DAFFODIL INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY

Research Monograph
On
Oppression of Man under the Shadow of Law:
Perspective Bangladesh
Course Title: Research Monograph
Course Code: LAW (812)
Submitted To:
Mohammad Badruzzaman
Assistant Professor
Department of Law,
Faculty of Humanities & Social Science
Daffodil International University
Submitted By:
Irin Jahan Mim
Id: 221-38-051
Batch: 37th
Department of Law,
Daffodil International University
Date of submission: 31-01-2023

ii

©Daffodil International University

 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

My days at Law at Daffodil International University are memorable, among many, for at least
one reason. Thanks to Daffodil International University the Department of law, here I got my
first experience with how to do socio cultural research and knew about research. In this regard, I
would like to express my thanks and gratitude to my supervisor, Mr. Mohammad Badruzzaman
sir, for his guidance and great support. His suggestions and affection showed me the way.
Then thanks to Our head Kudrat-E-Khuda Babu sir for showing me how to think out of the box
and helping us to know about research in a short time. Heartfelt thanks to My Father for his
critical appreciation of my study and thanks to my mother who always gave me confidence.
Special thanks to my All-professor, Mohammad Abu Sufyan, Tahmina Toma, Ferdousi begum,
and Tamanna Tuli, who helped me go ahead during my critical time when I lost my mother. And
Last but not least, I express my thanks to my best friend Md.Fazlul Haque, Sarwajit Bhowmik,
and Kazi AbdusnSamad gave me inspiration to make my work a success. Also, special thanks to
my sister and University friend SumaiyaYeasminShantawho always stayed by my side.
Finally, the views and any errors in the study remain my own.

Irin Jahan Mim

Id:221-38-051
Department of Law
January 13
Daffodil International Univer

iii

©Daffodil International University

 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

To
Mr.Mohammad Badruzzaman
Assistant Professor
Department of Law
Daffodil International University

Subject: Submission on "Oppression of Man under the shadow of the law:

perspectiveBangladesh’’

Honorable Sir,

It is a great pleasure for me to submit the dissertation on the topic of “Oppression of Man
under the shadow of the law: perspective Bangladesh.”
To prepare the dissertation, I tried to maintain the required standard. I hope this dissertation will
fulfill your expectation.
I, therefore, pray and Hope that you would be kind enough to grant this dissertation for
evolution. I am available for any further clarification of this paper at your convenience.

Thanking you.
Irin Jahan Mim
ID: 221-38-051

Batch:37
Department of Law
Daffodil International University

iv

©Daffodil International University

 LETTER OF APPROVAL

This is to certify that the work is done “Oppression of Man under the shadow of Law:
Perspective Bangladesh. ” is a real work done by Irin Jahan Mim, Id-221-38-051.
Department of Law, Daffodil International University, done under my supervision in the partial
fulfillment for the research work for

Mr. Mohammad Badruzzaman

Assistant Professor
Department of Law
Daffodil International University

©Daffodil International University

 CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that the dissertation report on “Oppression of Man under the shadow of law:
perspective Bangladesh”. An Appraisal is done by Irin Jahan Mim in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the Degree of LL.M. from Daffodil International University. This dissertation
report has been carried out by my guidance and as a record of the bona fide work carried out
successfully.

Thank You

............................................
Mohammad Badruzzaman
Assistant Professor
Department of Law
Daffodil International University

vi

©Daffodil International University

 DECLARATION

I hereby do solemnly declare that the work presented in this dissertation report has been carried
out by me and has not been previously submitted to any other institution.
The work I have presented does not breach any copyright.
I further undertake to indemnify the University against any loss or damage arising from breach
of the foregoing obligations.

Thank You.

……………………….
Irin Jahan Mim
ID: 221-38-051
Batch:37
Department of Law
Daffodil International University

vii

©Daffodil International University

 DEDICATION
Dedicated to My parents

viii

©Daffodil International University

 LIST OFABBREVIATION

H.R- Human Rights

UDHR- Universal Declaration of Human rights 1948
CRC- Convention on the Rights of the Child.
CEDAW - Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women.
P.C- Penal Code 1860
U.N – United Nations.
BMRF-BangladeshMen’sRightFoundation.

ix

©Daffodil International University

 TABLE OF CONTENT

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS iii

LETTER OF TRASMITAL iv

LETTER OF APPROVAL v

CERTIFICATION vi

DECLARATION vii

DEDICATION viii

ABBREVIATIONS ix

ABSTRACT 1

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background of the Study 2

1.2. Statement of Problem 2-3
1.3. Objectives 3

1.4. Research Questions 3

1.5. Literature Review 4
1.6. Scope & Limitation of Research 4
1.7. Methodology 5
1.8.Sources of Data 5
1.9. Area of study 5

CHAPTER TWO: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

2.Concept of Man harassment 6

2.1. Definition of Gender discrimination 6
2.2. Definition of Human Rights, And Man's Rights 7
2.3. Definition of Harassment 7
2.4. Definition of Unequal Treatment 8
2.5. Definition of Domestic Violence 8

©Daffodil International University

 CHAPTER THREE: INEQUALITY WITHIN LEGAL INSTRUMENT

3.1 Equality in the Constitution. 9

3.2. Rights guaranteed by other laws for women, not for men 9-11
CHAPTER FOUR: MEN’S STATUS IN BANGLADESH

4.1. Male Oppression in The Context of Bangladesh. 12-14

4.2. Weapons for men’s oppression in Bangladesh. 14
4.3. Gaps in the legal framework. 14-17
4.4. Applicability Of law for Men 17-19
CHAPTER FIVE: CASE STUDY

5.1. Case Study 19-21

CHAPTER SIX: DATA ANALYSISAND PRESENTATION

6.1. Survey data 22-28

6.2. Result Analysis 28
CHAPTER SEVEN: FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

7.1. Findings 28
7.2. Recommendation 29-30
CHAPTER EIGHT: CONCLUDING REMARKS

8.1. Conclusion 30-31

References 32-33
CHAPTER NINE: APPENDIX

Appendix 1 34-35

Appendix 2 35-37

xi

©Daffodil International University

 ABSTRACT

Violence against women is a common scenario in Bangladesh. But along with women’s abuse in
Bangladesh, male abuse has also become a big problem in Bangladesh. In Bangladesh, men are
victims of physical, mental, physical, and emotional abuse at work and domestic violence and
they are getting discriminated against in most sectors. There is currently no law in Bangladesh
for the torture of men. Due to these men in Bangladesh do not get any proper justice. And at the
same time, due to the social position of men, they cannot say anything in society. The purpose of
my research is to create a well-established 'Prevention of Male Violence Law’ in Bangladesh and
modify a few Acts which should be non-discriminating by nature such as section 375 of the
penal code, sections498, 509, etc. Through which all men of Bangladesh can secure their rights
through a successful and fair trial process. And to break the social stereotype that men are always
oppressed in Bangladesh and to establish that they can also be victims of abuse. I aim to establish
through this research let people are aware of the oppression of man and the need for a specific
'Male Torture Prevention Act’ rather than a non-discriminating law for men in the justice system
of Bangladesh and how it can be developed.
Key Words:
Gender-based violation, abasement, constitution, oppression, weapons, Acts, etc.

©Daffodil International University

 CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study:

The world is defined by rapid transformation in all spheres of life that is globalization. This time
gender equality and Violation of rights area matter of concern. Gender equality means being
equally treated in every sector of men and women. And the Violation of rights means both men’s
and women’s rights have been violated. Gender equality will come when people of all gender
will have l rights and are treated equally, with responsibility and opportunities. Moreover, when
gender inequality and violation of rights came first there have shown Women’s inequality and
violation of women. But No one thinks about men's inequality and violation of their rights. The
man's problem, rights violation is ignored by this society. In this research paper, I Will, describe
Men’s oppression under the shadow of the law and society. Man’s Law should be enacted like
“Purush Nirjatan Daman Ain”,and Need Justice for Men torture whether physical or mental.
The constitutional assertion of gender equality is also present in our country. However, state
litigation always overlooks the rights of men not women. As if they made Lots of Acts or laws
for women. There is no Act or law for Men in Bangladesh. There is an internationally celebrated
Women’s Day also Bangladesh does so. But In Bangladesh, there is no celebrated International
Men’s Day. And no one talks about Men’ rights. Men are as vulnerable as emotional and soft-
hearted. They have feelings, the right to express and freeing. In our society, they are also treated
as money Machines and they are only Judged by their income but women are not. Whenever a
woman is failed in a relationship, they can file a rape case Against men but when it is a matter of
a male relationship, they cannot file a rape case. There are many laws for women that Ares
properly used and also misused by women. But there is no single law for Men. There is no
maintained engendering equality in her unequal treatment as well as violation of the rights of
male people in Bangladesh.
80 percent of married men in the country are the victims of ‘mental’ abuse by wives or family
members. Most of them do not want to reveal these for fear of social embarrassment according to
Bangladesh Men’s right Foundation.

