International Journal of Research in Interdisciplinary Studies 1

Volume 2, Issue 7, July 2024

Assessing Monitoring and Evaluation Systems

Abstract—This study investigates the implementation of fostering stakeholder engagement and communication [8].
monitoring and evaluation (M&E) systems in Philippine Local Despite the recognized importance of M&E, a study by the
Government Units (LGUs) through the lens of Good Governance
Philippine Institute for Development Studies (2021) reveals a
Theory [1]. Recognizing the pivotal role of M&E in assessing the
effectiveness and impact of LGU programs, projects, and policies concerning trend in the Philippines: a significant number of
[2], this research examines the alignment between M&E practices LGUs give low priority to M&E, with only 38.4% of
and the principles of good governance — participation, rule of law, municipalities reporting having an M&E program [3]. This lack
transparency, responsiveness, consensus orientation, equity, of prioritization raises questions about the factors influencing
effectiveness, efficiency, accountability, and strategic vision [1]. M&E implementation and its alignment with principles of good
Despite the acknowledged importance of M&E, a significant
governance.
proportion of LGUs in the Philippines prioritize M&E poorly [3],
raising concerns about the factors influencing its implementation. Good Governance Theory, as outlined by the World Bank,
This study delves into the extent to which good governance emphasizes principles such as participation, rule of law,
principles are reflected in LGU M&E practices, the challenges and transparency, responsiveness, consensus orientation, equity,
barriers hindering effective implementation, and the influence of effectiveness, efficiency, accountability, and strategic vision
good governance alignment on the effectiveness of LGU initiatives. [1]. These principles provide a framework for evaluating the
Ultimately, this research aims to derive policy recommendations
quality of governance and its potential impact on development
that can bolster M&E capacity and foster a culture of evidence-
based decision-making within Philippine LGUs [4]. By addressing outcomes [9]. Applying the lens of Good Governance Theory
the existing gaps in M&E implementation, this study seeks to to the context of M&E in Philippine LGUs offers an
enhance the overall effectiveness and impact of local governance opportunity to explore the relationship between governance
in the Philippines. practices and the effectiveness of M&E systems.
This study aims to investigate the implementation of M&E
Index Terms— Good Governance, Local Government Units,
in Philippine LGUs through the framework of Good
Monitoring and Evaluation, Philippines.
Governance Theory. By examining the alignment between
1. Introduction M&E practices and good governance principles, this research
seeks to identify factors that contribute to the successful
Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) serve as a vital tool for implementation and utilization of M&E systems. Specifically,
public sector organizations, particularly Local Government the study addresses the following research questions:
Units (LGUs), to assess the effectiveness and impact of their 1. To what extent are the principles of Good Governance
programs, projects, and policies [2]. In essence, monitoring is Theory reflected in the M&E practices of Philippine
"the ongoing process of observing, recording, and analyzing LGUs?
system performance to evaluate or improve system 2. What are the key challenges and barriers to
effectiveness and efficiency" [5]. Evaluation, on the other hand, implementing effective M&E systems in Philippine
is defined as "the systematic process of assessing the design, LGUs?
implementation, and outcomes of programs, policies, or 3. How does the alignment of M&E practices with Good
initiatives" [6]. A well-implemented M&E system enables Governance principles influence the effectiveness of
LGUs to track progress, identify areas for improvement, and LGU programs and projects?
ensure accountability in the utilization of public resources [7]. 4. What policy recommendations can be derived from the
M&E plays a pivotal role in LGUs for several reasons. It aids findings to strengthen M&E capacity and promote a
in assessing the environmental impact of development projects, culture of evidence-based decision-making in
facilitating decision-making for urban planning, promoting Philippine LGUs?
accountability for sustainable practices, adapting to climate By addressing these questions, this study aims to contribute
change impacts, ensuring efficient resource management, and

