APPENDIX-18

DISSERTATION
SOCIAL MEDIA USAGE AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS AND LIFE

SATISFACTION

Submitted by
Haripriya P

ENROLMENT NUMBER:

2002910765

BPCE144

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of degree of

BACHELOR OF ARTS IN PSYCHOLOGY (HONS)

INDIRA GANDHI NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY MAIDAN GARHI, NEW

DELHI
 APPENDIX-19

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 APPENDIX-20

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 APPENDIX-21

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 APPENDIX-22

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 APPENDIX-23

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 EVALUATION SCHEME FOR DISSERTATION

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1. Introduction and Review of Literature 15
2. Rationale of the Study 5
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4. Results, Discussion and Conclusion 20
5. Implications, Future suggestions & 5
Limitations
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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This thesis would not have been possible without the help and support of a large number of

individuals. First and foremost, I would like to thank my family members, especially my

beloved parents, who have supported me during my research and helped me tremendously in

all ways possible. Without your continued help, support and guidance, this would never have

been possible. Thank you. I am deeply indebted to my supervisor Dr. Unnimol who provided

stimulating advice, guidance and encouragement to me every step of the way. I would like to

thank Athira mam in ST Joseph college also help the studies. I would also like to thank G.

Lenin who would keep me on my toes by requiring regular updates. Writing updates always

pushed me, by forcing me to quantify my progress and obtain critical feedback on a periodic

basis. Finally, I would especially like to thank all the college students that help with me in

this studies for complete it in a proper way.

1
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER 1:
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 2

CHAPTER 2:

RIEVEW OF
LITERATURE ........................................................................................................................................ 8

CHAPTER 3 :

RATIONALE OF THE
STUDY.................................................................................................................................................... 14

CHAPTER 4:
METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................................................. 16

CHAPTER 5:

RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION ......................................................................................................................................... 22

CHAPTER 6:

CONCLUSION AND
IMPLICATIONS ..................................................................................................................................... 26

CHAPTER 7:

DELIMITATIONS, LIMITATIONS AND FUTURE

SUGGESTIONS ...................................................................................................................................... 28

CHAPTER 8:

REFERENCE
&APPENDIX .......................................................................................................................................... 29
 ABSTRACT

Social media is a collective platform for websites and applications that focus on

communication, community based input, interaction, content sharing and collaboration. Now

a days the usage of social media is incredibly increasing. So that social media usage can have

adverse effect including life satisfaction. Life satisfaction is the evaluation of ones life as a

whole, not simply one‘s current level of happiness . Life satisfaction is likely to be

influenced by individuals, response to other parts social media parts. As social media usage

become an integral part in the day to day life. The aim to the study to understand the relation

between social media usage and life satisfaction among college students. A group of hundred

students age (18-26) were required to participate in the study and use random sampling

technique. The data was collected using Life satisfaction scale and prepared by Premila Singh

and Joseph 2001 and Mobile phone usage scale. The result shows that there was a negative

correlation between social media usage and life satisfaction among students.

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 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Social media is a collective term for websites and applications that focus on communication,

community based input, interaction, content sharing and collaboration. As human being are

social creature we need the companionship of others to thrive in life, and the strength of our

connections but a huge impact on our mental health and happiness. By socially connect we

can maintain our mental health to a good level. Now a days social media is the platform in

which people communicate. They maintain relationship mainly through these social media.

Not only relationship maintaining, social media has opened a great world of opportunity as

well as knowledge. It allow users have to have conversation, share information and create

with content etc.

Social media has enormous traction globally. Mobile applications make these platforms

easily accessible. Some popular examples of general social media platform include Twitter,

Facebook and Linkedin. Social media has made a greater role in the development in the field

of business as well. As a communication platform social media promotes customer feedback

and makes it easy for customers to share their experiences with a company. Social media is

also crowdsourcing. That‘s the practice of using social networking to gather knowledge,

goods or services. Companies use crowdsourcing to get ideas from employees, customers and

the general public for improving products or developing future products or services. Social

media have various other merits to. It makes a platform that let people easily communicate

and exchange ideas or content. Social media also helps entrepreneurs and artist‘s build an

audience for their works,. In some cases social media has eliminated the need for a

distributor, because anyone can upload their content and transact business online. There many

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types of social platforms. Social networks, people use to connect with one another and share

information with one another and share information, thought and ideas. In media sharing

networks focus is on content. For example, Youtube interaction is around videos that users

create other media sharing networks are Tiktok and instagram.If you are spending an

excessive amount of time on social media and feelings of sadness, dissatisfaction, frustration

or loneliness are impacting your life. While virtual interaction on social media doesn‘t have

the same psychological benefits as face to face contact, there are still many positive ways in

which it can help connected and support our wellbeing. Since it‘s a relatively new

technology, there‘s little research to establish the long term consequence, good or bad, of

social media use. However, multiple studies have found a strong link between heavy social

media and an increases risk for depression, anxiety, loneliness, self harm and even suicidal

thoughts.