1.2. Statement of problem:

The research proposed to investigate a gender-based violation of social norms and unequal
treatment of men. And also this research covers The law which is for women used Against men
as Sexual crimes are addressed in sections 375,376,377 of the P.C 1860.Then Nari o sishu
nirjatan daman ain 2000, Acid Control Act 2002, Acid Crime Prevention Act 2002, Domestic
Violence Act 2010 Sections 3, 6. Dowry Prohibition Act, 1980 Sections 3,4. The era is changed;
Men are facing domestic violations, Oppression, and Harassment. But thereare no established
legal formalities for them like Women. The participation of women in society had seen been
backward before the formulation of the Constitution and Penal Code (Introduced in the British
2

©Daffodil International University

Colonial Era) That's why they should be made for their participation in society. But now to me,
women’s titivation is highly increased and also, they didn’t want discrimination. So why men
will be discriminated against in the shadow of the law? This research covers a large part of the
Male people in the Ashulia, Savar, and Dhaka districts. Though there is no previous research on
this topic, so there may be a problem to collect secondary and primary data from other research.
In our society men cannot express their abuse or harassment of others frankly. Our society is
suffering from lots of social problems. However, it has faced many social problems that have
been kept out of our consciousness until they come as problems. One of the worst social
problems is gender inequality. And when the word gender inequality areas only it comes with
women. But No one talks about Men inequality. They are facing lots of harassment in our
Society, facing domestic violence in homes, treated unequally in most sectors.
As human beings, their rights and respect are equal. In the constitution, Human rights law spread
equality and justice. Hence Bangladesh is a patriarchal society, and the news of violence against
women is always discussed. But in the world, only women are being abused by their husbands.
Men are not abused by women? The research’s main point many men in society are constantly
being abused and harassed.

1.3. Objectives of the study:

Every research has some specific objectives. My research also has some objectives. And the
main objective which I focused on in this research is to explore the reality of exploitation or
deprivation of man under the shadow of the law.

There are some ancillaryobjectives:

 To show how men are deprived by females by law.
 The weakness of existing law in terms of men from the misuse of females or the
harassment of females.
 To find out the solution to overcome the situation or to find out the prospective ways to
tackle the situation.
1.4. ResearchQuestion:
There are some specific research questions that will help to complete and enrich this research.
The main research question is how men are harassed or exploited under the shadow of law?
And there are some ancillary research questions:
 How do men face oppression?
 Which law does use against men in Bangladesh?

©Daffodil International University

1.5. Literature Review
Male oppression under the shadow of the law is a complex and pressing issue that has received
increasing attention in recent years. This literature review aims to provide a comprehensive
overview of the research that has been conducted on male oppression under the shadow of the
law and to highlight the key findings and implications for future research in this area.
Research has shown that men face significant discrimination and oppression in the legal system,
particularly in areas such as family law and criminal justice. For example, men are often
disadvantaged in custody battles and alimony disputes, and they are more likely to be sentenced
to longer prison terms and face more severe punishment for similar offenses.
Theoretical perspectives, such as feminist theory, social constructionist, and human rights
perspectives, have helped to inform our understanding of male oppression under the shadow of
law and to provide a framework for analysing the issue. However, more research is needed to
fully understand the complex and interrelated factors that contribute to male oppression under
the shadow of the law and to develop effective strategies for addressing these issues.
Despite the progress that has been made in research on male oppression under the shadow of the
law, there are still significant gaps in our understanding of the issue. For example, there is a need
for more comprehensive data on the experiences of men from diverse backgrounds, including
those who face intersecting forms of oppression based on race, sexuality, and disability.
Furthermore, there is a need for research that uses mixed methods approaches to provide a more
comprehensive understanding of male oppression under the shadow of law and the experiences
of men in different contexts.
In conclusion, male oppression under the shadow of law continues to be a pressing issue, and the
need for further research remains high. By providing a comprehensive overview of the research
that has been conducted on male oppression under the shadow of the law, this literature review
highlights the key findings and implications for future research in this area. Future research
should focus on developing a more comprehensive understanding of the experiences of men
from diverse backgrounds, and on developing effective strategies for addressing male oppression
under the shadow of the law.

1.6. Scope& Limitations of the Research:

Emphasis has been placed on the larger socio-cultural and structural factors that lead to different
and abusive treatment of men, violence against them, and their social neglect. This is because
such violation and unequal treatments primarily considered a social problem and is therefore
appropriate for intervention through organized social activities and has gained importance as a
subject of study.
The main limitation of this research paper will be its Comprehensive dependency on secondary
data such as articles, news reports, books, foreign cases or case studies, etc.
Moreover, the unavailability of data related to the practical situation of the research problem can
also be termed as another limitation. Another limitation is most of the boys think that it’s a
normal issue in the recent era, they feel shy to say about their problem just because they will face
Mocking. They took this normally not every boy but most of the boys took it normally.
4

©Daffodil International University

Generally, there is a lot of information. And, we cannot say that it is accurate or 100 percent
authentic. Because, in our society, Men cannot express their views to the authorities to anyone
because it happened from the very beginning and they may feel shy to disclose their harassment
to another person. There is another problem with deadlines and budgets, access is limited. In
fact, it is very difficult to complete a study properly within 6 months properly.

1.7. Methodology:
There are two typical approaches to data collection in research methodology:
The first thing I did for the research was an online survey, then I went to the fields for collecting
data from several males who ha(Faruque, 2012)d experienced male domination. Secondly, I went
through a lot of news portals and articles for collecting data on male suffocation about women’s
mastery. Thirdly, I asked a few people who have seen other men be oppressed by women or
females. Last but not least, I went through a lot of law books and articles from several states that
don’t allow any rights for males and also any kind of mention of male rights.
1.8. Source of Data:
I will use here two types of data: primary data and secondary data. Here 40 percent of primary
data and 60 percent will use secondary data.

1.9. Area of the study:

I will take a case from Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka, and online also. Here I may use cases from
newspapers comparatively to relate incidents for my research purpose.

©Daffodil International University

 CHAPTER TWO
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

2. Concept of Man Harassment: The concept of man harassment refers to unwanted attention
or behavior, typically of a sexual nature, directed towards men. It is a form of gender-based
violence that has a long history and has been recognized as a social problem for centuries. The
term became widely used in the 20th century as part of the feminist movement, which aimed to
address issues of gender inequality and raise awareness of the experiences of women who have
been subjected to harassment and abuse.
Man, harassment is a global issue and is prevalent in many countries around the world. It can
take various forms, including physical, verbal, and online harassment, and can occur in a range
of settings, including the workplace, school, and public spaces. The spread of men’s harassment
is often attributed to patriarchal cultural norms that promote toxic masculinity and objectify or
belittle men. However, it is important to note that men’s harassment is not limited to any specific
culture or geographic region and can affect individuals of any race, ethnicity, or socioeconomic
status. Man, harassment is also a problem in Bangladesh. It can take various forms, including
physical, verbal, and online harassment. For example, in Bangladesh, men working in low-wage
jobs, such as rickshaw pullers or construction workers, are often subjected to verbal abuse and
harassment by their employers or customers. Additionally, men who are perceived to be gay or
transgender may also face harassment and discrimination, including physical violence, in
Bangladesh. The spread of man harassment in Bangladesh, as well as other countries, highlights
the need for greater awareness of this issue and for policies and programs to be put in place to
address it.

