ENERGY STAR® Guide for Restaurants

Putting Energy into Profit

 ENERGY STAR®, a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
program, helps us all save money and protect our environment
through energy efficient products and practices. For more
information, visit www.energystar.gov.

Contents Page
Energy Efficiency and Your Restaurant.................................................................................. 1
Cooking Appliances................................................................................................................ 2
Refrigeration Systems and Ice Machines................................................................................ 4
Lamps and Lighting Fixtures................................................................................................... 5
Heating, Cooling, and Ventilation............................................................................................ 6
Water and Waste Management.............................................................................................. 7
Begin the Process, Learn More, and Save!............................................................................. 8

IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
PG&E Food Service Technology Center is the industry leader in commercial kitchen energy efficiency and appliance-performance testing as
well as a leading source of expertise in commercial kitchen ventilation and sustainable building design.
National Restaurant Association’s Conserve initiative explores conservation efforts in restaurants around the nation and offers suggestions
and resources to help operators reduce their costs and improve their environmental performance.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This best-practices guide was created with the assistance of California’s four investor-owned utilities (Southern California Gas Company,
Pacific Gas and Electric Company, San Diego Gas and Electric Company, and Southern California Edison). These energy suppliers are
working together to provide comprehensive energy efficiency resources for California’s food service industry, including, but not limited
to, the following resources: rebates for cooking and refrigeration equipment, food-service-specific seminars and workshops, Web tools,
energy audits, appliance testing, and energy education centers. The California energy-efficiency research and educational programs
are funded by California ratepayers under the auspices of the California Public Utilities Commission and are administered by the four
investor-owned utilities.

www.socalgas.com/business www.pge.com/fstc www.sdge.com/foodservice www.sce.com/CTAC

Disclaimer: all energy, water, and monetary savings listed in this document are based upon average savings for end
users and are provided for educational purposes only. Actual energy savings might vary based on use and other factors.
 FIVE EASY STEPS TO SAVE ENERGY AND WATER
Install ENERGY STAR qualified light bulbs Perform walk-in refrigerator
1 and light fixtures throughout your restaurant
where appropriate.
4 maintenance: check and replace door gaskets;
clean evaporator and condenser coils; check
refrigerant charge.

Install a high-efficiency pre-rinse spray

2 valve in your dishroom and save hundreds of dollars
a year!
5 Select ENERGY STAR qualified
equipment, especially to replace worn-out cooking
and refrigeration equipment.

Fix water leaks immediately— especially Get additional easy to

3 hot water leaks: wasted water, sewer, and water
heating costs can add up to hundreds of dollars a year.
implement tips at:
http://conserve.restaurant.org

Energy efficiency is a sound business practice that improves profitability, reduces greenhouse
gas emissions, and conserves natural resources. This guide is designed to help your restaurant
save energy and water and boost your bottom line while helping to protect the environment.

