the founders onward. I wanted to tell new readers how the field had started, how it had pro-
gressed, and where I thought it was heading. In due course, and through many revisions, the
imagined book became the book you are holding in your hands.
咀1e book is organized in a way that is slightly unconventional, but that makes sense to me.
τhe traditional American introductory textbook-and the model followed in most Canadian
(and “ Canadianized ”) textbooks-begins by discussing culture, then socialization, then devi-
ance, then small institutions (like the family), then finally large institutions (like formal organ-
izations and cities.）币1is organization supports and promotes a “ voluntaristic” or “ psychologis-
tic” conception of sociology that implies that society starts in people ’s minds and aggregates
upward from individuals to small groups and then to larger units. In effect,“society" is a shared
state of mind, a co-operative venture that results when agents of socialization (like parents and
teachers) force-feed us the prevailing culture.
古1is conception reflects the traditional functionalist point of view that prevailed in Amer-
ican-and therefore Canadian-sociology from roughly 1940 to 1970. While it has a great
deal of merit, it ignores two other points of view: the conflict perspective and the symbolic-
interactionist perspective. 币1e conflict (or critical) perspective agrees with the idea of top-
down control (or “ force-feeding ”) but disputes the notion that this process begins in the family.
Rather, conflict theory argues that social order begins with a struggle for power via class con-
trol, as well as gender and ethnic control. If we were to start with Marx or Weber, we would get
a very different table of contents (or way of organizing the book) than if we were to start with
the American functionalists.
Likewise, we would get a very different organization if we were to start with the symbol-
ic interactionists and social constructionists-present-day heirs of the University of Chicago
school of sociology that dominated North American thinking roughly between 1900 and 1940.
咀1is Chicago-based approach largely rejects the idea of top-down control and asserts the equal
importance of bottom-up processes: the co-operative interactional processes that recreate and
revise “ society ” every single day. So, if we were to begin with Herbert Blumer and Erving
Go缸’ an, for example, we would get again a very different arrangement of chapters than in a
book that starts with the American functionalists.
 Preface
.. ... ……………………………………………·.........................................................

In Starting Points I argue for a 卢sion approach-an approach that draws on and shows
equal respect for all of the main, most fruitful approaches: the Chicago interactionist school,
the American (especially, Harvard and Columbia) functionalist school, and the critical or con-
flict theory approach, among others. My goal is to avoid privileging one approach over all the
others, or even to stage a mock contest among these approaches. To create “ straw men” and
argue the merits of these “ contending paradigms" is unconnected to what practising sociolo-
gists actually do when they conduct sociological research; it therefore has no obvious place in
a book that introduces new students to our field.
Accordingly, I have organized this book-and the table of contents-in a way that shows
equal respect for all three of the main approaches in North American sociology. I believe this kind
of melding of American, British, and European traditions is characteristic of the distinct brand of
sociology that Canadian sociologists have been working to achieve for the last forty years.
As in all textbooks, we begin with general introductory statements about the discipline
before looking at sociological research methods, both qualitative and quantitative. 币1en, in
deference to the conflict approach, we look at the material bases of social life-specifically,
demography, ecology, and urbanization. Note in passing that this is how the path-breaking
human-ecological sociologists at the University of Chicago would have started an introductory
book. 币1en, in deference to the Chicago school of interactionism and community studies, we
look at roles, scripts, groups, communities, and organizations. Afterward, in deference to the
American school of functionalism, we look at culture, socialization, and deviance.
古1roughout this book, in keeping with the stated preference for a fusion approach, we
cycle back and forth between these organizing principles, ending the book with chapters on
major social institutions: families, schools, churches, mass media, and political organization.
卫1is mode of organization actually has benefits to match any other mode of organization, with-
out a profound bias in favour of only one approach.
τhe book considers both classic and modern figures. It also, as intended, calls attention to
the role of empirical research in sociology, and contains a lot of interesting theoretical insights.
In the end, we see that sociology is concerned with discovering the bases for the ability of
people to live together comfortably. We sociologists take humans as we find them and study
how they create and preserve social relationships, and how they act as members of society. As
sociologists, we look for the truth and describe it to one another. 古1en, as citizens, we can seek
a better society together, understanding that we may not all agree on what distinguishes this
“ better society.” With that in mind, reasoned debate-using empirical evidence-is the best
place to start.
币1is new edition is built on the same core ideas as the first edition, but it is even richer and
more reader-friendly than its predecessor. It is also more visual and more provocative. A case
in point is the visual “ navigating” summary that now concludes each chapter. By highlighting
central themes, ideas, and theorists, these summaries are intended to help students begin re-
viewing the book ’s contents for tests and exams. 咀1ey do not-cannot-substitute for a close
reading of the material in the body of each chapter. In fact, I would suggest students read each
summary bφre reading the corresponding chapter to see how intellectual debate enriches a
basic understanding of the topic.
Creating a textbook of this scope and scale is a difficult but ultimately rewarding experi-
ence. It is my sincere hope that you will enjoy this new edition.
Another Random Scribd Document
with Unrelated Content
 Transcriber's Note
Variable spelling and hyphenation have been retained.
Minor punctuation inconsistencies have been corrected silently.