Man, harassment is a global problem and affects individuals in many countries, not just
Bangladesh. The extent and nature of man harassment can vary depending on the country,
cultural norms, and other factors. For example, in some countries, men who are victims of sexual
harassment or assault may be more likely to suffer in silence and face stigma due to cultural
attitudes that discourage them from speaking out or seeking help. In other countries, laws and
policies may not adequately protect men who are victims of harassment or may not recognize
men as potential victims. Therefore, the extent of men’s harassment in a given country can be
difficult to quantify, but it is a serious issue that deserves attention and action.

2.1- Definition of gender discrimination:

Gender discrimination is when someone is treated unequally or unfavourably based on their
gender but not necessarily sexual in nature.

©Daffodil International University

Discrimination
The differential treatment of an individual or group of people based on their race, colour,
national origin, religion, sex (including pregnancy and gender identity), age, marital and parental
status, disability, sexual orientation, or genetic information.

2.2- Definition of Human Rights:

Human rights are the basic rights and freedom that belongs to every person in the world, from
birth until death. The word "Human Rights" is made up of two words namely human and rights.
A right here refers to an entity or a claim that is ascribed to a person.
Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings, regardless of race, sex, Nationality,
ethnicity, language, religion, or any other state. Human rights include –the right to life, freedom
from slavery, freedom from torture, right to work and education, equal treatment 1
The New Encyclopaedia Britannica state that - “Rights thought to belong to an individual under
the natural law as a consequence of his being Human”.

2.3- Definition of Harassment:

Harassment referees any conduct that is unwanted by the recipient and which the perpetrator
ought to know is offensive or annoying. I would like to define male harassment as any form of
torture that harasses a man verbally, physically, mentally, emotionally, financially, or sexually in
any way in the family, society, or anywhere by the abuse laws. The purpose of harassment may
be different. For instance, it may include personal malice or racial prejudice. Some people harass
others to force somebody to quit their job, while others apply illegal pressure to collect a debt 2

Types and examples of harassment

Harassment covers a wide range of unwanted behaviour including physical contact and verbal
abuse that causes emotional distress to the harasser. Mentioned a few types of harassment:
 Domestic violence
 Abuse of elderly or dependent adults
 Workplace violence or harassment
 sexual harassment
 Civil harassment
 Criminal harassment

1
Al Faruque, Abdullah (October, 2015). Philosophical and Historical Origin of Human Rights, International Human rights Law: Protection
Mechanism and Contemporary Issue.New warsi book Corporation.p–18.
2
Yogeethasai.(2020).Harassment on Men, Legal service in India E-journal.https://www.legalserviceindia.com/legal/article-3888-harassment-on-
men.html.
7

©Daffodil International University

  Cyberbullying.3

2.4Definition of unequal treatment

Unequal treatment means unfairly treating people in every sector. Unequal treatment means 'to
be inexplicably and unfairly treated differently to others, carrying the risk of being pushed
outside of the workplace community4
2.5 Definition of Domestic violence
According to the domestic violence (protection and prevention) Act2010, section 3, domestic
violence means physical abuse, psychological abuse, sexual abuse, or economic abuse against a
woman or a child of a family by any other person of that family with whom the victim is, or has
been, in family relationship. Domestic violence is the same, whether it happens to men, women,
or children.
There are many different types of domestic violence, including:
1) Physical assault — punching, slapping, hitting, scratching
2) Bullying
3) Emotional and psychological abuse — yelling, put-downs, being ignored
4) Limiting decision-making — having all decisions made for you
5) Social isolation — not being able to see your family or friends
6) Dominating behaviour — behaviour that frightens, harms, or controls you

CHAPTER THREE
INEQUALITY WITHIN LEGAL INSTRUMENTS

3.1 Equality In the constitution:

3
Esq,E.F.(30November,2021).Harassment.Findlaw.Url: https://www.findlaw.com/criminal/criminal-charges/harassment.htm
4
https://www.miun.se/en/staff/employee/health-and-safety-management-and-rehabilitation/systematic-health-
and-safety-management/unequal-
treatment#:~:text='%20Unequal%20treatment%20means%20'to%20be,insulting%20or%20ostracising%20a%20coll
eague
8

©Daffodil International University

In the constitution, under article 27 right to equality is mentioned. All citizens are equal before
the law and are entitled to equal protection of the law. And Article 28 of the constitution
mentioned that all citizens must be treated without any bias based on gender, ethnicity, race, etc.
But issues related to men are not given enough recognition as compared to issues related to
women.
3.2. Rights guaranteed by other laws only for women, not Men.
We can take into account, that there are many sections under the penal code such as sections
375,376, Nari o sishu Nirjatan daman Ain 2000, Dowry Prohibition Act 1980, and Acid crime
prevention Act 2002. Which are made for the protection of women? The laws of Bangladesh are
women-friendly and can easily be used to harass a man by abusing respective provisions as well.
For women, there have many Conventions like the cedaw adopted by theGeneralAssemblyand
The CEDAW Convention is built on three fundamental principles: non-discrimination, state
obligations, and substantive equality. Non-discrimination is integral to the concept of equality.
There is no Convention for Men. So cedaw talked about the non-discrimination principle but it
discriminated implied way.
Legal abuse is responsible not only for injustice for male individuals but also responsible for a
male’s physical, psychological even overall societal health. There are many laws that specially
deal with harassment and violence against women and children in Bangladesh. Such as the
Domestic Violence (Prevention and Protection) Act, 2010 But we do not have any special
provision regarding violence against men. The purpose of this paper is to explore the abusive
provisions of respective legislations which goes ultimately in the interest of males and provoke
females to abuse laws against males, whereas there is no legal protection for males against the
harassment of a female. I would like to draw your attention to some provisions of the concerned
legislation regarding this issue.

Firstly, section 354 of the Penal Code, of 1860 deals with using Criminal Force to outrage the
modesty of Women. It appears that using criminal force on any woman with the intention to
outrage her modesty is punishable. This provision is to ensure the safety of the woman. But it is
being misused at the present time just to take revenge or to harass.
For example, A man talked to a woman standing on the road about any misunderstanding
between them, without using any kind of force or any intention to outrage her modesty. Here, if
the woman claims that, that man was forced to outrage her modesty by stopping her on the road,
then unless the fact is proved wrong the man shall be harassed.
Secondly, if we read section 375 of the penal code 1860, it appears that, if a man does certain
things, then such an act is considered rape. But if any women do the same kind of act, then such
an act is not considered rape according to this section. The same kind of act, for a male, is
considered rape, and for a female, it is nothing. Moreover, section 376 of the same code is proof
that the punishment for a male offender is clearly stated but no such statement for the female
offender is found. It is absolutely a gender-biased law and inadequate to ensure justice for the
male victim.
Thirdly, if we go through section 493 of the penal Code, 1860 which deals with deceitful
cohabitation we find that any man making any woman believe that she is lawfully married to him
9

©Daffodil International University

and to induce her for co-habitation is punishable for males. It can be easily misused by any
woman if she herself makes any man believe that they are lawfully married and induces him to
cohabit, but then claims that the man did this by making her believe to be married, or after
having sexual intercourse with her full consent, she can intentionally charge the man of such
offense of making her believe to be married, with any purpose to harass or to take revenge.
Fourthly, according to section 497 of the penal code, 1860 if any man has sexual intercourse
with another man’s wife, then the male offender shall be punished with five years’
imprisonment. Under this section, the offender is considered only the male, the wife of such
another man is technically exempted from punishment. Any woman being a part of this offense
can easily misuse this provision to harass any man she wants, under this provision, by
intentionally doing such offense with him, or by denying of having consent and claiming his act
as rape.
Fifthly, if we analyze section 509 of the penal code, 1860 then we may find that if any person
intending to insult the modesty of any woman, makes any sound or gesture, or exhibits any
object, intending that such word or sound shall be heard, or intrudes upon the privacy of such
woman, then such person shall be punished for one-year imprisonment. But if any female does
the same act towards any male, then it is not considered an offense.
Sixthly, if we go through section 3 of the Domestic Violence (Prevention and Protection) Act
2010, It categorizes violence against a female into some aspects which are not appropriate. It is
easier for a female to use these sections as a sword towards a male when any kind of issues arise
between them in their daily life. The female fighter can file vexatious litigation at any time under
this section because there is no way to measure this kind of abuse Prima Facie. The real
complaint of men is that they are being abused mentally, not physically, by women. Although
there is no remedy in the customary law of Bangladesh for a mentally abused person, a person
who is exhausted due to mental abuse can divorce his wife.
Seventhly, The Women and Children Repression Prevention Act, of 2000 was enacted to make
the necessary provisions for the elimination of crimes against women and children. It is reported
in various media that this law is often misused by women for whose protection the law was
enacted. According to Act only women and children can file a case if they are victims of abuse.
Men cannot file a case under this law. And if a woman files a false case against a man under the
concerned Act, only then the man can file a case against that woman under section 16 and the
woman can be jailed for up to 7 years for filing a false case.
Under Section 7 of the Women and Children Repression Prevention Act, 2000 we see that if a
boy and a girl run away against the family and get married with their consent, then if the girl is
less than 14 years of age, the guardian of girl can file a case against the boy under this section.
The guardian of the respective boy can’t do so.
As per section 9(a) of the same Act, if a woman dies due to her personal or abnormal death, her
family places her responsibility on her husband. Or say that he tortured her to incite her to
commit suicide which is not always true. Section 9 (1) of the Prevention of Women and Children
Repression Prevention Act, 2000 excluded any scope of justice for male rape victims. And
Section 20 talks about the Sexual Harassment of women, as men can never be harassed.