Example of the Average Energy

ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND YOUR RESTAURANT Consumption in a Full-Service Restaurant
(British Thermal Units [Btu])
Restaurants use about 5 to 7 times more energy per square foot
than other commercial buildings, such as office buildings and
Sanitation
retail stores. High-volume quick-service restaurants (QSRs) may 18%
even use up to 10 times more energy per square foot than other
commercial buildings. Food
Preparation
Most commercial kitchen appliances are energy intensive. For Refrigeration 35%
6%
instance, a typical electric deep fat fryer uses more than 18,000
kilowatt-hours (kWh) of energy per year, which could cost you
more than $1,700 in electricity.
Lighting
As energy costs increase, investing in energy efficiency is the best 13%
way to protect your business against these rising prices.
HVAC
You can reduce your restaurant’s energy consumption by following 28%
the Cost Saving Tips outlined below and throughout this guide:
„„ Maintain and repair. Leaky walk-in refrigerator gaskets, freezer
„„ Select ENERGY STAR qualified appliances. If you’re in the
market for new equipment, think in terms of life-cycle costs, doors that do not shut, cooking appliances that have lost their
which include purchase price, annual energy costs, and other knobs—all these “energy leaks” add up to money wasted each
long-term costs associated with the equipment. While high- month. Don’t let everyday wear and tear drive up your energy bills.
efficiency appliances could cost more up front, significantly „„ Cook wisely. Ovens tend to be more efficient than rotisseries;
lower utility bills can make up for the price difference. Be griddles tend to be more efficient than broilers. Examine your
sure to ask your dealer or kitchen designer to supply you with cooking methods and menu; find ways to rely on your more
ENERGY STAR qualified equipment. energy-efficient appliances to cook for your customers.
„„ Cut idle time. If you leave your equipment ON when it is not „„ Recalibrate to stay efficient. The performance of your kitchen
performing useful work, it costs you money. Implement a equipment changes over time. Thermostats and control
startup/shutdown plan to make sure you are using only the systems can fail, fall out of calibration, or be readjusted. Take
equipment that you need, when you need it. the time to do a regular thermostat check on your appliances,
refrigeration, dish machines, and hot water heaters and reset
them to the correct operating temperature.
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COOKING APPLIANCES Fryers
Energy-efficient fryers that have earned the ENERGY STAR
When replacing old appliances or buying new ones, look beyond
offer shorter cook times, faster temperature recovery times, and
the sticker price. Buying and installing equipment that has earned
ultimately higher pound-per-hour production rates through advanced
the ENERGY STAR could trim hundreds of dollars from your annual
burner and heat exchanger designs. Some models also offer an
utility bills. In order to realize the most savings from your ENERGY
insulated fry pot, which reduces standby losses, giving the fryer a
STAR qualified equipment, you must train your staff to use energy
lower idle energy rate.
wisely by following good operating practices.

Steamers
Steam cookers provide an effective way to batch-cook food but Cost-Saving Tips
generating steam is an energy-intensive process. ENERGY STAR ` Look for the ENERGY STAR
qualified steamers have a sealed cooking cavity that consumes a ` Cut idle time & turn off back-up
fraction of the energy and water required by traditional open systems. fryers when possible
In many cases the dollar savings are so great that it makes sense to
replace an existing steamer with an ENERGY STAR qualified one. ` Recalibrate

Cost-Saving Tips
` Look for the ENERGY STAR
ENERGY STAR qualified fryers can save:
` Close the door
• $100 for electricity annually (electric fryer), or
` Use the timer
• $470 for gas annually (gas fryer)
` Cut idle time
Good practices can save:
` Maintain & repair
$400 annually for a gas fryer by cutting four hours of idle
time per day.

ENERGY STAR qualified steamers can save:

• $1,000 for water and sewer costs annually
Convection Ovens
• $1,100 to $1,200 in gas or electricity annually
Convection ovens are the industry standard due to faster cook-
(gas or electric steamers)
times produced by increased hot air movement inside the oven
Equating to more than $2,100 total savings annually cavity. In addition, convection ovens are now eligible for ENERGY
(some restaurants with high commercial sewer costs can STAR qualification.
save hundreds of dollars more annually)

Good practices can save: Cost-Saving Tips

$250 to $350 in annual energy costs for a traditional, electric,
` Look for the ENERGY STAR
open-system steamer by eliminating an hour of idle time per day.
` Cut idle time & turn off back-
up ovens when possible
` Fully load the oven when
cooking
` Replace seals & tighten
hinges

ENERGY STAR qualified convection ovens can save:

• $190 for electricity annually (electric oven), or
• $360 for gas annually (gas oven)

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Griddles
Griddles are a versatile piece of equipment and a workhorse
appliance found on most kitchen lines. Variations in efficiency,
production capacity, and temperature uniformity make it important
to choose wisely when shopping for a griddle. Many energy-
efficient griddles can deliver both high production capacity and
excellent temperature uniformity.