Corrections.

The first line indicates the original, the second the correction.
p. 54:

by burning the nuts of the Urucurí palm, and is then india-

rudder.
by burning the nuts of the Urucurí palm, and is then india-
rubber.

p. 90:

which I suppose the wave to the formed.

which I suppose the wave to be formed.

p. 165:

steps forming minature cascades

steps forming miniature cascades

p. 219:

to take out part of Senhor's L.'s cargo

to take out part of Senhor L.'s cargo

p. 226:

as meat perserved in oil is called

as meat preserved in oil is called

p. 231:

with the mimimum of attention

with the minimum of attention
p. 248:

in order to reach the last stitio

in order to reach the last sitio

p. 268:

Oh! Compadre,' said the man, 'you're come

Oh! Compadre,' said the man, 'you've come

p. 269:

Good-evening, Comadre,' said he

Good-evening, Compadre,' said he

p. 275:

a fiery furnance
a fiery furnace

p. 293:

is like a hugh rocky rampart

is like a huge rocky rampart

p. 310:

the armadilloes, and the ant-anters,

the armadilloes, and the ant-eaters,

p. 331:

with my own obervations

with my own observations

p. 342:

and twisted on to a string round the lions

and twisted on to a string round the loins

p. 348:

These instrument, however, are

These instruments, however, are

either by accident or design, she is invaribly executed,

 either by accident or design, she is invariably executed,

p. 352:

Tinder-boxes of bambo
Tinder-boxes of bamboo
*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TRAVELS ON THE
AMAZON ***

Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions

will be renamed.

Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S.

copyright law means that no one owns a United States
copyright in these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy
and distribute it in the United States without permission and
without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth in the
General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to copying and
distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the
PROJECT GUTENBERG™ concept and trademark. Project
Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if
you charge for an eBook, except by following the terms of the
trademark license, including paying royalties for use of the
Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for
copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is
very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such
as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
research. Project Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and
printed and given away—you may do practically ANYTHING in
the United States with eBooks not protected by U.S. copyright
law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark license, especially
commercial redistribution.
START: FULL LICENSE
THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
 PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK

To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the

free distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this
work (or any other work associated in any way with the phrase
“Project Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of
the Full Project Gutenberg™ License available with this file or
online at www.gutenberg.org/license.

Section 1. General Terms of Use and

Redistributing Project Gutenberg™
electronic works
1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg™
electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand,
agree to and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual
property (trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree
to abide by all the terms of this agreement, you must cease
using and return or destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg™
electronic works in your possession. If you paid a fee for
obtaining a copy of or access to a Project Gutenberg™
electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the terms
of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.

