I.
DRUG STUDY
Name of Mechanism of Indication Contraindication Side Effects Adverse Effects Nursing
Medication Action Considerations
Inhibits proton Indicated in the - Contraindicated Headache. nausea, CNS: asthenia, Independent
pump activity by treatment of in patients vomiting, or dizziness,
Generic Name: 1. Long-term
binding to symptomatic hypersensitive to diarrhea. headache.
therapy may
Omeprazole hydrogen- GERD with drug or its
cause vitamin
potassium erosive components and in
B12 absorption
adenosine esophagitis and patients receiving Gl: abdominal
problems.
Brand Name: triphosphatase, esophageal rilpivirine- pain, constipation,
Assess patient
located at the lesions. containing diarrhea,
Losec for signs and
secretory surface products. flatulence, nausea,
symptoms of
of gastric parietal vomiting, acid
- Bioavailability is cyanocobalamin
cells, to suppress regurgitation.
Therapeutic increased in deficiency
gastric acid
Class: patients of Asian (weakness,
secretion.
descent, and heart
Antiulcer drugs Musculoskeletal:
reduced dosages palpitations,
are recommended back pain, dyspnea,
when used for weakness paresthesia, pale
Pharmacologic healing EE skin, smooth
Class: tongue, CNS
- Use cautiously in Respiratory:
PPI’s (Proton changes, loss of
patients with cough, URI.
Pump Inhibitors) appetite).
hypokalemia and
respiratory 2. Monitor patient
alkalosis and in Skin: rash for signs and
Doctor’s Order: patients on a low- symptoms of
sodium diet. cute interstitial
Date: 10/17/23 nephritis.
Omeprazole 40mg 3. Drug increases
OD + 10.00 ml its own
solvent (IV) bioavailability
with repeated
Omeprazole chip
doses. Drug is
80mg + 90cc
unstable in
PNSS x 10hrs
gastric acid; less
continuously
drug is lost to
hydrolysis
because drug
Date: 10/18/23 increases gastric
Omeprazole 40mg pH.
vial + 80mg side 4. Gastrin level
drip rises in most
patients during
the first 2 weeks
Date: 10/19-22/23 of therapy
Omeprazole 40mg 5. Prolonged use
OD + 10.00 ml of PPIs may
solvent (IV) BID cause low
magnesium
levels. Monitor
magnesium
levels before
starting
treatment and
periodically
thereafter.
6. Monitor
patients for
signs and
symptoms of
low magnesium
level, such as
ab- normal HR
or rhythm,
palpitations,
muscle spasms,
tremors, or
seizures.
Magnesium
supplementation
or drug
discontinuation
may be
required.
7. Teach patient to
recognize and
report signs and
symptoms of
low magnesium
levels
Dependent
1. Dosage
adjustments
may be
necessary in
Asians and
patients with
hepatic
impairment
Name of Mechanism of Indication Contraindication Side Effects Adverse Effects Nursing
Medication Action Considerations
Selectively forms a Indicated for - Contraindicated Dry mouth, upset GI: Constipation Independent:
coating that acts patients for in patients with stomach, gas, and
Generic Name: 1. Drug is
locally to protect prevention and/or known nausea
minimally
Sucralfate the gastric lining treatment of hypersensitivity
absorbed
against peptic acid gastro-esophageal reactions to the
Brand Name: and causes
pepsin, and bile reflux disease active substance or
few adverse
Carafate salts (GERD), to the components.
reactions.
- Use cautiously in
2. Monitor
patients with
Therapeutic patient for
chronic renal
Class: severe,
failure; toxic
persistent
Antiulcer drugs reactions may be
constipation.
greater in patients
with impaired renal 3. Drug
Pharmacologic function. contains
Class: aluminum
but isn't
GI proteins classified as
an antacid.
Monitor
Doctor’s Order: patient with
Date: renal
insufficiency
for
10/18-23/23 aluminum
toxicity.
Sucralfate 1g bid
4. Tell the
patient to
take
sucralfate on
an empty
stomach, 1
hour before
each meal
and at
bedtime.
5. Instruct
patient to
continue
prescribed
regimen to
ensure
complete
healing. Pain
and other
ulcer signs
and
symptoms
may subside
within the
first few
weeks of
therapy.
Name of Mechanism of Indication Contraindication Side Effects Adverse Effects Nursing Considerations
Medication Action
Generic Name: A selective Indicated for - Contraindicated Drowsiness, CNS: fatigue, Independent
beta blocker patients with in patients dizziness, dizziness,
Metoprolol 1. Always check
that selectively hypertension hypersensitive tiredness, depression,
Succinate patient's apical pulse
blocks beta, to drug or other diarrhea, and headache,
rate before giving
Brand Name: receptors; beta blockers. bradycardia insomnia, mental
drug. If it's slower
decreases confusion, night-
Kapspargo - Contraindicated than 60
cardiac out- mares, short-term
Sprinkle in patients with beats/minute,withhold
put, peripheral memory loss,
sinus drug and contact
resistance, and hallucinations,
bradycardia, prescriber
cardiac oxygen vertigo.
Therapeutic greater than immediately to verify
consumption;
Class: first-degree dose.
and depresses
heart block,
Antihypertensives renin secretion cardiogenic
CV: hypotension, 2. Monitor BP
bradycardia, HF, frequently; drug
shock, sick
edema, masks common signs
sinus syndrome
Pharmacologic palpitations, and symptoms of
(unless a
Class: stroke. shock.
permanent
Selective beta- pacemaker is in 3. Instruct patient to
adrenergic place), or overt take drug
cardiac failure EENT: blurred
blockers vision, tinnitus, exactly as pre- scribed and
when used to
treat HTN or rhinitis. with meals.
