INTERNATIONAL STUDENT EDITION

Reading & Vocabulary Development

Fact

igures

FOURTH EDITION

Patricia Ackert Linda Lee

 Heinle's Newbury House Dictionaries

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Reading & Vocabulary Development

Facts

’^Figures

Fourth Edition

Patricia Ackert I Linda Lee

 THOMSON

Australia Canada Mexico Singapore United Kingdom United States

 THOMSON

Reading & Vocabulary Development 1: Facts & Figures, Fourth Edition

Patricia Ackert and Linda Lee

Publisher, Adult and Academic ESL: Senior Print Buyer: Mary Beth Hennebury
James W. Brown Compositor: Pre-Press Company, Inc. Project
Senior Acquisitions Editor: Sherrise Roehr Director of Manager: Jane Hoover, Lifland et al,
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To the Instructor vi
Acknowledgments x

# Unit 1 Animals 1
w —
Lesson 1 The Kiwi 2
Lesson 2 The Camel 6
Lesson 3 The Polar Bear 10
Lesson 4 The Hippopotamus 15
Lesson 5 The Dolphin 20
Word Study 25
Extension Activities
Video Highlights: CNN Video, Dolphins in Honduras 28 Activity
Page 30
Dictionary Page: Finding Antonyms 32

Unit2 How?Why? 33

Lesson 1 Why Do We Yawn? 36

Lesson 2 Why Do People Laugh? 41
Lesson 3 Why Is the Sea Salty? 46
Lesson 4 How Can a Plant Kill? 51
Lesson 5 How Do Hearing-Impaired People Talk? 56
Word Study 61
Extension Activities
Video Highlights: CNN Video, A New Kind of Tourism in Brazil 64
Activity Page 66
Dictionary Page: Learning Word Forms 67

Unit3 Plants 69

Lesson 1 The Date Palm 72

Lesson 2 The Water Hyacinth 77
Lesson 3 Rice 82
Lesson 4 Oranges 87
Lesson 5 The Coffee Plant 92
Word Study 97
 Extension Activities
Video Highlights: CNN Video, The Bakas of Cameroon 101
Activity Page 103
Dictionary Page: Finding the Correct Spelling 104

n Unit4 Music 105

Lesson 1 Music and Behavior 108
Lesson 2 Blues and Jazz Rock113and
Lesson 3 Roll 118
Lesson 4 Country Western Music 12
Lesson 5 Latin Music and Salsa 3
Word Study 133 128
Extension Activities
Video Highlights: CNN Video, Three New Country Songwriters 138
Activity Page 140
Dictionary Page: Understanding Grammar 141

Unit 5 Work and Leisure 143

Lesson 1 Work Hours 146

Lesson 2 Salaries 151
Lesson 3 Family-Friendly Companies 156
Lesson 4 Work Clothes 161
Lesson 5 Time Off 166
Word Study 171
Extension Activities
Video Highlights: CNN Video, Volunteer Firefighters in Los Angeles 175
Activity Page 177
Dictionary Page: Learning Word Forms 178

Unit6 Interesting People of the World 179

Lesson 1 The Sami of Northern Europe 182
Lesson 2 Te Ainu of Japan 187
Lesson 3 The Yanomami of the Amazon 193
Lesson 4 The Hopi of Arizona 198
Lesson '5 The Maori of New Zealand 204
Word Study 209
Extension Activities
Video Highlights: CNN Video, Modern. Issues for the Hopi and the Navajo

213
Activity Page 215
Dictionary Page: Choosing the Correct Definition 217

Unit7 Exploration and Adventure 219

Lesson 1 The Polynesians 222
Lesson 2 A Giraffe in Central Asia 227
Lesson 3 The First Woman on Mount Everest 232
Lesson 4 The Iditarod 237
Lesson 5 Sailing Alone 243
Word Study 248
Extension Activities
Video Highlights: CNN Video, A Contemporary Look at
Alaska's Iditarod Race 253
Activity Page 255
Dictionary Page: Finding Synonyms 256

Vocabulary 257
Skills Index 260
Irregular Verbs 262
To the Instructor

Reading & Vocabulary Development 1: Facts & Figures is a

bestselling beginning reading skills text designed for students of
English as a second or foreign language who have a basic vocab-
ulary in English of about 300 words. This text teaches about 500
more words. It also teaches the reading skills of comprehension,
finding the main idea, and using the context to understand vo-
cabulary items.
Facts & Figures is one in a series of reading skills texts. The
complete series has been designed to meet the needs of students
from the beginning to the high intermediate levels and includes
the following:
Reading & Vocabulary Development 1: Facts & Figures
Reading & Vocabulary Development 2: Thoughts & Notions
Reading & Vocabulary Development 3: Cause & Effect
Reading & Vocabulary Development 4: Concepts &
Comments
In addition to the student text, an answer key and video tran-
script, VHS, DVD, audio cassette, and audio CD are also avail-
able for Facts & Figures. Facts & Figures uses the following
methodology:
• Theme-based approach to reading. Each of the seven units
has a theme such as animals, plants, explorations, or occupations.
• Systematic presentation and recycling of vocabulary. One
of the primary tasks of beginning students is developing a useful
and personally relevant vocabulary base. In Facts & Figures, up
to twelve words are introduced in each lesson. These words
appear in boldface type. Those underlined are illustrated or
glossed in the margin. All of the new vocabulary items are used
several times in the lesson, and then are systematically recycled
throughout the text.
• Focus on grammatical structure. The first two units use only
the present tense, and the sentences are short. The past tense is
introduced in Unit 3 and the present continuous in Unit 5. The
 • only other tenses used are the past
continuous .and the future with will and going
to. Subject, object, possessive, and reflexive
pronouns are used. Facts & Figures also
presents such connectors as and, but, so, then,
because, or, and when. By using these, the text
can include longer sentences that are still
easy for the students to read.

Organization of Facts & Figures

Facts & Figures is organized into seven units. Each unit contains five
lessons packed with exercises and activities.
• Context Clues. Starting with Unit 2, a context clue exercise at the
beginning of each unit introduces some of the vocabulary for the following
unit. This section is designed to pre-teach particularly important grammar.
• "Before You Read" Questions. These pre-reading questions provide a
motivation for reading the text.
• Vocabulary. The first exercise has sentences taken directly from the
text. All new words are included. This is for practice in reading the
sentences again and writing the new words.
• Vocabulary: New Context. This exercise gives further practice with
the new words in a different context but with the same meaning.
• Vocabulary Review. Vocabulary items are used in subsequent texts
and exercises to give additional review. They are fillins or matching
synonyms and antonyms.
• Questions. These comprehension questions are taken directly from the
text. Those marked with an asterisk are either inference or discussion
questions.
• Comprehension. These are true/false, true/false/no information, or
multiple choice. They include inference and discussion questions marked
with an asterisk.
• Main Idea. Students must choose the main idea of the text from three
possibilities.
 • Word Study. A word study section is provided near the
end of each unit. It reinforces structural points, such as verb
forms, pronouns, and comparison of adjectives, that the
students are learning in other classes. It also gives spelling
rules for noun plurals and verb endings. Later units have
charts of word forms. The exercises are not intended to be
complete explanations and practice of the grammar points.
• Writing. Each word study section closes with a writing
exercise.
• Extension Activities. Each unit ends with a set of high-
interest, interactive tasks to help students practice the new
vocabulary and the skills they have learned in more open-
ended contexts.
CNN Video Highlights—The highlight of each set of
extension activities is a short video-based lesson centered
on a stimulating, authentic clip from the CNN video
archives. Each video lesson follows the same sequence of
activities:
Before You Watch encourages students to recall
background knowledge based on their own experiences
or from information presented in the readings.
As You Watch asks students to watch for general
information such as the topic of the clip.
After You Watch gets the students to expand on the
main points of the video by establishing further
connections to the reading passages, their own
experiences, and their ideas and opinions.
Activity Page—Games found on this page encourage
students to practice the vocabulary and structures found in
that unit's lessons in a relaxed, open-ended way.
Dictionary Page—Exercises on this page offer students
practice with dictionary skills based on entries from The
Basic Newbury House Dictionary.
• Skills Index. This index provides teachers and students
with a handy reference for all of the reading and writing skills
introduced in Fact & Figures, as well as all of the
grammatical structures found in the text.
 New to This-Edition

The best-selling reading series just got better! The fourth edition of
Facts & Figures contains new readings, new pedagogy, and new
ancillaries.
• A new Unit 5 features high-interest readings on work and leisure that
are relevant to students' lives.
• Ten fresh new readings engage students in fascinating new topics.
The new readings for this edition are as follows:
Unit 2, Lesson 1: Why Do We Yawn?
Unit 2, Lesson 2: Why Do People Laugh?
Unit 3, Lesson 5: The Coffee Plant
Unit 4, Lesson 1: Music and Behavior
Unit 5, Lesson 1: Work Hours
Unit 5, Lesson 2: Salaries
Unit 5, Lesson 3: Family-Friendly Companies
Unit 5, Lesson 4: Work Clothes
Unit 5, Lesson 5: Time Off
Unit 7, Lesson 5: Sailing Alone
• Thoroughly checked for factual accuracy, each reading has been
revised to include level-appropriate structures and vocabulary.
• New collocation activities in Units 4, 5, and 7 help students
understand how words fit together in chunks.
• New pedagogical design, photos, and illustrations aid student
comprehension and ease navigation through the text.
• Exam View® Pro test-generating software allows instructors to create
custom tests and quizzes.
• A new website (http://elt.thomson.com/readingandvocab- ulary)
features vocabulary flashcards, crosswords, quizzes, and more to help
students revise for tests.
Acknowledgments

The authors and publisher would like to thank the following

individuals who offered helpful feedback and suggestions for the
revision of the Reading & Vocabulary Development series:
Brian Altano—Bergen Community College, Paramus, NJ
Benjamin Deleon—Delano High School, Delano, CA
Elaine Dow—Quinsigamond Community College, Worcester, MA
Julia Karet—Chaffey College, Rancho Cucamonga, CA
Jane Sitko—Edmonds Community College, Lynnwood, WA
 lesso
n

Before You Read

Look at the picture. Read the sentences. Check (II) True,
False, or Don't Know.
True False Don't
Know
1
.
The kiwi is a kind of bird. D D D
2
.
The kiwi is very big. D D D
3 The kiwi lives in New
. Zealand.
D D D
1 The Kiwi
The kiwi lives only in New Zealand. It is a very strange
bird because it cannot fly. The kiwi is the same size as a
chicken. It has no wings or tail. It does not have feathers
like other birds. Its feathers look like hair. Each foot has
four toes. Its beak is very long.
A kiwi likes to have a lot of trees around it. It sleeps
during the day because the sunlight hurts its eyes. It can
smell things very well. It smells things better than most
birds do. The kiwi's eggs are very big.
There are only a few kiwis in New Zealand now.
People do not often see them. The government says that
people cannot kill kiwis. New Zealanders want their kiwis
to live.
There is a picture of a kiwi on New Zealand money. People from New
Zealand are sometimes called "kiwis."
 a Vocabulary
Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
government strange fly beak only
kill smell hurts feathers tail
wings size during
1. It sleeps____________the day because the sunlight_______________its eyes.
2. It is a very________________bird because it cannot_________________
3. The_______________says that people cannot___________________kiwis.
4. It can_______________things very well.
5. It has no ---------------------or------------------------
6. The kiwi lives_______________in New Zealand.
7. It does not have _________ _______like other birds.
8. Its________________is very long..
9. The kiwi is the same________________as a chicken.

Vocabulary: New Context

Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words in the text.
during smells kill only feathers
size strange wings beak governme
hurts fly tail nt
1. Cats and dogs_________________birds.
2. A bluebird has blue--------------------------
3. Some students have a scholarship from their--------------------------
4. An airplane can _______because it has__________________
5. What are you cooking? It _ ________________good.
6. My leg----------------. I can't walk on it.
7. Most cats have a long.—- ---------------------- -
8. A person has a mouth. A bird has a___________________
9. Some students are very _________ _. They want to learn English,
but they don't come to class.
10. I cannot buy this shirt. I have _ _______________ three dollars.
11. What _____shoes do you wear?
 c Questions
The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the
text.

1. Where does the kiwi live?

2. What is a kiwi?
3. How big is a kiwi?
4. Does a kiwi have feathers?
5. Does it have a tail and wings?
*6. How many toes does it have?
7. When does a kiwi sleep?
8. Can most birds smell?
9. Why can't people kill kiwis?
*10. Why does New Zealand have a picture of a kiwi on its money?

(cl Comprehension: True/False

]
Write T if the sentence is true. Write F if it is false (not true). The asterisk (*) means
you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text.

_____ 1. Kiwis live in Australia and New Zealand.

_____ 2. A kiwi has a tail but no wings.
_____ 3. A kiwi has a big beak.
_____ 4. It sleeps during the day because the sunlight hurts its eyes.
_____*5. You can see a kiwi in some zoos in New Zealand.
_____ 6. The New Zealand government does not want all the kiwis to die.
_____ 7. A kiwi is like most other birds.

[ej, Main Idea

Circle the number of the main idea of the text.

1. The kiwi is a strange New Zealand bird.

2. The kiwi sleeps during the day and has no tail or wings.
3. New Zealanders like kiwis.
Before You Read

Look at the pictures. Read the sentences.

Check (11) True, False, or Don't Know.
True False Don't Know

1
.
Camels live in hot places. D D D
2
.
The camel has a tail. D D D
3 All camels have two humps
. on D D
their backs.
 The camel can go without water for a long time. Some people
think it stores water in its hump. This is not true. It stores keeps
food in its hump. The camel's body changes the food into
fat. Then the fat is stored in the hump. A camel cannot store
the fat all over its body. Fat all over an animal's body keeps everywhere on
the animal warm. Camels live in the desert. They do not
want to be warm during the day.
The desert is very hot. The camel gets hotter and hotter
during the day. It stores this heat in its body because the
nights are cool. noun for hot
The Arabian camel has one hump. The Bactrian camel a little cold
of Central Asia has two humps. It also has long, thick hair,
because the winters are cold in Central Asia. too
There is a lot of sand in the desert. The camel has long
eyelashes. The eyelashes keep the sand out of the camel's
eyes.
Arabic has about 150 words to describe a camel. Many
people who speak Arabic need all these words because the
camel is very important to them. more or less
to tell about
Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
all over camel describe thick
also during about heat
stores cool eyelashes desert
1. Arabic has 150 words to a camel.
2. The _ __________can go without water for a long time.
3. The camel has long_______________.___
4. Some people think it__________________water in its hump.
5. Camels live in the__________________
6. It_________________has long,___________________hair, because the
winters are cold in Central Asia.
7. A camel cannot store the fat___ ____ _ its body.
8. It stores this ______ - in its body because the nights are________________

Vocabulary: New Context

It
Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words
in the text.
also eyelashes heat store
camels all over thick desert
during cool about descri
1. We - ___ ____________milk, fruit, and vegetables in be
the refrigerator.
2. Fall is__________________in Canada. Winter is cold. Winter is
_________________cold in Russia.
3. Can you__________________an elephant? What does it look like?
4. There are different animals_________________the world.
5. Some people have long__________________around their eyes.
6. It does not rain very much in the___________________
7. Mark's dictionary is very______________It has more than pages.
8. We cook food with__________________from a stove.
9. Not many people ride on___________________now. They use cars.
10. Tom is___________________25 years old. Maybe he is 24 or 27.
 Questions

1. Where do camels live?

2. What does a camel store in its hump?
3. The camel doesn't store fat all over its body. Why?
4. Why does it store heat during the day?
5. Which kind of camel has one hump? Which has two?
6. Why does a Bactrian camel have long, thick hair?
7. Why does a camel need long eyelashes?
8. Why does Arabic have 150 words to describe a camel?

cl Comprehension: Multiple Choice

Put a circle around the letter of the best answer.

