REPUBLIC ACT 1425/RIZAL LAW Noli Me Tangere;

PATRIOTISM
- is the love someone feels for their country that is based on d) Rizal’s true love, Leonor Rivera’s son married the sister of
the idea that this country itself is good and that good people the former president of the United Nations General Assembly,
live there. Carlos P. Romulo;
NATIONALISM
- is the love and affection for one’s country, but it’s based on e) Rizal’s sister, Maria was the great-grand mother of Gemma
the idea that this particular country is better than all the rest. Cruz-Araneta, the first Filipina and Asian to win an internal
beauty pageant, (Miss International 1964);
1. It is an act to include in the curricula of all public and
private schools, colleges and universities courses on the life, f) Rizal’s first love, Segunda Katigbak was the great-grand
works and writings of Jose Rizal. R.A. 1425 mother of sportscaster, Chino Trinidad; and

2. Why do we need to include the Life and Works of Dr. Jose g) Rizal’s novels, Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo were
P. Rizal in tertiary level curriculum? because it is mandated stolen for ransom, but Alejandrino Roces retrieved the novels
without paying a single centavo.
3. The following are the works of Rizal, EXCEPT? Illustrado

4. Who was the main proponent of the Rizal Bill? Senator The nineteenth century is considered the birth of modern
Claro Recto life,more so, the birth of many nation-states all over the
world.
5. When was the Rizal Bill enacted into a law? June 12, 1956
For us to understand what Dr. Rizal have done during the
6.Who was the President of the Philippines in 1994? Fidel V. nineteenth century, let us look the different developments
Ramos and accomplishments on that period that changed and
shaped the landscape of the Philippines’ economy, society
Published in the Official Gazette, Vol. 52, No. 6, p. 2971 in and politics.
June 1956.
The birth of modernity brought up three revolutions to the
Other Rizal Laws: world: the Industrial Revolution in England, the French
Memorandum Order No. 247, s. 1994 Revolution in France and the American Revolution.
Former President Fidel V. Ramos directed the secretary of
Education, Culture and Sports, Armand Fabella and the During these periods the Spaniards have already been in
Commission of Higher Education to fully implement the RA so much power to some parts of the world. The 19th century
1425 as there were reports that the law was not yet Philippines is divided into three aspects: economic, social,
implemented in some areas of the country. and political.

CHED Memorandum Order No. 3, s. 1995 Economic Context

This MO was created to strictly enforced Memorandum ❖ End of Galleon Trade
Order No. 247. Republic Act No. 229, s. 1948 ❖ Opening of Suez Canal
This RA was issued to prohibit cockfighting, horse racing, and ❖ Rise of Export of Crop Economy
jai-alai on the 30th of December of each year. It also created ❖ Monopolies
a committee to take charge of the proper celebration of Rizal
Day in every municipality and chartered city and for any END OF GALLEON TRADE
other purposes.
The early inhabitants of the archipelago were already
The Rizal Law aims to develop the following goals: trading with the Chinese, Japanese, Cambodians, Borneans
1. To rededicate the lives of the youth to the ideals of and Siamese (Thais) even before the coming of the Spaniards.
freedom and nationalism, for which our heroes lived and died; When Spain colonized the Philippines in 1565, the trading
2. To pay tribute to our national hero for devoting his life and with these people were cut off. They closed the ports of
works in shaping the Filipino character; and Manila except to the Mexicans. This was called Manila
3. To gain an inspiring source of patriotism through the study Acapulco Trade otherwise known as Galleon Trade.
of Rizal’s life, works, and writings.
The Galleon Trade began in 1565. The ships were going
Did you know that…? back and fort Manila and Acapulco, Mexico. The ships carried
spices, wines, plants, animals, other products and annual
a) Rizal modeled in some of Juan Luna’s paintings (The Death subsidy for the Philippines. For 250 years, the trade had
of Cleopatra, Blood Compact and The Parisian Life); served as the income generating business for Spanish
b) Rizal’s love interest, Josephine Bracken was married to a colonists in the country.
Cebuano that had tutored former president Sergio Osmeña; Manila became a trading hub not only in the Southeast
region, but in the entire pacific. It also allowed the modern
c) Rizal’s true love, Leonor Rivera was Maria Clara in his and liberal ideals and philosophies to enter the country. Thus,
novel
paved way to the birth of nationalism and clamoring for Ilocos Sur, La Union, Isabela, Abra, Nueva Ecija and
independence by the Filipinos. Marinduque was issued. These provinces were only
The Galleon Trade ended on September 14, 1851 when permitted to plant tobacco. No one is allowed to keep even a
Mexico started its war for independence against Spain. few tobacco. Everything will be sold to the government.
Sanctions like fines and physical punishment was imposed.