Doctor’s Order: angina. 4. Tell patient to report
all adverse reactions,
Gl: nausea,
Date: 10/18/23 - Use cautiously diarrhea, especially shortness
in patients with constipation, of breath.
Metoprolol 50mg
HF, diabetes, or heartburn, dry
BID 5. Be mindful to inform
respiratory or mouth,
hepatic disease. flatulence, gastric patient and physicians about
pain, vomiting. the use of this drug before
Date: 10/19-
proceeding to any surgery.
21/23 GU: decreased
libido, erectile
Metoprolol dysfunction.
100mg OD
Musculoskeletal:
Date: 10/22/23 pain. Respiratory:
Metoprolol 50mg dyspnea,
OD wheezing,
bronchospasm.
Skin: rash,
pruritus
Name of Mechanism of Indication Contraindication Side Effects Adverse Effects Nursing
Medication Action Considerations
Thought to Mild to moderate - Contraindicated Nausea, stomach CNS: agitation Independent:
produce analgesia pain caused by in patients pain, headache, (IV), anxiety,
Generic Name: 1. As
by inhibiting headache, muscle hypersensitive hoarseness, loss of fatigue, headache,
appropriate,
Paracetamol prostaglandin and ache, backache, to drug. IV appetite, itching, insomnia, pyrexia.
review all
other substances minor arthritis, form is rash, dark urine,
Brand Name: other
that sensitize pain common cold, or contraindicated clay-colored stools
significant
Biogesic receptors. Drug fever in patients with CV: HTN,
and life-
may relieve fever severe hepatic hypotension,
threatening
through central impairment or peripheral edema,
adverse
Therapeutic action in the severe active periorbital edema,
reactions
Class: hypothalamic liver disease. tachycardia (IV).
and
neat-regulating
Analgesics, - Use cautiously interactions,
center
Antipyretics in patients with especially
any type of Gl: nausea, those
liver disease, vomiting, related to
chronic mal- abdominal pain, the drugs,
Pharmacologic diarrhea,
Class: nutrition, tests, and
severe constipation (IV). behaviors
Para-aminophenol hypovolemia mentioned.
derivatives (dehydration,
blood loss), or GU: oliguria (IV).
severe renal Dependent
Doctor’s Order: impairment
Hematologic: 2. Consider
Date: 10/17/23 (CrCl of 30
hemolytic anemia, reducing
mL/minute or
Paracetamol leukopenia, total daily
less).
150mg/ml vial + neutropenia, dose and
10 ml Solvent (IV) - Use cautiously pancytopenia, increasing
in patients with anemia. dosing
long-term intervals in
Date: 10/19/23 alcohol use patients
because Hepatic: jaundice. with hepatic
Paracetamol therapeutic or renal
150mg/ml q4 PRN doses cause impairment.
Metabolic:
hepatotoxicity
hypoalbuminemia
in these
(IV), hypo-
patients.
glycemia,
Chronic
hypokalemia,
alcoholics
hypervolemia,
shouldn't take
hypomagnesemia,
more than 2 g
hypophosphatemia
of
(IV).
acetaminophen
every 24 hours.
Musculoskeletal:
muscle spasms,
extremity pain
(IV).
Respiratory:
abnormal breath
sounds, dyspnea,
hypoxia,
atelectasis, pleural
effusion,
pulmonary edema,
stridor, wheezing
(IV).
Skin: rash,
urticaria; infusion-
site pain (IV),
pruritus
Name of Mechanism of Indication Contraindication Side Effects Adverse Effects Nursing
Medication Action Considerations
Inhibits cell-wall Indicated in - Contraindicated Black, tarry Independent:
synthesis, patient with in patients stools.
Generic Name: GI: 1. Use cautiously
promoting susceptible hypersensitive
chest pain. pseudomembranous in patients
osmotic bacterial to drug or other
Ceftriaxone instability; infections of the cephalosporins. chills. colitis, diarrhea. hypersensitive
usually GU and GI. UTI, to penicillin
Brand Name: cough.
bactericidal. and because of
Ceftriaxone intraabdominal fever. Hematologic: possibility of
infections, eosinophilia, cross-
Leptospirosis painful or sensitivity
thrombocytosis,
difficult with other
Therapeutic leukopenia.
urination. beta-lactam
Class:
shortness of antibiotics.
Antibiotics
breath. Skin: pain, 2. If large doses
induration, are given,
sore throat.
tenderness at therapy is pro-
Pharmacologic
injection site, rash. longed, or
Class:
patient is at
Third-generation high risk,
cephalosporins Other: hyper- monitor
sensitivity patient for
reactions, serum signs and
Doctor’s Order: sickness, symptoms of
anaphylaxis superinfection
Ceftriaxone 2g
IV OD 3. Monitor PT
and INR in
patients with
im- paired
vitamin K
synthesis or
low vitamin K
stores.
Vitamin K
therapy may
be needed.
4. Monitor
patients for
superinfection,
diarrhea, and
anemia and
treat
appropriately
5. Tell patient to
report adverse
reactions
promptly.
6. Instruct
patient to
report
discomfort at
IV insertion
site.
7. If home care
patient is
diabetic and is
testing urine
for glucose,
tell patient
drug may
affect results
of cupric
sulfate tests
and to use an
enzymatic test
instead.
8. Tell patient to
notify
prescriber
about loose
stools or
diarrhea