1. The camel can go without ____for a long time.
a. food b. water c fat d he
2. It stores ___in its hump. . . at
— a. water b. heat c food d hai
3. The camel has one . . r
a. hump. b. Bactrian c desert d fat
Arabian . .
4. Long____ _ keep sand out of the camel's eyes.
a. thick hairs b. humps c eyelashes d ear
. . s
5. The Bactrian camel has long, thick hair because_______
a. it lives in a hot desert c. winters are cold in Central Asia
b. it stores fat in its hump d. the sand gets in its eyes

fiJj Main Idea

Circle the number of the main idea of the text.

1. There are two kinds of camels.
2. The camel has a good body for life in the desert.
3. The camel stores food in its hump.
Before You Read

Look at the picture. Read the

sentences.
Check (I/) True, False, or Don't
Know.
True False Don't Know

1. Polar bears eat fish. D □ D

2. Polar bears have long, thick
hair. D □ D
3. Polar bears like hot weather. D □ D
 The polar bear is a very big white bear. We call it the ,..North Pole
polar bear because it lives inside the Arctic Circle near the
North Pole. There are no polar bears at the South Pole.
The polar bear lives in the snow and ice. At the North
Pole, there is only snow, ice, and water. There is not any
land. People cannot see the polar bear in the snow very well VSouth Pole
because its coat is yellow-white. It has a-. very warm coat
because the weather is cold north of the Arctic Circle.
This bear is three meters long, and it weighs 450 kilos (kilograms). It can
stand up on its back legs because it has very wide feet. It can use its front legs
like arms. The polar bear can swim very well. It can swim 120 kilometers out
into the water. It catches fish and sea animals for food. It goes into the sea
when it is afraid.
Some people want to kill the polar bear for its beautiful white coat. The
governments of the United States and Russia say that no one can kill polar
bears now. They do not want all of these beautiful animals to die.
Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
polar bear South North warm
wide catches afraid weighs
bear snow swim ice
1. The polar bear lives in the .._________________and________.__________
2. The ______is a very big white bear.
3. It goes into the sea when it is---------------------------
4. It has a very__________________coat because the weather is cold.
5. There are no polar bears at the__________________Pole.
6. The polar bear can________ _ _ very well.
7. It lives inside the Arctic Circle near the__________________Pole.
8. It_________________fish and sea animals for food.
9. This bear is three meters long, and it___________________ 450 kilos.
10: It can stand up on its back legs because it has very_________________feet.

Vocabulary: New Context

Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words in the text.
swim afraid North sou
warm weigh ice wide
snow coat bears catch
1. There are brown and black__________________in North America.
2. How much do you------- -? Fifty kilos?
3. Winter is cold. Spring is _ __________Fall is cool.
4. Sometimes children are______________of animals.
5. Do you like to_________ ____in a swimming pool?
6. Italy is ____________ _ of France.
7. Do you want some ._________________in your soft drink?
8. There is ______________all over Canada in the winter.
9. The Sahara Desert is in - -----------Africa.
10. Tenth Street is a________________street.
11. Can you--------------------the ball?

12_________________________________________
 Vocabulary Review

Write C before the words or phrases about camels. Write K before the words
or phrases about kiwis.
______ 1. stores heat in its body
______ 2. hump
______ 3. tail
------- 4. big eggs
______ 5. goes without water
______ 6. long, thick hair
______ 7. eyelashes
______ 8. beak
______ 9. desert
______10. wing
______11. hair on its body
______12. feather

BQuestions

The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in
the text.
1. Why do we call the big white bear the polar bear?
2. Why can't people see the polar bear very well?
3. Why does it have a warm coat?
4. How much does it weigh?
5. What does it eat?
6. Where does it go when it is afraid?
7. Why do some people want to kill the polar bear?
8. What do the governments of Russia and the United States say?
*9. Can a polar bear live near New Zealand?
*10. Why doesn't a polar bear eat fruit and vegetables?
 e Comprehension: Multiple Choice
Put a circle around the letter of the best answer.
1. The polar bear lives .--------
a. at the South Pole c near the North
b. in warm countries d. on land
2. At the North Pole, there is no
_____________________________
a. ice c snow
b. water . d. land
3. People cannot see the polar bear in the snow very well because .________
a. it has a yellow-white coat c it can run very fast
b. it goes under the snow . d it goes into the water
4. The polar bear_______for food. .
a. catches land animals c catches sea animals and fish
b. looks for trees . d looks for fruit and
. vegetables
5. When the polar bear is afraid, it _ —
a. goes into the sea c runs away
b. goes under the snow . d stands up on its wide feet
6. The governments of Russia and the United. States say that_________
a. the polar bear is beautiful c. no one can kill the polar bear
b. the polar bear has a warm coat d. the polar bear cannot live near
the North Pole

f Main Idea
Circle the number of the main idea of the text.
1. People like to kill polar bears because they have beautiful coats.
2. Polar bears live north of the Arctic Circle in the snow and ice.
3. Polar bears live north of the Arctic Circle, eat fish and sea animals, and
have warm, yellow-white coats.
 The Hippopotamus lesso
n

4
■
M

Before You Read

Look at the picture. Read the

sentences.
Check (ti) True, False, or Don't
Know. Don't
True False
Know

1. The hippopotamus is big. □ □ □

2. It lives in the snow and ice. D □ D

3. It has wings and a tail. D D □
4 The Hippo potamus
The hippopotamus, or hippo, lives in the hot part of
Africa. It is a mammal. That is, its babies are born alive,
and they drink milk from the mother's body.
The hippopotamus is a large animal. It weighs four big
tons. Its stomach is seven meters long, and it eats only
plants. It is a mammal, but it spends a lot of time in the
water.
During the day, it sleeps beside a river or a lake. at the side of
Sometimes it wakes up. Then it goes under the water to
get some plants for food. It can close its nose and stay
under water for ten minutes. Its ears, eyes, and nose are
high up on its head. It can stay with its body under the
water and only its ears, eyes, and nose above the water. over
Then it can breathe the air.
At night, the hippo walks on the land and looks for
food. It never goes very far from the water.
A baby hippo often stands on its mother's back. The
mother looks for food underwater. The baby rides on her
back above the water.
Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
stomach stay beside mammal
breathe lake plants spends
above alive large high
1. The hippopotamus is a__________________animal.
2. During the day, it sleeps______________a nver or a________________
3. It is a_________________
4. Its______________is seven meters long, and it eats only________________
5. It can close its nose and_____________________ under water for ten minutes.
6. It can stay with its body under the water and only its ears, eyes, and nose
________________the water.
7. Then it can_________________the air.
8. It is a mammal, but it_________________a lot of time in the water.
9. Its eyes, ears, and nose are________- -_________up on its head.

mg
Vocabulary: New Context

Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words in the
text.
beside large stays mammal spend nose
plants lake above breathe stomach high
1. The camel is a____________________ but the kiwi is a bird.
2. Food goes from your mouth into your__________________
3. How do you smell a beautiful flower? You__________________in
through your nose.
4. Hippos eat____________________ Polar bears eat fish and sea animals.
5. I want to talk to you. Please sit___________________me.
6. Tom likes to____ ___________his free time in the Student Union.
He___________________there a few hours every day.
7. Birds can fly ______________ the trees.
8. ___________________Geneva is a beautiful lake in Switzerland.
9. The polar bear is a__________________animal. It is very big.
10. New York City has a lot of__________________buildings.
 to 17
--------------------:-------------------------------------------------------
--------------------—
Lesson 4: The Hippopotamus
 c Vocabulary Review
Put a circle around the letter of the best answer.
1. Can you_______a polar bear? What does it look like?
a. hurt b. describe c. catch d. store
2. Many birds fly_______in the winter to a warmer place.
a. north b. wing c. south d. wide
3. These birds fly_______in the summer to a cooler place.
a. north b. wing c. south d. wid
4. Roses beautiful. e
____________
a. swim b. catch C smell d. hurt
.
5. The kiwi is _____bird.
a a. strange b. warm c. hurt d. wid
6. My hand ___. I can't write. e
____________
a. flies b. catches C
smells d. hurt
.

d Questions
 6 Comprehension: True/False/No Information
Write T if the sentence is true. Write F if it is false. Write NI if there is no
information about the sentence in the text.
______- 1. Hippo babies are born alive.
______2. Hippos eat plants.
______3. Hippos live under water.
______4. A hippo can close its eyes.
______5. A hippo breathes under water.
______6. A hippo looks for food on the land during the day.
--------7. A hippo has long eyelashes to keep water out of its eyes.

f Main Idea
Circle the number of the main idea of the text.
1. The hippopotamus is a large African animal that spends a lot of time in the
water and eats plants.
2. The hippopotamus has its eyes, ears, and nose high up on its head.
3. The hippopotamus walks on the land at night, and it sleeps during the day.
 Do
Th
lesson

lp
hi
5

n
e

Before You Read

Look at the picture. Read the sentences.

Check (|I) True, False, or Don't
Know. Don't
True False
Know

1. Dolphins are mammals. □ D □

2. Dolphins live in water. □ D D
3. Dolphins can swim very well. □ D □

20
 The Dolphin

Can dolphins talk? Maybe they can't talk with words, but they talk with
sounds. They show their feelings with sounds.
Dolphins travel in a group. We call a group of fish a three or more
people or
"school." They don't study, but they travel together. animals
Dolphins are mammals, not fish, but they swim together in a school.
Dolphins talk to the other dolphins in the school. They give information.
They tell when they are happy or sad or afraid. They say "Welcome" when a
dolphin comes back to the school. They talk when they play.
They make a few sounds above water. They make many more sounds
under water. People cannot hear these sounds because the sounds are very, very
high. Scientists make tapes of the sounds and study them.
Sometimes people catch dolphins for a large aquarium. (An aquarium is a
zoo for fish.) People can watch the dolphins in a show. Dolphins don't like to be
away from their school in an aquarium. They are sad and lonely.
There are many stories about dolphins. They help people. Sometimes they
save somebody's life. Dolphin meat is good, but people don't like to kill them.
They say that dolphins bring good luck. Many people believe this.
a Vocabulary
Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
together luck travel believe
dolphins lonely group feeling
save show sounds s scientis
1. Dolphins___________________ma____________________
2. Sometimes they___________________somebody's life.
3. Can__________________talk?
4. They are sad and--------------------------
5. They_________________their____________________ with sounds.
6. - —-----------. make tapes of their sounds and study them.
7. Many people------.-------------------this.
8. They don't study, but they travel____________________
9. Maybe they can't talk with words, but they talk with__________________
10. They say dolphins bring good__________________ b Vocabulary:
New Context
Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for the words in the text.
lonely dolphin together save
sounds believe scientists stori
show travel feels es grou
1. The_________ p sea.
_ _ - is a mammal, but it lives in the
2. Many students at a large university feel_______________.____They don't
have many friends.
3. Do you like to__________________to different countries?
4.___________ Please______ me your picture.
5. Children like to play _________________in the snow.
6. There is a__________________of Omani students in our class.
7. Is it true? Do you__________________it?
8. ________________study animals and many other things.
9. She ___________._________ happy today because it's warm outside.
10. You must ____________._____your money. Don't spend it on a new car.
11. It is difficult to pronounce some English--------------------------
 Vocabulary Review

Put each word in the correct group in the chart. Some words go in both groups.
eyelashes hump wmg feath
tail beak nose er arm
le
g stomach hand eyes

Parts of an Animal's Body Parts of a Person's Bodv

Questions

The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the
text.
1. Can dolphins talk?
2. What is a school of dolphins?
3. What do dolphins talk about?
4. When do they say "Welcome"?
5. Do they make more sounds above water or under water?
6. Can people hear dolphin sounds? Why?
7. How does a dolphin feel in an aquarium?
*8. Do dolphins bring good luck?
*9. Dolphins are not fish. What is the difference between dolphins and fish?
 e I Comprehension: Multiple Choice
Put a circle around the letter of the best answer.
1. Dolphins talk with________
a. words b. their hands c. sounds d. music
2. Dolphins talk when they________
a. play b. listen c. show d. kill
3. They make more sounds________.
a. above water b. under water c. for tapes d. in
4. Scientists study school
___of dolphins.
__________________
a. shows b. schools c. aquariums d. tapes
5. Dolphins like to be
_ a. at an aquarium b. in their school c. lonely d. on a
6. What sentence is not true? tape
a. A dolphin can save a person's life.
b. People like to watch dolphins.
c. Dolphins always bring good luck.
d. A dolphin can talk with sounds.

f Main Idea
Circle the number of the main idea of the text.
1. Dolphins use words to show how they feel and to give information.
2. Dolphins travel together and talk with sounds.
3. Dolphins live in the sea and in aquariums.
4. The dolphin is a mammal, and scientists can tape it.
Examples: My car is new. Their hair is thick.
Singular
I-my you-your she-her he-his it-its

Word Study

Possessive Pronouns

Possessive pronouns show that something belongs to

Plural we-
our you-
your they-
their
Put the right pronoun in each blank.
1. The camel stores food in_____
2. Maria likes._____
_____hump. ______classes this
3. I use___________
year.
4. Polar bears use __
dictionary every day.
5. Do you have_____
front legs like arms.
6. Scientists listen to
___cassette tapes with you?
7. Carlos and his family swim
___________tapes.
in every day.
pool
8. David drives______________
9. We go to the university on___
car to class.
10. A baby hippo rides on ______. ________bicycles.
________mother's back.
 Verbs: Present Tense

Put an s on the simple verb to make the present tense. Do

not put an s on the simple verb if it goes with I, you, we, or
they.

a dolphin plays I pla

a
girl plays you y pla
a man plays we y pla
she plays they y pla
he plays y
it plays

H | Spelling

1. When a simple verb ends in y with a consonant before

it, change the y to i and add -es.
fly - flies study - studies
2. When a simple verb ends in y with a vowel before it,
add -s.
play - plays say - says
3. When a simple verb ends in s, ch, sh, x, or z, add -es.
catch - catches finish - finishes
4. Irregular verbs:
be - am, is, are go-goes do-does have-has
Change each sentence to make a new one. Use the word
or words in parentheses. Sometimes you must change
other words, too.
Example: They study every day.
I study every day.
(I)
(a polar 1. We catch fish and eat them.
bear) (they) 2. Mike usually flies home.
(I) 3. Betty has a beautiful plant in her living
(people) room.
(we) 4. David likes dolphin shows.
(a dolphin) 5. They travel only in the summer.
(they) 6. You play in the water.
(Tom) 7. We go swimming in a lake in summer.
(a mammal) 8. I usually finish my work early.
(Ann and 9. People are born alive.
Bill) 10. Ali does his homework in the
afternoon.

26
d Comparisons I
Sometimes we compare two things. We tell how they are different. Add -er to short words
(words with only one syllable) to compare two things. Use than with the word ending in -er.
Examples: A camel is big.
A polar bear is bigger than a camel.
Carlos is 20 years old. David is 18. Carlos is older than David.
Spelling: If a word has one syllable with one vowel in the middle and one consonant at the
end, double the consonant when you add -er. This is the one-one-one (1-1-1) rule.
Examples: big - bigger hot - hotter
Put the right comparison form in each sentence.
(strange) 1. A kiwi is____________________a bluebird.
(thick) 2. A Bactrian camel's hair is_______________________an
Arabian camel's hair.
(hot) 3. Oman is________________________Switzerland.
(warm) 4. Italy is_______________________France.
(large) 5. Saudi Arabia is ___________________-___Kuwait.
(tall) 6. Marie is________________________Masako.
(fat) 7. Jon is__________________________Robert.
(young) 8. My sister is _____________________ my brother.
(cold) 9. Ice is_______________________water.
(small) 10. A dolphin is__________________a polar bear.

e I Writing
Use real information to write your answers.
1. Which animal in Unit 1 is the most interesting to you? Why?
2. Describe an important animal in your country.
3. What can some animals do that people cannot do?