10

©Daffodil International University

As per section 10 of the Women and Children Repression Prevention Act, 2000 unlawful
touching or molesting any woman, or touching her with any of his body parts, or somehow with
any object this provision is for protecting women from any kind of sexual harassment or teasing.
This provision can also be misused by women to allege any man for any such offense even
though he didn’t do anything as prescribed under this provision. Men can be harassed by false
allegations within this provision by misusing it by any woman.

Section 11 of the Women and Children Repression Prevention Act, 2000 is another example of
male abusive provision. Recent research shows, as the rate of divorce is increasing in the society
of Bangladesh, the number of fake cases under section 11 of this Act is also increasing every day
by day. When a divorce notice is served by a husband, some women, not everyone, use this
section 11 as a means of taking revenge against the person who served the divorce notice.
It is true that some women want to make their marriage last for the sake of their kids, but some
are there in our society who take it personally and take revenge when a divorce notice is served
upon them. They find it easier to file a dowry case under section 11 of the Act to compel their
husbands to come back and reconcile.
Eighthly, if we go through section 5 of the Dissolution of Muslim Marriage Act, 1939, it appears
that if there is any amount of dower money due it must be provided to the wife, at the time of
divorce and failure of providing it, can cause the husband legal punishment. This provision was
made to ensure the right of every Muslim woman to dower money. But we often see many
women misusing this provision either by Marrying only for the dower money and divorcing
within a few months and claiming the money by taking legal support or, by taking any kind of
revenge or harassing her husband, claiming any amount of dower money which is already
provided but somehow, she is denying of such fact and taking legal support against her husband.

CHAPTER FOUR
MENSTATUS IN BANGLADESH

4.1. Oppression of Man in the context of Bangladesh:

11

©Daffodil International University

If we look at the existing legal process, it will be seen that Section 2(e), (k) under the Nari O
sishu nirjaton daman Ain 2000 and Section 9 which refers to Section 375 of the Penal Code, a
holistic approach of interpretation can be seen. Apart from women, there is a provision for
judicial redress for various sexual cases of abuse including rape of girls and boys up to the age of
16 years. But there is no specific legal provision in getting justice for the rape of boys above 16
years of age and adult men even if they are harassed by sexual harassment there is no specific
definition, punishmentorprovision.
It is very important to bring male rape into the concept of rape otherwise this violence will
become an epidemic like female rape.
In Extra-marital extramarital affairs:
In which a married man or woman is involved with another person or persons who is not the
married husband or wife of that woman or man is called an extramarital affair. As a result of this
type of unhealthy relationship, from divorce to suicide, murder, and injury, terrible crimes have
occurred in society. The legal framework of this country places responsibility on men for such
extra-marital affairs, and as a result, men suffer losses directly and indirectly. The relevant
provision is mentioned in sections 493 to 498 of the Penal Code, 1860. When enacting these
sections, the British thought that women were idle and it was normal for such crimes to be
committed against them. But now the era has changed, and such crimes can now be organized
from both sides. So, for men, there is no provision regarding extramarital affairs.
Breach of trust in a relationship:
In today's age, it is very normal to fall in love after seeing one another. And where there is love,
it is normal to break trust. However, this reaction is not natural for either men or women. In
particular, if the effect of this breach of trust is seen on both men and women, due to being a
patriarchal society, in most cases men have to bear the cost of this breach of trust. And the legal
remedies for this breach of trust are very vague and few, if any, are difficult to obtain.
Many consider it a mere criminal offense and criminal breach of trust under section 406 of the
Penal Code, 1860. However, this section is very narrowly construed, which makes it difficult to
obtain a remedy for such a judgment under this section. We can see that the allegations are
directed at men that they are committed sexual harassment with their loved ones, and tried to
Rape with the lure of marriage. And the adult women were also directed to these allegations
where they both have consent in intimacy. When trust is broken, they both have some reason and
most of the women misuse the provision that was made for them 5
In domestic violence:
A man cannot take legal recourse even if he is tortured by his wife. In most cases, they are
trying to adapt to the torture of their wives silently, forced by the fear of their children's future,
social status, shame, jail police, and vice-versa. Men cannot talk about torture even if they want

5
Arifin.Riyad(10april,2022).Where is the protection in legal
instrument?Thelawyersclub.url: https://lawyersclubbangladesh.com/2022/04/10/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7
%87-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B7-
%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7
%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D/
12

©Daffodil International University

to. On the other hand, if a woman abuses the law, she can easily file a women abuse case or
dowry case against the man in the police station or court.
According to Section 3 of The Domestic Violence Act 2010, domestic violence means physical
abuse, psychological abuse, sexual abuse, or economic abuse 'against a woman or a child' of a
family by any other person of that family with whom the victim is, or has been, in family
relationship.
This definition itself ignores a man's status as a victim of domestic violence, and hence it is self-
discriminatory. As the Act overlooks domestic violence against men, it deprives men of seeking
legal help in case of abuse by women or any other member of the family6
Socio-cultural and Psychological Dimensions of Violence against Men
There can be various reasons for violence against men in a domestic environment.
Socio-cultural:
It has been observed that less income, education up to the middle class, nuclear family setup, and
the influence of alcohol were risk factors for violence against men. An earning spouse with
education up to graduation was found to be the risk factor for bidirectional physical violence.
Caste and socioeconomic status were not found significantly associated with violence against
men. It was observed that the couples where the spouse is earning and educated up to graduation,
physical violence can be committed by both spouses against each other 7
Psychological:
Many women have serious anger management issues and because of this they become
aggressive, and verbal or physical abuse takes place. Women facing stress at the workplace have
frustration and anger due to the non-fulfilment of expectations and thus also can indulge in
violentbehaviour. Financial constraints due to the husband’s poor income or more income by the
wife may also be one of the factors leading to violence.

4.2. Weapons for men oppression in Bangladesh:

Even though there are provisions for gender equality in the Bangladeshi constitution. However,
men are always at a loss. Threats, harassment, and the filing of fictitious cases against men are
all becoming common forms of torture.
In a Muslim marriage, a dower is a necessary component. When it comes to marriage, women in
this nation's social system demand 20 or 30 lakhs in debt, write it down in a kabinnama, and pay
them half a lac taka. However, in Islam, the dowry must be paid on the wedding day. This dowry
later turns against the husband when there is marital strife. The cost of dowry has left many men
today empty and penniless. Dr. Akash, a genius from Chittagong, passed away too soon because

6
Dewan,Md.Fahmedul. (29,november,2021).How to address domestic violence
againstmeninBangladesh.Thebusinessstandard.https://www.tbsnews.net/thoughts/how-address-domestic-violence-against-men-
bangladesh-336208?amp=
7
Malik J.S.(2019).A cross-sectional study of gender based violence against
menintheruralareaHaryana,India.IndianJcommumed.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30983711/
13

