Faculty of Social Sciences
Department of Psychology
Psychology of Work & Organization
Essential Terms in Work
& Organizational Psychology
psychology of Work and Organization tends to focus on individuals and
groups and to explore what goes on in organizations in terms of underlying
psychological processes. psychology of Work and Organization is an academic
subject and a profession which focuses on human behaviour related to
organizations, work and productivity. It applies psychological principles to the
workplace.
Terms in psychology of Work and Organization:
Terms (English) Terms Definition
(Arabic)
Work and Organizational Psychology
Psychology علم النفس psychology is the science that studies
behavior and mental processes
Work Psychology علم النفس العمل Work psychology is about people’s
behaviour, thoughts and emotions related
to their work. It can be used to improve
our understanding and management of
people (including ourselves) at work.
organizational psychology is a field of
Organizational علم النفس study and research in which scientific
التنظيمي principles of psychology and methods
Psychology are developed, applied, and practiced in
the workplace. It deals with various
aspects of people’s behavior and
attitudes and connects them to functions
and productivity in an organizational
setting.
Organizational psychology may be
defined as the “scientific study of
individual and group behaviour in formal
organizational settings.
Industrial- علم النفس The application of psychological
organizational (I-O) الصناعي principles, theory, and research to the
psychology work setting. A related sub- field of
Industrial/ Organizational psychology is
organisational behavior.
we defined an organization as a
consciously coordinated social unit,
composed of two or more people, that
Organization المنظمة functions on a relatively continuous basis
to achieve a common goal or set of goals
organizations have the following five
important features :
1)Organizations are artifacts:
Organisations
are not natural entities like living beings
but are brought into existence by human
beings.
2) Goal directed: As the above
definition makes it amply clear,
organisations are created to serve some
purpose. This however does not mean
that everyone in the organization has a
common goal, or even that everyone is
aware of and understands the
organizational goals.
3) Social entities: According to the
definition, organizations are ‘composed
of two or more people’ and as such are
social entities.
4) Structured activity: In order to
achieve the purpose or goals of an
organisation, it is required that human
activity be deliberately structured and
coordinated in some way. Hence usually
there are identifiable parts or activities in
an organisation. 7 Introduction of
Organizational Psychology
5) Nominal boundaries: Generally
speaking, it is possible to identify
nominal boundaries for an organization.
This refers to consensus regarding who
or what is a part of the organization and
who or what belongs elsewhere.
Organizational السلوك التنظيمي Organizational behavior (OB) : is a
Behavior field of study that examines the behavior
of individuals, groups, and structures
within an organization and how they
impact the organization's effectiveness. It
involves analyzing various factors such
as leadership, communication,
motivation, decision-making, and
organizational culture to understand how
they influence individual and group
behavior within the workplace.
organizational الهيكل التنظيمي Organizational structure is the
Structure framework of the relations on jobs,
systems, operating process, people and
groups making efforts to achieve the
goals. Organizational structure is a set of
methods dividing the task to determined
duties and coordinates them.
Human Ressource الموارد البشرية The ressources a person has or the
(HR) knowledge and experience developed
over the years.
Human Ressource تسيير الموارد Practices such as Recuitment, Selection,
Management (HRM) البشرية Retention, Training and development of
people in order to achieve individual and
organizational goals
Behavior السلوك Any act of person wich is observable,
any observable responses of a person to
his environment, manner of ones
conduct.
Human Behavior السلوك البشري The acts, attitudes and performances of
flesh and blood individuals according to
their environment ; properly the subject
matter of psychology.
Attitude موقف Position of the body, as suggesting some
thought,feeling, or action ; state of
mind ; behavior ; or conduct regarding
some matter, indicating opinion or
purpose ; internal processes
Work Environment بيئة العمل A work environment can be identified as
the place where employee works.
Recruitment and selection
Job Analysis تحليل الوظيفة Job analysis may be viewed as the hub of
virtually all human resource
management activities necessary for the
successful functioning of organizations
process That determines the important
tasks of a job and the human attributes
necessary to successfully perform those
tasks.
Uses of Job Analysis Information :
Job analysis information is the basis for
several interrelated Human Resource
Management activities, as follows:
Recruitment and Selection
performance standards. It is often
through job analysis
that experts determine the standards to
be achieved and the specific activities to
be performed.
Training: Job analysis information
is also used for
designing training and development
programs, because the analysis and
resulting job description show the skills
and
therefore the training that are required.
Job Design تصميم الوظيفة Job design is the division of work tasks
assigned to an individual in an
organization that specifies what the
worker does, how, and why. Effective job
design contributes to the achievement of
organizational objectives, motivation, and
employee satisfaction.
Job Description وصف الوظيفة Include the skills and experience needed
to perform the job, and sets out work
duties and activities that employees will
be expected to perform
Job satisfaction is a person’s overall
evaluation of his or her job as favorable
or unfavorable. It reflects an attitude
toward one’s job and hence includes
affect, cognitions, and behavioral
Job Satisfaction tendencies.
Job satisfaction is a widely studied
andcentral variable in many theories
about orga nizational phenomena, and it
is related to many factors that are
important for human resource
management such as performance,
counterpro ductive work behavior,
turnover, and employee health.
Recruitment التوظيف Recruitment is the process of selecting
the right person, for the right position at
the right time. The educational
qualifications, experience, abilities and
skills of the individuals need to be taken
into consideration when recruitment
takes place. It is the central function of
human resource management.
Selection is the process of picking or
choosing the right candidate, who is
Selection االختيار most suitable for the job. It is the process
of interviewing the candidates and
evaluating their qualities, which are
necessary for a specific job and then
selection of the candidates is made for
the right positions.
Performance تقييم اآلداء refers to the methods and processes used
Appraisal or by organizations to assess the level of
(Performance performance of their employees. This
process usually includes measuring
Evaluation) employees’ performance and providing
them with feedback regarding the level
and quality of their performance
Feedback التغذية الرجعية Feedback is a widely used concept in
management theory. It is used in
management decision making, planned
organizational change, management
control, organiza- tion design and
training Performance appraisal,
motivation
Leadership development is defined as
Leadership “expanding the collective capacity of
Development organizational members to engage
effectively in leadership roles and pro
cesses
Job performance is defined as the total
Job Performance األداء الوظيفي expected value to the organization of the
discrete behavioral episodes that an
individual carries out over a standard
period of time.
Work motivation is considered a set of
Work Motivation الدافع للعمل energetic forces that originate both
within as well as beyond an individual’s
being, to initiate work-related behavior,
and to deter mine its form direction
intensity and duration.
Group is basically a collectivity of two or
more persons.
Group Dynamics ديناميكية Dynamics comes from Greek word
المجموعة meaning FORCE.
Group dynamics is concerned with the
interactions of forces among group
members in a social situation
Teamwork is seen as an important
Teamwork facilitator in delivering quality
العمل ضمن فريق
healthcare services internationally.
Teamwork is an essential part of
workplace success.