Social media has grown to become one of the most commonly used types of media by

billions, and those aged 12-22 and in college are ―one of the heaviest users‖ of it.(Y.Wang,

Niya Mark, Reich & Warschauer, 2015,p.517). This study also notes that the current

generation of college aged students are the first to grow up with social media. Those students

utilize numerous forms of social media from Linkedin to facebook, Snapchat, Instagram and

Twitter.. Social media also affects life satisfaction as well. There are many examples for this.

Even if we know that images we are viewing on social media are manipulated, they can still

make us feel insecure about how we look or what us going on our own life. Similarly, we‘re

all aware that other people to share just the highlights of their lives, rarely the low points that

everyone experiences. But that doesn‘t lessen those feelings of envy and dissatisfaction when

you‘re scrolling through a friend‘s airbushed photos their tropical beach holiday or reading

about their exciting new promotion at work. There is a high chance to fear of missing

out(FOMO) and social media addiction. While FOMO has been around far longer than social

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media, sites such as facebook and instagram seem to exacerbate feelings that others are

having more fun or living better lives than you are. It will impact your self- esteem, trigger

anxiety, and fuel even greater social media use, much like an addiction. FOMO can compel

you to pick up your phone every few minutes to check for updates, or compulsively respond

to each and every alert-even if that means taking risks while you‘re driving, missing out on

sleep at night, or prioritizing social media interaction over real world relationships. Specific

amount of the time spent spend by everyone on social media or the frequency we check for

updates, or the frequency we check for updates may vary. If the use increase that indicates

we are becoming unhealthy. If you‘re motivated to use social media just because you‘re

bored or lonely, or want to post something to make others jealous or upset, it may be time to

reassess your social media habits. Indicators that social media may be adversely affecting our

mental health include spending more time on social media than with real world friends. Using

social media has become a substitute for a lot of our off-line social interaction. When we

become more addicted we may started to compare yourself unfavorably with others on social

media. Cyber bullying also may face on the social media.

Not only these bad effects, it may affect our daily living also. We may get distracted in our

work or studies that will lead to serious issues. So that we can find that the use of social

media can decrease life satisfaction. So this field if study is important because sociability is

an underlying theme in using forms of social media. Since this social media phenomenon is

continuing to grow at a fast pace, it is important to understand the effects it has on personal

communication. Social media networks offer a straightforward way to converse with peers

and get peer feedback as well, which may influences a young adults self esteem. For

example, facebook is used primarily by students to maintain relationships with individuals

they are acquainted with who live near and far. Facebook makes it simpler to communicate

with multiple people at one time. Social media may also make it easier for users to monitor

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activities of people they have not seen in a while as well as reconnecting with new and old

friends. A college student is the individual who is enrolled in a college for a particular course.

They are part of the institution to purse a course. These days it is almost impossible to meet

anyone without social media presence. The most booked audience is college students The

average college students spends 2 hours daily on social media platforms. However it is

important to note that there is a large number of them. Spending more time on social media

have both positive and negative effects on the college students.

Life satisfaction is a measure of persons well being measurement in the terms of moral

relationship, satisfaction achieved goals, self concepts and self perceived ability to cope with

life. Social Media experiences a rapid rise in recent years and step into almost every aspects

of peoples lives by altering their life styles and creating an impact on their well being. Social

media has been associated with the general decline in the life satisfaction and happiness.

Social media experiences a rapid raise in recent years and steps into almost every field of

peoples lives. By altering their lifestyles and creating an impact on their wellbeing through

the cognitive behavior model of pathological internet usage among the college students the

role of life satisfaction is reducing both general used. Internet addiction and social media

addiction is explored life satisfaction has significant effects on both generalized internet

addiction and the specific addiction to social media for addicted to individuals there may be

deep rooted issues in their lives.

NEED AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study is focused on the life satisfaction among college students who use social

media. The need for this study arises from the fact that the increasing use of social media and

the problems that arise in the life from it. Several studies have explored and confirmed the

association between social media usage and life satisfaction. Thereby the present study

5
identifies factors that are associated with lower life satisfaction among social media using

college students.