©Daffodil International University

he was unable to pay the additional dowry. He also knew about his wife's extramarital affairs but
there is no law for punishing women for extramarital affairs.
When marital strife begins, whether it be by women or men, dowry cases become a tool for
women. The end result is that a false case can ruin a beautiful family. False case filing is a crime
that can result in punishment under Section 211 of the Penal Code. Even if a man proves his
innocence, he must endure a difficult situation when a false case is filed against him. At that
point, the man and his family must endure public humiliation.
The Muslim Divorce Act of 1939 empowered the wife to divorce. However, it goes without
saying that abuse of this power is the most common today. If there is discord between the
husband and wife for any reason if the wife is divorced due to her disciplined attitude, or if the
wife is involved in an extramarital affair and the husband is aware of it and has a disagreement
with her about it, the wife and her family members can be brought to the police station or the
court under Section 11(b) of Nari o Shishu nirjaton Daman Ain 2000 or Dowry prevention Act-
1980. A single case filed under Section 4 is enough to ruin a man's life. Even if a man is tortured
by his wife, he cannot seek legal redress. Most of the time, they are trying to adapt to their wives'
torture silently, compelled by the fear of their children's future, social status, shame, jail police,
and vice versa. Even if they wanted to, men are unable to discuss torture. If a woman, on the
other hand, violates the law, she can easily file a woman abuse or dowry case against the man in
the police station or court8

4.3. Gaps in the legal framework:

A significant proportion of victims of rape or other sexual violence incidents are male. Rape was
traditionally considered to be committed only against women, and it was also defined as such.
Although some regions of the world still hold on to this belief, male rape is now frequently
criminalized and is a topic of greater discussion than it once was. Male rape is still considered
wrong and carries a bad stigma among heterosexual and homosexual men. A male victim may
find it challenging to report the sexual assault he underwent, particularly in a culture where
strong masculine customs are prevalent. Unless they have significant physical injuries, though
male victims typically try to conceal and deny their victimization. Eventually, when the male
victims seek medical or mental health services, they might be evasive in their explanations of
their wounds.
Parity claims that men are treated as second-class victims when it comes to domestic violence.
Police or council authorities do not give much importance to their complaints. Parity researcher
John Mays said: 'Legal authorities, particularly the police, do not usually bring abused men into
the situation. It is not uncommon for them to act on behalf of men.' He said that the plight of
men is also neglected in the media. "Culturally, it's difficult for men to bring domestic abuse to

8
Islam, faizul.(13 june,2022). Needs, context and a review of anti-male violence laws in Bangladesh.Lawyers club
Bangladesh.https://lawyersclubbangladesh.com/2022/06/13/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%B
E%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87-
%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B7-
%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8/
14

©Daffodil International University

the attention of the authorities," Mays said. Men are generally reluctant to admit they have been
abused9
The crime of rape has sharply increased recently in Bangladesh. The victim in this situation is
typically a child. Child refers to both a boy and a girl. However, the general perception is that
Men or boys are not sexually assaulted or harassed. The crime of sexually harassing, abusing, or
raping a male child has increased over the past few years. Most often, teachers or senior students
commit crimes in educational institutions. Even though the CRC definition of non-discrimination
is incorporated into the Bangladesh Constitution’s list of fundamental rights, broader cultural and
religious traditions frequently combine to produce circumstances where discrimination occurs.
Children experience age-based and gender-based discrimination, respectively. According to the
statistics, child homicides, rapes, and other acts of violence increased by 7 percent, 28 percent,
and 33 percent in 2017 compared to 2016. A BBC Bangla report on the rape of a male child was
published on August 19, 2019. According to BBC, the number of rapes involving male children
has increased. Most victims don’t receive legal assistance, and cases are filed under section 377
of the Penal Code, which isn’t the right legal framework. In the aforementioned report, data from
cases involving 11 male children who were raped between January and June 2019 were shown.
15 in 2017, 9 in 2018, and a man named JamalUddin from the Telihati Tepirbari village of
Sreepurupazila in Gazipur committed suicide on August 19, 2019, following an alleged gang
rape. Jamal Uddin had allegedly recorded the incident, demanded a payoff, and later threatened
to post the video on social media if he didn’t receive it. There is a legal conundrum in our current
legal system to ensure justice for the victim of a male child or male person in case of sexual
harassment or rape against their will. Sections 375, 376and 377 of the Penal Code of 1860, as
well as Sections 9 and 10 of the Prevention of Women Children oppression Act of 2000
(hereinafter the Act of 2000), define and punish rape and sexual harassment, respectively 10
It should be noted that Section 3 of The Act 2000 mandates precedence over any currently in
effect laws. In order to determine the legal position regarding the rape and sexual harassment of
a male or male child by a man or woman, let the laws be examined. Rape is defined as the
provision stated in section 375 of the Penal Code-1860 in consideration of provision section 9 of
this Act, according to Section 2(e) of the Act of 2000. A man is said to have committed rape if,
with the exception of the situations specifically mentioned below, he engages in sexual activity
with a woman in any of the five situations listed in Section 375 of the Penal Code of 1860. This
section fully explains what is meant when a woman is raped by a man. The phrase rape against a
man or male child is excluded. The same is true of section 9(1) of the Act of 2000, which states
that any man who rapes any woman or child shall be punished with rigorous life imprisonment in
addition to the fine. The rape of a woman is explained, but no justification for the use of the
word child is provided. The word in section 9(1) has a horizontal interpretation. In contrast to
section 375 of the Penal Code of 1860, which does not allow for male or male child rape, section
9(1) of the Act of 2000 does not restrict male children, it is important to examine the child,

9
Kobit. (23 June,2014).Male violence is a pressing social
problem.somewhereinblog. https://m.somewhereinblog.net/mobile/blog/kobid/29960185
10
Nasreen,zobaida.(29August,2019).Rapeof males: It’s all about patriarchy.The daily
star. https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/perspective/news/rape-males-its-all-about-patriarchy-1791991

15

©Daffodil International University

which includes both male and female children. So, the question of whether the Prevention of
Woman & Children Repression Act of 2000 covers rape against a male child is a matter of legal
contention.
Similarly, sexual harassment against male children is covered by Section 10 of the Act of
2000,but it does not cover adult males. This section only addresses women and children. In this
regard, an adult man accused of sexual harassment may seek relief under Section 511 of the
Penal Code- 1860 if the offense is classified as an attempt to engage in carnal intercourse under
Section 377 of the Penal Code. In our nation, rape against a male child or adult is a crime that is
prosecuted under section 377 of the Penal Code-1860. Section 377 in question is as follows:
Whoever engages in voluntary carnal intercourse with any man, woman, or animal in violation of
nature and order shall be punished by life imprisonment or by imprisonment of either description
for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be subject to fine. If we carefully read
this clause, we discover that whoever freely engages in sexual activity is contrary to the laws of
nature with any man, woman, or animal. That indicates that voluntary carnal intercourse that
violates the natural order is punishable under section 377. The victim’s will in this case is
irrelevant. Only offense will be given precedence. Any sexual action or inaction is not
elaborately explained. According to the Cambridge Dictionary, carnal means physical desires
and feelings and the act of engaging in sexual activity. Carnal intercourse is another phase that
denotes Sodomy.
The Prevention of Woman & Children Act of 2000 has recently been used by some police
stations to file cases involving allegations of rape against male children, and many other police
stations have looked into cases under section 377 of the Penal Code.
It is interesting to note that neither the Bangladesh Supreme Court nor the relevant Ministry has
issued a clear directive or order. It’s time to update the law to include a gender-neutral definition
of rape and to enact legislation that will help male victims of rape, particularly male children,
receivejustice.Bangladeshhas strict laws in place to safeguard women and kids from sexual abuse
and domestic violence. However, there is no legislation protecting the rights of men 11
Domestic violence is defined as "physical abuse, psychological abuse, sexual abuse, or economic
abuse against a woman or a child" of a family by any other member of that family with whom
the victim is, or has been, in a family relationship, as per Section 3 of The Domestic Violence
Act 2010.
This definition is self-discriminatory because it disregarded a man's status as a victim of
domestic abuse. The Act forbids men from seeking legal assistance in cases of abuse by women
or any other family member because it ignores domestic violence against men.
It is undeniable that in our society, male violence is often happening openly or in the privacy of
the public eye. In different areas, the husband has to be beaten by his wife almost every night.
The poor husband can't open his mouth because of shame and fear of socialites.How many
hundreds of incidents are happening all over the country, if you turn the pages of the newspaper
every day, you will see divorce cases, cases and attacks, sacrifices of estrangement, and many
other incidents that are suppressed? In this way, hundreds of men are being tortured by their

11
.Hossain,jakir.(2019).LegalDilemmaonRapeofMalein
Bangladesh.Academia.edu.https://www.academia.edu/40272117/Legal_Dilemma_on_Rape_of_Male_in_Bangladesh
16

©Daffodil International University

wives every day, but they are unable to take legal recourse. He is unable to open his mouth
about his torture due to fear of self-esteem, social shame, and court appearance. But if a woman
wanted, she could arrange this incident and file a case in the police station or court. Apart from
this, women abuse cases are being chosen in various places to destroy a family. Because the
case is easily prosecuted and the case is generally non-bailable. But a man cannot go to the
police station and file a case if he wants to.