27
 (a: Before You Watch
1. What do you already know about dolphins? Write one fact.

2. What do you want to know about dolphins? Write a question.

3. Study the map. Then complete the sentences.

Honduras is between Guatemala and____________________
The north coast of Honduras is on the___________________Sea.

As You Watch

What mammals are in the video?

______ fish -- . camels ______ dolphins
______ people . polar bears

28 *
— ------------------------------------------------- ------
I Init 1 • Anima!<;
 C After You Watch

1. Use the diagram below.

Write the letters of facts that are only true for people in the
left circle.
Write the letters of facts that are only true for dolphins in the
right circle.
Write the letters of facts that are true for both dolphins and
people in the middle.
a. live in the sea e. have arms and legs
b. live on land f. eat fish
c. can talk to each other g. swim together in schools
d. are mammals h. make sounds under water

People Dolphins

2. What is the most interesting fact you learned from the video?
Write it here, and then discuss it with your classmates.

29
Video
Highlights
 Activity Page
______

Ogg
[al. Crossword Puzzle
1 3 4

2 7 8

Across
1. Camels, humans, and dolphins are all--------------------
2. Both dolphins and humans have these.
6. A large body of water
9. This land mammal lives in the desert and has a
hump.
Down
2. This helps a dolphin to swim.
3. Possessive form of I
4. Scientists study the________________dolphins make
under water.
7. A hippopotamus is not small; it's----------------------
8. Same as #6 across
[61 Guess the Animal
Do this activity with a partner.
1. Think of an animal from Lessons 1-5. Do not tell your partner.
2. Your partner asks three questions. Each question must begin
with "Does it ..." or "Is it ...."
Examples: Is it a mammal?
Does it live on land?
Is it white?
3. Answer your partner's questions with "Yes" or "No." Your
partner tries to guess the name of the animal.

3
Activity Page
1
 Finding Antonyms
Antonyms are words that are opposite (or nearly opposite) in meaning. For example, the
words large and small are antonyms. Not all words have an antonym.
1. A good dictionary gives antonyms for many words. Read the dictionary definition
below. What is an antonym for the word warm?
warm adjective
1 having heat, but not hot: I like warm summer days.
2 friendly: Her friends love her for her warm smile. See: hot.
Antonym: cool.

2. Match each word in Column A with its antonym in Column B. Write the letter of the
antonym to the right of the word in Column A. Use your dictionary to check your
work.
Column A Column B
high_______ a. outside
same _ b. down
long_______ c. cold
big________ d. false
true_______ e. low
hot________ f. short
inside________ g. small
up________ h. different

3. Work with a partner. One person is Partner A, and the other is

Partner B. Partner A reads a sentence aloud. Partner B repeats the sentence, using
not with an antonym for the underlined word. Example: A: It's hot in the desert.
B: It's not cold in the desert.
a. That story is false.
b. My car is small.
c. His hair is short.

32 ữ
------11 -----------------------------------------------------
 Context Clues
Sometimes you can understand the meaning of a new word from the
other words in the sentence. Read each sentence below. Then
choose the word or phrase that means the same as the word in bold
(dark) type. Do not use your dictionary. The bold words are new in
this unit.
1. Some shoes stretch after you wear them for a while.
a. get thicker c. get shorter
b. get longer d. weigh more
2. Fish live in lakes, rivers, and oceans. They don't live on land.
a. seas c. trees
b. north d. south
3. We often read about Queen Elizabeth II in the newspaper. She is
a very famous woman.
a. many people like her c. many people know about
her
b. no one knows her d. many people believe her
4. It is easy to make a salad. Mix some lettuce, tomatoes, and
cucumber.
a. put together c. save
b. eat d. store
5. Indonesia, theSenegal, and Cuba are in the
Philippines, tropics.
a. hot, dry parts of the c. cold, wet parts of the
world world
b. cold, dry parts of d. hot, wet parts of the
the world world
6. I feel relaxed with my friends. I don't feel relaxed during a test.
a. tired c. not nervous
b. cold d. thick
 7. Walking and swimming are good exercise. Watching TV and driving a car
are not good exercise.
a. physical activity c. ways to get to work
b. sounds d. ways to travel
8. That plant is poisonous. Don't eat it.
a. smells bad c. can kill
b. is cool d. is green
9. It is important to be alert when you drive a car.
a. able to swim c. able to smell
b. able to act quickly d. able to talk
10. Both Isamu and Kumiko are from Japan. They come from the city of Tokyo.
a. the two of them c. the five of them
b. not any d. all of them
11. Swimming is difficult for me. I can't do it for very long.
a. easy c. not easy
b. thick d. cool
12. Mr. Baker is 75. He can't hear sounds very well. He is hearing impaired.
a. can't see well c. can't hear well
b. can't walk well d. can't run well
13. Tom can eat a whole pizza. I can eat only a few pieces.
a. all of it c. some of it
b. part of it d. one piece of it

Context Clues
lesso Why Do We Yawn?
n

Before You Read

Look at the pictures. Read the sentences. Check (✓)

True, False, or Don't Know.

Tru False Don't Know

e
1. You open your mouth when
you yawn.
D D D
2. It hurts when you yawn.
D D D
3. Many kinds of animals yawn.
D D D
1 Why Do We Yawn?
Bears yawn. Camels yawn. Most mammals yawn. Why do we yawn? No
one really knows the answer.
We do know that everyone yawns in the same way. First you open your
mouth slowly. Your mouth stays open for about five seconds. Then you quickly
close your mouth.
We also know that yawning is contagious, or catching. fast
When you see someone yawn, you yawn, too. Many people
say that they yawn because they are bored or tired. This
might be true. However, we know that people also yawn
when they are excited or nervous. Olympic runners, for
example, often yawn before a race. Why is that? not interested
maybe is but
Some scientists believe that yawning makes you more
alert. When you yawn, you breathe more deeply. You also
stretch the muscles in your face and neck. Maybe this
makes you feel more alert.
Scientists don't spend much time studying yawning.
That is probably because yawning doesn't hurt. It is just
something we do.
M
Vocabulary

alert bored deeply muscles might

contagious excited quickly stretch
however race yawn
Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
1. ________________, we know that people also yawn when they are
_________________or nervous.
2. We also know that yawning is__________________, or catching.
3. Some scientists believe that yawning makes you more

4. Many people say they yawn because they are_________________or tired.

5. Olympic runners, for example, often yawn before a____________
6. You also _________________the___________________in your face and
neck.
7. Then you ------close your mouth.
8. When you yawn, you breathe more___________________
9. This ____be true.
10. Bears_________________

Vocabulary: New Context

Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for the
words in the text.
alert deep muscles migh
boring excited quickly t stret
contagious however race ch yaw
1. Soccer players have strong leg_______________because they n run a lot.
2. I_________________go to the party, but I'm not sure.
3. Headaches are not___________________
4. Airplane pilots need to be--------------------------on the job.
5. A kiwi is a bird__________________, it doesn't have wings.
6. Children can't sleep when they are____________________
7. He doesn't like to swim in___________________water.
8. Swimmers are tired after a long--------------------------------
9. Do you breathe _____________ when you are afraid?
10. Do you cover your mouth when you_________ —?
11. You should_________________in the morning. It's good for your muscles.
12. He thinks traveling is------------------------------, but I think it's exciting.

fij Vocabulary Review_ ,rLangUa8e.com

Find an antonym (a word that is opposite in meaning) in Column B for each word in Column
A. Write the letter and word from Column B beside the word in Column A. The first one is
done for you.
Column A Column B
1. slowly f quickly _________________ - close
a

2. large-------------------------------------b. interested
3. same _________________________ c. everyone
4. above_________________________d. false
5. open__________________________e. after
6. bored________________________ f. quickly
7. before_________________________g. different
8. cool ______.. h. below
9. no one_________________________i. small
10. true__________________ _ J. warm

Question
s (*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text.
The asterisk
1. How do people yawn?
2. What happens to your muscles when you yawn?
3. What usually happens when you see someone yawn?
4. How long does a yawn last?
*5. Why do Olympic runners yawn before a race?
*6. What other things are contagious?
■
Comprehension: True/False

Write T if the sentence is true. Write F if it is false.

_______. 1. Many different kinds of mammals yawn.
_______2. People only yawn when they are bored.
_______3. When you yawn, your breathing changes.
_______4. You can't yawn when you are excited.
_______*5. Some people yawn quickly, and some people yawn very
slowly.
_______6. Scientists don't know why people yawn.
_______7. Runners never yawn before a race.
_______8. You stretch your neck muscles when you yawn.

Main Idea

Circle the number of the main idea of the text.

1. Many kinds of animals yawn, but we don't know why.
2. Scientists want to know why yawning is contagious.
3. All animals yawn in the same way.
 Why Do People Laugh? lesson

Before You Read

Look at the picture. Read the sentences. Check (el) True, False,
or Don't Know.
Tr False Don't
ue Know

1. When you laugh, you D D D

stretch the muscles in your
face.
2. Laughing makes you more
alert. D D D
3. It hurts when you laugh. D D D
2 Why Do People Laugh?
Do you laugh every day? Most people do. Scientists say that people laugh
about 17 times a day. That is a lot of laughter.
In India, there are hundreds of laughter clubs. The people in these clubs get
together every morning. First they stretch their hands above their heads. Then
they pretend to laugh. Soon everyone is laughing naturally. People say they feel
good after laughing together.
Scientists believe that laughter is good for you. Why?
in a short time
For one thing, laughter is good exercise. When you laugh,
you exercise many muscles in your body. Scientists say
that one hundred laughs equals ten minutes of running.
When you laugh, you also breathe deeply. This helps you
relax. That's good for you, too.
is the same as
Why do we laugh? That is a hard question to answer.
We know that people laugh more often in a group. They
don't laugh very often when they are alone. Many scientists
not easy
believe that we use laughter to connect to other people.
Laughter helps us feel part of a group.
In English, people say that laughter is the best
medicine. Some think that laughter helps sick people get
well. Do you think so, too?

not sick
 Vocabular
y right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
Put the
clubs exercise medicine rel
connect hard naturally we
equals laugh pretend ll so
1. When you laugh, you also breathe deeply. This on helps you______________
2. That is a_________________question to answer.
3. For one thing, laughter is good__________________
4. In India, there are hundreds of laughter___________________
5. In English, people say that laughter is the best___________________
6. Do you__________________every day?
7. Laughter helps sick people get--------------------------
8. Many scientists believe that we use laughter to__________________to
other people.
9. First they stretch their hands above their heads. Then they
_________________to laugh.
10. ------------------------everyone is laughing----------------------------
11. Scientists say that one hundred laughs___________________ten minutes
of running.
jg ■ 1
» Vocabulary: New Context

Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for
words in the text.
clubs exercise medicin relax
connect hard natural well
equals laugh pretend soon
In the movies, actors to be someone
______________________ else.
2. It's hard to--------------------------before a test.
3. Five plus ten_________________fifteen.
4. You need to ,___._____________a telephone before you can use it.
5. Playing soccer, walking, and bicycling are types of-------------------------
6. You should go to a doctor when you don't feel---------------------------
7. It's__________________to laugh when you hear something funny.
8. You can buy____________-_______in a drugstore or pharmacy.
9. Many high school students belong to school---------------------------
10. I think science is easy, but my brother thinks it is--------------------------
11. I like her stories because they make me___________________
12. The bus should be here__________________It's never late.

Vocabulary Review

Put a circle around the letter of the best answer.

1. Most birds have_______Only the kiwi doesn't.
a. beaks c. wings
b. feet d. muscles
2. Laughing and yawning make you feel_______
a. tired c. bored
b. alert d. sick
3. When you breathe deeply, you pull in your________
a. leg c. stomach
b. arm d. feet
4. In the evening, it gets________in the desert.
a. cool c cold
b. hot d icy
5. It's hard to relax when you are .
_______________________________
a. bored c happ
b. tired . d yafrai
6. It's good to_______before and after you exercise.
a. fly c. sleep
b. stretch d. swim

Questions

The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text.
1. How many times a day do people laugh?
2. At a laughter club, what do people do first?
3. Why is laughter good for you?
4. What happens to your muscles when you laugh?
 5. What happens to your breathing when you laugh?
*6. Why do scientists think that laughter helps us connect to other people? *7.
What kind of things make people laugh?

e Comprehension: True/False/No Information

*

Write T if the sentence is true. Write F if it is false. Write NI if there is no

information about the sentence in the text.
______1. There are laughter clubs in many countries.
______2. Laughter is a kind of exercise.
______3. You need to stretch before you laugh.
______4. People laugh more often when they are alone.
______5. All mammals laugh.
______6. Laughter clubs help people feel good.
______7. Laughter might help us connect to other people.

Main Idea -

Circle the number of the main idea of the text.

1. Laughter helps you relax.
2. Laughter is good for you.
3. People laugh every day.
 Why Is the Sea Salty?

Before You Read

Look at the picture. Read the

sentences.
Check (II) True, False, or Don't
Know. Tru Don't
False Know
e

1. A lake is different from a D D D

sea.
2. Most water is salty. D D D
3. There is a lot of water in the
world.
D D D
3 Why Is the Sea Salty?
There is a lot of salt on the Earth, and it mixes very
well with water. world
There is some salt in all water. Water on the land runs
into lakes and rivers. The water from most lakes goes into
rivers. These rivers run into the seas and oceans. They
carry a little salt with them. Some of the ocean water
moves into the air and clouds. It evaporates. Salt cannot seas
evaporate. It stays in the ocean.
The water in the oceans has more salt than the water in
rivers. Ocean water is about (three and a half percent) salt.
Some seas have more salt than others.
Some lakes do not have a river to carry the water and
salt away. Some of the water evaporates, but the salt
cannot. These lakes are very salty. There are two famous
lakes like this. They are the Dead Sea in the Middle East
and the Great Salt Lake in the state of Utah in the United States. They are much
saltier than the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean.
 Vocabulary
Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
evaporates moves clouds percent
oceans Earth mixes famous
salt carry
1. Ocean water is about three and a half______________salt.
2. There is a lot of_________________on the ____________________, and it
-----------------------very well with water.
3. They___________________a little salt with them.
4. There are two ______. lakes like this.
5. These rivers run into the seas and------------------
6. Some of the ocean water____________into the air and______________
7. It___________________

■ Vocabulary: New
HR Context
Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for

evaporat moves carry ocea

es salt percen famou n
clouds t Earth s mix
words in the text.
1. Two of the students always___________________ the chairs into our
room.
2. The___________________is round. It___________________around the
sun.
3. Many people put-----------------------on their food.
4.------------------------------------------- Muhammad Ali was a boxer.
5. Some people put sugar in their coffee. Then they_____________it
with a spoon.
6. Some of the water in a swimming pool_______________
7. The Pacific -________________is bigger than the Atlantic Ocean.
8. There are beautiful white---------------------in the sky today.
9. Eighty__________________ of the students are men.
 Vocabulary Review

Underline the word that does not belong with the other two.
Example: red, book, blue
1. zoo, aquarium, university
2. lake, snow, ice
3. yawn, laugh, fly
4. together, modem, new
5. polar bear, dolphin, ocean
6. hour, travel, fly
7. cool, warm, thick
8. scientist, teacher, salty

Id) Questions
The asterisk (★) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text.
1. What does salt mix well with?
2. Is there salt in lakes and rivers?
3. Where does river water go?
4. Where does some of the ocean water go?
5. Where does the salt in the ocean go?
6. Does river water or ocean water have more salt?
7. Why are some lakes very salty?
8. Name two famous salty lakes.
9. What is Utah? Where is it?
10. Which is saltier, the Atlantic Ocean or the Dead Sea?
*11. Are there fish in the Dead Sea?
 6 Comprehension: True/False
Write T if the sentence is true. Write F if the sentence is false. The asterisk (*)
means you have trihink of the answer. You cannot find it in the text.
- ■■ 1. Salt mixes with water.
______ *2. Clouds have salt in them.
______ 3. Water on the land moves into lakes and rivers.
______ 4. There is salt in rivers.
5. Rivers have more salt than oceans.
______ 6. Salt evaporates.
______ 7. Ocean water is about 21///o salt.
______ 8. The Great Salt Lake is in the United States.

