VOCABULARY

UNIT 1

Treat-to behave toward someone in a particular way (обращение)

Interact-to communicate with someone or sth

Care for-to look after someone(usually a young, sick,or old person)

Aggressive- acting in a forceful or competitive way

Criticizing-to speak badly of someone/sth

Conflict-a serious disagreement

Motivation-a feeling of being excited to do sth

Ambitious-wanting to be successful

Behavior- the way someone acts

Status-an individual's position within a group

If an interaction is beneficial, it is useful.

A rival is someone you are competing with.

If you intimidate people, you make them feel frightened enough to do what you want
them to do.

If you have strong bonds with someone, you feel very connected to them.

Maternal-like a mother

Slaughtered-to kill in large numbers

Caretakers-a person responsible for looking after someone or sth (смотрители)

Reintroduction-the act of putting sth back into an environment where it once was

Generally-usually

Intense-very great/extreme
Extended families-a group that includes uncles,cousins,grandparents

Social structures-the way a group of people or animal is organized

Gender-the characteristics of being male/female

Establish-to create/start sth that will last a long time

Discipline- to train someone to follow rules or codes of behavior

Observed- to notice something after looking closely

Replace- to have something new or different instead of the original

Previously- before the time period that you are talking about

Hyenas live in groups with a strict pecking order.

Researchers saw the baby chimp mimicked her mother’s behavior

A mother emperor penguin protects her offspring from the antarctic cold by keeping it
under a warm layer of freathered skin

It is difficult to study animals in the wild,but it is easy to study animals in captivity

UNIT 2

Suspect-a person who the police think may be guilty of a crime

Committed-to carry out(usually sth illegal or bad

Determine-to find out sth by researching or calculation

Heals-gets better,becomes healthy

Reveal-to uncover sth that is hidden (раскрывать)

Mysterious-things that are impossible to explain or understand

Detectives-people whose job is to solve crimes

Analysis-to look closely at sth

Examine-the process of studying sth carefully

Prove-to show that sth is true/accurate

Preserved-to keep in a good state сохраненный

Insights-an accurate understanding of something

Genes-a part of DNA that contains the information for the physical

characteristics of a person, animal, or plant

Your identity is who you are. If you obtain (получать) something, you get it. You can
use moreover to mean “in addition.” If something is unclear, it is not definite or easy to
understand. If you mention something, you say something about it. If you suffer from
(ауыру) something, you are badly affected by it. If you carry out a job or a task, you do
it or finish it. A sample of something is a small amount that shows characteristics of the
whole thing. An archaeologist is a person who finds and examines objects from the
past. A combination of two or more things is the result of putting those things together.

UNIT 3

Urban-(adj) related to a city

Growth-(n) the process of increasing

Dense-(adj) having a large number of people and buildings close together (плотный)

Aspect-(n) a part or side of something

Spread out-(v) to cover a huge area

Income-(n) money that a person earns

Productive-(adj) able to achieve a significant amount or result

Tend to-(v) to usually do something or be a certain way (склонен к)

Concentration-(n) a huge amount or number of something in one place

Suburb-(n) an area outside of a large city that has homes and businesses

the act of supplying goods (пригород)

Distribution — (n) the act of supplying goods (распределение или поставка

LEDs — (n) a device that produces light, usually used in electronics (светодиоды).

Carbon-neutral — (adj) adding no more carbon to the atmosphere than the amount
you take in (углеродно-нейтральный, не создающий дополнительного выброса
углерода).

Hydroponic farming — (n) a method of growing plants in mineral-rich water

1. Attempt — (n/v) to try to do something (попытка или пытаться).

2. Basically — (adv) in the most important ways or at its core (в основном, по сути).

3. Consumption — (n) the act of using something (потребление).

4. Enhance — (v) to improve or make better (улучшать, усиливать).

5. Industrial — (adj) related to factories or production (промышленный).

6. Increasingly — (adv) more and more over time (всё больше и больше).

7. Majority — (n) more than half of a group (большинство).

Phenomenon — (n) something that is observed or happens, especially something

Safety — (n) the condition of being protected (безопасность).

Varied — (adj) having different types or options (разнообразный) (n)

Things that draw people to a city make them want to go there.

When people flock to a place, they go in large numbers.

Relative to something means in comparison with.

If information pops out, you notice it more because it is obvious.

Slums are parts of cities where living conditions are very poor.

UNIT 4

Hazards-danger
Throughout-in every part

Disasters-a sudden event that causes suffering and loss

alerts – (v) to warn

forecasts – (v) to predict (прогноз)

destruction – (n) severe damage

get out – (v) to leave; to escape

affordable – (adj) not too expensive

effectively – (adv) in a way that works well

deadly – (adj) so dangerous that it can cause death

If someone has documented something-they have made a record of it.

If you are sensitive to the surrounding environment-you are aware of what is happening
around you.

If something is subtle- it is not easy to notice.

When someone prompts you to do something-they make you act in that way.

When something blows you away-it impresses you greatly.

Moist-a little wet

Catastrophic-extremely bad/destructive

Diameter-the length of a straight line drawn through the center of a circle

A strong hurricane can result in the destruction of a(n) entire (целый) city.

The smoke and ash from a volcanic eruption (извержение) can spread over vast
(огромный)areas of land.

Since 1659, the Central England Temperature series has kept a(n) continuous record
of temperatures in parts of England.

Natural disasters often threaten (угрожать) the lives of many people when they occur
in highly populated places.
Earthquakes occur when pressure inside Earth’s crust accumulates (накапливается)
over time and is then released. Large earthquakes can create huge cracks in roads and
cause buildings to shake violently and collapse (крах).

In 2011, an earthquake and a tsunami caused several nuclear reactors in Japan to

UNIT 5

Maintain-to keep in good condition

Economy- the system by which a government’s industry and money are organized

Distinctive-special; very different

Earn money-to get money to pay for things that you need

Partnerships-(n) a way of working with another person, group, or organization

Alternative-(n) something you can choose instead of another thing

Preserve-to protect from harm

Necessary-essential,required

Sustainable-able to continue in the long time (устойчивый)

Harmful-damaging,dangerous

revenue – (n) money that a company or an organization receives (доход)

contaminants – (n) a substance that makes something unsuitable for use

ruining – (v) to destroy or severely damage something

wake-up call – (n) an event that is serious enough to make people aware of a big
problem

objective – a goal

comfort – (n) a state of ease or well-being

awareness – (n) knowledge that something exists

vital – necessary or extremely important

enriching – providing more appreciation or enjoyment (обогащать)

official – relating to a government or an organization

landmarks – building or structure with historical or cultural significance

spiritual – relating to a higher purpose rather than just material needs

ecological – relating to the relationship between living things and their surroundings