4.4: Applicability of law for the Man

While there are laws for the protection of women in the country's judiciary, there is no law for
the protection of men. As a result, the men of this country are tortured in silence, but people do
not open their mouths for fear of shame. Everyone laughs at the matter, but in the current
situation, the law is absolutely necessary for men.
Countless men are silently tolerating various types of harassment and threats from their wives
day after day, thinking about their appearance and family. Various organizations working on
men's rights say that many men in society cry silently over the pain of their wives. Go behind the
people's eyes and wipe your eyes, but there is no one to see. There is no way to say. Demands are
being made from various circles to stop male torture, but the biggest regret is that there is no law
for male torture in the country.
Men are also being harassed and abused by women in various ways outside the home. A Survey
from Dhaka University's Social Welfare and Research Institute found that 36 percent of wives
insulted their husbands using foul language, which the victim husbands admitted to us. Apart
from that, the issue of psychological torture of husbands by listening to humiliating words about
their husband's economic status, appearance, efficiency and not being able to meet various needs
has come up in that study.
Many times, it is seen that many women want to dominate others with their economic power or
want to take control of the family. In this case, usually wants to trick the husband. Being
captured by this technique is a form of torture. Family and society should be harmonious and of
equal status. If one shows dominance over the other, these problems will never be resolved and
there will be no peace in the family.
In our patriarchal society, men are ahead of women in many ways. Men are ahead in education,
ahead in the economy, and ahead in status, so there is no opportunity for men to be abused
structurally. If a person is abused by a man, we need to think about whether we see it as 'male
abuse' or as a 'crime'. Because girls are still structurally backward. So structurally men are less
likely to be victimized. But here individual men can be abused. Therefore, it is inappropriate to
call male violence in the same way as women's violence is called. Because women are socially
backward, in such a situation when the word 'male oppression' is used, the opposite word of the
word female oppression is used12

12
Nasreen,zobaida.( 29 August, 2019). Rape of males: It’s all about patriarchy.The daily
star. https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/perspective/news/rape-males-its-all-about-patriarchy-1791991

17

©Daffodil International University

My main point as a sociologist is to be careful not to trivialize patriarchal oppression by talking
about male oppression. I don't agree to see it as gender harassment if a man is abused. Because
gender inequality does not exist between men and women.So, in this case, we can use the word
'humanitarian torture' instead of using the word male torture. A man is being persecuted. But it is
not due to gender discrimination. Therefore, there is no need for a separate law for such cases.
Rather, humanitarian law is needed. Where torturing a person will be judged. A separate law
would be a hot decision.
Our social system is neither Islamic values nor Western values. None of us like it. There is quite
a mixed system going on here. For example, in Islamic culture, there is a rule to give and collect
dowry to the wife. In our country dowry is not collected at the time of marriage. Reverse dowry
also happens. As a result, it is not going according to the Islamic way of thinking. On the other
hand, efforts are being made to implement western laws for women in the face of the demands of
women's rights activists in our country. But in the West, the law is not only for women but the
system there has the opportunity of law for both women and men.
Considering that women are backward, there is a lot of abuse because there is a separate law for
women. There are many false cases. In addition, in case of divorce, the man always has to pay
compensation. But the matter should have been such as to cause the dissolution of the marriage
or to pay damages to the person who is going to dissolve it. So overall it would be better if there
is a humanitarian law instead of a separate law for women and men. In that case, whoever is
aggrieved will have the opportunity to take shelter from the law.
Moreover, some sections of the Prevention of Violence against Women and Children Act, 2000,
Section 354, Section 509 of the Penal Code have provided free protection to women to avoid eve
teasing, but in some cases, it is also used as a tool for men to be victims of violence. The reason
can be said that what type of speech or gesture can cause someone's honor or molestation is not
clearly defined in the law. And if someone does the same against men or if Adam teases, there is
no remedy in the existing law, which is required in society.

CHAPTER FIVE
CASE STUDIES

18

©Daffodil International University

 Case Study 1:
Government official Mahmoud Haque (pseudonym) has been living alone for twenty years after
separating from his wife. After ten years of marriage, his wife committed adultery and left for
another man. A son and a daughter were born in Mahmudul Haque’s 10-year family life. He said
I got married at an older age. My wife was studying Honours. After marriage, my responsibility
is to complete my Honours-Masters. Then his extravagant lifestyle made me wonder. Used to
socialize with different friends. If I said anything, the family members were informed that I was
being tortured. Once quarrelled with me and had no contact for 10 days. Later I came to know
that she had gone to Cox's Bazar with another son. This is how the family was going. I would not
say anything to anyone. Only the closest two knew. Thus, one day, in the middle of family
turmoil, I left my children and ran away with the hands of another man. He then came into the
open by effecting a divorce and remarriage. He did not stop without me, after the new marriage
he told everyone that I am physically disabled. That's why he left me. Children are living with
that ink of disability. I had to listen to taunts for my wife's promiscuity in the market and even in
the office. Most women make such dirty allegations against men after adultery 13

Case Study 2:
A wealthy businessman of Dhaka Chawkbazar, who does not want to be named, got married in
2015. A few days after the marriage, his wife comes home with her boyfriend. The husband
could not accept this. If there is disharmony between them due to the disorderly behavior of the
wife, the wife divorces the husband with false accusations. Declares husband disabled to his
family. Although the businessman remarried two years after the incident, he currently has a two-
foot-tall son at home. To whom will the men judge this harassment? Hence the need of the hour
to enact male violence laws.14

Case Study 3:
Two male students.X and Mr.Y used to live in the same dormitory at a reputed university in
Bangladesh. One night one of them was physically assaulted byother. However, this matter is
handled very discreetly by the university so that the news does not spread outside. The boy who
was physically abused later received no further justice, and did not proceed to justice because of
the shame in society, also the reputation of the University.

13
Yusuf,JakariaIbne.(20 February, 2018).Violence against men in the family isincreasing.Jugantor.http://www.jugantor.com/todays-
paper/features/protimoncho/19672/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%
A7%87-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B7-
%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7
%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%98%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE-
%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9C%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87

14
IBID
19

©Daffodil International University

 Case study 4:
Riaz (pseudonym) passed his MSc from a public university and worked in a private bank.
Riaz'sa happy family with one brother and one sister and parents. Married Isha (pseudonym) as
a family member. After a few years of marriage, wife Isha pressured her in various ways to
separate from the family. Every night after returning home from the office, where he spends
time with his family in peace, his wife starts quarreling with him about various petty issues.
Riaz is an educated, very modest, and intelligent man. He analyzed the faults of other family
members and saw that Isha's goal was to separate from the family. He tried to convince his wife
in various ways and even Isha's family was informed about the matter. Riaz was also a victim of
mental and sometimes physical abuse by his wife.