Main Idea

Circle the number of the main idea of the text.

1. The sea is salty because water evaporates and salt doesn't.
2. The sea is salty because rivers run into oceans.
3. Water moves from the land to rivers to oceans to clouds and to the land
again.
 How Can a Plant Kill?

Before You Read

Look at the picture. Read the sentences.

Check (11) True, False, or Don't Know.
Tru False Don't Know
e
1. Plants need water. D D D
2. People use plants for
medicine. D D D
3. Some plants can kill. D D D
4 How Can a Plant Kill?

People kill. Animals kill. Animals and people kill for food, or they kill their
enemies. People and animals can move around and find
something to kill. They can run away from an enemy. They not friends
can kill it if it is necessary.
Many kinds of animals eat plants. The plants cannot
run away from their enemies. Some plants are poisonous. If
an animal eats part of the plant, it gets sick or dies. Animals
learn to stay away from these plants. There are many kinds
of plants that make poison. Most of them grow in the desert
or in the tropics.
Farmers use many kinds of poison on their farms. Most hot, world
wet parts of the

of these poisons come from petroleum, but petroleum is

expensive. Scientists collect poisonous plants and study
them. Maybe farmers can use cheap poison from plants costs a lot

instead of expensive poison from petroleum.

not expensive
 a Vocabulary

Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
expensive tropics poisonous instead of
enemies if grow cheap
kinds farmers collect farms
1. Many________ _______of animals eat plants.
2. Animals and people kill for food, or they kill their-----------------------------
3. ________________use many kinds of poison on their--------------------------
4. Scientists_________________poisonous plants and study them.
5. Some plants are__________________
6. Maybe farmers can use__________________poison from plants
________________expensive poison from petroleum.
7. Most of them ________ in the desert or in the________________________
8. They can kill it ___ _________ it is necessary.
9. Most of these poisons come from petroleum, but petroleum
IS_________________________

Vocabulary: New Context

Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words in the text.
expensive tropics collect grow if
cheap farm kind enemy
instead of farmers poisonous
1. David's parents have a big___________________They are

2. A Mercedes Benz is an — car.

3. Please come to the Student Union at 12:00--------------------------you can.
4. Malaysia, Togo, and Nigeria are in the__________________
5. Please write the answers on a piece of paper_____________in the book.
6. Ali, please ____________all the students' papers.
7. Some things we use in the garden are___________________. We must keep
these things away from children.
 8. People are the only__________________of polar bears.
9. What_______________of car do you have?
10. -______________- clothes are not usually very good.
11. Children_________________very fast. They need new clothes every few
months.

■ Vocabulary Review —Í M
Put the right word in each blank. believe describe size
group together save
scientists show hard lonely during
1. Can you_________________an cooler store
aquarium? Tell me about one. bored
2. Some_________________teach at universities, and some work
in laboratories.
3. Don't walk to class every day. Buy a bicycle. You can_____________time.
4. I don't .__________________you. It isn't true.
5. Keiko is_________________She wants to see her friends and family.
6. Sam is .__ __________He doesn't have anything to do.
7. Maria and Tony usually study___________________
8. It is______________- under a tree than in the sun.
9. A camel is about the same . _________________as a large horse.
10. It's_________________to learn a new language.

The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot
find it in the text.
1. Why do people and animals kill?
2. Can plants run away from an enemy?
3. What happens to an animal that eats a poisonous plant?
4. What do animals learn about these plants?
5. Where do most poisonous plants grow?
*6. Why do farmers use poison on their farms?
7. Where do most poisons come from?
8. Why do scientists collect and study poisonous plants?
 e Comprehension: Multiple Choice

Put a circle around the letter of the best answer.

1. Animals and people kill their_________
a. poisons c. plants
b. enemies d. farmers
2. cannot move around.
a. Plants c. Farmers
b. Animals d. Scientists
3. An animal — if it eats a poisonous
plant.
a. gets sick or dies c. moves around
b. runs away d. studies the poison
4. Most poisonous plants grow in the desert or in the________
a. farms c. Arctic Circle
b. tropics d. laboratories
5. -----use many kinds of poisons.
a. Scientists c. Farmers
a. plants c. petroleum
b. deserts d. the tropics
7. Scientists_______poisonous plants.
a. use c. buy
b. run away from d. collect
8. Poison from plants is ___than poison from petroleum.
______________________
a. cheaper c. more expensive
b. more afraid d. cooler
b. Workers d. Animals
6. Most of these poisons come from________
Circle the number of the main idea of the text.
1. Some plants make poisons, and maybe farmers can use them.
2. Plants make poison because they cannot run away from their enemies.
3. Scientists study poisonous plants because farmers want to use them.

f Main Idea
lesson How Do Many Hearing-

5 Impaired People Talk?

F
A B C D E

G H ■ ' K L

o á w 'f
MN D p Q R

5 T u V wX

y z

Before You Read

Look at the picture. Read the sentences.

Check (|I) True, False, or Don't
Know. Tru Don't
e False Know

1. You can spell a word with your □ □ □

hands.

2. The signs w mean "yes"

in American Sign Language (ASL). □ □ □

3. ASL is the only sign language □ □ □

in the world.
 How Do Many
Hearing-Impaired
People Talk?
Hearing-impaired people cannot hear sounds well. How do they
"hear" words?
Many hearing-impaired people use sign language. They talk with their
hands. Two hearing-impaired people can talk to each other. They both use
sign language. Sometimes a person who can hear two of them
interprets for hearing-impaired people. The person listens
to someone talking, and then he or she makes hand signs.
There are two kinds of hand signs. Some hand signs
are for whole words. For example, there is one hand sign
for the word love. There are hand signs for different all of it
actions, things, and ideas. Some of the signs are very easy,
for example, the signs for eat, milk, and house. You can
see what they mean. Others are more difficult, for
example, the signs for star, egg, and week.
The second kind of hand sign is fingerspelling. In
fingerspelling, there is a sign for every letter in the alphabet.
For example, to fingerspell the word love, a person makes
four different signs. It is much slower to I fingerspell, but it
is useful for signing names and technical words. People can
use both kinds of hand signs together.
Each country has its own sign language. For
. example, American Sign Language (ASL) is very
, different from British Sign Language. Using sign language
is almost like a dance. The whole body talks. Sign
languages are beautiful.
dance

______________________________9
 a Vocabulary
Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the
text. example interprets both
si n
ideas whole g star dance
difficult
each other hearing-impaired
1. Two hearing-impaired people can talk to______________
2. Some hand signs are for__________________words.
3. _________________people cannot hear sounds well.
4. Sometimes a person who can hear___________________for hearing-
impaired people.
5. Many hearing-impaired people use________________language.
6. Others are more__________________, for example, the signs for
_________________, egg, and week.
7. They__________________use sign language.
8. There are hand signs for different actions, things, and______________
9. A sign language is almost like a___________________

Ml ... .
■ Vocabulary: New Context
Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words in the
text. idea each other hearing-impaired
example interprets both
si n
whole g stars dance
difficult
1. Mary cannot hear very well. She is___________________
2. Ali works for the government. He__________________Arabic and English.
3. A large________________on the wall says "No Smoking."
4. Masako and Carlos speak English to___________________
5. Nadia and David__________________study engineering.
6. You cannot see the_______________ in the sky during the daytime.
7. Japanese is a _____ ■ _ _ _ language. It's not easy.
8. The_________________class is here today. No one stayed at home.
 9. There is a__________________for students on Saturday.
10. The class wants to have a party. It's a good______________

Vocabulary Review

Put the right word in each blank.

evaporates famous clouds enemi
kind expensiv if es cheap
poisonous e collection tropics er instea
d of
1. There are a lot of_________________in the sky today.
2. Mahatma Gandhi is a very_______________person.
3. The weather is hot and wet in the_______________
4. Please tell me________________I talk too fast.
5. What__________________of bicycle do you have?
6. Water _______. into the air.
7. A bicycle is____- than a car.
8. Are apartments cheap or_________________in your city?
9. Some kinds of plants and snakes are______________
10. My friend has a big_________________of stamps.
 e Comprehension: True/False/No Information

Write T if the sentence is true. Write F if the sentence is false. Write NI if there is
no information about the sentence in the text.
______ 1. Hearing-impaired people cannot hear sounds well.
______2. A person who interprets for hearing-impaired people cannot hear.
______3. There are more signs for whole words than for letters.
______4. Japanese Sign Language is the same as American Sign Language.
______5. Fingerspelling is useful for names and technical words.
______6. It is difficult for children to learn sign language.

Main Idea

Circle the number of the main idea of the text.

1. Sign language helps hearing-impaired people talk, but it is difficult to learn.
2. There are two kinds of sign language.
3. A sign language is a beautiful language that helps hearing-impaired people
talk to others.
 Word Study
Pi

Forming Questions: Present Tense

The verb be: Put a form of the verb be before the subject.
Exampl subject verb
e: Petroleu is expensive
m .
Is petroleum expensive
Other verbs: Put do or does at the beginning of the sentence. Use the simple
verb.
Examples:
subject verb
Change laugh every day.
each laugh every
Do I
day?
subject verb
A worker moves the fish.
Does a worker mov the
sentence to a question. e fish?
1. A large house is expensive.
2. Bill does his homework in the afternoon.
3. Rivers run toward the ocean.
4. Many people drink coffee.
5. Mary is a good tennis player.
6. Kiwis are strange birds.
7. I am late.
8. The test is difficult.
9. She dances well.
10. They exercise every day.
lf6J There ls/There Are
Use there is before a singular noun. Then use it for the singular noun.
Example: There is a lake nearby. It is very large.
Use there are before a plural noun. Then use they for the plural noun.
Example: There are many dolphins in the ocean. They travel
in schools.
Look at the noun after the blank. Then write there is or there are in the first blank. Write it
or they in the second blank.
1. ______________a kiwi in the zoo_________________sleeps
during the day.
2. ______________a chair beside the window._________________
is blue.
3. ______________wonderful mountains in India.
--------------------are in the north.
4. ---------------- many muscles in your face.
______________help you laugh.
5. ________a large farm near here._________________
grows fruit trees.

■
K -er
= A Person

Example: Mr. Brown is a teacher. He teaches English.

Add -er to each word. Then put the new words in the blanks. Use the plural if necessary.
play work farm box
interpret speak listen smg
1. Keiko is an__________________She speaks both Japanese
and English.
2. Mr. and Mrs. Clark are__________________They have a
large cotton farm.
3. Sarah Green is a famous__________________She sings in
Europe and North America.
4. In the morning class, five students speak Arabic. In the
afternoon class, there are seven Arabic--------------------------
5. Bill is not a good __________ . He talks all the time
and doesn't listen.
6. Abdullah is a very good soccer------------------------

Compound Words

A compound word is two words put together to make one word. The meaning is like the
meanings of the two words.
Example: sun + light = sunlight (light from the sun)
Put the right zoords in the blanks.
summertime seafood daytime yellowtail
sunlight underline stoplight bedroom
1. Gina likes fish and other--------------------------
2. Read each sentence. Put a circle around the subject. the verb.
3. Most people work during the____________________ . Some
work at night.
4. Be careful when you drive. If the__________________is red,
you must stop.

5. People eat in the dining room. They sleep in the____________ n Writing

Use real information to write your answers.
1. Which lesson in Unit 2 is the most interesting to you? Why?
2. What information in Unit 2 is new for you?
3. Think of something you know about. Write a "How" or a "Why" question about it. Then
answer the question.
 CMI

Before You Watch

1. Look at the woman in this picture. What do you want to know

about her? Write three questions. Practice asking and answering
with a partner.
2. The video you are going to watch is about a new idea. The word
for this idea is ecotourism. This word has two parts:
eco - the natural world
tourism - traveling for pleasure
What do you think ecotourism means? Discuss your idea with
your classmates.

b As You Watch

Which of these sentences about Silveria de Souza are true?

She has eight children. She sells things to
tourists.
She is a tour guide. She is a farmer.
 C After You Watch
1. Read about the rain forest in Brazil.

About ten million people live in the warm Amazon rain forest.
Many of them clear parts of the forest for farms. This is called
"deforestation." The Brazilian farmers cut the forest down so that
they can grow crops and feed their families. Ten percent of the
famous Amazon rain forest is gone now.
Ecotourism is a modem idea that tries to protect the rain forest.
Tourists travel from all over the world. They come to enjoy the
forest and learn about nature. A tour guide leads a group through
the forest. They stay at hotels in the villages and buy local crafts.
Ecotourism brings jobs and money to the people who live in the
Amazon forest. They do not have to destroy the rain forest just to
make a living.
2. Write two questions about the rain forest in Brazil. Begin your
questions with "Why" and "How." Discuss your questions with
your classmates.
a. Why
_______________________________________ 7
b. How
_________________________________________________7
The 12 words in the Word Search List are in the grid below. The
words may be in a row or in a column. They may be backwards.
Find and circle each word.
evaporate
enemy
si n
g

■...

mix
connect
breathe
M E I V D I s R E y N E A JpTBD
CIELR X G E E
X A s p LENoI MTXT
T u L o RGCK F N D I
poLRL sE I u N R o H IESwE Y L L
A p T K
GBNN QN TU
E DAHM
 Dictionary Page
Learning Word Forms

1. A dictionary tells you the form of a word (for example, noun, verb, adjective,
or adverb). Read the dictionary definitions below. What is the noun form of
the verb relax?______________________________________
relax I ra'laks/uerb relaxes
1 to stop work and enjoy oneself: She relaxes by riding her bicycle.
2 to stop being nervous, tense, angry, etc.: Why don't you stop being
angry and relax for a while!
relaxation I .rilak'seiJan /noun (no plural) a process of relaxing, such as
freeing the mind of worry: For relaxation, he plays golf on the weekends.

