ASAS, MARY GRACE P.

- “FALLING DOWN IS NOT A FAILURE,

FAILURE COMES WHEN YOU STAY
IPHP REVIEWER
WHERE YOU HAVE FALLEN”-Socrates

Greek words PHILOS (Love) and

PLATO (428 BCE-348 BCE)
SOPHIA(Wisdom)
-student of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle
LOVE OF WISDOM- strong and desire of the
human person -known as “dialect” method of inquiry
PHILOSOPHERS OR “LOVERS OF -his lasting contribution to learning was his
WISDOM”- people who engage in philosophy founding of the “academy”
PROMINENT THINKERS IN -“LOVE IS SERIOUS MENTAL DISEASE”-
PHILOSOPHY Plato
1.SOCRATES
2.PLATO ARISTOTLE (384 BCE-322 BCE)
3.ARISTOTLE -one of the greatest philosophies who ever lived
and the first genuine scientist in history
4.PYTHAGORAS
-he invented the field of formal logic
5.HERACLITUS
-teacher of his own school Athens known as
6.DEMOCRITUS
“Lyceum”
7.DIOGENES
-for his own perspective, all ideas and views are
8.EPICURUS based on what we can sense and perceive
-his studies in logic led to the formulating of
formal process of analyzing reasoning
SOCRATES (470 BCE-399 BCE)
-“NO GREAT MINDS HAS EVER EXISTED
-he was known critic of intellectuals during his WITHOUT A TOUCH OF MADNESS”-
time but he himself did not claim to be “wise” Aristotle
considered as “midwife”
-philosophy could enable a man to live a life of
virtue PYTHAGORAS (570 BCE-500 BCE)

- “Socratic method” mess of examining a topic -he also known as mathematician and founder
by devising a series of questions that let the of the Pythagorean brotherhood. Influenced
learner examine and analyze his knowledge and the thought of Plato and Aristotle, contribute to
view regarding the topic mathematics

-Socrates ancient period “western philosophy” -“SILENCE IS BETTER THAN

UNMEANING WORDS”-Pythagoras
-he explores the questions “ethics”
- “what is virtue?” and “what is justice?”
HERACLITUS (540 BCE-480 BCE) NOW HAVE WAS ONCE AMONG THE
THINGS YOU ONLY HOPED FOR”-
-Greek philosopher who remembered for his
Epicurus
“cosmology”
-“ever living fire kindling in measures and being
extinguished in measures” BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY
-for him, change is permanent aspect of the 1.METAPHYSIS
human conditions “no man steps in the same
-study of nature of being and the first cause of
river twice”
things
-“THERES IS NOTHING PERMANENT
-study of the physical universe and the nature
EXCEPT CHANGE”-Heraclitus
of ultimate reality
2.LOGIC
DEMOCRITUS (460 BCE-370 BCE)
-study of correct reasoning
-rival of Aristotle in philosophy
-study of truth based on the meaning of terms
-laughing philosopher-cheerfulness
3.AXIOLOGY
-study of causes of natural phenomena
-study of principles and values (ethics and
-proposed that matter is composed of tiny aesthetic)
particles called atoms
-study of nature of value and valuation
-“WORDS ARE BUT THE SHADOWW OF
-also called theory of value
ACTIONS”-Democritus
4.EPISTEMOLOGY
-branch of philosophy that deals with the
DIOGENES ( NOT KNOWN-320 BCE)
natures
-known as advocate of living simple and
-consider how people come to learn what they
virtuous life
know
-stress stoic self-sufficiency
-one should not only talk of virtue but should
2 PROCESS OF DOING PHILOSOPHY
show it in words and actions
1.Holistic point of view-all aspects of the given
-cynicism and stoicism
problem or situations
-all aspects are given importance when making
EPICURUS (341 BCE-270 BCE) conclusions
-could enable man to live a life of happiness -using different sources of information in doing
your research
-founder of epicureanism-school of philosophy
-not judging people but instead learning to know
-“DO NOT SPOIL WHAT YOU HAVE BY
them better
DESIRING WHAT YOU HAVE
NOT;REMEMBER THAT WHAT YOU
2.Partial point of view-limited number of -determining and argument using false cause and
aspects of the given problem or situation effect between different events
-conclusions are made bases on considering 6.AD POPULUM/BANDWAGON
some, but not all sides of the problem or
-acceptable since many are doing it
situation
7.FALSE ANALOGY
-only one source of information in doing your
research -two similar terns/ideas but has wrongful
usage/meaning
-listen only to your friends advise on what
course to take in college 8.FALLACY OF COMPOSITION
-judging the character of people we know just by -what is true to a part is true to the whole
merely looking at their fb page
9.FALLACY OF DIVISION
-one thinks that what is true to the whole is true
WAYS OF DOING PHILOSOPHY to a part
-NOT ALL SEE IS TRUE 10.DICTO SIMPLICITER
-PHILOSOPHY AND LOGIC ARE -assuming that something true in general is true
INSEPARABLE in every possible case
“TRUTH IS”
-defined as something which can be proven THE HUMAN PERSON AS A EMBODIED
SPIRIT
“OPINION”
“MAN”
-product of our own belief and self-expression
about something. -represents the entire human race
“PERSON”
DIFFERENT TYPES OF FALLACY -refers to an individual who possess self-
awareness, self-determination and rational mind
1.APPEAL TO PITY
“PERSONHOOD”
-persuading somebody out of emotion or
sympathy -state of being person with unique scared and
ethical status himself
2.AD HOMENEM
“HUMAN NATURE”
-directly attacking person to destroy his/her
arguments -characteristics that distinguish human from all
the creatures
3.AD BACULUM
“WHAT IS HUMAN?”
-applying force or position
-human person is someone with an exact origin
4.HASTY GENERALIZATION
of his/her classification
-lacking and illogical baseless
2 GENERAL KINDS OF A HUMAN
5.POST HOC PERSON
1.The cognitive self HUMAN TRANSCENDENCE
2.The physical self -originated from the Latin words “trans”-“go
beyond” and “scandre”-“climb”
“THE COGNITIVE SELF”
-it is the ability of man to experience reality
-cannot be physically seen
beyond what the physical body allows him to be
-the what of a person
-this is your ability to surpass your limits
“THE PHYSICAL SELF”
“ABRAHAM MASLOW’S HIERARCHY”
-something can be seen
“SELF-ACTUALIZATION”
-the who of a person
-desire to become the most the one can be
“MAN AS AN EMBODIED SPIRIT”
“ESTEEM”
-fully understand the nature of the human person
-respect, self-esteem, status, recognition,
as a embodied spirit
strength ,freedom
“EMBODY”
“LOVE AND BELONGING”
-give a body to (spirit)
-friendship, intimacy, family, sense of
“EMBODIED” connection,