DEFINITION AND KEY TERMS

SOCIAL MEDIA

Social media is a internet based forms of communication. The term social in regard to media

suggests that platforms are user-centric and enable communal activity. As such, social media

can be viewed as online facilitators or enhancers of human networks—webs of individuals

who enhance social connectivity. It is a digital technology that facilitates the sharing of text

and multimedia through virtual networks and communities. Social media platforms users to

have conversations, share information and create with content. There are many forms of

social media including blogs, music blogs, Social networking sets instant merging and more.

Social media facilitates the sharing of ideas and information through virtual networks. From

Facebook and Instagram to Twitter and YouTube, social media covers a broad universe of

apps and platforms that allow users to share content, interact online, and build communities.

LIFE SATISFACTION

Life satisfaction is a measure of a person's overall well-being, assessed in terms of mood,

relationship satisfaction, achieved goals, self concepts and self-perceived ability to cope with

life. Life satisfaction involves a favourable attitude towards one's life—rather than an

assessment of current feelings. Life satisfaction has been measured in relation to economic

standing, degree of education, experiences, residence, and other factors.

Life satisfaction is a key part of subjective well-being. Many factors influence subjective

well-being and life satisfaction. Socio-demographic factors include gender, age, marital

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status, income, and education. Psychosocial factors include health and illness, functional

ability, activity level, and social relationships. Life satisfaction is not only more stable and

long-lived than happiness, it is also broader in scope. It is our general feeling about our life

and how pleased we are with how it‘s going. There are many factors that contribute to life

satisfaction from a number of domains, including work, romantic relationships, relationships

with family and friends, personal development, health and wellness, and others. People tend

to gain life satisfaction as they get older.

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 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Research is a process of systematic inquiry that entails collection of data; documentation of

critical information; and analysis and interpretation of that data/information, in accordance

with suitable methodologies set by specific professional fields and academic disciplines.

Research allows us to better understand the world around us, from the fundamental workings

of the universe to the intricacies of human behaviour. By conducting research, scholars can

uncover new information, develop new theories and models, and identify gaps in existing

knowledge that need to be filled. This knowledge can help students and teachers to better

understand the world around them and develop new solutions to the problems facing society.

It helps us identify and solve problems. It can help us find ways to improve our health,

protect the environment, reduce poverty, and develop new technologies. A literature

review provides an overview of current knowledge, allowing you to identify relevant theories,

methods, and gaps in the existing research. It also serves same basic important purpose such as

helping to void unnecessary repetition of findings that has already established and to understand the

tool which is used.

The present chapters deals with literature survey of the interesting volume of similar or related

subjects that helped in shaping the theorical portions of the project. The studies of the present work,

under status by the investigator and categorised in the following.

Syed Ali Raza, Wasim Qazi, Bushra Umer, and Komal Akram Khan (2020) studied

about Influence of social networking sites on life satisfaction among university students ie,

mainly among students of Pakistan. In their studies found that need for maintaining

interpersonal interconnectivity, entertainment value and social enhancement value derives the

8
students' participation in social networking sites through which they encounter social benefit

and social overload. The presence of social benefit enhances life satisfaction while social

overload results in decreasing life satisfaction of students. Using social networking sites

influences life satisfaction in the presence of social overload and social benefit while there is

no direct influence of social networking sites on life satisfaction was evidenced.

Bumsoo Kim (2019) study explored whether and how communication network

heterogeneity on social networking services (SNSs) is associated with college students‘

satisfaction with campus life. In particular, it examined the mediating role of social self-

efficacy in the relationship between SNS communication network heterogeneity and campus

life satisfaction and whether such indirect effects of SNS network heterogeneity on life

satisfaction via social self-efficacy are contingent upon college students‘ origins (in-state vs.

out-of-state). The findings show that having greater communication with heterogeneous

others on SNSs was positively associated with college students‘ satisfaction with campus life

and that the respondents‘ perceived social self-efficacy mediated the relationship between

SNS communication heterogeneity and campus life satisfaction. Furthermore, this indirect

effect of SNS communication network heterogeneity on campus life satisfaction through

social self-efficacy was stronger for in-state students than for out-of-state students.