1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only

be used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by
people who agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.
There are a few things that you can do with most Project
Gutenberg™ electronic works even without complying with the
full terms of this agreement. See paragraph 1.C below. There
are a lot of things you can do with Project Gutenberg™
electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement and
help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg™
electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below.
1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the
Foundation” or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the
collection of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. Nearly all the
individual works in the collection are in the public domain in the
United States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright
law in the United States and you are located in the United
States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from copying,
distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative works
based on the work as long as all references to Project
Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope that you will
support the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting free
access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg™
works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for
keeping the Project Gutenberg™ name associated with the
work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement
by keeping this work in the same format with its attached full
Project Gutenberg™ License when you share it without charge
with others.

1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also
govern what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most
countries are in a constant state of change. If you are outside
the United States, check the laws of your country in addition to
the terms of this agreement before downloading, copying,
displaying, performing, distributing or creating derivative works
based on this work or any other Project Gutenberg™ work. The
Foundation makes no representations concerning the copyright
status of any work in any country other than the United States.

1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project

Gutenberg:

1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other

immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg™ License must
appear prominently whenever any copy of a Project
Gutenberg™ work (any work on which the phrase “Project
Gutenberg” appears, or with which the phrase “Project
Gutenberg” is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed,
viewed, copied or distributed:

This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United

States and most other parts of the world at no cost and
with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it,
give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project
Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United
States, you will have to check the laws of the country
where you are located before using this eBook.

1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is

derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not
contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of
the copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to
anyone in the United States without paying any fees or charges.
If you are redistributing or providing access to a work with the
phrase “Project Gutenberg” associated with or appearing on the
work, you must comply either with the requirements of
paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use
of the work and the Project Gutenberg™ trademark as set forth
in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is

posted with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and
distribution must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through
1.E.7 and any additional terms imposed by the copyright holder.
Additional terms will be linked to the Project Gutenberg™
License for all works posted with the permission of the copyright
holder found at the beginning of this work.

1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project

Gutenberg™ License terms from this work, or any files
 containing a part of this work or any other work associated with
Project Gutenberg™.

1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute

this electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1
with active links or immediate access to the full terms of the
Project Gutenberg™ License.

1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form,
including any word processing or hypertext form. However, if
you provide access to or distribute copies of a Project
Gutenberg™ work in a format other than “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or
other format used in the official version posted on the official
Project Gutenberg™ website (www.gutenberg.org), you must,
at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a copy,
a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy
upon request, of the work in its original “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or
other form. Any alternate format must include the full Project
Gutenberg™ License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.

1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,

performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg™
works unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or

providing access to or distributing Project Gutenberg™
electronic works provided that:

• You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive
from the use of Project Gutenberg™ works calculated using the
method you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The
fee is owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark,
but he has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to
the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty
 payments must be paid within 60 days following each date on
which you prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your
periodic tax returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked
as such and sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation at the address specified in Section 4, “Information
about donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation.”

• You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who

notifies you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt
that s/he does not agree to the terms of the full Project
Gutenberg™ License. You must require such a user to return or
destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
Project Gutenberg™ works.

• You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of

any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in
the electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90
days of receipt of the work.

• You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
distribution of Project Gutenberg™ works.

1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project

Gutenberg™ electronic work or group of works on different
terms than are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain
permission in writing from the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation, the manager of the Project Gutenberg™
trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3
below.

1.F.

1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend

considerable effort to identify, do copyright research on,
transcribe and proofread works not protected by U.S. copyright
law in creating the Project Gutenberg™ collection. Despite these
efforts, Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, and the medium
on which they may be stored, may contain “Defects,” such as,
but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or corrupt data,
transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual property
infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be
read by your equipment.

1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except

for the “Right of Replacement or Refund” described in
paragraph 1.F.3, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation, the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark,
and any other party distributing a Project Gutenberg™ electronic
work under this agreement, disclaim all liability to you for
damages, costs and expenses, including legal fees. YOU AGREE
THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT
EXCEPT THOSE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE
THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY
DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE LIABLE
TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL,
PUNITIVE OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE
NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you

discover a defect in this electronic work within 90 days of
receiving it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you
paid for it by sending a written explanation to the person you
received the work from. If you received the work on a physical
medium, you must return the medium with your written
explanation. The person or entity that provided you with the
defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu
of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person
or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second
opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.
If the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund
in writing without further opportunities to fix the problem.

