D ite
page
& kow chemek
what ae principle of
mallqnany
Useel in 34s manaqement chemethHpy
neOtrolleck
Cances is cliseose cacutcieteizecl by growth
srecid of ccbnotmed cett în:body
Heve abilis to invacle neatby iSsue spre
Othe pasts of body C metisfcsis)?
ot evade momal. process of cel
Also clamcq ee
USe. apoptosis
umots cen stimatte qrowt of mew blood vessel
to grcclng tumes
to Supply crygen& nutrient Unlike
Cánces ces oiwn cellsmicrobes
Chemethestorp'y vse în its Hancuyemet
1) To ai m of cute. the disese by elimincting alL cenceN cell
e) -Cften qiven aft
aftet setqe oH adiation theapy to kil
any remauning cntey cee to
TecuHeNCe Cacdjuvent thecpy )
3). Tiven befone SiuMgexy oHaclicition
OHacliction to:shecink: tumoHS
mulking them eisier to gemoueCNon acuvent'thenapy)
4) used to ellieve Symptoms slòw tumo 90wth y mprve
patient'S quaiy Cpallictiwe thetapy)
Enlist type of cancet
leukaemicas [lymphoma iyem
SaMcoMcs,Bone, Soft Hssue)
Cuncen of byun spincl cavd
conat is, mast comnon.type' 6l maliqnancy weAlo
Toem0st common tyeof. cancey wetlcc
is lung ancet kkest 'bret
, btest
J
breust cance
CCaycinomas).
Daie
x Exploçn stages ef cantert
gpictly classitiee inte 5 shaqes based on hu
mueh it sprecc
Sys sed fay staging cancey is TNN SYs.
TCtumasy) Size & ertent of mCùn tumeM
N (NOcleg) ’ wheheH cancey Spreac to neby lymph
MMetustasis) ’. euhethe Cances Spaead t distan t
paset of bady
3 steqe
stoqe
Leail y) elotalized) CRegional sphead) ( Distant'phrod )
-Snall -nvasive "Ccincey Stayt atect surOUndin Spreccl btyond
Nass to afe t issue. E Spreac Ahe geqidn
No Spread to neastby tissue do olistant lymph HetastáHc
Iymph.node node. Qcuc
from nus s
Enlist elieqnostie test foy cancey 4 erplain Biapsy
3ymptoms Meclical Histuy
9physical etaminckion
33 Di_noslic trst
Imaging test
2.LahoMoteMy test
Biopsy Nolecula
4. Gteneic tes
Biopsy ’ G1sld Stol fon oliagnosis
Sample of tisSue is tken fo
SUSpected aecL exminec unde micmoscape
Needle biopsy Extract tissuecith neodle
Sungical biopsy Removal of paut oj el tumog
- Endoscapic biopsy useube
celonoScopy ft.-elorectel can ce
classte
Date
Pace
Xclassify Ave cor
Alkylatinq Aqent --tteg
Cyctophesphamicle
irogen MecttoeHhmi ne
MUSteMds
2. eHuylenelmine Thiotep
3. Allky Sulbnate Busulfcn
4, Ntvosowees e Lomustine
Tuzin e Dacevcbu zin
Antmetaloaile
1. folate ontagonist - Methotrerccte
2. pusin cntcqonist - 6-meceeptepuKine
3. Pyimicine, orntagonis
platinumm co-Qxclinction Compler - cisplcalin
* HiUYotebule dammaging cgen
1 VincC cukaleicls vingisin ; VinblcusHne
9.TaxXUnes Docetox e
E+oposicl e
Toppmeu0 1 8-TopcteseuL
Ansibioics Actinomycin O ,Hitomycin c
H0Sceleneeus - HydexeDU, Asenic tricxide
Dale
Paga
Tavqerecl duwgs
Nilctinib
Tyrosin prolein kincy e & - Imatinib,
EG|f retepBo (d Cétuximab
Sunitinib
Angio tenesis @ BoNtezomib
proteoSOMe -
Nonoclonal anHbocy Ritoximab
3) Houmonal ceugs
GlucocOMHcoicls precnisolon
Estraen - Ethinyl estrcucliol
SERMs Tamoxì fen
SER-clouon gegulctoscs - Fuwestran t
Aromateesec Letrozole Anustrozole.