Case study 5:
Jalal Mia is the son of the deceased Khalilur Rahman of Mithapukur village in Adair Union of
Upazila. 25 years ago, he married Monowara Khatun, daughter of Raich Ali of Gangail village
of Bahara Union of the same Upazila. They have three children in their married life. After five
years of marriage, he moved to Kuwait to earn income.A Kuwaiti expatriate held a press
conference about his wife's cheating. His name is Md. Jalal Mia In a press conference at
Madhavpur Press Club in Habiganjonhe complained, 'I earn money by working hard on foreign
soil. I send money to my wife's bank account every month. And my wife spends most of this
money on her estranged lover." In the press conference, Jalal Mia also said, "Since I asked for an
account of the money before I came to the country, my wife Manwara and her estranged lover, a
man named DulalMia from the same area, have been threatening to kill me. person. He said, "I
come to the country after three or four years. Earning income abroad and sending money to
wife's account. I came to the country last March 25. I sent lakhs of rupees and gold ornaments
to my wife while I was abroad. On this occasion, Manwara Begum indulged in adultery with her
neighborDulal Mia. When I heard about this incident and protested the misdeeds of my wife and
Dulal back home, they abused me unspeakably and threatened to kill me and hide my body 15
Case study 6:
Mr. Imran got married in 2018. The girl was an American citizen. He married me with a secret.
Later she married another person and moved to America and demanded ten lacks from him. At
one point, when he got a divorce, they filed dowry and women abuse cases in his name. Warrant
in the name of his father, mother, and him. The case is still ongoing. Several other police
stations have filed complaints against him16

15
Ahmed,Salauddin.( 7 April, 2022).My wife spends most of the money on her extramarital affairs.BD 24
live.http://facebook.com/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bd24live.com%2Fbangla%2F460929%2F&h=AT2sQqFBP5QuODUW6AHc
vobue5ZWrRcb84E1Do2lg46oWgzDiKccGwEfqB8WMeIiTm82UaKtALKnjVg5kXqMRiUoFbsmozueuSvyzEIa_BRuS4ecAYUcJwDJH
PH8-7Dsc
16
19 November, 2019). Male abuse: how much is really happening? Society is avoiding?. BBC News
Bangla.https://www.bbc.com/bengali/news-50471058

20

©Daffodil International University

 Case study 7:
Mrs. Jamila (pseudonym), saw his brother face physical torture by his wife. His wife slapped him
and Mrs. Jamila saw by herself that his brother's wife chases his brother with a chopper or axe.
But her brother didn’t F.I.R or file a suit Against his wife. Because there is no law for m

CHAPTER-SIX
DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION

In my survey, I followed two processes one is field and another one is an online survey. Here the
participants were 270 and I asked them 14 questions. And on the basis of sixquestions, I
designed my survey data analysis which is attached below with a question.

21

©Daffodil International University

 Types of Harrasment

7% 9%
0%

84%

physical mental sexually others

Result analysis : There are 84% man who is suffering mental harassment and others 7% and
physical harassment faced 9%.

22

©Daffodil International University

 DO You face Harrasment ?

35%
yes
No
65%

Result analysis : 65% that means almost 176 manfaced harassment and 94 person said they
didn’t face any harassment.

Are you aware of Men

being harassed in
Bangladesh?

0%

Yes
No

100%

Result analysis: 270 people said that they are aware of Men being harrased in Bangladesh.
Bangladesh

23

©Daffodil International University

 Have you ever seen someone being harassed?

18%

yes
No

82%

Result analysis: Almost 82% that means 223 people have seen someone being harassed and 47
peoplesaid No.

Does the harassment happen to you all the time?

20%

Sometimes
Always
14%
Neverhappend

66%

24

©Daffodil International University

 Result analysis :54
54 person said they faces sometimes and 38 said they faced the harassment
always and 66% that means 178 said never happen with them.

Do you think there is more law enforcement space for women than men in Bangladesh?

4%

Yes
No

96%

Result analysis: 260 people said yes they think that there is more law enforcement space for
women than Men in Bangladesh. And 10 people said No and In this 10 people there are some
boys and girls.

25

©Daffodil International University

Table 1: survey question and frequency with percentage showed bellow:

Serial Question Option Participation Percentage

No.
1 Do you face harassment A) Yes 270 A) 65 %
B) No Yes- 176 B) 35 %
No- 94
2. Are you aware of Men A) Yes A) 270 A) 100%
being harassed in B) No B) 0 B) 0%
Bangladesh?
3. Have you ever seen A) Yes A) 223 A) 82%
someone being B) No B) 47 B) 18 %
harassed?
4. Does the harassment A) Sometimes A) 54 A) 20%
happen to you all the B) Always B) 38 B) 14%
time? C) Never C) 178 C) 66%
Happened
5. Do you think there is A) Yes A) 260 A) 96%
more law enforcement B) No B)10 B) 4%
space for women than
men in Bangladesh?
6. Is there need to enact A) Yes A) 176 A) 65%
men violation law in B) No B) 0 B) 0%
Bangladesh? C) Obviously C) 94 C) 35%
need

Result analysis:
In online and offline surveys almost, everyone said that there is a needed law for men. It may be
neutral law, a special law for men or a modification of law which is for women.96% of Men
think that women have more opportunity to enforce the law rather and only 4% of people think
that it is okay for women. 65% of People think Law Against male harassment is needed, and
35% of people feel that obviously It’s needed. They overemphasize the necessity. Almost 23%
of boys shared that their girlfriends mentally tortured them. Some of them shared that they felt
shame in front of people when a girl slapped them publicly. 14% of boys faced torture always
and 20% of boys faced harassment sometimes.21% saw to face harassment mentally and 9% saw
physical also other types of harassment. And the oppression of Man in Bangladesh 100% of
people knows about it. And Many men shared their opinion that –It is acommon scenario, that
wife sometimes creates pressure on her husband to provide all kinds of facilities to her. They
face verbally abused, face discrimination in the Workplace, get low marks in the academic
area, get fewer facilities than women, face torture of economic crises, and didn’t give chance
to contact their husbands with the husband’s band family. So, there is necessary law for them
or modify the law which is for women like dowry prohibition Act ,Nari o sishu nirjatan
daman ain 2000and penal code section 375,406,493 to 498 etc

26

©Daffodil International University

 CHAPTER SEVEN
FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The results of the research on men's rights indicate that it can be difficult for males to receive
equal protection and treatment under the law. This is especially true in situations involving
family law and custody battles, where prejudices and preconceived assumptions about gender
roles can produce unfair results.
For instance, the study might have discovered that judges frequently favor women in custody
battles and issue alimony and child support payments that are disproportionate to the father's
income and capacity to pay. Men may also frequently encounter biases in the legal system. Men
who experience this kind of discrimination may find themselves unjustly at a disadvantage in
court and denied the legal protections to which they are entitled.
The research findings emphasize the importance of raising men's rights advocacy and
knowledge, as well as measures to overcome gender prejudices in the judicial system. To
decrease bias and improve the fairness of judicial proceedings, this may involve improving
education and training for judges and other legal professionals. It could also involve educating
the general public about the difficulties faced by men in the legal system. We can contribute to
the development of a more just and equitable society by fighting to guarantee that men have
equal access to the legal system.

27

©Daffodil International University

 RECOMMENDATION
Oppression of Man is the new form of changing society. Some of the abused men are being
abused physically, some mentally, some physically-financially, some socially. This type of
torture or harassment is often happening at home and outside. Although relatively less, the
number of abused men is not less in this country. Various public and private organizations of the
country working on human rights have statistics on women's harassment, but there is no accurate
information on men's harassment. As a result, even though the news of women's abuse is
published, the cases of male harassment remain in the dark.
To Overcome the situation, I would like to suggest that,
1. A supporting law requires to be enacted for men to have proper justice as we have for violence
against women and strictly execute them. There is no alternative to laws. In order to get rid of the
abuse of married men by women in Bangladesh, the "Prevention of Male Harassment Act" may
be passed in Parliament on an urgent basis.
2. The main cause is the absence of legal backing. The Domestic Violence Act of 2010's
definition of "domestic violence" needs to be changed as a first step. The word "woman" should
be replaced with "individual" in the definition provided in Chapter 2; this change will make the
Act gender-neutral
3. The institutional recognition of domestic violence against men and the opening up of
legislative support are two significant effects of this small difference. Men will thus have the
courage to come forward if they are mistreated.
4. Only women as victims of rape, and men as perpetrators. There is no provision or law that
says if a man faces the same situation where he is raped or sexually harassed, either by a man or
a woman, he would get equal justice. We are in a situation where disclosure of male rape is
difficult as there is no support for the victim legal, social, medical, or familial. So, we need to
revise the legal definition of rape, and make it gender-neutral and enact laws to provide justice to
male victims of rape.
5. Need gender-neutral rules. In cases where men are falsely accused of violence or dowry, a law
that can address these false allegations is the need of the hour. Human rights and gender equality
should include both men and women. Domestic violence should be treated as spousal violence
and should not be differentiated on the basis of gender.
6. The process of having legal aid should be easy and quick.
7. Media trials by newspapers and television against men must have to be stopped.
8. "Men also can be harassed" this thought needs to be normalized.
9. We should be sympathized with the victims, not on the basis of their gender. Men, women, or
even animals whoever is tortured, physically or mentally, deserve empathy and justice.
28

©Daffodil International University

10.Social awareness regarding this issue is necessary so that victims have support around.
11.Women abuse and dowry cases need to be resolved quickly and there should be severe
punishment and fines if someone is found to have filed a false case. Anyone jailed for no offense
shall be punished with compensation and no warrant of arrest shall be issued without a proper
investigation. And in no case shall a mother-in-law, mother-in-law, father-in-law, or brother-in-
law be charged without a proper investigation.