1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set

forth in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’,
WITH NO OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.

1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied

warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of
damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this
agreement violates the law of the state applicable to this
agreement, the agreement shall be interpreted to make the
maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by the applicable
state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of
this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.

1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the

Foundation, the trademark owner, any agent or employee of the
Foundation, anyone providing copies of Project Gutenberg™
electronic works in accordance with this agreement, and any
volunteers associated with the production, promotion and
distribution of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, harmless
from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, that
arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you
do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project
Gutenberg™ work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or
deletions to any Project Gutenberg™ work, and (c) any Defect
you cause.

Section 2. Information about the Mission

of Project Gutenberg™
Project Gutenberg™ is synonymous with the free distribution of
electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of
computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new
computers. It exists because of the efforts of hundreds of
volunteers and donations from people in all walks of life.

Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the

assistance they need are critical to reaching Project
Gutenberg™’s goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg™
collection will remain freely available for generations to come. In
2001, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was
created to provide a secure and permanent future for Project
Gutenberg™ and future generations. To learn more about the
Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and how your
efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 and the
Foundation information page at www.gutenberg.org.

Section 3. Information about the Project

Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-
profit 501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the
laws of the state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status
by the Internal Revenue Service. The Foundation’s EIN or
federal tax identification number is 64-6221541. Contributions
to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation are tax
deductible to the full extent permitted by U.S. federal laws and
your state’s laws.

The Foundation’s business office is located at 809 North 1500

West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact
links and up to date contact information can be found at the
Foundation’s website and official page at
www.gutenberg.org/contact
 Section 4. Information about Donations to
the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation
Project Gutenberg™ depends upon and cannot survive without
widespread public support and donations to carry out its mission
of increasing the number of public domain and licensed works
that can be freely distributed in machine-readable form
accessible by the widest array of equipment including outdated
equipment. Many small donations ($1 to $5,000) are particularly
important to maintaining tax exempt status with the IRS.

The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws

regulating charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of
the United States. Compliance requirements are not uniform
and it takes a considerable effort, much paperwork and many
fees to meet and keep up with these requirements. We do not
solicit donations in locations where we have not received written
confirmation of compliance. To SEND DONATIONS or determine
the status of compliance for any particular state visit
www.gutenberg.org/donate.

While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states

where we have not met the solicitation requirements, we know
of no prohibition against accepting unsolicited donations from
donors in such states who approach us with offers to donate.

International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot

make any statements concerning tax treatment of donations
received from outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp
our small staff.

Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current

donation methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a
number of other ways including checks, online payments and
credit card donations. To donate, please visit:
www.gutenberg.org/donate.

Section 5. General Information About

Project Gutenberg™ electronic works
Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project
Gutenberg™ concept of a library of electronic works that could
be freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and
distributed Project Gutenberg™ eBooks with only a loose
network of volunteer support.

Project Gutenberg™ eBooks are often created from several

printed editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by
copyright in the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus,
we do not necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any
particular paper edition.

Most people start at our website which has the main PG search
facility: www.gutenberg.org.

This website includes information about Project Gutenberg™,

including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new
eBooks, and how to subscribe to our email newsletter to hear
about new eBooks.
Welcome to Our Bookstore - The Ultimate Destination for Book Lovers
Are you passionate about testbank and eager to explore new worlds of
knowledge? At our website, we offer a vast collection of books that
cater to every interest and age group. From classic literature to
specialized publications, self-help books, and children’s stories, we
have it all! Each book is a gateway to new adventures, helping you
expand your knowledge and nourish your soul
Experience Convenient and Enjoyable Book Shopping Our website is more
than just an online bookstore—it’s a bridge connecting readers to the
timeless values of culture and wisdom. With a sleek and user-friendly
interface and a smart search system, you can find your favorite books
quickly and easily. Enjoy special promotions, fast home delivery, and
a seamless shopping experience that saves you time and enhances your
love for reading.
Let us accompany you on the journey of exploring knowledge and
personal growth!

ebooksecure.com