*Corresponding author: katherine.buenaflor@pcu.edu.ph

to the understanding of M&E implementation in the local years, suggesting a relatively recent emphasis on M&E. This
government context and provide insights for enhancing the finding aligns with the national trend of growing recognition of
effectiveness and impact of LGU initiatives. M&E importance in the public sector.
B. Areas and Objectives of M&E
2. Methodology
M&E systems in Cavite LGUs cover a wide range of sectors,
This study employed a descriptive-correlational research
with a strong focus on infrastructure and public works (100%),
design to investigate the connection between monitoring and
health (87%), education (74%), and social services (74%). This
evaluation (M&E) practices and good governance principles
indicates a prioritization of essential public services in local
within Philippine Local Government Units (LGUs). This
governance. The main objectives of M&E are primarily aligned
approach allowed for a thorough examination of the current
with good governance principles, with 91% of respondents
state of M&E implementation, shedding light on the challenges
aiming to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of government
faced by LGUs and the degree to which good governance
programs and services, and 100% emphasizing the promotion
principles were integrated into M&E practices.
of good governance, integrity, and public trust. This
To gather primary data, a survey was conducted to 23 LGU
underscores the commitment of LGUs to utilize M&E for
officials and staff across the 16 municipalities and 7 component
accountability, transparency, and improved service delivery.
cities of Cavite Province. The survey delved into several key
areas: the prevalence and duration of M&E systems in LGUs, C. Frequency and Methodology of M&E
the alignment of M&E practices with good governance The frequency of M&E activities varies among LGUs, with
principles, the challenges and barriers encountered in M&E 35% conducting them on an ad hoc basis and the remaining
implementation, and the perceived impact of M&E on the respondents reporting annual, biannual, quarterly, or monthly
effectiveness of LGU programs. Both Likert scale and open- evaluations. This suggests a need for more standardized and
ended questions were used to capture quantitative and regular M&E practices to ensure continuous improvement and
qualitative data, respectively. timely decision-making. The most commonly used data
A purposive sampling technique was utilized to select LGU collection methods include document review (91%),
officials and staff who possessed relevant experience and observation (87%), and surveys (78%), indicating a reliance on
knowledge of M&E practices within their respective LGUs. a combination of qualitative and quantitative data sources for
While the sample size of 23 was limited, it yielded valuable comprehensive assessment.
insights into the M&E landscape in Cavite and served as a
foundation for future research endeavors. D. Responsibility for M&E
Ethical considerations were a paramount concern throughout The Planning and Development Office is identified as the
the research process. As a licensed Environmental Planner in primary department responsible for M&E in 61% of LGUs,
the Philippines, the researcher adhered to the profession's code highlighting its central role in planning, implementing, and
of ethics, ensuring the protection of participant rights through evaluating local development initiatives. However, a notable
informed consent, confidentiality, and transparency. Data 30% of respondents indicated that M&E responsibilities fall on
privacy regulations, as stipulated in the Data Privacy Act of individual departments, potentially leading to fragmentation
2012, were meticulously followed to safeguard the personal and lack of coordination. This finding suggests an opportunity
information of the participants. to strengthen M&E capacity by establishing dedicated M&E
Data analysis involved a combination of descriptive units or fostering interdepartmental collaboration.
statistics, correlational analysis, and thematic analysis. E. Utilization and Communication of M&E Results
Descriptive statistics and correlational analysis were applied to
The survey reveals a positive trend in the utilization of M&E
the quantitative data to identify patterns and relationships.
findings, with 71% of respondents stating that M&E results are
Thematic analysis was utilized to uncover deeper insights and
regularly used to inform policy and decision-making processes.
perspectives from the qualitative data. By integrating both
This signifies a commitment to evidence-based governance,
quantitative and qualitative findings, this study aimed to
wherein data and analysis drive improvements in LGU
provide a comprehensive understanding of the M&E landscape
performance. However, 29% indicated partial utilization,
in Cavite LGUs and its alignment with the principles of good
suggesting a need for further integration of M&E into decision-
governance.
making structures. Communication of M&E results to the
public is diverse, with social media (61%) and public
3. Results and Discussion
meetings/forums (65%) emerging as prominent channels. This
A. Prevalence and Duration of M&E Systems demonstrates a proactive approach to transparency and public
The survey results indicate a high prevalence of M&E engagement, fostering accountability and trust in local
systems within Cavite LGUs, with 78% of respondents governance.
confirming their existence. However, the duration of F. Challenges and Improvements in M&E
implementation varies significantly. While 13% of LGUs have
Despite the positive findings, challenges persist in M&E
had M&E systems in place for over five years, a considerable
implementation. 57% of respondents reported facing obstacles,
proportion (52%) have implemented them within the past five
Buenaflor et al. International Journal of Research in Interdisciplinary Studies, VOL. 2, NO. 7, JULY 2024 3

primarily related to resource constraints, capacity limitations, policy changes, program adjustments, and resource allocation
and the need for further training and technical assistance. demonstrates its value in driving improvements in LGU
Nevertheless, M&E has led to notable improvements in LGU performance. The proactive communication of M&E results
performance, including policy changes (57%), program through various channels fosters public trust and engagement,
adjustments (65%), and resource allocation changes (48%). contributing to a more transparent and accountable local
These positive outcomes underscore the value of M&E in government.
driving continuous improvement and enhancing the To further enhance the M&E landscape in Cavite and
effectiveness of local governance. beyond, several recommendations can be implemented. These
include enhancing capacity building through comprehensive
G. Future Directions and Stakeholder Engagement
training programs, mainstreaming M&E into all stages of the
The survey results indicate a strong willingness among LGUs policy cycle, strengthening institutional mechanisms by
to expand and enhance their M&E systems (61%). This reflects establishing dedicated M&E units, promoting stakeholder
a growing recognition of the importance of M&E in achieving engagement, and addressing resource constraints through
good governance objectives. Stakeholder engagement, innovative financing mechanisms and partnerships.
including community consultations (34%) and stakeholder In conclusion, this study reaffirms the significance of M&E
workshops (52%), is also evident, indicating a commitment to as a cornerstone of good governance in Philippine LGUs. By
participatory governance. However, further efforts are needed strengthening M&E systems, addressing existing challenges,
to institutionalize stakeholder involvement and ensure that and fostering a culture of evidence-based decision-making,
M&E processes are inclusive and responsive to the needs and LGUs can enhance their effectiveness, efficiency, and
priorities of the community. responsiveness to the needs of their constituents. Continued
investment in M&E capacity, coupled with robust stakeholder
4. Conclusion engagement, will pave the way for a more transparent,
The findings of this study illuminate a promising landscape accountable, and impactful local governance in Cavite and
for M&E within Cavite LGUs. The high prevalence of M&E beyond.
systems and their alignment with good governance principles
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