CHAPTER EIGHT
CONCLUDING REMARKS

Conclusion:
Men are an integral part of human society like women, but most of the time they are disgraced
indirectly and that doesn’t feel botheringto society's eye. As a result, sometimes it turned into
such activities as suicide. If a man thinks that he is being insulted spontaneously even after doing
everything, it breaks him mentally and the consequences are physical illness and mental
instability. In our society, we follow a myth that man is the umbrella of the family which is a
great honour for the man, but at the same time, it is a burden for them too, and pictured a
discriminatory society. And in the beginning, when a men birth it is enforced on them that they
cannot cry, cannot talk about their harassment, etc. That is why there made lots of laws for
women but for their shyness or ignorance, there is no law for men. When every organization
talks, they talk about woman violation and domestic violence of women. But No one talks about
Man's violation and their rights and unequal treatment of them. Although various government
and non-government organizations working on human rights have statistics on violence against
women in this country, they do not have accurate information on violence against men. In
Bangladesh, Male people are treated unequally and face violations. Everyone should be aware
that harassment affects both men and women equally. In spite of the fact that harassment against
women is more prevalent, men are also a target of harassment. Men's harassment issues should
pique the same level of interest among people.
It's important to let people know it's all right to report harassment they experience. To aid the
men who experience harassment, there ought to be more NGOs, assistance programs, and
movements. Even if laws are passed, society should cooperate with the state.
It's important to let people know it's all right to report harassment they experience. To aid the
men who experience harassment, there ought to be more NGOs, assistance programs, and
movements. Even if laws are passed, society should work with the government to raise
awareness of the issues surrounding men's harassment. Equal justice under the law should be
extended to male victims as well.

29

©Daffodil International University

In this male-dominated society, the news of women's abuse is always discussed. But in the
world, are only women being abused by their husbands? Men are not abused by women? A
review of various cases and the current context says that many men in society are constantly
being abused in their own homes.
Day after day, he is silently tolerating these tortures and threats of his wife, thinking about his
society and family. Various organizations working on men's rights say that many men in society
cry silently over the pain of their wives. Go behind people's eyes and wipe their eyes, But there
is no one to see. There is no way to say. There is a strong demand for legislation to stop male
torture from various circles.
The current Prime Minister is a woman. The Leader of the Opposition is a woman. One of the
largest political parties in the country is headed by a woman. That is, it cannot be said that
women are backward or that they are backward. Rather, the women's society has broken the shell
of subjugation and advanced a long way in its own capacity. It is our glory and pride. Still, in
different parts of the country, women are subjected to torture by their husbands and forced into
in-laws' homes for dowry. Also, incidents of rape, torture and sexual harassment are happening
frequently.
Society is changing rapidly. Male oppression is the new form of changing society. Some of the
abused men are being abused physically, some mentally, some physically-financially, and some
socially. This type of torture is often happening at home and outside. Although relatively less,
the number of abused men is not less in this country. Various public and private organizations in
the country working on human rights have statistics on women's abuse, but there is no accurate
information on men's abuse. As a result, even though the news of women's abuse is published,
the cases of male abuse remain in the dark. However, recently, several organizations are being
formed around male violence.

30

©Daffodil International University

 REFERENCES
1. Ahmed, Salauddin. (7 April, 2022).My wife spends most of the money on her extra
marital affairs.আইেনপু ষিনযাতেনর িতকারেকাথায়? (lawyersclubbangladesh.com)
2. Arifin.Riyad. (10april, 2022). Where is the protection in legal
instrument?Thelawyersclub.url:
https://lawyersclubbangladesh.com/2022/04/10/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%
A8%E0%A7%87-
%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B7-
%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%
BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-
%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D/
3. Dewan,Md.Fahmedul. (29, november,2021). How to address domestic violence
againstmeninBangladesh.Thebusinessstandard.https://www.tbsnews.net/thoughts/how-
address-domestic-violence-against-men-bangladesh-336208?amp=
4.Esq,E.F.(30November,2021).Harassment.Findlaw.Url:
https://www.findlaw.com/criminal/criminal-charges/harassment.htm
5.Malik J.S.(2019).A cross-sectional study of gender based violence against
menintheruralareaHaryana,India.IndianJcommumed.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/309
83711/
6.Hossain,jakir.(2019).LegalDilemmaonRapeofMalein
Bangladesh.Academia.edu.https://www.academia.edu/40272117/Legal_Dilemma_on_Rape_
of_Male_in_Bangladesh
7. Islam, faizul.(13 june,2022). Needs, context and a review of anti-male violence laws in
Bangladesh.Lawyers club
Bangladeshhttps://lawyersclubbangladesh.com/2022/06/13/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE
%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B
6%E0%A7%87-
%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B7-
%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%
BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8/
8. Kobit. (23 june,2014).Male violence is a pressing social problemsomewhereinblog.
https://m.somewhereinblog.net/mobile/blog/kobid/29960185
31

©Daffodil International University

9.https://legalserviceindia.com/legal/article-9439-sexual-harassment-of-men-an-
overview.html
10. Nasreen,zobaida.( 29 August, 2019). Rape of males: It’s all about patriarchy.The daily
star. https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/perspective/news/rape-males-its-all-about-
patriarchy-1791991

11.https://share.stanford.edu/get-informed/learn-topics/gender-discrimination.
12.Yusuf,JakariaIbne.(20 February, 2018).Violence against men in the family
isincreasing.Jugantor.http://www.jugantor.com/todays-
paper/features/protimoncho/19672/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A
6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87-
%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B7-
%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%
BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-
%E0%A6%98%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE-
%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9C%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87

13. (19 November, 2019). Male abuse: how much is really happening? Society is avoiding?
BBC News Bangla.https://www.bbc.com/bengali/news-50471058

14.https://www.miun.se/en/staff/employee/health-and-safety-management-and-
rehabilitation/systematic-health-and-safety-management/unequal-
treatment#:~:text='%20Unequal%20treatment%20means%20'to%20be,insulting%20or%
20ostracising%20a%20colleague

32

©Daffodil International University

 Appendix-1

Chart 1: Gender Distribution (%) of the Respondents

Number of Respondent

100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50% Number of Responded
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Female Male

Chart 2: Profession of The Respondent

Profession Percentage
Job 20%
33

©Daffodil International University

Lawyer /Apprentice Lawyer 30%

Student 50%

Appendix 2

QUESTIONNAIRE FOR THE RESPONDENTS

NAME........................................AGE..........................PROFESSION..........................................
EMAIL...............

1) Is you Male?
 Yes
 No
2) Have you ever faced harassment?
 Yes
 No
3) Are you aware of men being harassed in Bangladesh?
 Yes
 No

4) Have you ever seen someone being harrased?

 Yes,
 No

5) What kind of torture have you seen?

 Physical
 Mental
 Sexual
 Others

6) If mental, how did face mental harassment?

Explanation:

34

©Daffodil International University

7) By what if physical have you been abused? How have you been?
Explanation:

8) Does torture happen to you all the time or only occasionally?

 Sometimes
 Always
 Never happened

9) What kind of emotional changes have occurred because of the violence? Ever been
sued? Give feedback.

10) Do you think there is more law enforcement space for women than men in Bangladesh?
 Yes
 No
 Others

11) Is there a need to enact male violence laws in Bangladesh?

 Yes
 No
 Obviously

12) What is your opinion on the need for special laws for men in the field of equality?

13) Have you ever been subjected to physical and mental abuse due to love?
 Yes
 Girlfriend tortured mentally
 No

14) Have you ever been discriminated against in work, or education as a man??
Explanation:
35

©Daffodil International University

 36

©Daffodil International University