OPENING OF SUEZ CANAL The Spanish government exported the tobacco to other
countries and to the cigarette factories in Manila. The
The Suez Canal is an artificial sea-level waterway system revenues positively increased and it made the Philippine
in Egypt. It connects the Red Sea and Mediterranean Sea. It tobacco well known all over Asia and some parts of Europe.
was constructed by a French Company, Suez Canal Company But negatively, it brought food shortages across the country
and engineered by Ferdinand de Lesseps in 1859. The since the focus was on planting tobacco not on the basic
construction was finished on 1869 and was officially opened crops.
on November 17, 1869. The Tobacco Monopoly was abolished in 1882.

The opening of Suez Canal shortened the travel between Social Context
places, like Europe and the Philippines. Before, a ship from ❖ Education
Spain took more than three months to reach Manila because ❖ Rise of Chinese Mestizo
it passed the Cape of Good Hope, tip of southern Africa. With
the opening of Suez Canal, the travel was shortened to a EDUCATION
month and a half.
The Spanish offered the European system of education
The opening of the canal was advantageous to all. First, it to the country. The schools were run by Catholic missionaries.
served as a passage for commercial enterprises in Europe, To convert the natives to Christianity, Religion was made a
Asia and the Americas. Second, it served as a passage for compulsory subject at all levels.
modern and liberal ideals and philosophies to enter
countries that were long oppressed by the tyrants. Third, it The Laws of the Indies mandated the Spanish authorities
served as an important factor that flared nationalistic desires to teach the natives how to read and write and to learn and
like Jose Rizal and his compatriots. And lastly, it encouraged speak Spanish. The Spanish missionaries-built schools and
the ilustrados like Rizal, Luna, and Panganiban to study educated the natives of the rudiments of education, but not
abroad and learn their ways and culture. seriously taught the Spanish language. They feared that if the
natives would become knowledgeable, they would be like
RISE OF EXPORT OF CROP ECONOMY them. And later on, they would expel them to the country.

Products such as Manila hemp, sugar and coffee were The first formal schools in the land were the parochial
produced for foreign markets, while the European goods schools that were operated by the missionaries like
entered the Philippines. The export of crop economy Augustinians, Franciscans, Jesuits and Dominicans. They
provided opportunities not only to the Spanish and Filipinos introduced the 4Rs: Reading, wRiting, aRithmetic and
but also to the expanding Chinese population. The Chinese of Religion. Some vocational and practical art subjects were
Manila moved to other adjacent places that produced crops. introduced. Also, Latin language was taught in schools.

The development of the expert crop industry in the Colleges were opened for boys and girls separately. The
Philippines was motivated by the commercial undertakings of subjects taught were Latin, History, Geography, Philosophy,
North European and North American merchants. They were and Mathematics. And in the beginning of the 17thCentury,
the one who provided capital, organization, and access in universities were established in the country. At first, colleges
port cities, especially Manila, as they needed agents who and universities were only offered to Spanish and Spanish
could distribute imports in the interior and buy up goods for mestizos. It took two centuries before Filipinos were
export. This role was assumed by the Chinese. accepted to enter school. And still, the emphasis of
education was Religion.
MONOPOLIES
As the decree opened schools for all, there was the rising
Other products were monopolized the Spanish colonists, number of educated Filipinos. And this paved way for the
such as spirituous liquors (1712- 1864), betel nut (1764), new social class in the country, the Ilustrados. But despite of
tobacco (1782-1882), and explosives (1805-1864). But among their wealth and education, they were still treated inferior to
these monopolies, the one considered most controversial Spanish. Because of this, they aimed to be in the same level
and oppressive to Filipinos was perhaps the Tobacco with the Spanish.
Monopoly.
In 1782, Governor General Jose Basco y Vargas placed the RISE OF CHINESE MESTIZO
Tobacco industry under government control. Thus, it
established the Tobocco Monopoly. The monopoly was It was already discussed in the previous topics that at the
created to increase government revenue since the annual beginning of the 19th century, there were economic and
subsidy was no longer sufficient to maintain the colony. The political changes that happened in the country.
widespread cultivation of tobacco in Cagayan, Ilocos Norte,
Significantly, the end of Galleon Trade paved way for Summary :
monopolies in the country There were many changes that had happened in the 19th
century. In the Philippines, these changes were divided into:
SOCIAL ISSUES economic, social and political contexts.
1. POLOY SERVICIO - forced labor to the government and to
the Catholic Church. Economic changes include the end of Galleon Trade,
2. RACIAL DISCRIMINATION - high positions in the opening of Suez Canal, rise of export crop economy and
government were only given to pure blooded Spaniards. monopolies.

