THE WORD
FORMATION
By Group 4
1. Irfan Ananta Mulyadi 2323001
2. Restu Rahmadani 2323006
3. Ghina Aulia 2323008
4. Zurriyatus Syakiro 2323022
COINAGE
One of the least common processss New words based on the name of a
pf word formation in English is person or a place are called
coinage, that is the invention of eponyms.
totally new terms.
Some eponyms are technical terms,
Most coinages start as brand names
based of the names of those who first
of products. Over time, they become
discovered or invented things.
generic terms used by everyone,
oven written in lowercase.
EXAMPLES OF COINAGE EXAMPLES OF EPONYMS
Aspirin Fahrenheit > from
Nylon Grabiel Fahrenheit
Vaseline Volt > from Alessandro
Zipper Volta
Kleneex (any tissues) Watt > from James
Xerox ( a verb mean 'to Watt
photocopy')
BORROWING
Borrowing that is the taking over of words from other languages.
1. Direct Borrowing
English has borrowed words from many languages:
- Croissant (French) - Sofa (Arabic)
- Dope (Persian) - Yogurt (Turkish)
- Piano (Italian) - Tattoo (Tahitian)
- Sofa (Arabic)
- Yogurt (Turkish)
- Tattoo (Tahitian)
BORROWING
2. Loan Translation (Calque)
A Calque is when a word is translated literally into
another language:
- Skyscraper - Superman > from German Ubermensch
> French: gratte-ciel - Loan word > from German Lehnwort
> German: Wolkenkratzer - Spanish > perros calientes 'hot dogs'
> Dutch: wolkenkrabber - Chinese > nan pengyu 'male friend'
COMPOUNDING
There is a joining of two separate words to produce a single form.
The resulting words are called compound words.
EXAMPLES:
N+N
1. Book+case: bookcase V+N Adv+V
2. Sun+light: Sunlight 1. Swim+suit: Swimsuit 1. Out+shine: Outshine
3.Water+melon: 2. Cry+baby: Crybaby 2.Over+take: Overtake
Watermelon
BLENDING
Blending isistypically
Blending typicallyaccomplished
accomplished by taking only the
by taking onlybeginning of one
the beginning
word
of oneand
word joining
and itjoining
into theitend
intoofthe
theend
word.
of the word.
Examples:
- Smoke+fog: Smog
- Breakfast+lunch: Brunch
- Motor+hotel: Motel
- Electronic+mail: E-mail
CLIPPING
The element of reduction that is noticeable in blending is even more
apparent in the process described as clipping.
This occurs when a word of more than one syllable is reduced to a
shorter form.
Examples:
- Ad > Advertisement
- Bra > Brassiere
- Fan > Fanatic
- Flu > Influenza
- Lab > Laboratorium
BACKFORMATION
A very specialized type of reduction process is known
as backformation.
Typically, a word of one type (usually noun) is reduced
to form a word of another type (usually verb).
Examples:
- Donation > Donate
- Emotion > Emote
- Enthusiasm > Enthuse
- Babysistter > Babysit
CONVERSION
A change in the function of a word, as for example
when a noun comes to be used as a verb (without any
reduction), is generally known as conversion.
Examples:
N>V
Adj > V/N
V > Adj :
1. Bottle > We bottled the
juice Stand up > Stand-
1. Dirty > To dirty the floor
2. Chair > She will chair the up Comedian 2. Crazy > A crazy (person)
meeting
ACRONYMS
Acronyms are new words formed from the initial letters
of a set of other words.
They can be pronounced by saying each letter.
Examples:
• NASA — National Aeronautics and Space Administration
• UNESCO — United Nations Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization
• FBI — Federal Bureau of Investigation
• HTML — HyperText Markup Language
THANK YOU!