2. What is the verb form of each noun below? Make a guess. Then check your
guesses by looking in your dictionary.
Noun Verb
relaxation relax
description
belief
weight
excitement
evaporation
interpretation

Dictionary Page
3. Choose the correct word in parentheses to complete each sentence.
Example: It's important to have some time for
. relaxation
(relaxation I relax)

a. What causes_________________? (boredom I bore)

b. What do farmers use to__________________the land?
(fertilizer I fertilize)
c. What is the _____between exercise and
yawning? (connection I connect)
d. What do plants need to____________. - - ? (growth I
grow)
e. Is_________________good for you? (laughter I laugh)
For each sentence, choose the word or phrase that
means the same as lhe word in bold type. Do not use
your dictionary. The bold words are new in this unit.
1. Paul was born 25 years ago. He is 25 years old.
a. again c. before now
b. after today d. leave
2. We don't need these papers any more. Let's bum
them.
a. put them in a fire c. keep them
b. read them d. store them
3. You can see beautiful pictures at an art museum. You
can see interesting things about science at a science
museum. Many museums belong to the government.
a. a building with beautiful or interesting things to
look at
b. a store that sells paintings and other beautiful
things
c. an aquarium or zoo
d. a place where scientists work
4. Aim studied very hard for the test today.’She is a good
student. She will probably get a good grade.
a. maybe c. 50 percent sure
b. cannot d. almost 100
percent sure
5. You cannot drink most river water. If you drink it, you
may get a disease.
a. fish c. sea animal
b. sickness d. thirsty
6. Cotton is an important crop in Egypt. Vegetables are
an important crop in parts of Mexico. Coffee is an
important crop in Brazil.
a. plants that farmers grow
b. plants near a house
c. something a country buys from another country
d. food that a farmer grows
 7. The soil near the Nile River is very rich. There are
many farms there, and the plants grow very well.
a. good clean water c. sunshine
b. dirt or land d. fruit and
vegetables

8. It is around 25 ° C (25 degrees Celsius) today.

a. hot c. in a
b. cold circle
d. their
9. Many Brazilian farmers raise coffee on aboutfarms.
a. grow c. pick up
b. find d. kill
10. If you want to protect your head, you should wear a
hard hat.
a. keep happy c. keep safe
b. make afraid d. make
alert

Context Clues
lesso The Date Palm
n

Before You Read

Look at the picture. Read the sentences. Check (ti)

True, False, or Don't Know.
True False Don't Know

1. The date palm is tall. □ □ D

2. Most date palms □ □ □ grow
in cold places.

3. The fruit of the date D D □ palm

is poisonous.
 The Date Palm
The date palm is a wonderful tree. People eat dates. They feed them to their
animals. They use the leaves and the wood to build houses. give food They
use the wood to build boats. They make baskets from the to leaves.
They bum the other parts of the tree to cook their food.
The date palm came from the Middle East. Seven
thousand (7,000) years ago, people in Syria and Egypt ate dates.
They made pictures of date palms on their stone buildings. before now Today
date palms grow in the Middle East, parts of Asia and Africa,
southern Europe, and other warm parts of the world. adjective form of
There are more than 2,700 kinds of palm trees. Most of south
them cannot grow in the Middle East because it is too dry. The date palm grows
there very well.
Hundreds of years ago, people in southern Europe and some Arab countries
made pictures of palm trees and palm flowers on some of their

c
buildings. Today we can see these pictures in art museums. People
think that the palm tree is beautiful. People thought the same
thing a long time ago.
basket
(al Vocabular
(al y

Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
burn date palm southern wood
leaves grow feed art
a o
g wonderful baskets museums
stone
1. Today we can see these pictures in__________________
2. They use the _______________and the — ____ to build houses.
3. Today date palms grow in the Middle East, parts of Asia and Africa,
__________________Europe, and other warm parts of the world.
4. The____-____________is a____________________tree.
5. They______________ . . the other parts of the tree to cook their food.
6. Seven thousand years_______________, people in Syria and Egypt ate dates.
7. They make___ - _______from the leaves.
8. They made pictures of date palms on their_____________ buildings.
9. They___ _____them to their animals.

[6 Vocabulary: New
Context
]
Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words
in the text.
southern palm burn leaves
wonderful wood basket museu
feed a o
g dates m stone
1. Some trees have very large green--------------------------
2. Argentina is in the ------------------ part of South America.
3. Marie started to study English five years___________________
4. Stone cannot__________________Wood can.
5. People burn_____ ________when they make a fire.
6. A science _________________is a very interesting place.
7. There is a__________________of fruit on the table.
8. Pam has a small _ ______________in her shoe. It hurts her foot.
9. One kind of tree gives oil. People make soap from it.
10. People dry_________________. and keep them for a long time.
11. He has a________ . _____house. It's beautiful.
12. They _______ the camels several times a day.
 Vocabulary Review

Put the right word in each blank.

both stars difficult wh
hearing-impaired each other feeling ole hea
g
si n
interprete dance t
weigh r stomach believe
1. An ____speaks two languages.
____________________
2. Do you ___ . ______that there are farms in the sea?
3. There are a lot of ______ __________out tonight. The sky is
beautiful.
4. Do you think it is ____________ to grow date palms?
5. How tall are you, and how much do you_______________?
6. Palm trees like the_________________ but not the cold.
7. The___________________says "Please use other door."
8. Love is not a thing. It is a________________
9. The students usually talk to_______________between classes.
10. Bill cleaned his_________________apartment on Saturday.
11. The hippo has a very long__________________
12. Do you like to________________?

Questions
(el- Comprehension: Multiple Choice
Put a circle around the letter of the best answer.

1. People make boats from the____of palm trees.

c. dates
a. leaves d. flowers
b. wood
2. They make baskets from the____
a. leaves c. dates
b. wood d. flowers

3. They_______part of the tree to make a fire.

a. enjoy c. burn
b. dance d. grow
4. The date palm came from____
a. California c. southern Europe
b. Africa d. the Middle East
5. People started to eat dates
about _ years ago.
c. 5,000
a. a few hundred d. 7,000
b. 100
6. Date palms grow______ c. where kiwis live
a. in the land of the polar bear d. in cool places
b. in hot or warm places
7. There are more than_____kinds of palm trees.
c. 2,000
a. a few hundred d. 7,000
b. 100
8. People use ._____palm tree.
a. the whole c. almost all of the
b. the leaves and wood of the d. the fruit and leaves
of the

Main Idea
Before You Read

Look at the picture. Read the sentences.

Check (II) True, False, or Don't
Know.
Don't
True False Know
1 A water hyacinth is a kind of
. plant. D D D
’ The water hyacinth grows in
2 water. D D D
.3 The water hyacinth is
. poisonous.
D D D
 The water hyacinth grows in tropical countries. It has beautiful purple-
blue flowers, but everybody hates it. Why?
Millions and millions of these plants grow in rivers and opposite of loves
lakes. Sometimes the plants become so thick that people
can walk on them. People cannot travel in boats on the
water, and they cannot fish in it. The plants stop the water
from moving. Then the water carries diseases. Farmers
cannot use the water on their land.
Now scientists think that water hyacinths can be useful. sicknesses
The plants are really a free crop. No one has to take care of
them. They just grow and grow and grow. What can
farmers use them for? plants a farmer grows
Some fish like to eat them. Farmers can grow these fish
in the lakes and rivers.
Workers can collect and cut the plants with machines.
Then they can make fertilizer to make their crops grow
better. They can also make feed for their farm animals.
Maybe it will be possible to make methane gas (CH4)
for energy. (We burn gas from petroleum for energy.
Methane gas can be made from plants.) Then poor tropical
countries will not have to buy so much expensive
petroleum. Maybe in the future people will love the water hyacinth instead of
hating it.
(al Vocabulary
Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
so machines energy hate
become diseases crop s gro
better just fertilizer ws thic
k
1. Workers can collect and cut the plants with__________________
2. Then they can make__________________to make their crops grow

3. Maybe it will be possible to make methane gas (CH4) for________________

4. It has beautiful purple-blue flowers, but everybody___________________it.
5. The plants are really a free__________________
6. Sometimes the plants___________________________________thick that
people can walk on them.
7. They________________ _ grow and grow and grow.
8. Then the water carries__________________

Vocabulary: New Context

Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words
in the text.
just hate become disease
better feed fertilizer lakes
machines crop so energy
1. Rice is an important - . ... -in Asia.
2. Tom became very sick with a strange____________ _. He died.
3. A grade of 90% is . ________________than a grade of 60%.
4. I am__________________tired that I can't study.
5. Patty is ._______________- a baby. She cannot walk.
6. Farm_________________make the work easier.
7. Many farmers in China make their own__________________
8. Some students_________________to study. They just want to have a
good time.
9. Mary wants to______ an engineer.
10. We use gas and oil for
■ ... ..Vocabulary Review

Match each word in Column A with the word, phrase, or symbol from Column B that
means the same. Write the letter on the line following the word in Column A.
Column A Column B
1. also_______ a. two
2. difficult______ b. not able to hear
3. wonderful______ well
4. both_______ c. not cheap
5. famous______ d. hard
6. kinds_______ e. %
7. hearing- f. very good
impaired g. too
8. expensive______ h. well known
9. percent______ i. types
10. group______ j. several

Questions
——

The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. Your cannot find it in the text.
1. Where does the water hyacinth grow?
2. Why do people hate this plant? Give three reasons.
3. Water hyacinths are a free crop. What does this mean?
4. How can people use water hyacinths? Tell four ways.
5. What is the difference between methane gas and other gas?
*6. Cheap energy is very important for poor countries. Why?

e Comprehension: True/False

Write T if the sentence is true. Write F if the sentence is false. The asterisk (*) means
you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text.
_______1. Water hyacinths grow very thick on some tropical lakes and
rivers.
_______2. Sometimes the water under the plants cannot move.
_______ 3. Water hyacinths help make water clean.
_______4. Maybe farmers can use water hyacinths.
 *5. Water hyacinths grow in parts of Asia and Africa. , 6.
Some kinds of fish like to eat water hyacinths. 7. Water
hyacinths can be used to make petroleum. *8. These plants can
bring farmers more money.

Main Idea

Match the details with the main ideas. Write the letter of each detail
under the correct main idea. The first one has been done for you.
Two of the details do not belong under a main idea.

Main Ideas
1. People hate water 2. Water hyacinths can
hyacinths. be useful.

Details
a. Some fish like to eat them.
b. The plants stop the water from moving.
c. People cannot travel on the water.
d. People can make fertilizer out of them.
e. Maybe people can make methane gas.
f. They have beautiful flowers.
g. People can feed them to animals.
h. We burn gas from petroleum for energy.
i. People cannot fish.
j. The water carries diseases.
lesson Rice

Before You Read

Look at the pictures. Read the sentences. Check (II)

True, False, or Don't Know.
Tru False Don't Know
e
1. Rice grows in many D D D
countries.
2. Rice is an expensive food. D D D
3. Rice needs water to grow. D D D
 3 Rice
People all over the world eat rice. Millions of people in Asia, Africa,
and South America eat it every day of their lives. Some people eat
almost nothing but rice.
Rice is a kind of grass. There are more than 7,000 kinds of rice.
Farmers grow rice in many countries, even in the southern part of the
United States and in eastern Australia.
No one really knows where rice came from. Some scientists think
that it started to grow in two places. They think that one kind of rice
grew in southern Asia thousands of years ago.
Someone in China wrote about it almost 5,000 years
ago. Another kind probably grew in West Africa.
Other scientists think that rice came from India, and
Indian travelers took it to other parts of the world.
There are two main ways to grow rice. Upland rice
grows in dry soil. Most rice grows in wet soil. land, dirt People
in many countries do all of the work of growing rice by
hand. This is the same way farmers worked
hundreds of years ago. In some countries, people
now use machines on their rice farms. The
farmers all use fertilizer. Some insects are enemies of rice.
Farmers poison them.
People use every part of the rice plant. They make animal feed and
rice oil from it. They also make baskets, brooms, rugs, sandals, and
roofs for their houses. They burn dry rice plants in fires for cooking.

sandals
 а, Vocabulary

Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
brooms grass probably West
rice rugs eastern soil
sandals even roofs insects
1. They also make baskets _ _______________._________________,
__________________, and _________________for their houses.
2. Rice is a kind of_________________
3. People all over the world eat __________________
4. Farmers grow rice in many countries,__________________in the southern
part of the United States and in__________ _____Australia.
5. Some__________________are enemies of rice.
б. Another kind _ ______________grew m____________________Africa.
7. Upland rice grows in dry___________________

Vocabulary: New Context

Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words in the text.
even probably nee eastern
rug sandals grass insects
roof soil West broom
1. In the summer, people like to wear____________________instead of shoes.
2. Chicken, _______, and salad make a good dinner.
3. Frank is two years old. He wants to play basketball, but he can't pick
up the ball.
4. We can have our picnic on the__________________under that tree.
5. Paul cleaned the garage floor with a__________________
6. The rain comes through the ___________________of the old house.
7. Korea is in the_________________part of Asia.
8. Some______ __live together in a group.
9. Lebanon is in__________________Asia.

84
10. There are a lot of black clouds in the sky. It will__________________nun.
11. Plants must have sun, water, and good___________________
12. Mr. and Mrs. Cook have a beautiful new__________________for the
living room floor.

Vocabulary
Review
Match each word in Column A with the word or phrase in Column B that means
the opposite. Write the letter on the line following the word in Column A.
Column A Column B
1. bored______ a. easy
2. large_______ b. cold
3. quickly______ c. slowly
4. enemy_______ d. northern
5. difficult______ e. small
6. hate_______ f. friend
7. cheap______ g. interested
8. collect_____ h. pass out
9. heat_______ i. expensive
10. southern______ j. love

Questions
 e Comprehension: True/False/No Information

Write T if the sentence is true. Write F if the sentence is false. Write

NI if there is no information about the sentence in the text.
_______ 1. Rice is a kind of grass.
_______ 2. Rice grows on dry land and in wet soil.
_______ 3. Scientists know that rice came from India.
_______ 4. Rice grows in the United States.
_____ 5. There are more than 7,000 kinds of rice.
_______ 6. Maybe Chinese travelers took rice to India.
_______ 7. More people grow rice with machines than by hand.
_______ 8. Farmers use fertilizer to kill insects.
___.____ 9. Chinese farms need more fertilizer than Indian farms.
_______10. People use every part of the rice plant.

f. Main Idea

Circle the number of the main idea of the text.

1. Rice is a very important crop, but nobody knows where it came
from.
2. People grow rice in many countries.
3. Today rice farmers use machines, fertilizer, and poisons.

W
86 //
 Oranges lesso
n

Before You Read

Look at the picture. Read the sentences.

Check (11) True, False, or Don't Know.
Tru False Don't
e Know

1. Oranges are poisonous. D D D

2. Oranges grow on trees. D D D
3. Oranges are difficult to
grow.
D D D
 Oranges
Everybody loves oranges. They are sweet and juicy. They are in
sections,, so it is easy to eat them. Some oranges
do not have any seeds. Some have a thick skin,
and some have a thin skin.
The orange tree is beautiful. It has a lot of
shiny green leaves. The small white flowers smell
very sweet. An orange tree has flowers and fruit at
the same time.
There were orange trees twenty million years
ago. The oranges were very small, not like the
ones today. The orange tree probably came from
China. Many different kinds of wild oranges grow
there today. The Chinese started to raise orange not planted by
trees around 4,400 years ago. Chinese art has people grow/about
lovely old pictures of oranges and orange trees.
Farmers in other parts of Asia and the Middle East learned to
raise oranges from the Chinese. Then they taught Europeans. The
Spanish planted orange trees in the New World (North and South
America). They took them to Florida first. Oranges are a very
important crop in Florida today.
In English, orange means both a fruit and a color. We use the
name of the fruit for the color.
^1 Vocabulary

Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
around wild section love
skin oranges raise smel
seeds shiny thin l swe
The Chinese started to et
— - orange
_______________________ trees
_________________4,400 years ago.
2. They are___________________and juicy.
3. Some have a thick_______ , and some have a
___________________ skin.
4. Many different kinds of_________ oranges grow there today.
5. They are in ________________, so it is easy to eat them.
6. Chinese art has _________old pictures of oranges and orange trees.
7. Some oranges do not have any __________________
8. It has a lot of ______green leaves.