Cost-Saving Tips
`` Look for the ENERGY STAR
`` Cut idle time
`` Recalibrate

ENERGY STAR qualified griddles can save:

• $190 for electricity annually (electric griddle), or
• $175 for gas annually (gas griddle) Combination Ovens
Good practices can save: The combination oven is an extremely
versatile cooking platform with the
$250 annually from a gas griddle by cutting three hours of
added bonus of a self-cleaning feature.
idle time per day.
Operating a combination oven in “steam”
or “combination” mode typically uses
more energy and water than operating
in traditional convection mode. Use
Holding Cabinets the oven’s programming capabilities to
ENERGY STAR hot food holding cabinets typically feature properly control different cooking modes
improved insulation, so heat stays in the cabinet and out of the to maximize energy efficiency and cost
kitchen. An insulated ENERGY STAR holding cabinet uses about savings. Do your homework when buying a combination oven: the
half the energy consumed by an uninsulated cabinet. Other most efficient models will use about half as much energy and water
available features that could potentially save energy include as the inefficient models.
magnetic door gaskets, auto-door closers, and dutch doors.

Good practices can save:

Cost-Saving Tips $400 to $800 annually off an electric combination oven by
`` Look for the ENERGY STAR cutting out two hours of idle time per day.
`` Shut off overnight
`` Use the timer
`` Replace missing or worn out
control knobs If ENERGY STAR qualified models don’t exist for the
type of equipment you’re looking for, don’t worry: you
still have options. Ask distributors and manufacturers
for energy use information, and check online for
ENERGY STAR qualified holding cabinets can save: equipment reviews. The California commercial food
• $650 annually for electricity service incentive program is also a third-party resource
because, like ENERGY STAR, appliances that qualify
Good practices can save: must meet designated efficiency standards. The list of
$500 annually by turning off an uninsulated holding cabinet qualifying appliances can be found at: www.fishnick.
when the kitchen is closed. com/saveenergy/rebates.

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Broilers REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS AND ICE MACHINES
Broilers are true kitchen workhorses but their dependability and
simplicity come at a price: searing heat requires a great deal Reach-In Refrigerators and Freezers
of energy and broilers have simple, non-thermostatic controls. Compared to standard models, ENERGY STAR qualified commercial
This combination can make the broiler the most energy-intensive refrigerators and freezers (glass and solid door) can lead to
appliance in the kitchen. For example, one gas broiler can use an average energy savings of 30 percent. Features that could
more energy than six gas fryers. A new generation of broilers potentially save energy include improved insulation and components
incorporates better controls that limit the overall burner output, such as high-efficiency compressors and motors.
allowing the broiler to get the job done while consuming about 25
percent less energy. Cost-Saving Tips
`` Look for the ENERGY STAR
Cost-Saving Tips
`` Turn off door heaters
`` Cut preheat time
when possible
`` Turn off unneeded sections
`` Clean coils
`` Reduce idle time
`` Set defrost timers
`` Replace missing knobs
`` Replace worn gaskets

Good practices can save: ENERGY STAR qualified commercial refrigerators and
$900 annually by cutting out three hours of idle time per day. freezers can save:
• $55 for electricity annually (per solid door refrigerator)
or $70 annually (per glass door refrigerator)
• $175 for electricity annually (per solid door freezer) or
Ranges $320 annually (per glass door freezer)
The range top is one of the most widely used pieces of equipment
in restaurant kitchens. Ranges are manually controlled and can be
energy guzzlers depending on how you operate them. A potential Walk-In Refrigerators
alternative to traditional range tops is induction ranges; they are Walk-in refrigerators are extremely important to any successful
more expensive but offer very high efficiency, rapid heat up, precise restaurant. Improve this equipment’s energy performance with a
controls, and low maintenance. few inexpensive upgrades and good practices, such as:
„„ Swapping out incandescent light bulbs for ENERGY STAR
Cost-Saving Tips qualified LED light bulbs can keep the temperatures lower
`` Maintain and adjust burners because they generate considerably less heat.
`` Use a lid „„ Adding strip curtains and automatic door closers to your walk-
`` Cut idle time in refrigerator: they are inexpensive and easy-to-install.
Strip curtains can cut outside air infiltration by about 75
percent!
„„ Installing electronically commutated motors (ECM) on
the evaporator and condenser fans reduces fan energy
consumption by approximately two-thirds.