Aleksandra M. Rogowska and Patrycja Libera (2022) studied about the mediating role

of loneliness in bidirectional life satisfaction–Instagram addiction association during the

COVID-19 pandemic for the first time. The research was performed when university students

were isolated from teachers and friends participating in remote online education. The

lockdown was related to several restrictions, including social isolation, wearing masks on the

face and one-time gloves, and avoiding people in shops and social centers to prevent a

coronavirus contagion. These restrictions and uncertain futures related to academic

9
achievement, economic status, or work and housing maintenance contributed to the

worsening well-being of university students. The research indicates that during the COVID-

19 pandemic, younger adults (aged 18–34) were more lonely than older participants, and

higher loneliness was predicted in those who reported more increased SMU. Loneliness also

decreased life satisfaction among young adults from South Africa during the COVID-19

pandemic. Unfortunately, the excessive use of social media may contribute to developing an

addiction by starting a vicious circle through loneliness-SMU reciprocal links used by people

to heighten well-being. The regression analysis showed that the bidirectional indirect effect

of Internet addiction on life satisfaction and life satisfaction on Instagram addiction was

presented only in women. The target groups for intervention and prevention programs are

women, lonely people, those at high risk of Instagram addiction, and dissatisfied with their

life. For men, low or moderate Instagram use can be an excellent strategy to maintain well-

being and avoid loneliness by replacing the offline social relationship with active online

communication with other people.

Meyran Boniel-Nissim (2022) studied about Problematic social media use among academic

students during the covid-19 pandemic .The studies indicate that covid- 19 outbreaks made

life challenging. For higher education students, the absence from the campus limited the

possibility for social gathering and decreased their sense of belonging and the opportunity to

receive support from their classmates. As a result, many have overused Social Media for

social and emotional gratification to fill this void. In contrast to intensive Social Media users,

the second type of users, defined as problematic, might have different motives for social

media overuse that can be linked to pathological characteristics. Addictive like behaviour is

linked to isolation from society. In this case, Social Media acts as an escape tool from the

worls and not means for social connectedness and social support.

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 Qahtan Q. Mohammed (2020) studied about Association between Social Media Addiction and

Life Satisfaction among University Student. The studies aims to assess the level of social

media addiction and the level of life satisfaction among university students; and to determine

the association between social media addiction and life satisfaction. The studies conducted on

200 college students. The result referred that student are showing moderate level of social

media addiction (60%) and moderate level of life satisfaction (66.5%). there is strong positive

correlation between life satisfaction and social media addiction among. The study concluded

that social media addiction is positively influence the life satisfaction evidenced by positive

association

Cengiz ŞAHIN (2017) Studied about the Predictive Level of Social Media Addiction for

Life Satisfaction: A Study on University Students. It indicated that the students‘ level of

social media addiction is low while their level of life satisfaction is moderate. A significant

negative correlation was observed between the students‘ life satisfaction and social media

addiction and their average scores on virtual tolerance and virtual communication defined

here as the sub dimensions social media addiction. Social media addiction and its sub

dimensions show a high-level positive intercorrelation. The mentioned sub dimensions are

significantly coherent with each other. The more the participants are addicted to social media,

the less they are satisfied with life. there is a low-level, negative and noticeable relationship

between social media addiction and life satisfaction. Social media addiction is an important

variable in predicting life satisfaction. Social media addiction affects life satisfaction of

university students in a negative way to a significant extent. The number of studies

examining the effects of social media on people in both Turkey and abroad is limited. We

think it is worthwhile to carry out similar studies using different samples and variables.

Veysel Bozkurt1 , Aşkın Keser, Haluk Zülfikar (2019) studied about Factors

Predicting Life Satisfaction Among Social Media Users. In this research, being in a social

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relationship is of critical importance, and social media is a social network. For many people

who cannot find happiness in real life, social media is where happiness is sought. A

significant number of people join social networks for more social relationships (and more life

satisfaction). However, the greater the duration of social media use, the lower the satisfaction

with life. This research was conducted at a time when the Turkish economy was very

unstable, and economic concerns seem to have affected the life satisfaction of the

respondents. People who believe that the economy is moving in a positive direction are also

people with high life satisfaction. Likewise, people who think that the future will be better for

them will have higher life satisfaction. However, although there was a statistically significant

correlation between the duration of social media usage and age variable in the correlation

analysis, in the regression analysis the effect became insignificant.

Zeynep KarataşKıvanç Uzun, Özlem Tagay ( 2021) studied about Relationships Between

the Life Satisfaction, Meaning in Life, Hope and COVID-19 Fear for Turkish Adults During

the COVID-19 Outbreak.The study, meaning in life, the sub-dimensions of hope (actuating

thinking and alternative ways thinking) significantly predict life satisfaction but COVID-19

fear, age, gender and the presence of people infected with COVID-19 around aren‘t

significantly predict life satisfaction in adults. The danger is very direct, rapid and

unpredictable today due to the epidemic. This affects the whole world. The attention,

thoughts and feelings of individuals are mostly controlled by direct danger signals seen in

mass media in the form of images and facts. Often, these signals quickly arouse fear

responses and increase disaster-related thoughts, leading to an increase in the expectation of

the worst possible scenarios. The results of the current study show that hope and meaning in

life foster life satisfaction even during an epidemic.