Vocabulary: New Context

Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words
in the text.
quickly lovely sweet wild
sections raise shines leav
seeds around thin skin
1. Japanese__________________- fish on farms n the sea.
2. The Syrians made__________._______pictures of date palms
on stone buildings.
3. Plants grow from__________________
4. A bird has feathers on its__________________A camel has hair.
5. The polar bear and the hippo are ----------------- - — animals.
6. There are three__________________of the beginning class.
7. The sun __________________every day in the desert.
8. Dates and oranges are__________________
9. Carlos is fat. Pablo is__________________
10. People started eating dates 7,000 years ago.

89
gn
[gl Vocabulary Review
Put the right word in each blank.
interpreter museums become bett
diseases energy luck er gras
west east broom s roof
even insects sandals soil
1. Sweden is_________________of Norway and---------------------------
of Finland.
2. Students always_________________very busy at the end of the semester.
3. Many kinds of.. _______________ _ _ eat farmers' crops.
4. The Smiths have_________ - all around their house. There are
also flowers and trees.
5. Desert__________________is very dry.
6. People can get some__________________from drinking dirty water.
7. Tom looked everywhere for his dictionary. He___________________
looked in his car.
8. Roberto is an___________________He works in Geneva.
9. Tourists usually go to art ____________ - to see beautiful pictures.
10. Your feet feel cool when you wear__________________
11. Lois is a________________student than Helen. Helen is not a
good student.
12. The_________________is on the outside of the house. The ceiling is on
the inside.

[d Question
s (*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the
J
The asterisk
text.

1. Describe an orange.
2. Do all oranges have seeds?
3. Describe an orange tree.
4. Where did orange frees probably come from?
*5. Who plants wild orange trees?
6. How did Europeans learn to raise oranges?
 7. How did the United States get orange trees?
8. What does orange mean?
*9. Why did people in Saudi Arabia eat dates instead of oranges?

Comprehension: Multiple Choice

Put a circle around the letter of the best answer. The asterisk (*) means you have
to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text.
1. Oranges are_______
a. shiny and green c. sweet and juicy
b. old and wild d. thin and white
2. Some oranges do not have_______
a. seeds c.flowers
b. sections d. a skin
3. Orange leaves are_______
a. shiny c. sweet
b. thick d. wild
4. There are many______orange trees in China today.
a. shiny c. wild
b. thin d. thick
5. Europeans learned to plant orange trees from farmers in________
a. the Middle East and Asia c. China
b. Florida d. Spain
*6. Oranges do not grow in________
a. India c. Mexico
b. Sweden d. North Africa

f Main Idea

Circle the number of the main idea of the text.

1. Oranges are sweet and juicy with seeds and a skin.
2. Orange trees went from Asia to the Middle East to Europe to the New World.
3. Oranges probably came from China, and today people all over the world like
them because they are sweet and juicy

9
1
lesson The Coffee Plant

Before You Read

Look at the picture. Read the

sentences.
Check (v') True, False, or Don't
Know.
True False Don't Know

1. A coffee plant has leaves. □ □ □

2. Coffee plants grow in hot
places.
□ □ □
3. Coffee plants are difficult to
grow.
□ □ □
5 The Coffee Plant
How many cups of coffee did you drink yesterday? Where did the coffee
come from? There is a good chance possibility that your coffee came from one
of these countries: Brazil, Colombia, Indonesia, Ivory Coast, or Ethiopia.
These five countries produce most of the coffee in the world today. Brazil
produces about half of the world's so% crop of coffee beans.
The coffee plant is really a small tree with shiny leaves. A coffee plant
grows for about three years before it produces any fruit. After that, it produces
fruit for about 40 years. The coffee bean is the seed of the fruit.
It's difficult to pick coffee beans. Machines can't do it well, so people pick
most of the coffee beans by hand. Workers typically pick between 20 and
40 pounds of usually coffee beans a day.
The old way to grow coffee plants is under large trees. The trees protect
the coffee plant from the sun. The trees are also home to many kinds of birds.
On many modem farms, however, farmers cut down the new trees. They grow
the coffee plants under the sun. Large farms can produce more coffee this way.
Unfortunately, the coffee plants on these farms need more water and more
fertilizer. And without the trees, the birds don't have a place to live.
 M Vocabulary
Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
by hand half produce typically modem
chance pick protect unfortunately
countries
1. On many________________ __farms, however, farmers cut down the
trees.
2. Brazil alone produces about_______________of the world's crop of
coffee beans.
3. It's difficult to - ________________coffee beans.
4. People pick most of the coffee beans_______________
5. The trees_________________the coffee plant from the sun.
6. There is a good ________that your coffee comes from one of these
five
_______________: Brazil, Colombia, Indonesia, Ivory Coast, or
Ethiopia.
7. Workers__________pick between 20 and 40 pounds of coffee beans
a day.
8., the coffee plants on these farms need more water and more
fertilizer.
9. These five countries_____________most of the coffee in the world
today.

Vocabulary: New Context

Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for
words in the text.
by hand half protect produces modern
chance pick unfortunately typically country
1. What__________________is south of Canada?
2. Feathers--------------------a bird from the cold.
3. _______ cars have air bags to protect people.
4. Many people make their clothes________________
5. How do people______________dates from a date palm?
6. When you cut something in____________, you have two equal
pieces.
7. The date palm_________________dates.
8. Polar bears_____________live in cold places.
9. There is no__________________that she will come with us.
10. I want to go to the party, but_______I need to work.

94 _________________________________
M. ..
Vocabulary Review

Underline the word that does not belong with the other three.
1. oranges, dates, rice, water hyacinth
2. south, east, west, northern
3. leaves, flowers, fruit, insects
4. broom, machine, roof, sandals
5. ocean, lake, desert, aquarium
6. raise, grow, produce, kill
7. expensive, excited, bored, tired
8. hate, save, kill, hurt

d'- Questions

The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the
text.
1. Which country produces the most coffee?
2. When does a coffee plant start producing coffee beans?
3. For how many years does the coffee plant produce fruit?
4. Why do people pick coffee beans by hand?
*5. Why can't machines pick the beans well?
6. Why do some farms raise coffee plants under the sun?
*7. Is it cheaper to grow coffee plants under trees or in the sun?

Comprehension: True/False/No Information

Write T if the sentence is true. Write F if the sentence is false. Write NI if there is
no information about the sentence in the text.
______ 1. The coffee plant is a small tree.
______ 2. There is only one way to grow coffee plants.
______3. Most coffee farms are in southern countries.
______4. A coffee plant typically produces fruit for more than 40 years.
______5. It's difficult to pick coffee by hand.
______6. You need less fertilizer and water to grow coffee under trees.
______ 7. Farms can grow more coffee when they cut down the trees.
______8. It's better to grow coffee plants on large farms.

Lesson 5: The Coffee Plant ^0^ 95

 f Main Idea
Match the details with the main ideas. Write the letter of each detail under the correct main
idea.

Main Ideas
2. Modem way of growing
1. Old way of growing coffee
coffee

Details
a. plants grow under trees
b. plants grow in the sun
c. uses more fertilizer
d. uses less fertilizer
e. produces less coffee
f. produces more coffee
g. cuts down the large trees
h. uses large trees
i. uses less water
j. uses more water
k. doesn't provide a home for birds
l. provides a home for birds
 Wọrdổtudf

Verbs: Past Tense

Add -ed to most verbs to make the past tense. If the verb ends in e, just add -d.
smell-smelled raise-raised
earn-earned hate-hated
Use the y rules. (See page 26.) study-studied play-played
Use the 1-1-1 (one-one-one) rule. (See page 27.) plan-plannedshop-shopped
Some verbs are irregular. You must memorize the past tense for these verbs.

Simple Past Simple Past Simple Past

Verb Tense Verb Tense Verb Tense
come came eat ate grow grew
make made becom became think thought
teach taught e take took be was,
were
Put the past tense of the verb in each sentence.
(eat) 1. We_______--. _ __lunch at 1:00 yesterday.
(plan) 2. This morning Jeff — ___________his whole day.
(take) 3. Ms. Sanchez_______ ______ her daughter to
the doctor
(be) yesterday.
4. Paul_____________ _ nearly late for class this
morning.
(carry) 5. Robert ____ his baggage into the airport.
(think) 6. We _______ __about the problem for a
______________
long time last week.
(come 7. Alice _ to our party last
) Saturday.
(teach) 8. Mr. Hall ___ in Japan for six years.
Now he teaches in New York.
(become) 9. Paula studied at the university for eight years. Last
year she__________________a doctor.
(shop) 10. Jim ______ for three hours last night.
(make) 11. Donna_________________a chocolate cake yesterday.
(dance) 12. The students____________________for a long time at
the party last Friday night.

Comparisons

We add -er to short adjectives (words with one syllable) to •

compare two things. We also use than. We use more than with
most longer words (words with three or more syllables).
Examples: Sally is more beautiful than Ann.
Rice is more important than potatoes in China.
Irregular Forms: good-better bad -worse far-farther
Examples: A car is better than a bicycle.
A bicycle is worse than a car.
An airplane can go farther than a car.
Write the correct form of the adjective with the word than.

Example: (interesting) New York is morejnterestin@than

Chicago.

(expensive 1. A car is — a motorcycle.

) _____________________
2. Sugar is
(sweet) ____ oranges.
_____________________
(good) 3. Oranges are________ ________grapefruit.
(thin) 4. Bill is ___Paul.
_____________________
(difficult) 5. French is__________ _____Spanish.
(small) 6. A date is _____an orange.
(intelligent _____________________
7. Ruth is__________ ____Lee.
)(wonderfu 8. A trip to the moon is __, a trip
l) _____________________
to the supermarket.
(far) 9. If you are in New York, Dallas is
_________________Chicago.
 ■
fcj. Plural Nouns
Most of the rules for adding s to nouns are the same as the rules for
adding s to verbs.
baby-babies bus-buses
highway-highways lunch-lunches
If a noun ends in f, change the f to v and add -es. If a noun ends
in fe, change the f to v and add ■s.
Irregular Plurals: leaf-leaves Write the life-lives
plural of each noun.
1. lunch ________________ 9. crop --------------------------
2. roof _________________ 10. seed ---------------------------
3. knife ________________ 11. family _________________
4. key _________________ 12. aquarium ________ —
13. enemy ------------------------
5. leaf _________________
14. club ___________________
6. sandal _______________
15. eyelash ________________
7. day _________________
16. library _________________
8. star___________________

HU
[dj -y Adjectives
Add -y to some nouns or verbs to make an adjective.
cloud-cloudy sun-sunny
Use the 1-1-1 rule. (See page 27.)
sun-sunny But: snow-snowy
If the noun or verb ends in e, drop the e and add -y.
shine-shiny ice-icy
(See the exercise on the following page.)
 Add -y to each word. Be careful of the spelling. Then choose the right word for
each sentence.
salt snow juice sun
ice cloud wind shine
1. Yesterday was a beautiful day. It was__________________
The sky is __________ today. The weather is bad.
2. Oranges are___ ______ . Bananas are not.
3. Gold is__________________
4. In winter, there are often — _____ days.
Sometimes the streets become__________________
5. In spring, there are _________ _____ ____days. The wind
blows a lot.
6. This food is too__________________I can't eat it.

61 Writing

Use real information to write your answers.

1. Which plant in Unit 3 is the most useful, in your opinion? Why?
2. Which plants in Unit 3 can you find in your country?
3. Which plant in Unit 3 is the most beautiful, in your opinion? Why?

100
 CM Video Highlights
■tìỂỀtoốáih—:<c — ••';i ••. .;?> -■ 'S&t'S ■-

Before You Watch

1. Circle Cameroon on this map.

2. Discuss these questions with your classmates:

a. Why are plants important to humans and animals?
b. Why do people cut down forests?
3. Read this helpful information before you watch the video.
Bakas-a group of people who live in the rain forests of
Cameroon. There are about 40,000 Bakas in Cameroon.
Another name for the Bakas is "Pygmies."
Bantus-a large group of people who live in central Africa and
speak the same language. There are about 15,000,000
Bantus in Cameroon.
ethnic group-a group of people who share the same culture and
language. A country may have many different
ethnic groups.

Weo Hi ghl ghts

 As You Watch

Finish this sentence with at least two more reasons.

The forest is important to the Bakas because ...
1 thepeople_Ịove_the_lând._________________________
2 ___________________________________________________
3.__ ____________________________________________

After You Watch

1. Write T if the sentence is true. Write F if the sentence is false.

Write NI if there is no information about the sentence in the
video.
a. ______The Bakas do not know how to live in the forest.
b. The Bakas make poison from plants to kill their
enemies.
c. _______ The Bakas use plants from the forest for food and
medicine.
d. ______Most of the people in Cameroon are Bantus.
2. Discussion Questions
a. Who are the enemies of the Bakas? Why?
b. What happens to the Bakas when they leave the forest? What
are the good things? What are the bad things?
 a Unscramble the Words

What do people use to make these products?

Unscramble the words on the left to find out.
Example EDTA Baskets are made from
: SAMPL these kinds of trees.
DATE PALMS

1. ODWO People use this to build houses and boats.

2. CREI Brooms, rugs, sandals, and roofs can all be made from
parts of this plant.

3. AWTRE CNIYHTAH People use this to make fertilizer and

feed for animals.

Look Around the Room

Play this game with a partner.

Partner A: Look around the room. Make a list of all the things
that come from plants. Give the list to your partner.
Partner B: Go and touch each thing on the list, one by one. Tell
your partner what plant it comes from. Write the
name of the plant on the list.
Example: table tree

Read your list aloud to your classmates. Which pair of partners

found the most things?