5d- reductese g Anastei cde
GnRH ancloques NataueCin , leupraMelin
Pnestins Hydiexy progesteene ceetet e
-
Hechanisim of Aetio
’ nhibit çel ivison jn this cway
Cowse Ccunce cells toclie
1) A|kylcting Aqent ’ proclu CCUboniumie
LAlkylctian
TransfeL clkyl gr0upto cellulu maromolecule
Cawse aess inkingScission ot DNA strounc
Bone meHHO0
Inhibilion of DNA Synthesis
ADE Dw suppesion vephautoxicity, euotoxiei
Hemomhagie ystiHs cuyciotoxicitg infertityAlapeaia
Long 4esm is.Ise
Z myelodysp lash c syndtome
isk of cLute
isk of myelid ew kamicu
Are desiqn to aspecifically
atteclk cantey cell by inteyfesing
auith ke mclecule învalare, in tmeu qrawth4
progression
elassate
Date
Page
) Tyrosin kinase Inhibifou
yrosin kinase: enzyme phasphcu e q7op he in pratei
k as phephauylatlon ohicle megulade eeh qrouth
cUeuentiation 6 metcbelis
Tyrosin kincse înbibiBoxc bleck of this enzyme
Intetfeuing toith
eothtell signaling pthciag
ike
.JAk1stAl pathtiey promete
PI3K tAki ptht tell clvisi a
inhibit Cences cell pocifexotion
CCnte Cell eleoth
20 Angiogenesís Tnhibit0SL
cohen tummox ike tissue hewe law
cryge ievel it triggex. angioqenesis
Angiogenesi s
Relecuse. ongigqenic facko ike VEGHE inhibit
PD E C binol to. el: on enclathelicl
Cels J
CLctivcLte enclohelil cet &Couse
protifeCte
Endethei al cel. MSICnqe E fawm, k
meo blood vessel. C+ubulayenes )
New blco ch. vessel Supply Dz
mutrien t to tom alleuing
q0wth 6 metastasis
Date
Page
cOwse Syphili s 2 enlist cws
Cohich mícarD orqanism of yphilis
USecl in treotnent pallidom e spiochet.
Caused by Treponema
bacteic
Vse foy treatment
1 peniciin Ben ctine
Penicilin Gic.t)
2 Tetraeyclines Dorycyctin , Tetrayclin
Cfos peniciin
alleyqg.
Gohich micaro cnganism CeLwse GHonorhec ? enlist 'olwy
5edl in treatment of qonohecu
GHonominec Causecl by Neisseic gono
gram ve cliplococcus
frugs Use oy tre atment
Cephalospoxins, Cettricxone CIN ) cetiaime (ora)
Nacsoices
3. ElutOqUinolones
Azitasuomyin
eipro floKacin
Csauely usecd)
Pathophysiclagy of goneThee p'eicgicat
Gonoxheo is'coeised by neissescie
reatment opion
qonorrhoeoLe
transmitecl thsdoak sexUal contect C weqinal, cinal, axal
Bacteçc atoch to muOscl
membrne .protei ns
ce vsing pilti 4auee
which iOvade host ceLl
response Lecds to UYethitS tigged an inflcmnatotY
pelvit. întlummatexy diseose Cevicitis phatyngit
Ranely Bucteaia spread to
endo eactalits memingtis bloodstream cuslng athtis
Date
Page
(Eticpathoqe neis ot AIDS
Canse Cau Sed by Human immun odeficieny viTUS ohick
tqet E destrey CD4t tiells Cueoken immUne Sys
- HIVtransmi Hecl vic
" Unprotected SexUd con ta ct
Contninctec bloo cl ransfusion
Shung neecis.
Mothe - chlo tYnsmissio
atheqenesis
HIV entexs in bocy & bind to cDy rel. or
-cells sing qe 20 protein
The virus. conveES
transtiptcue
RNA ntoDNA
DN
Using Tewese
his ON fnteqrctes. into hest qenone vlc
inicqrase enzymne
The hcst cepraee wirli pratein E,
ASSEnble înto
înto me
mew viruS
JestruHon of cDy ceLlS leecls immune
Suppressi oM make bccley înfecte c
poctein patessin
Entr
ASsembly & budY
oncaettng Protease
action
Peyese 4ranstxiptse
Make doubie sttarcl Trans,
DMA
m RNA
Transcrfpiod
DNA Co4 vcleus E DeqrUt es
Plasmct. Hembrane
Date
Explain. Nechof action
ani xetravisalcwg
NRIIs C.Nucleosid e. ReveLse transCiriptase' Iribita)
ZideNvcine, Teno fauir,Lamivwdine
2
NNRTIsC NOn mucde0side RTI)
y EfawYenz, 'NeiTapint
3) Ppteuse înhibitor
y Ritonavin ) Atazcnawir
4) Inteqrase inhibitot
S Detegrawir, Rategravir
5 )
Entry inhibitax
6)fslon înhibitot Entuvitide.
Side eflects
1) NRTIs lactic acidasis, hepcto -to xicity
2)NNTI: Rash CNS toxicity
3). RProtease IibioH Hypelipiclemia, Tnsulin resistunte
GI ciStress
4) Integrase Insomia muscle pon
inhibitoH
6) fusion: înhibit. InËection site ean +
Pneuonic ísk.
alAssMate
Date
Page
NOA,
MoA NNRIIs is noncompetitive înhibitc cohicle substrtey
bincl to HIV 1 TeNeuse transciptes E ineluce
confaumctlonal chenge E Stop DNA Synthesis
Rash i
CNS toxicit CEêai rent)
Hepatottcitty
ehotis ole of pptease inhibitoy in HW trealnent 2
Tt inhbit prot eccse enzyme 4z preven'tin q virel.
pootein preLessin
