NAME: Lucrecia Verde Aragón

COMMITTE: Decent work and

Economic Growth

COUNTRY: Turkey

TOTAL ÁREA: The total area of Turkey is 783.562 km². Of this area, 755,688 km² are in
Western Asia and 23,764 km².

In Europe The European part of Turkey is known as East Thrace and is much smaller
than the Asían part, accounting for only 3% of its total territory. However, it is of great
importance from a tourist and symbolic point of view, since it is considered the
'anchor' of this country with respect to the West.

On the other hand, the Asían part is known as Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula or Asia
Minor. Due to its enormous size, it houses the main areas of interest in the geography
of Turkey, with large mountain ranges, lakes and other vast natural areas that
fascinate tourists of every taste and origin.

TERRITORIAL LIMITS: Turkey borders to the north with Bulgaria and the Black Sea; to
the northeast with Georgia and Armenia; to the east with Iran; to the south with Iraq,
Syria and the Mediterranean; And to the west with the Aegean Sea and Greece.

POPULATION: the population of tukey is about of 86.224.025

ETHNIC DISTRIBUTION: The ethnic distribution of Türkiye is made up of

Turks: They are the largest ethnic group, with a percentage of between 70% and 75% of
the population

Kurds: They are the second largest ethnic group, with a percentage of around 19%

Arabs: They live mainly in the provinces near the border with Syria, particularly in the
Hatay region.

Armenians: They are a minority ethnic group

 Greeks: They are a minority ethnic group

Jews: They are a minority ethnic group, almost all Sephardic, descended from those
expelled from Spain in the 15th century

RELIGION(S):

98% are Muslims, although there are small groups of Greek Orthodox,

Armenians, Syrian Catholics (29,000) and Jews (38,000), the latter almost

all Sephardic, descended from those expelled from Spain in the 15th century.

LANGUAGE(S): Turkish is the main language. The rest of the country speaks more than
70 other languages, including Kurdish, Arabic, Zazaki, Circassian, Armenian and
English.

SYSTEM OF GOVERMMENT: Türkiye has a presidential system of government after

the abandonment of the parliamentary system carried out by the constitutional reform
and its 2017 referendum.

CHIEF OF GOVERMMENT: The current chief of government is Recep Tayyip

Erdoğan.

TYPE OF ELECTION PROCESS FOR GOVERMMENT OFICIAL/LEADER: The

presidential election is in two rounds: if a candidate does not exceed 50% of the votes in
the first round, the two most voted will go to the second round.

MEMBER: Turkey is a member of several international organizations, including:

• United Nations (UN)

• North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
• G20 (Group of Twenty)
• Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
• World Trade Organization (WTO)
• International Monetary Fund (IMF)
• World Bank
• Council of Europe

HISTORY: The history of Türkiye begins in the Neolithic, when the first human
settlements occurred on the peninsula known as Anatolia or Asia Minor, which is currently
part of Türkiye.
The first great empire that inhabited this territory was the Hittite Empire, between the 17th
and 12th centuries BC, of which few remains have been preserved. After the Hittites, other
peoples settled in Anatolia, until the arrival of the Greeks around 1,200 BC. and the
Persians in the 6th century BC.

During this time the city of Byzantium arose, on the western bank of the Bosphorus
Byzantium was located in a strategic place and controlled navigation between Europe, the
Balkans, North Africa and Asia Minor.

Alexander the Great conquered Anatolia in 334 BC, so these territories became part of
Greece, until the 1st century BC. They were conquered little by little, becomingt part of the
Roman Empire.

The Ottomans conquered Constantinople and formed the Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans
ruled these territories for several centuries, but their decline began in the mid-16th century
with the death of Sultan Suleyman the Magnificent. Already in the 19th century some of its
territories in Europe became independent and its decline came with its participation in the
First World War.

This led to the occupation of Constantinople by British, French and Italian troops, the loss
of numerous territories in Europe and the East, the abolition of the Sultanate and, finally,
the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire in 1922. After the First World War, the country had
lost numerous territories and great discontent arose among its inhabitants, which led to the
Turkish War of Independence and the triumph of Turkish troops over the British, French
and Italians in 1923.

After the fall of the Ottoman Empire, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk became the first president of
the Republic of Turkey in 1923, imposing a series of reforms to create a modern,
democratic and secular state, with its capital in Ankara.

After several centuries under different names, the ancient Constantinople was renamed
Istanbul in 1930. Although it was no longer the capital of the country, it continued to
maintain great importance and grew considerably over the following years. Today, Istanbul
is the most populated city in Türkiye.

During World War II, Türkiye remained neutral and, starting in the 1950s, moved to a two-
party system. This led to a time of periods of political instability that ended with the
military coup of 1980.

Since then, several political parties have governed the country, until the coming to power of
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Prime Minister since 2003 and President of Türkiye since 2014.
 NAME: Lucrecia Verde A,

COMMITTEE: Decent work and Economic

Growth

COUNTRY: Turkey

TOPIC: economic crisis in Turkey

ECONOMIC CRISIS IN TURKEY

Turkey is facing a severe economic crisis characterized by high inflation, the
depreciation of the Turkish lira, and increasing external debt. Factors such as risky
economic policies, geopolitical tensions, and reliance on foreign currency debt have
weakened the country's financial stability. This crisis affects not only Turkish citizens
but also foreign investment and international trade relations.

Internal Actions:
The Turkish government has taken several measures to address the crisis, including market
interventions to stabilize the lira, interest rate adjustments by the Central Bank, and
financial support programs for key sectors. However, the lack of confidence in the Central
Bank’s independence and persistent high inflation have made economic recovery difficult.

International Actions:
Turkey has sought financial support from allied countries such as Qatar and China through
currency swap agreements. It has also negotiated with Russia to purchase energy using
alternative payment methods to the U.S. dollar, reducing pressure on its foreign reserves.
Additionally, Turkey continues to participate in international economic organizations to
attract investment and stabilize its economy.

To overcome this crisis, Turkey proposes measures such as strengthening the Central
Bank’s independence to restore investor confidence, diversifying the economy to
reduce dependence on debt in dollars and euros, and expanding trade relations with
 more countries to ensure economic stability. It also aims to implement responsible
fiscal policies and improve financial transparency to guarantee sustainable recovery.