Cost-Saving Tips
`` Allow air circulation
`` Insulate suction lines
`` Check refrigerant charge
`` Repair and realign doors
`` Clean coils

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 Mercury and CFLs
CFLs contain a very small amount of mercury sealed
within the glass tubing (approximately 4 milligrams).
By comparison, older thermometers contain about
500 milligrams of mercury—an amount equal to the
mercury in 125 CFLs. No mercury is released when
the bulbs are intact (not broken) or in use. For more
information about recycling and disposing of CFLs,
visit: www.energystar.gov/mercury.

„„ Install ENERGY STAR qualified fixtures and light bulbs

(CFLs or LEDs) in your dining area and reduce energy
consumption and heat output by 75 percent. ENERGY
STAR qualified lighting also lasts 10–50 times longer than
incandescent lighting.
„„ Install occupancy sensors in closets, storage rooms, break rooms,
Ice Machines restrooms, and even walk-in refrigerators. Look for sealed, low-
Commercial ice machines that earn the ENERGY STAR are on temperature-specific sensors for refrigerated environments. Be
average 15 percent more energy efficient and 10 percent more sure to ensure compatibility with your energy-efficient lighting.
water efficient than standard models.
„„ If your restaurant features linear fluorescent lighting with T12 lamps
„„ Cut down on your daytime electricity demand by installing a and magnetic ballasts, it is time to upgrade. Switch to more efficient
timer and shifting ice production to nighttime off-peak hours. T8 or T5 lamps with electronic ballasts. Electronic ballasts typically
„„ Bigger ice machines are typically more efficient than smaller have faster on-times and do not hum or flicker. Look for utility
ones, yet the price difference is usually not very large. Choose incentives for lighting upgrades in your area.
wisely and you could get twice the ice capacity at half the „„ Swap your old Open/Closed and EXIT signs with LED
energy cost per pound of ice. technology for electricity savings of up to 80 percent.
„„ Avoid water-cooled ice machines because of their high water „„ Visit www.energystar.gov/lighting for more cost-saving information.
cost, which makes them significantly more expensive
Annual Savings After Replacing
Eight Incandescent Lamps with Eight CFLs
$600

Cost-Saving Tips $500

`` Look for the ENERGY STAR $400 Savings

`` Clean the coils $330
$300

`` Keep the lid closed $200

`` Adjust the purge water timer $100

$0
Incandescent Lamp CFL

*Calculations based on 100-Watt lamp and average commercial electric rate of $.0953/kWh.
ENERGY STAR qualified ice machines can save:
• $130 for electricity annually CFL vs. Incandescent Light Bulbs: Potential Savings
• $18 for water annually Across U.S. Restaurants
If each of the nearly one million restaurants in the United States
replaced only one incandescent light bulb with a CFL, more than 645
million pounds of CO2 emissions could be avoided each year (the annual
LAMPS AND LIGHTING FIXTURES greenhouse gas emissions from nearly 57,400 passenger vehicles*),
In a typical restaurant, lights are usually on for 16 to 20 hours a and the restaurant industry could save over $40 million annually.
day. For many areas in your restaurant, high-efficiency ENERGY *Source of equivalency calculations: EPA Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator:
www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-resources/calculator.html. Calculations based on
STAR CFLs and lighting fixtures are your ticket to savings. 960,000 restaurants according to the National Restaurant Association 2011 Restaurant
Industry Forecast.
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HEATING, COOLING, AND VENTILATION
Making smart decisions about your restaurant’s heating, According to the Consortium for Energy Efficiency
ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) system can have a big (CEE), at least 25 percent of all rooftop HVAC units
effect on your utility bills—and your customers’ comfort. are oversized, resulting in increased energy costs and
equipment wear. Properly sized equipment dramatically
Heating and Cooling Systems cuts energy costs, increases the life of the equipment,
Heating and cooling systems account for a large portion of your and reduces greenhouse gas emissions.
restaurant’s annual energy use. For many restaurants, heating and
cooling is second only to food
preparation in terms of annual Cost-Saving Tips Kitchen Ventilation
energy consumption. `` Look for the ENERGY STAR An unbalanced or poorly designed kitchen exhaust system can
Energy use falls by 4 to 5 `` Clean heat-transfer coils allow heat and smoke to spill into your kitchen, spelling trouble for
percent for every degree both your restaurant’s air quality and for your utility bills. Spillage
`` Replace air filters
that you raise your cooling leads to a hot, uncomfortable working environment and higher
`` Consider an Energy energy bills for air-conditioned kitchens.
thermostat setpoint. Easing Management System
back on central cooling by only „„ Cut down on spillage by adding inexpensive side panels to hoods.
`` Repair broken duct work
3°F could trim air conditioning
`` Recommission economizers „„ Push each cooking appliance as far back against the wall as
costs by 12 to 15 percent.
Improve customer comfort possible to maximize hood overhang and close the air gap
by using an efficient ENERGY STAR qualified ceiling fan to between the appliance and the wall.
compensate for the difference in air temperature. Ensure that your „„ Install a demand-based exhaust control. It uses sensors to
heating and cooling equipment is included in the start-up and shut monitor your cooking and varies the exhaust fan speed to
down schedule to save even more. match your ventilation needs. Demand ventilation controls
Don’t forget about the restroom! ENERGY STAR qualified could reduce your exhaust system costs by anywhere from
ventilating fans use 70 percent less energy than standard models. 30 to 50 percent and can either be installed on new equipment
or retrofitted to existing hoods.