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 Elisa Bergagna, Stefano Tartaglia(2018) studied about Self-Esteem, Social

Comparison, and Facebook Use. This study aimed to investigate whether the relationship

between self-esteem and the amount of time on Facebook could be mediated by a tendency

towards social comparison. Moreover, three different modalities of Facebook use were

distinguished, i.e., social interaction, simulation, and search for relations. Because of gender

differences in technology use and social comparison, the mediation models were tested

separately for males and females. Data were collected by means of a self-report questionnaire

with a sample of 250 undergraduate and graduate Italian students . It revealed the role of

orientation to social comparison in mediating the relations between low self-esteem and some

indicators of Facebook use, i.e., daily hours on Facebook and the use of Facebook for

simulation. For females, the use of Facebook for social interaction was directly influenced by

high self-esteem and indirectly influenced by low self-esteem. Globally, the dimension of

social comparison on Facebook emerged as more important for females than for males.

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 CHAPTER 3

RATIONALE OF THE STUDY

Social media experience a rapid rise in recent years and steep into almost every aspect of

people's lives by altering their lifestyles and creating an impact on their wellbeing. The

purpose of the present study is to examine the influence of Social media usage on life

satisfaction among college students by first exploring what are the key gratifications which

motivates them to engage in Social media and then focusing on the psychological outcomes

including social overload and social benefit from using Social media that affects life

satisfaction among the college going students. The study mainly conducted in Kottayam,

Alappuzha and Thrissur districts of Kerala. As the use of social media is increasing day by

day , mainly after the covid pandemic there is a great significance in the study of social media

addiction. The use of social media is more common today. As it have both positive and

negative effects it is need to study the level of usage. Here the study conducted among

college going students to study how it affects their studies. To know whether it affect

positively or negatively in their studies.

As we know life satisfaction is important as a social citizen this study also conducted to

verify the life satisfaction among the college students as well. Overall life satisfaction has

been one of the most established and extensively studied social-psychological paradigms in

the online social networking literature. Generally, overall life satisfaction refers to the holistic

cognitive judgment and evaluation of personal living circumstance and quality, which could

be either positive or negative Social media or life satisfaction correlation. So in this study

also compare these two factors ie, how the use of social media affect the life satisfaction

among the college going students. As the college going students are the representatives the

14
present youth we can access how the social media affect the generation and can find proper

solutions to resolve these problems. As mentioned above this study has a great importance in

the present time as well is the future also. It will help to find solutions to improve the life

satisfaction and the government can take proper actions according this studies also.

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 CHAPTER 4

METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH PROBLEM

The present chapter endears to represent the method and procedure adopted to find life

satisfaction among college students by mobile usage.

OBJECTIVES

 To measure the effect of using social medial usage in studies of student life.

 To measure the effect of social media usage in life satisfaction context of some

intermediate variables such a social comparison, envy and self-esteem.

 To study the level of social media usage considering University students of kerala as a

Platform.

 Statically analysis technique employed for analysis of collected data.

HYPOTHESIS

 There will be a significant relationship between social media usage and life satisfaction

among the college students of kerala.

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RESEARCH DESIGN

The present research was descriptive in nature. Among the important methods to conduct

descriptive research, the survey method was employed in the study. Standardised and well

established tool was used for purpose. Random sampling techniques was used for the purpose

of the purpose of sample selection. Scoring was done as per manual. The data were analysed

and findings are reported systemically.

SAMPLE

The sample for the study comprised 100 samples selected between the age group (18-26). The

present study includes the college students from Kerala and no outsiders are included.

INCLUSION CRITERIA

 Age range from 18-26 are included in the study.

 Respondents who have sufficient language ability are included in the study.

People who were physically and mentally stable are included in the study.

ENCLUSION CRITERIA

 Age groups below 18 years and above 26 years were excluded in the study.

 College students who don‘t use social media are also excluded from the study.

 Respondents who haven‘t sufficient ability are excluded from the study.