Activity Page
Dictio

Finding the Correct Spelling

1 Make a sentence using the past tense of each verb. Be sure to follow the
spelling rules, and watch out for irregular verbs.
Example: carry The woman carried the food out of the forest
in a large basket.

dance ______________________________________________
see ________________________________________________
make_______________________________________________

______________________________________________

raise _______________________________________________
bt^<20l^Ếl ____________________________________________________________
feed________________________________________________
catch._______________________________________________

Look up each verb in your dictionary. Make sure that you spelled the past
tense of each one correctiy.
2. Add -y to the nouns and vt^i^l^ii below til make adjectives. When you are
finished, use your dictionary til check your work.
Example: star starry

Sim^li________________ grass______________________
salt___________________ sleep______________________

Now try using two of these new adjectives in some sentences of your own.
Example: It was a beautiful starry ni@ht.
For each sentence, choose the word, phrase, or symbol
that means the same as the word in bold type. Do not
use your dictionary. The bold words are new in this unit.
1. Sarah is in the hospital. I plan to visit her at the
hospital this afternoon.
a. take c. hate
b. go to see d. drive to her house
2. Can you express your feelings with your hands?
a. hear c. show
b. believe d. kill
3. Eating good food affects your health. It can make you
feel better.
a. changes c. kills
b. equals d. yawns
4. Cola drinks are popular all over the world.
a. liked by many people c. hated by many people
b. natural d. possible
5. People started to make things with machines during
the century from 1800 to 1900.
a. ten years c. a hundred years
b. fifty years d. a thousand years
6. When you add two and two, you get four.
a. + b. - c. X d. -
7. Some bands are small, with just three or four
musicians.
a. towns c. groups of musicians
b. countries d. groups of museums
 8. Mr. Baker has his own company. The company sells fruit and
vegetables to supermarkets.
a. business b. motorcycle c. car d. job
9. It's dangerous to talk on the telephone while you drive your
car.
a. after c. when
b. before d. but
10. Bill and Paul planned to go to Europe together. Then Bill got
sick, so Paul went alone.
a. in a group C. quickly
b. by himself d. by ship

Context Clues
lesson Music and Behavior

Before You Read

Look at the picture. Read the

sentences. Check (ti) True, False,
or Don't Know.
Tru False Don't Know
e
1. You often hear music in
restaurants.
□ □ D
2. Music helps you D □ D
relax.
3. Music helps you think D □ □
better.
 1 Music and Behavior
Where did you go yesterday? Did you hear music at Ị any of those places?
There is a good chance that you did. Today most stores and restaurants play
music. You might even hear music in an office or on a farm.
Scientists believe that music affects the way people changes act,
behave. According to some scientists, the sound of do things
western classical music (Mozart and Bach) makes people
feel richer. When a restaurant plays classical music,
people spend more money on food and drinks. When the
restaurant plays modem music, people spend less money.
With no background music, people spend even less.
Scientists also believe that loud, fast music makes
people eat faster. People actually chew their food faster having a strong sound
when the music gets faster. Some restaurants play fast
music during their busy hours. This gets people to eat faster and leave quickly
Restaurants can make more money this way.
Some scientists think that music makes you think and learn better. They
say that music helps students to be more alert. It is true that people learn better
when they are relaxed. And listening to music can help you relax.
The next time you hear music somewhere, be careful. It might change the
way you behave.
Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
affects careful loud office
background farm alert chew
behave classical music scient
ists
1. Studies also show that____________, fast music makes people eat
faster.
2. You might even hear music in an_______________or on a farm.
3. The next time you hear music somewhere, be-----------------
4. According to some scientists, the sound of western______________
music (Mozart and Bach) makes people feel richer.
5. Did you hear__________________at any of these places?
6. With no__________________music, people spend even less.
7. People actually______________their food faster when the music gets
faster.
8. Scientists believe that music________ -----------------------------------------
the way people________________

Vocabulary: New Context

Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words
affect loud office
in the text. carefu better
background chew l behav
sound classical music e
1. You should____________-___your food well. You don't want to get
a stomachache.
2. Her___________is very small. There is only a desk and a chair in it.
3. The children can't go to the movies this week because they didn't
well at school.
4. We couldn't study because there was a loud noise in the________
5. What is your favorite kind of________________?
6. You should be_________________when you drive your car.
7. ________music can hurt your ears.
8. Laughter can ______ your feelings. Usually it makes you feel better.
Underline the word that does not belong with the other two.
1. camel, dolphin, rice
2. hate, raise, produce
3. wonderful, boring, lovely
4. eastern, western, even
5. seeds, soil, skin
6. date, orange, exercise
7. government, art museum, aquarium
8. farm, roof, office

Questions

The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the
text.
1. What kind of music makes people feel richer? *2. Why do some restaurants
play classical music?
3. Why do some restaurants play fast music?
4. How can you get people to chew their food faster? *5. Why is there
background music in some offices?
6. How might music help you to learn better?

e Comprehension: True/False/No Information

Write T if the sentence is true. Write F if the sentence iffalse. Write NI if there is
no information about the sentence in the text.
_______1. Mozart and Bach wrote classical music.
______2. Music can affect how quickly someone eats.
______3. It's possible that music can help you learn better.
______4. Some restaurants use music to make more money.
______5. People in restaurants spend more money when they hear loud, fast
music.
______6. Office workers are more productive when they listen to music.
m
Main Idea
Circle the number of the main idea of the text.
1. Music affects the way people behave.
2. Loud, fast music makes people eat faster.
3. Music might make you think and learn better.
Before You Read

Look at the picture. Read the sentences. Check (ti) True,

False, or Don't Know.
Tru False Don't Know
e

1. Jazz is a type of music. D D D

2. Jazz is different from D D D
classical music.

3. Some jazz musicians play D D D

the guitar.
 People from Europe and America brought Africans to America as slaves
before and during the nineteenth century. These Africans brought their music
with them. After the American Civil War (1861-1865), the
African American people in the United States were not 100 years
slaves. Their African American music became famous. It
started in the South, in Louisiana and Mississippi. Then it
traveled to the North. This music became the blues and
then jazz.
Blues and jazz became very popular in the twentieth
century. A person who "sings the blues" feels sad. Usually
he or she lost something—a person, or maybe money or a liked by many people
job. Blues songs express sad feelings, sometimes in a
funny way. People played the blues first with only one or
two instruments, for example, a guitar, a harmonica, or say or tell
sometimes a piano. Sometimes they sang without any
instruments. Some famous blues musicians and singers are
Bessie Smith, John Lee Hooker, and B. B. King. B. B.
King named his guitar "Lucille."
Jazz came soon after blues. Composers added more
musical instruments. Jazz can be happier than the blues and
is often faster. Some famous jazz musicians are Duke
Ellington, Louis Armstrong, Miles Davis, and Wynton music writers; put in, +
Marsalis.
Musicians who play blues and jazz change the music to
express their feelings. They play the music differently each
time. People all over the world still like to listen to blues
and jazz.
a Vocabulary

Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
century popular added feelings
listen express guitar compos
usually instruments slaves ers harmon
blues jazz listen ica piano
This music became _____and then
______________________________
2. People from Europe and America _____ brought Africans to America as
______________before and during the nineteenth_____________
3. Blues and jazz became very_______________in the 20th century.
4. People played blues first with only one or two_______, for
example,
a_____________, a_____________, or sometimes a_____________
5. Blues songs_________________sad feelings, sometimes in a funny
way.
6. ______________________________________more musical instruments.

Vocabulary: New Context

Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for
words in the text.
century popular add piano
listen composed express guitar
usually instrument slaves harmon
feelings blues jazz ica compos
1. There are one hundred years in a______________ er
2. You play the____._____________. and the__________________with your
hands but not your mouth.
3. You play the_________________with your mouth and hands.
4. Can you . ____________________ these numbers? 456 + 142 + 862 = ?
5. Some people________________their feelings by crying or laughing.
6. Mozart__________________classical music.
7. John Lee Hooker sings the__ _____________, and Wynton Marsalis
plays____________________
8. The piano is a musical_______________
9. The dolphin is a_________________animal at an aquarium.
10.-----------------------worked on American farms in the nineteenth
century.
Match each word in Column A with the word or phrase in Column B that means the same.
Write the letter on the line following the word in Column A.
Column A Column B
1. ago___-_____ a. act
2. however_____ b. the top of a house
3. listen_____ c. new
4. affect------- d. not quiet
5. modern________ e. before now
6. lovely_____ f. hear
7. thin_______ g. beautiful
8. rice_______ h. a kind of shoe
9. behave_______i. change
10. roof_______ j. not fat
11. sandal_____ k. an important food for many people
12. loud_______ 1. but

Questions
 e Comprehension: True/False
Write T if the sentence is true. Write F if the sentence is false. The asterisk
(*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text.
______ 1. Blues and jazz come from African music.
2. The American Civil War ended in 1865.
-------- 3. Jazz and blues started in the southern part of Europe.
______ 4. A person who "sings the blues" feels happy because he
found something.
______*5. If someone gives you a million dollars, you will sing the
blues.
______ 6. People can sing the blues with no instruments.
______ 7. John Lee Hooker is a famous blues musician.
______ 8. Jazz is sometimes happier music than the blues.
______ 9. Musicians play jazz and blues the same way each time.

Main Idea
——- - - -
Circle the number of the main idea of the text.
1. The nineteenth century was an important time for American
music.
2. Jazz is happier music than blues.
3. Jazz and blues are two important types of African American
music.
 lesso Rock and
n
Roll

Before You Read

Look at the picture. Read the sentences. Check (✓) True, False,
or Don't Know.
True False Don't Know

1 Rock and roll is popular

. today.
D D □
2 Rock and roll musicians D D D
. don't play instruments.

3 Rock and roll music is D D D

. loud.
 3 Rock and Roll
Rock and roll came from jazz and the blues during the
1950s. One of the first rock and roll songs was Bill Haley's ^www.
"Rock Around the Clock." One of the first very famous irLanguage.com
rock and roll singers was Elvis Presley. Others were
Buddy Holly and Chuck Berry. Now almost every country
has many rock and roll bands and singers. Sometimes
performers call their music by different names, like "rap"
or "punk." They sing and play mixtures of rock and roll
and talking or other sounds. Rap and punk both came from two or more things put
together (noun form of
rock and roll, or rock music. mix)
Some fans who like rock music think that classical
music is boring. Many fans play rock music very loudly.
They forget about the people who enjoy soft music. Loud
music can make these people nervous. Many fans also like not loud

to dance to rock and roll.

When rock and roll was new, people had only records
to play the music at home. After that, people used cassette
tapes and records. Now we listen to music on compact
discs (often called CDs). Most modem bands and singers
pay companies to make videos of their songs. With videos,
fans can see the performers at the same time that they
listen to the music. Making a recording and the video that
goes with it is very expensive. compact disc
[al Vocabulary
Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
soft records nervous fans
composer performers mixtures companies
s baskets raise bands compact
1. Most modem bands and discs make
___to
singers pay
their songs.
— videos of

2. Some___ _ who like rock music think that classical music is

boring.
3. They forget about the people who enjoy - ____________music.
4. Loud music can make these people_______________
5. Now almost every country has many rock and roll______________
and singers.
6. When rock and roll was new, people had only______________to play
the music at home.
7. Now we listen to music on----------------------
8. Sometimes_________________call their music by different names, like
"rap" or "punk."
9. They sing and play_________________of rock and roll and talking or
other sounds.

[b Vocabulary: New
Context
] soft
Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words in the text.
company nervous boring
mixture records cassettes compact discs
raise fan band performer
1. Hot chocolate is a________________of chocolate, sugar, and milk.
2. Ahmed works for a large_________________in Riyadh.
3. Elvis Presley was a wonderful__________________
4. Students are usually_________________before a big test.
5. Loud music is not good for our ears, but ______ - music is okay.
6. Are you a ________ ______ of rock and roll or classical music?

120 JJ ________________________________________
7. A large_________________played at Laura's wedding.
8. ______________ are more expensive than tapes.
9. People listened to music from ___________ ______only at home, not in
their cars.

C| Vocabulary Review
Match each word in Column A with the word or phrase in Column B that means
the opposite. Write the letter on the line following the word in Column A.
Column A Column B
1. calm______ a. east
2. thin _______ b. soft
3. loud______- c. nobody
4. different d. tick
________________
5. before______ e. save
6. store_______ f. throw away
7. west____ g. after
8. all over ____ h. nowhere
9. spend_______ i. same
10. warm______ _ j. cool
11. somebody k. nervous
________________

|d| Questions
The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the
text.
1. What are rap and punk?
*2. Who was Bill Haley?
3. Where did rock and roll come from?
*4. Why do some rock and roll fans think that classical music is boring?
5. In the 1950s, what did people use to play rock and roll music at home?
6. Why do some fans like videos better than cassette tapes or compact discs?
7. Is it cheap to make a video?
8. Some people don't like loud music. Why?
9. Who were Elvis Presley, Buddy Holly, and Chuck Berry?
*10. Why does almost every country have many rock bands and singers?
feJ Comprehension: Multiple Choice
nil--------.------------------------------- 2
Put a circle around the letter of the best answer.
1. Many rock and roll fans like to___the music.
a. dance to b. collect c. listen to d. listen and dance to
2. Bill Haley's "Rock Around the Clock" was one of the first__songs.
a. blues b. rap c. rock and roll d. punk
3. Rap is a _____ of rock and roll and talking.
a. mixture b. record c. performer d. company
4. Many fans like their rock music____
a. soft b. nervous c. loud d. boring
5. Rock and roll came___classical music.
a. before b. after c. during d. at the same time as
6. The first rock and roll fans listened to "Rock Around the Clock" on
a
a. video b. cassette tape c. compact disc d. record
7. Elvis Presley was a famous ---
a. farmer b. performer c. band d. company
8. Rock and roll began about____years ago.
a. 10 b. 100 c. 50 d. 25

Main Idea
Circle the number of the main idea of the text.
1. Rock and roll is a popular type of modem music.
2. Most rock and roll music is loud.
3. Many rock performers make videos of their songs.
 Country-Western Music lesson

Before You Read

Look at the picture. Read the sentences. Check (✓) True, False,
or Don't Know.
True False Don't
Know
1 Country-western music is D D □
. good dance music.

2 You need a guitar to play □ □ □

. country-western music.

3 Country-western music is
. loud. D □ □
 4 Country-Western Music
Country-western music is very old. It came from the United States,
Canada, Ireland, and Great Britain. Country-western music
is a mixture of music from all of these places.
In the American West, cowboys had to take care of the
cattle. They had to watch them all day and all night because
the cattle were nervous and sometimes ran away. A
cowboy's life was lonely and dangerous. When he was
alone with the cattle, he drank strong coffee to stay awake
at night. He also sang music to the cattle to calm them. He cattle
sang about the stars and the moon, about his family and his
friends. The cattle listened to the cowboy and went to sleep.
They did not run away if he sang beautiful, peaceful music.
The cowboys also sang music when they traveled to make quiet
town to relax and have a good time. Sometimes they played
either guitars or harmonicas. Later they used violins and
other instruments.
In the American South, many people came from
Ireland, Scotland, and England. Other people came from
French Canada. They enjoyed their own kind of music.
They used guitars, violins, and harmonicas, too. They also
added instruments from their homes, like bottles, cans, and
spoons. When they visited their friends and families on
holidays like Thanksgiving, they usually sang and played
country music.
Country-western music describes life. It talks about
love, jobs, home, and money. People in many parts of the
world like country-western music because everyone knows
bottle can
something about these ideas. Also, many fans of this music
wear western clothes and dance together to country-western music. Many bands
all over the world now perform country-western music.
Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
dangerous bottles cattle calm
either peaceful listened cans
alone visited violins country
When he was ___with the cattle, he drank strong
_ —
to stay awake at night.
coffee
2. When they________________their friends and families on holidays like
Thanksgiving, they usually sang and played country music.
3. They also added instruments from their homes, like___________________
________________, and spoons.
4. Cowboys had to take care of the__________________
5. A cowboy's life was lonely and__________________
6. Sometimes they played__________________guitars or harmonicas.
7. He also sang music to the cattle to__________________them.
8. They did not run away if he sang beautiful,__________________music.
9. Later they used_________________and other instruments.

b Vocabulary: New Context

Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words in
the text. dangerous bottles cattle stars
either peaceful cans calms
alone visit country violin
1. It is_________________to drive a car on icy roads.
2. You can buy vegetables and soup in--------------------------
3. You can buy orange juice in cans and_________________
4. Those children__________________ their grandparents every week.
5. When a war ends, the countries are___________________
6. ________________are mammals.
7. Some people do not like to be__________________
8. Mario wants to study_______________the guitar or the______________
9. Sometimes classical music__________________animals and people.
[cl! Vocabulary Review
Underline the word that does not belong with the other three. irLanguage.com
1. blues, jazz, mammals, rock and roll
2. calm, beside, relaxed, not nervous
3. around, eastern, southern, western
4. violin, guitar, cassette, harmonica
5. cattle, fans, composers, performers
6. grass, jazz, rice, palm
7. lovely, sweet, afraid, wonderful
8. listen, relax, express, slave
■
iH Questions
R
The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in
the text.
1. Where did country-western music come from?
*2. Why was a cowboy's life dangerous?
3. When did the cowboys sing?
4. What instruments do people use to play country-western music?
*5. Where did many people in the American South come from?
6. When people in the American South visited their families on holidays, what
did they do to have a good time?
7. What does country-western music talk about?
8. Why do people all over the world like country-western music?
 e Comprehension: True/False/No Information

Write T if the sentence is true. Write F if the sentence is false.