ENERGY STAR qualified HVAC equipment can save: Learning More About Kitchen Ventilation
• $1.60 per square foot over the life of the HVAC If you’re getting ready to design a new kitchen or renovate an
equipment ($4,000 for a 2,500 square foot restaurant; old one, check out “Improving Commercial Kitchen Ventilation
or $330 annually over a 12-year life) System Performance,” a two-part kitchen ventilation design
• $17 annually for electricity costs per ceiling fan guide written by the experts at PG&E FSTC and available at
www.fishnick.com/ventilation/designguides.
• $75 annually for electricity costs for ventilating fans
that run continuously (e.g., bath fans)

Windows
Applying a clear, heat-rejecting window film will help cut your
cooling costs while making your dining room more comfortable.
Use only high quality window film installed by a qualified
professional.

Patio Heaters
The best approach to saving money with patio heaters is to cut
back their use—both for hours of operation and for the number of
patio heaters running at any given time. Patio heaters are radiant
devices that heat up quickly so there is no reason to leave them
running if a seating area is temporarily empty.

Good practices can save:

$530 per heater annually by cutting three hours of use per day

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WATER AND WASTE MANAGEMENT
Water Use
Using water more efficiently Cost-Saving Tips
preserves water supplies,
saves money, and protects the `` Look for the ENERGY STAR
environment. By conserving and WaterSense label
hot water you trim not one but `` Add aerators
two bills: one for the water `` Install WaterSense labeled
and sewer and another for toilets
the electricity or natural gas
`` Repair leaks
required to heat the water used
in bathroom faucets, kitchen `` Reduce sink and tap usage
sinks, and dishwashers.

Similar to the ENERGY STAR, the WaterSense®

label identifies water-efficient products and
programs. WaterSense is a partnership program
sponsored by EPA and additional information is
available at: www.epa.gov/watersense.

Good practices can save:

$1,000 annually by turning down dipper wells and making
sure they are OFF when the kitchen is closed
$1,000 annually by fixing leaks in sinks, mop-stations, and
dish machines
High-Efficiency Pre-Rinse Spray Valves
Look for WaterSense labeled equipment and use A high-efficiency, or low-flow, pre-rinse spray valve is one of the
WaterSense irrigation partners to landscape your most cost-effective energy-saving
restaurant: devices available to the foodservice
operator. And it is easy to install! Just
Bathroom faucets are 30 percent more water efficient
unscrew your old spray valve and screw in
Landscaping with WaterSense irrigation partner could save your new, water-efficient one.
you 15 percent compared to average watering bills
In addition to minimizing hot water consumption,
you can reduce both your water-heating and sewer
expenditures per month. How? Typical spray valves can release
hot water at a rate of three to four gallons of water per minute
(gpm), while common high-efficiency units spray only 1.6 gpm or
less without sacrificing cleaning power!