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MEASURES USED IN THE STUDY

For collecting the required data, the following measures are used

 Demographic data sheet

Life satisfaction sacle

 Mobile phone usage scale

DEMOGRAPHIC DATA SHEET

Demographic data helps us to deepen our knowledge of the target audience, and to create our

buyer personas. It is primarily used to strategically tailor offerings to specific target groups,

and can serve as the basis for business analysis and performance reporting. Demographic data

is information about groups of people according to certain attributes such as age, sex, and

place of residence. It can include socioeconomic factors such as occupation, family status, or

income.

LIFE SATISFACTION SCALE

A satisfaction performance scale asks participants to consider the adequacy/performance of a

product or experience. It can be presented as an overall judgment or more specifically about

attributes four-point scale adapted from a self-reported health rating scale.

Life satisfaction scale prepared by Premila Sing and Joseph (2001) are used here. The scale

consist of 35 items rated from 1(Strongly disagree) to 5 (Stongly agree). There responses

were scored by using LIKERTS summated rating system. The 4 dimensions measured by the

18
scale are considering life meaningful, hollering a partive self image. Having a happy and

optimistic look feeling success in achieving goals. The dimensions can be referred to as

current life satisfaction.

SOCIAL MEDIA USAGE SCALE

This scale is actually based on the purpose of social networking sites usage. The investigator

collected variety of information about usage of mobile phone among college students.

Through internet journals, books, previous studies, interviews with students, teachers and

from others from the field of education. The summated assessment procedure proposed by

LIKERT (1986) was used to develop the present scale the researcher identified 22 items

related to social networking average from previously developed instruments. Those were

aligned they could all be considered using 0-5 point Likerts scale, with each statement readed

on five numbers ( always-5, often-4, sometime-3, rarely-2 and never-1).

SOCRING

After established a good rapport with individuals and ensuring a clear understanding of

instructions, subject were used to reopened to items in the questionnaire. The life satisfaction

scale consist of items. Each items is to be rated on the five point scale Always, Often,

sometimes, rarely and Never which is respectively scored as 5,4,3,2, and 1. The items date to

individuals around activities and thus given a global picture of ones life satisfaction scale.

The higher the score on the life satisfaction scale, it having higher life satisfaction. The test

highest reliability is 0.91. Validity of the life satisfaction scale us 0.83 with face and content

validity.

19
PROCEDURE

The respondents are identified and approached individually and established good rapport to

make them feel comfortable. The scale was administrated according to standard instructions.

College students were chosen belonging to both gender randomly. The subject were

conducted through anime and of time made establish a good rapport to make feel

comfortable. They are assumed about confidently of the response. A brief introduction of the

topic was given and questionnaire was administrated. Instruments were clearly present in the

beginning of the test. They were requested to be honest in their response. After data

collection, data was consolidated.

STATICAL ANALYSIS OF DATA

KARL PEARSON CORRELATION COEFFICIENT

The Pearson correlation coefficient represents the relationship between the two variables,
measured on the same interval or ratio scale. It measures the strength of the relationship
between the two continuous variables. The coefficient not only states the presence or absence
of the correlation between the two variables but also determines the exact extent to which
those variables are correlated. It is independent of the unit of measurement of the variables
where the values of the correlation coefficient can range from the value +1 to the value -1.
However, it is insufficient to tell the difference between the dependent and independent
variables. It is independent of the unit of measurement of the variables. For example, suppose
the unit of measurement of one variable is in years while the unit of measurement of the
second variable is in kilograms. In that case, even then, the value of this coefficient does not
change. The correlation coefficient between the variables is symmetric, which means that the
value of the correlation coefficient between Y and X or X and Y will remain the same. There
are 3 assumptions of Karl Pearson‘s coefficient of correlation:

1. Assumption 1: The variables x and y are linearly related.

20
 2. Assumption 2: There is a cause-and-effect relationship between factors affecting the
values of the variables x and y.
3. Assumption 3: The random variables x and y are normally distributed.

DEGREE OF CORRELATION

o Perfect: If the value is near ± 1, then it is said to be a perfect correlation: as one

variable increases, the other variable tends to also increase (if positive) or decrease (if
negative).
o High degree: If the coefficient value lies between ± 0.50 and ± 1, then it is said to be a
strong correlation.
o Moderate degree: If the value lies between ± 0.30 and ± 0.49, then it is said to be a
medium correlation.
o Low degree: When the value lies below + .29, then it is said to be a small correlation.
o No correlation: When the value is zero.
o Karl Pearson‘s correlation coefficient is calculated as the covariance of the two

variables divided by the product of the standard deviation of each data sample. It is

the normalization of the covariance between the two variables to give an interpretable

score.

o Karl Pearson‘s correlation coefficient formula is given below:

21
 CHAPTER 5

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Analysis of data refers to simplifying the complex data into the table format and

putting the data together in new arrangement in order to determine natural facts or meaning.