-something is given concrete from materialized “SAFETY NEEDS”

or incorporated to a body
-personal security, employment, resources,
“WHAR IS SPIRIT” health, property

-animating or vital principle hold to give life to “PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS”

physical organisms.
-air, water, food, shelter, sleep, clothing,
“WHAT IS EMBODIED?” reproduction

-animating core living which each of us

“WHAT IS HUMAN PERSON AS AN “HUMAN PERSON IN THE
EMBODIED SPIRIT” ENVIRONMENT”

1.”SELF-AWARENESS”-having a clear
perception of oneself including his/her thoughts
THE RELATIONSHIP OF MAN WITH THE
2.”EXERNALITY”-human person is able to ENVIRONMENT
connect and interact with another person an
-as a rational being the person has the ability to
animal or in animal object
change the environment according to his/her will
3.”SELF-DETERMINATION”-the capability and purposes
of person to make choices and decisions
4.”DIGNITY”-human person has an inherent
value and importance
3 MAJOR VIEWS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
1.ANTHROPOCENTRISM -philosophy of fulfilling all peoples presents
diverse needs without undermining the capacity
-focuses on the significant role of humans in the
of the future generations to meet their own needs
world and considers nature as the means to
as well
survive
2.BIOCENTRISM
PRUDENCE
-believes that humans are not the only
significant species on the planet , and that all -is the skill or good judgement in the use of
organisms resources
3.ECOCENTRISM FRUGALITY
-places great value on ecosystem and biological -is the careful management of material resources
communities especially money

“THE I-IT RELATION”

-the environment is treated as merely an object
to be used or experienced while human beings
are considered as the only active creation on
earth

“THE I-THOU RELATION”

-in this relationship human beings treat the
environment as a subject and not as an object
-THOU MEANS (YOU)

ENVIRONMENTAL AESTHETIC
-philosophical point of view that claims that
preserving order in the environment will bring
out the natural reality of the world.

ENVIRONMENTALISM
-political and environment movement that seeks
to improve and protect the quality of natural
environment