Installing a 1.6 gpm spray valve can save:

$300 to $350 annually for water, sewer, and natural
gas costs (used one hour a day and compared to a
3 gpm sprayer)
Additional information is available at: www.fishnick.com/equipment/sprayvalves.

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Dishwashers
From an operational standpoint, dishwashers are one of the
most expensive pieces of equipment in your kitchen. Commercial
dishwashers that have earned the ENERGY STAR are on average
25 percent more energy and water efficient than standard models.
„„ Run fully loaded dish racks through the dish machine. Cutting
wash cycles could save you hundreds of dollars annually.
„„ Pay attention to your dishwasher’s pressure gauge—if it’s
showing pressure above 25 psi, there is a good chance you are
using much more water than is necessary. Most dishwashers
require only around 20 psi.
„„ If you have a conveyor-style dishwasher, make sure you are
using it in auto mode, which saves electricity by running the
conveyor motor only when needed.

Cost-Saving Tips BEGIN THE PROCESS, LEARN MORE, AND SAVE!

`` Look for the ENERGY STAR
The best first step in improving energy efficiency in your
`` Turn off at night restaurant is to perform an energy audit on your facility.
`` Replace torn wash Energy service providers (utilities), state energy offices, and
curtains private sector product and service providers can assist you in
`` Repair leaks identifying a trained professional to conduct your audit. However,
comprehensive, affordable energy audits for commercial food
`` Replace worn spray heads
service businesses are not available everywhere in the country.
To help address the lack of energy audits in many communities,
ENERGY STAR provides free online tools and information to
ENERGY STAR qualified commercial dishwashers achieve energy savings. ENERGY STAR’s basic guidance for self-
can save: assessments is part of the Guidelines for Energy Management,
“Step 2: Assess Performance,” at: www.energystar.gov/guidelines.
• $720 for electricity annually
• $300 for water annually In addition, ENERGY STAR’s Portfolio Manager tool is designed
to help businesses “benchmark” and track energy use, costs, and
greenhouse gas emissions. Portfolio Manager also offers the option
to track water use and renewable energy credits—all in a password-
protected online user account. Portfolio Manager users can track
Waste Reduction Is Good Business
individual facilities or track across an entire building portfolio.
Waste reduction leads to increased operating
Your restaurant can generate a Statement of Energy Performance
efficiency and cost savings. Decreased solid
that includes a “weather-normalized” kBtu/ft2 energy use intensity
waste generation reduces collection and disposal
calculation, associated greenhouse gas emissions, and a national
costs just as reducing electricity and water
average for similar building types. Access to the tool and free
consumption reduces utility bills. Waste minimization also
online training in the use of Portfolio Manager is available at: www.
may reduce your purchasing costs for restaurant supplies.
energystar.gov/benchmark.
Using recycling and composting bins, sustainable take-out
Once you have identified the areas of potential energy savings,
containers, and “green” signage are all excellent ways to announce
decide which energy efficiency upgrades you want to install and
and to demonstrate to your customers your efforts to be more
what practices to initiate. If your finances and operating schedule
environmentally sustainable and aware.
make it impractical to perform all of the upgrades at once, you can
take a staged approached and install them as time and money allow.
Remember, having your restaurant manager 100 percent on
For help identifying waste reduction opportunities please visit board is absolutely key to saving your restaurant money and
www.epa.gov/wastewise. protecting the environment! Your best-laid energy-saving plans are
only as good as the staff that is implementing them!
8
For more information, please consult the following online resources:
„„ ENERGY STAR Commercial Food Service: www.energystar.gov/cfs Find Monetary Incentives
„„ ENERGY STAR Restaurants: www.energystar.gov/restaurants Access the ENERGY STAR CFS
Incentive Finder and CFS Incentive
„„ ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager: www.energystar.gov/benchmark Guide at www.energystar.gov/cfs/
„„ PG&E Food Service Technology Center: www.fishnick.com incentives.

„„ National Restaurant Association Conserve: http://conserve.restaurant.org

„„ EPA WaterSense: www.epa.gov/watersense

„„ EPA WasteWise: www.epa.gov/wastewise

9
January 2012 EPA 430-R-09-030

For more information visit www.energystar.gov/cfs

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