The researcher deals this chapter with systematic statistical analysis of the collected data and

that are presented in a detailed manner.

The final and most critical part of the analysis process is interpretation. Interpretation

involves explaining the findings, answering ‗Why‘ questions, attaching significance to

particular results, and putting patterns into an analytic framework. It is tempting the rush into

creative work of interpreting the data before doing the detailed, hard work to putting together

coherent answers to major descriptive questions (Patton, 1990). The process of interpretation

is not a simple routine mechanical process it is a careful, logical, and critical examination of

the results of analysis considering all the limitations of the study. Interpretation is the critical

examination of results of one‘s analysis in the light of all the limitations of data gathering‘

(Burns, 2000).

The major objective of the present study was, to find out the significant relationship

between social media usage and life satisfaction among college students. The statistical

techniques adopted were Arithmetic mean, standard deviation and examines the relationship

Karl Pearson‘s Productive moment co-efficient of correlation was used. The data collected

for the present study were analyzed to throw light on the objectives of this study. The

analysis and interpretation of data are presented below. To test the hypothesis the level of

significance was set at 0.05 levels.

Table 5.1

22
 College Students

N Mean SD

Social media usage 100 73.24 2.37

Life satisfaction 100 127.41 3.66

Table 5.1 indicates that mean and standard deviation of social media usage among college

students was 73.24 & 2.37. Mean and standard deviation of life satisfaction among college

students was 127.41 & 3.66.

Figure 5.1

Graphical representation of social media usage and life satisfaction among college students

College Students

140
120
127.41
100
80
60 73.24
40
20
0
Social Media Use Life Stisfation

23
Table 5.2

Inter Relationship of social media usage and life satisfaction among college students

Sl.No Variables N Pearson Correlation ( r ) Sig. (2- tailed)

1 Social media usage 100

-0.89 0.0001
2 Life Satisfaction 100

Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2 – tailed)

Table 5.2 shows that there was a negative correlation between Social media usage and

Life Satisfaction. The Social media usage was negatively related to the Life Satisfaction

because the coefficient correlation value (-0.89) was statistically significant at 0.05 level of

confidence, r (98) = -0.89, P = 0.0001.

Figure 5.2

Scatterd Diagram of social media usage and life satisfaction among college students

College Students
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110

Figure 5.2 Shows that the scattered diagram of Social media usage on X axis and Life

Satisfaction on Y axis. The above graph revels that there was a negative correlation exists

between Social media usage and Life Satisfaction among college students. Hence we

24
conclude that if Social media usage increased the Life Satisfaction decreased among college

students.

Discussion of findings

Table 5.1 indicates that mean and standard deviation of social media usage among

college students was 73.24 & 2.37. Mean and standard deviation of life satisfaction among

college students was 127.41 & 3.66.

Table 5.2 shows that there was a negative correlation between Social media usage and

Life Satisfaction. The Social media usage was negatively related to the Life Satisfaction

because the coefficient correlation value (-0.89) was statistically significant at 0.05 level of

confidence, r (98) = -0.89, P = 0.0001.

Figure 5.2 Shows that the scattered diagram of Social media usage on X axis and Life

Satisfaction on Y axis. The above graph revels that there was a negative correlation exists

between Social media usage and Life Satisfaction among college students. Hence we

conclude that if Social media usage increased the Life Satisfaction decreased among college

students.

Discussion of hypothesis

In the beginning investigator formulated the hypotheses that there will be no

significant relationship between Social media usage and Life Satisfaction among college

students. Statistical analysis proved that there was a negative correlation between Social

25
media usage and Life Satisfaction. The Social media usage was negatively related to the Life

Satisfaction. Hence reject the null hypothesis.

CHAPTER 6

CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS

This chapter comprises the resume of the study, implications of the study, limitations of the

study, suggestions for the further research, then ability of the study and conclusion.

RESUME OF THE STUDY

There are several studies conducted in the area of life satisfaction and social media usage.

The present study was conducted to investigate whether there is any relationship between

social media usage and life satisfaction.

Research population consists of college students ranging with age group (18-

26). Simple random technique was used to select a sample comprised of the college students.

Life satisfaction scale and social media usage scale were administrated to college students.

