INTRODUCTION
• The Uttar Pradesh Power Transmission Corporation Limited
(UPPTCL) is a state-owned electricity transmission company in Uttar
Pradesh, India. It is responsible for the transmission of electrical power
from the power generation plants to the distribution companies and
ultimately to consumers in the state.
• U.P Power Transmission Corporation Limited(UPPTCL), incorporated
under the Companies Act 1956, was incorporated in 2006.
• It was created to separate the functions of transmission and distribution,
which were previously managed under the Uttar Pradesh State
Electricity Board (UPSEB).
Operation of 132KV/33 KV substation Bodla, Agra
132KV
Main bus Sikandra Grid Lightning
CVT
T.L Arrester
Series through Bus Coupler
Bus 33KV 132KV step down 110V
L.A Step Down CT Wave
Capacitor
Trap
Bank
Cap. 320MVA
Control
Pannel
11 Feeders
Overview of Substation Single Line Diagram
Equipments
1.Transformer
(i) Power Transformer:
• Used to handle large amount of electrical power and manage high voltage levels.
• It is used to step-up or step-down voltage in power and distribution system.
• Optimizing efficiency of power transmission over long distances.
• It stabilize the and manage large voltage level
(ii) Distribution Transformer:
• It is used in Distribution system.
• It Step-down the high voltages from transmission line to lower voltages which is
suitable for home appliances etc.
2. Instrument Transformer
(i) Current Transformer:
• It is used to measure the high current by reduce to lower.
• It is a safety purpose device.
• The primary winding is connected in series with the circuit carrying the current
to be measured while secondary winding connected to a measuring device or
relay.
(ii) Potential Transformer:
• It is used to measure the high voltage by reduce to lower.
• PT is used for voltage measurement, metering and protection in high voltage
system.
• Secondary winding is connected to metering device. It isolates the circuit from
high voltage.
3. Lightning Arrester
• Used to protect circuit from the damaging effects of
lightning strikes and voltage surges.
• It act as insulator under normal condition.
• At high voltage, voltage surge occur and act as
conductive and provide low resistance path due to which
surge travel to the ground.
4. Conductor
(i) Panther: Area of around 200mm. used in medium to
high-voltage transmission lines.
(ii) Zebra: Area of about 400mm. Used for higher current
carrying capacity compared to panther.
(iii) Moose: Area of about 500mm. Used in very high
voltage and high current application.
5. Insulators
• It should have a very high resistance.
• It should have very high breakdown
• It should have high dielectric strength.
• Thermal resistance of insulators must be able to
withstand the temperature generated by electric currents
without loosing its insulating properties.
• It should have high mechanical strength.
Types of insulator
1. Pin type insulator.
2. Suspension insulator.
3. Shackle insulator.
4. Strain insulator.
6. Circuit Breaker
• It is an electrical safety device designed to protect an electrical
circuit from damage caused by overcurrent, short circuit or
other faults.
• It can make or break a circuit either by manual or
automatically under all condition viz no load and short circuit
condition.
Types of circuit breaker
1. Oil circuit breaker.
2. Air circuit breaker.
3. Vaccum circuit breaker.
4. SF6 circuit breaker.
7. Capacitor bank
• It is a collection of capacitors connected in a specific
to provide reactive power compensation, improve
voltage stability and enhance overall efficiency of an
electrical power system.
• It provide reactive power to counteract the inductive
effect which reduces losses.
• It help to balance the load across different phases
8. Bus coupler
• It is used to connect two or more busbars without
interrupting the power supply.
9.Protection and cooling Equipment
(i) Conservator:
• When the oil expand or contracts by the change in
the temperature, the oil level goes either up or
down in main tank.
• It is help to maintain the volume of insulating oil
within the transformer.
• It manage oil levels, manage temperature changes,
prevent oil from coming into contact with air,
extend transformer lifespan.
(ii) Breather:
• It removes moisture from the air that passes
through transformer’s conservator tank. It consists
silica gel crystals impregnated with cobalt
chloride
10.Buchholz Relay
• It is a safety device that monitors and protect oil filled
transformer from internal faults.
• It is installed in the pipeline between the transformer tank and
expansion tank.
• When a fault occur in the transformer, it generates gas. The
relay traps the gas in its budges and operates an alarm or trip
signal to shut down the transformer.
• Max Buchholz invented the Buchhloz relay
11.Control Pannel
• Control Pannel is plant outside the switchyard.
• All the equipment which is install inside the
switchyard are connected to the control Pannel
by underground cable.
• These cable are connected to the measuring
devices like ammeter, voltmeter of high ratings.
• It gives the rating of all feeders and also give the
information about temperature of transformer oil
and winding.
12. Battery Room
• This room consists of DC batteries. There are 55 DC cell
of 2V each.
• These cells are connected in series, so it will give total of
110V.
• This 110V DC used for operating control pannel when
the supply is off.
• This 110V DC is also supply to circuit breaker for
operating.
• We use this supply as secondary supply.
Thank You