THE SOCIAL RANKING BOUGHT BY ENCOMIENDA SYSTEM: Socially, these changes were brought by the rise of
1. Highest Class Chinese mestizos and the opening of schools for all. For
a) Spanish Officials (Peninsulares & Insulares who have political, is the coming of liberal ideas to the country that
official government. designations starting from the swayed the Ilustrados to help the country redeem her
Governor-General); independence. These changes brought massive impact to the
b) Peninsulares (Spaniards who are born in Spain; held country as a whole.
the most important jobs and made the smallest number
of population); RIZAL’S FAMILY
c) Insulares (Spaniards born in the Philippines and
considered as inferiors than Peninsulares); and DR. JOSE P. RIZAL
d) Friars (members of certain religious orders of men His real-full name is Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso
especially the four religious orders (Augustinians, Realonda.
Carmelites, Dominicans, and Franciscans) He was born on 19th day of June,year 1861 in Calamba,
Laguna and died on 30th day of December, year 1896 at the
2. Middle Class age of 35.
a) Spanish Mestizos (mixed Spanish and indigenous He was an Author, Scientist, Poet, Journalist, Novelist,
Filipino ancestry); Ophthalmologist, Visual Artist, Agriculturist, and most
b) Chinese Mestizos (mixed Chinese and indigenous importantly, one of few people who implicitly referred to as
Filipinos ancestry); Philippine National Hero.
c) Criollos (mixed European and black descent especially
in the Caribbean; considered inferior to those who came Dona Teodora Alonzo
from the mother country-Spain: Ternate Chabacano, Mother of Jose Rizal. She was born in Santa Cruz, Manila
Cavite Chabacano, Zamboanga Chabacano, Cotabato on November 14, 1827 and died in 1913 in Manila.
Chabacano); and She studied at the Colegio deSanta Rosa. She was a
e) Principalia (ruling class of the native elites: business-minded woman, courteous, religious, hard-working
gobernadorcillo, cabeza de barangay, landowners, and well-read.
merchants, wealthy native families) “Loving and Prudent Mother”

3. Lowest Class Don Francisco Mercado

a) Indios (poor natives or poor people having pure Father of Jose Rizal. Born in Biñan, Laguna on April 18,
Filipino blood) 1818; studied in San Jose College, Manila; and died in Manila
(1898).
Political Context “a model of fathers”

❖ Liberalism Saturnina Rizal

Eldest child of the Rizal-Alonzo marriage. Married Manuel
Liberalism is a political philosophy based on belief in Timoteo Hidalgo of Tanauan, Batangas.
progress, the essential goodness of human race, and the Her nickname was Neneng.
autonomy of individual and standing for the protection of “ the second mother”
political and civil liberties. The liberals always believe that
government is necessary in protecting the individuals from Paciano Rizal
other people. Only brother of Jose Rizal and the second child. Jose Rizal
referred him as the “most noble of Filipinos.”
The opening of Suez Canal and opening of Manila to Studied at San Jose College in Manila; became a farmer
world trade paved way for the entry of modern and liberal and later a general of the Philippine Revolution.
ideas in the country. These political thoughts and liberal ideas “the big brother”
encouraged and stimulated the Ilustrados to further their
studies abroad and to study the liberal ideas and political Narcisa Rizal
system in Europe that later on were applied to gain the The third child. married Antonio Lopez at Morong, Rizal; a
independence of the country. teacher and musician.
Her nickname was Sisa.
“ the hospitable sister”
Olimpia Rizal Fact #3
The fourth child. Married Silvestre Ubaldo; died in “Consummatum Est!” which means “It is finished!” Were
1887 from childbirth. Rizal’s last words during his execution by firing squad in
Her nickname was Ypia. Bagumbayan on December 30, 1896.
“ the go-between”
Fact #4
Lucia Rizal As a polyglot, Rizal had the habit of switching
The fifth child. Married Matriano Herbosa. from one language to another. His biographers
Herbosa died of cholera in 1889 and was denied Christian faced difficulty in translating his works because of
burial because he was a brother-in-law of Dr. Rizal his habit of switching languages.
“ fellow sufferer” He was conversant in 22 languages.

Maria Rizal
The sixth child. Married Daniel Faustino Cruz of Biñan,
Laguna.
Her nickname was Biang.
“‘ the confidant”

Jose Rizal
The second son and the seventh child. He was executed
by the Spaniards on December 30,1896.
His nickname was Pepe.

Concepcion Rizal
The eight child. Died at the age of three. Her death was
Rizal’s first sorrow in life
Her nickname was Concha.
“a dear loss”

Josefa Rizal
The ninth child. An epileptic, died a spinster at the age of
80.
Her nickname was Panggoy.
“katipunera”

Trinidad Rizal
The tenth child. Died a spinster and the last of the family
to die at the age of 83.
Her nickname was Trining.
“ the steward”

Soledad Rizal
She was the youngest of the Rizal children. Married to
Pantaleon Quintero of Calamba.
Her nickname was Choleng.
“the teacher”

Facts About Rizal

Fact #1
While exiled in Dapitan, he collected three species of animals:
Apogonia Rizali (Heller), a type of small beetle; Draco Rizali
(Wandolleck), a species of flying dragon; and Rachophorous
Rizali (Boetger), a species of toad.

Fact #2
Rizal once sent a love letter written in invisible ink to Leonor
Valenzuela, a tall girl from Pagsanjan. The message could only
be deciphered if you put the letter over a lamp or candle.
Leonor Valenzuela was one of Rizal’s first sweethearts.