The collected data was analysed using appropriate statistical technique such as Karl Pearsons

Correlation coefficient. The use of social media by Kerala youth to maintain connections

among them predicts lower life satisfaction. This study concurs with the findings of the

literature that suggest that some behavioural and social problems are likely to arise from the

frequent use of social media. Results of the study assured the mediating role of social

comparison and envy in increasing the negative impact of social media use on life satisfaction,

while self-esteem leads to reducing this negative impact. The demographic variables of the

26
sample such as sex and age have no effect, and the other variables like the monthly income

and the type of platform that respondents used have a low effect.

IMPLICATION OF THE STUDY

Based on the result obtained in the present study, the following implications were

enumerated.

There is a negative correlation in life satisfaction among college students due to social

media usage. College students who having higher use of social media may have lesser life

satisfaction.

CONCLUSION

Social Media usage has greater influences in our day to day life. The study is focused on life

satisfaction among college students with respect to social media usage. There is a negative

correlation between social media usage and life satisfaction among college students. Hence

the hypothesis is rejected.

27
 CHAPTER 7

LIMITATIONS AND FUTURE SUGGESTIONS

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

Depute all the attempts to conduct the study successfully and systematically, the study has the

following limitations.

1. Sample size is relatively small, therefore the result cannot be generalised.

2. The study conducted in Kerala only.

3. The study examined only in the age group of 18-26 years.

SUGGETIONS FOR FURTHER STUDY

Suggestions for the further study research on the present topic may include the following

1. As the sample size is consist only the individuals of kerala only future studies

based the same topic can includes individuals out of kerala.

2. The study conducted among the age group of 18-26 .The other age category

are excluded. So unable to find the result among those age group. In further

studies we can include broader age group.

3. The sample size is very small compared to the population size of kerala. We

only considered 100 sample. In future studies can consider large number of

sample.

4. We can add more variable to the study in future.

28
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33
 APPENDIX

PERSONAL DATA SHEET

1) Name:

2) Age :

3) Gender:

4) Educational Qualification:

34
 SOCIAL MEDIA USAGE SCALE
Final Study

Instructions

Read all the statements and choose the suitable option according to your state.

The option have : Always=5, Often=4, Sometimes=3,Rarely=2 and Never=1

SI STATEMENTS 5 4 3 2 1
NO
I use Social media
1 To do research work
2 For study discussion
3 To share materials for exam
4 For group learning
5 To bond with others
6 To maintain my relationship
7 To improve my communication skills
8 To connect with old friends and relatives
9 To pass time
10 To view reviews
11 For gaming
12 To post my entertainment videos
13 To sing along with singers
14 To know national politics
15 To know day to day social happenings
16 To get authentic information
17 To create meaningful interaction
18 To give opinion to problematic issues

35
19 By postponing my routine works for spending more time on the
social media

20 Even while I have to study

21 As an addiction
22 Even if it spoil my privacy
23 Without considering my friends

36
 LIFE SATISFACTION SCALE

Instructions: On the papers a list of 35 statements related to day life is given. You are

requested to read each statement carefully and also see to what extent that statement is

applicable in your care. For indicating the degree of applicability a five-point scale is given

against each statement like below.

SI NO Statements Always Often Sometimes Rarely Never

1 I set realistic
goal for myself
2 I, on the
whole, enjoy
my life
3 I enjoy
whatever I do
4 I enjoy
whatever the
way I live
5 I believe life
for living
6 I am satisfied
with the work I
do
7 I feel am a
succeed person
8 I obtain
pleasure from
domestic
affairs
9 I feel proud in

37
 my children
success
10 I love to set
myself
involved in
leisure
activities
11 I feel happy
when I achieve
my goals
12 I am very
much
optimistic
about my
future
13 I consider my
job as a less
demanding and
more convenial
14 I think I am a
self-made man
15 I set priorities
by planning the
day
16 I enjoy taking
part of social
activities
17 I involve
sometimes
communities
activities
18 Money making
is not only

38
 motive of my
life
19 I want to make
use of my
skills to
improve the
quality of my
life
20 I want rise my
standard of
living
21 I take lite as it
comes
22 I think I am
capable of
fulfill the
demand of my
life
23 I feel I have a
healthy sense
as self
24 I hold
optimistic
attitude
towards life
25 I maintain self-
respect in
different roles
26 I understand
my strength
and weakness
27 I believe in
self-help and

39
 self sufficiency
28 I have a lot of
control over
my life
29 I never leave a
job unfinished
30 I am interested
in sports
activities
31 I can solve my
problems
effectively
32 I derive
satisfaction
from whatever
I do
33 I believe am a
healthy person
34 I can fulfill
leadership
35 I am a
courageous
person

40