Write NI if there is no information about the sentence in the text.
______ 1. Many fans like to dance to country-western music.
______2. Country-western music is new.
______3. Country-western music came from the American West and
the American South.
______ 4. The cattle became calm when they listened to the
cowboys' songs.
______ 5. Cowboys sometimes had to stay awake all night.
______ 6. Cowboys always stayed alone with the cattle.
______ 7. Many people in the American South came from Malaysia,
China, and eastern Australia.
______ 8. Country singers sing about unusual ideas.
______ 9. Some fans enjoy country-western music instead of rock
and roll.

Main Idea
Circle the number of the main idea of the text.
1. Guitars and violins are popular instruments for country-western
music.
2. Cowboys sang country-western music because it helped them
relax.
3. Country-western music describes life.
irLanguage .com
Before You Read

Look at the picture. Read the

sentences.
Check (ti) True, False, or Don't
Know.
Don't
True False
Know

1. Latin music is loud. □ □ D

2. Latin music is good dance
music. □ □ □
3. Latin music is from Africa. □ □ □
 5 Latin Music and
Salsa
Latin music is very common in countries where people speak
Spanish or Portuguese. However, people all over the world can
enjoy it. This music comes from Mexico, the Caribbean, Central
America, and South America. Salsa is one kind of Latin music. Big
cities like Miami, New York, San Juan, Havana, and Panama City
have their own kinds of salsa.
Latin music is a mixture of European music and African music.
It has a strong beat. Many years ago, people played Latin music
mostly on guitars with drums, but now whole orchestras with lots
of other instruments play it. Composers of Latin music express
their feelings in their music. Sometimes they are very happy, and
sometimes they are sad. Ruben Blades and Juan Luis Guerra are
two famous modern Latin American composers. They perform
their own music with their own orchestras. irLanguage.com
People play salsa and other Latin music at home or when they
visit their friends. Sometimes salsa fans play cards in the
afternoon or at night on weekends or holidays while they listen to
Latin music. Some people bring guitars and play when, at the same
them while they sing. The other people relax and time
enjoy the music, but they don't stop playing
cards. They roast or bake food in the oven or fry
it on top of the stove in oil. When the food is
ready, they stop playing cards. They listen to the
music while they eat. The food tastes good.
People who dance enjoy Latin music because
it is easy to dance to. The beat is very strong.
Dancers can move their whole bodies. They can
dance alone or with someone. Other people enjoy
listening to Latin music. Usually the words are in Spanish or
Portuguese, but
I sometimes they are in English or another language. Many Latin
songs have beautiful words, but if a person does not understand
them, it is not important. A person
' can still enjoy the music. The sound is international.
 Vocabulary

Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
oven beat common fry
international cards while bake
orchestras enjoy roast tastes
1. Sometimes salsa fans play________________in the afternoon or at
night
on weekends or holidays__________ . they listen to Latin music.
2. Latin music is very - . _ —______in countries where people speak
Spanish or Portuguese.
3. They .. _ _ ____ or___________________food in the
_______________or___________________it on top of the stove in oil.
4. The food__________________good.
5. It has a strong------ ----------------
6. The sound is__________________
7. Many years ago, people played Latin music mostly on guitars with
drums,
but now whole __________________with lots of other instruments play
it.
8. However, people all over the world can______________ it.

Vocabulary: New Context

Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words
in the text. beat common cards oven
baked enJoy while tastes
roast international fry orchestra
1. Rita usually listens to music________________she studies.
2. Carmen ---------------------- a chocolate cake yesterday.
3. Many people__ ____________playing soccer.
4. Do you know how to play_________________?
5. Sometimes we _________________meat in oil on top of the stove. We
bake or _ _ ___________ food in the___________________
6. There is a dance tomorrow night for the_____________students.
7. Rock and roll fans enjoy the __________of the music.
8. Classical music is__________________ all over the world.
9. Chocolate cake _______ better than grass.

fcJ Vocabulary Review

Put the right word in each blank. express boring
protect relax describe fan
museum even instumen dangerou
1. This television program is t sections
__________It's s around
not interesting.
2. Can you
salsa?
3. What is your favorite musical________- ?
4. Music is a way to________________feelings.
5. Some people love jazz. They ___________listen to it during
breakfast.
6. Most people like to__ _ ___after work or class.
7. There are________________ 200 students in the English program.
8. What do you do to _____your CDs?
9. Are you a____________of rock and roll?
10. The book has four________________Each one is about a different
subject.
11. There are some beautiful new photographs in the art__________
12. Bears are________________, but dolphins are not.

Question
s
The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot
find it in the text.
1. Where does Latin music come from?
2. What is salsa?
3. Name some cities that have their own types of salsa.
4. What kinds of music were mixed to get Latin music?
*5. Why does Latin music have a strong beat?
6. Who are Juan Luis Guerra and Ruben Blades?
*7. What are some things to do while you are listening to Latin
music?
8. What is the difference between roasting and frying?
9. How does a person dance to Latin music?
*10. How is Latin music different from the blues or country-western
music?

13J
 e Comprehension: True/False

Write T if the sentence is true. Write F if the sentence is false. The asterisk (*)
means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text.
______ 1. Caribbean countries have salsa.
— _ 2. Both African music and European music are part of Latin music. 3.
Ruben Blades usually performs with Juan Luis Guerra's orchestra. 4. Latin
music does not express feelings.
______ 5. Latin food tastes good.
____ 6. It is difficult to dance to Latin music.
.. ____ 7. If you don't understand Spanish, you can't enjoy Latin music.
____8. Salsa fans sometimes listen to Latin music while they play cards. *9. If
you want to dance to music, it's important to listen to the beat. 10. Many
Latin songs have beautiful words.

f Main Idea

Write the letters of the supporting details after the topics. Some supporting
details are about more than one topic.
Topics
1. Country Music________________ 4. Blues____________________
2. Rock and Roll__________________ 5. Latin Music___________________
3. Classical Music_______________
Supporting Details
a. It is common in countries where people speak Spanish.
b. It began during the 1950s.
c. Musicians play it differently each time.
d. Videos of its performers are very popular.
e. B. B. King plays it on "Lucille."
f. Bach and Mozart composed some of it.
g. People like to dance to it.
h. Cowboys sang this to their cattle.
i. People in the American South who came from Ireland, Scotland, and
England sang this.
j. It came from the African slaves' music.
132 JJ_________________________________________________________
 Word Study

a Forming Questions: Past Tense

The verb be: Put was or were before the subject.

Example: subject

was home last verb

night.
home last night?
Was Tom

Other verbs: Put did at the beginning of the sentence. Use the
simple verb.
Example:
subject
The farmers planted corn last spring. Did the farmers plant
corn last spring?
Change these sentences to past tense questions.
1. The dancers listened to the music.
2. The orchestra ate dinner after the performance.
3. The meat was in the oven for two hours.
4. The cowboys raised cattle in the country.
5. The cook fried some thin pieces of meat.
6. The band sold compact discs to fans at the nightclub.
7. The blues singers were asleep on the bus.
8. Our neighbor went to San Francisco to hear Wynton Marsalis.

Iii] Irregular Verbs

Memorize these irregular verbs. Put the right verb form in each blank.
Simple Verb Past Tense Simple Verb Past Tense go went
do did give gave
get got sell sold
see saw
 (do) 1 Carlos _____ . his homework early
. _________________
( et)
g 2 yesterday.
Did you___ _____a good grade on your
. test?
(see) 3 Helen ___her friends at the
. _________________
Student Union this morning at breakfast time.
( o)
g 4 ____to the football game last
They____
.
Saturday.
(give) 5 We ________ __ ___our mother a birthday
. ___________
present every year.
(sell) 6 Did the Browns ___ ___ - their house?
.
7 _________________
Paul and Robert
(be) .
______________at home last
_________________
night.
(grow 8 Coffee _ _______ _ ____in Brazil.
)(think . 9 I________________ of the answer after the
) . teacher asked someone else.
(take) 10 Will you .________ _____- the test next month?
(eat) .11. We_______ ___pizza for lunch yesterday.
(come 12 All the students _______________to the class
) . _________________
party last night.
Ill -ly Adverbs
An adverb describes a verb. Many adverbs end in -ly. We can add -
ly to many adjectives to make adverbs.
Example: slow - slowly
Spelling: If the word ends in y, change the y to i.
easy - easily happy - happily
If the word ends in -ble, drop the le.
possible - possibly
Add -ly to each adjective. Then use the correct adverb in each blank. Underline
the verb.
easy different cheap busy
happy loud possible warm
1. You must dress__________________in winter, or you will
catch a cold.
2. You can_________________do the homework in a half hour.
There are only three short exercises.
3. People from Spain and Mexico speak Spanish, but they speak a
little __________________
4. Could I__________________borrow your car? I need one this
afternoon.
5. My son plays his CDs very__________________
6. You can live_________________if you live in a dormitory,
cook your own food, and ride a bicycle.

Word Forms: Noun and Verb the Same

Many words have the same form for both the noun and the verb. Read these
words. Then choose the right word for each sentence. Use the correct verb form
or the singular or plural noun.
Verb Noun Ver No
b un
tast
feed feed taste
use use cook e coo
poison poison work k wor
plant plant drink k drin
k
1.__________________________________ Ruth has lovely growing in front of
her
house. She _____________-.. them last spring.
2. Robert is a good -________________He likes to bake cakes,
and he also__________________international dishes.
3. What are you eating? Can I have a ___________________?
I never__________________that kind of food before.
4. Do you____________ coffee? Would you like a cold_________'
 5. I have a lot of______________to do. I______________all day
yesterday, but the _________ isn't finished.
6. Farmers buy one kind of ___ _________for chickens.
They____________________ their horses something
different.

Collocations
ssK———-----------------
Collocations are words that we often put together. We
often use certain verbs and nouns together. For example,
we often use the verb spend with the noun time or the
noun money.
Examples: I spend a lot of time at school every day.
He spends a lot of money on food.
Which verbs and nouns do we often use together? Write
the correct nouns from the list on the lines beside each
verb.
Nouns cards a job money
music time

save

Answer the questions. Check

(.!) Yes or No.
Yes No

1. Do you like to play cards? □ □

2. Did you lose any money last □ □
week?
3. Did you spend some time reading D □
yesterday?

4. Did you save much money last □ □

year?

136 r-
1
 Writing

Use real innformation to write your answers.

1. What kinds of music do you enjoy most? Why?
2. Choose two of the kinds of music described in Unit 4. Tell
how they are alike. Then tell how they are different.
3. Describe your country's national music or some other kind of
music not described in Unit 4.

I
 OM

Before You
Watch
Walk around the class, and ask questions to find someone who
fits each description below.

Write a classmate's name to the left of each

description. Description loves to
Classmate's Name
Gabriela sing.
can play the guitar.
watches music videos.
likes country music.
likes to wear blue jeans.
doesn't like music at all.
can write songs.
b As You Watch
What kind of music is the video about? Check only one.
_______ Jazz and blues
_______ Rock and roll
. _____. Country-western
_______ Classical
_______ Latin and salsa

c After You Watch

1. Check (\I") the sentences that are true about all three singers
in the video.
_______ They are all women.
_______ They all write their own songs.
_______ They all wear hats when they sing.
_______ They all play the guitar.

2. Work with a partner or a small group of your classmates.

Write facts that you learned in the video about each of the
singers. If you need to, watch the video again to find the
answers.

The name of Sherrie Austin's new album:

The kind of clothes Michael Peterson likes to wear:

What Matraca Berg wants to do next:

Video Highlights
What instrument is missing from each of the pictures? Finish the
picture by' drawing in the missing instrument. Then write the name
of the instrument below the picture.

Music Bingo

Write one word from the list below in each box of the Bingo card.
When everyone is ready, your teacher will call out a vocabulary
word. If you have written the word in a box, mark it with an X.
Whoever has five X's in a row or a column wins Bingo.
Vocabulary Words to Choose From
alone add beat boring blues
cards common soft classical violi
fans feelings tastes instrument ns
record
Jazz nervous behave popular visit
1. Look up the words below in your dictionary to find out
if they are adjectives or nouns. Write noun or adjective
next to each
word. If the
word you
looked up is
an

Understanding Grammar
adjective, change it to a
noun. If it is a noun,
change it to an adjective.
Example:
boring
a. classical
b. peaceful
adjective boredom (noun)
c. danger
d. natural
e. nerve

2. Use the correct forms of each word you identified

above to complete these sentences.
a. Gabriela doesn't like_________________music.
b. After many years of war, the people prayed for

c. Some of the animals in the rain forest are

___________________to humans.
d. For thousands of years, the Bakas lived close to

e. The singer was on stage. when she first

walked

Dictionary Page
 p’ /fe p r-
Context Clues
For each sentence, choose the word or phrase that means the same as the word
in bold type. Do not use your dictionary. The bold words are new in this unit.
1. She works 40 hours a week and she gets three weeks of vacation. She usually visits her
family during her vacation.
a. money c. hot places
b. exercise d. time not working
2. I have six oranges but I only need two. That means I have four extra oranges.
a. more than needed c. strange
b. less than wanted d. sweet
3. It's the pilot's duty to fly the plane safely.
a. chance c. behavior
b. necessary act d. exercise
4. One of the benefits of exercising is that you feel good.
a. something good c. something natural
b. something bad d. something expensive
5. Everyone was hungry, but they only had one sandwich. They
decided to share the sandwich so that everyone got a little.
a. throw away c. divide in equal parts
b. make d. chew it slowly
6. The loudness of the music continued to increase. Finally, it was so loud everyone left the
room. When something increases, there is of it.
a. more c. the same amount
b. less d. none
7. If you want to study, don't sit in that chair. It's very comfortable, and you might fall asleep.
a. hard c. exciting
b. relaxing d. boring

14
4
8. He always gets dressed after breakfast because he doesn't want to
get food on his school clothes.
a. takes clothes off c. puts clothes on
b. chooses clothes d. hates clothes
9. What's your favorite meal—breakfast, lunch, or dinner?
a. day of the week c. time to get up
b. time to eat d. part of a movie
10. My fiend has a hundred jazz CDs. Obviously, he likes jazz
music.
a. It is hard to believe that c. It is strange that
b. It is better that d. It is easy to see that

Context Clues
lesso Work
n Hours

1 Country
Normal Work
Hours Each Week
Vacation Days Each
Year

Argentina 48 hours 14 to 35 days

France 35 hours 25 days
Germany 40 hours 30 days
Thailand 48 hours At least 6 days per year
United States 40 hours 10 to 20 days

Before You Read

Look at the chart and the pictures. Read the sentences. Check
(.I) True, False, or Don't Know.
Tru False Don't
e Know

1. People in France work more D D D

hours than people in Germany.

2. People in Germany have the D □ D

longest vacations.

3. Most people work about eight D D D

hours a day.
 1 Work Hours
Many people say that they are working too many hours. They
don't have enough time with their families. They can't take care of
things at home. They don't have time to relax.
Work hours vary from one country to another. In are different
France, people spend about 1,646 hours a year at work. In Japan,
however, people work about 2,159 hours a year. That means a
Japanese employee works 513 more worker hours a year than a
French employee. That is more than 12 weeks, or three months, of
extra work!
Why do people work so many hours? Some people work extra
hours because they want to earn more money. However, many
companies don't pay overtime. Their employees don't get extra pay
for extra work. These people work extra hours because they think it's
their duty. Some people are afraid they will lose their job if they don't
work extra hours.
Many people say that their vacations are too short. In France,
people get five weeks of paid vacation. In Germany, they get from
four to six weeks. In the United States, two weeks of vacation is the
average. Many people don't even use all of their vacation days. In
one study in Great Britain, fewer than half of workers used all their
vacation days. In English, people say, "All work and no play makes
Jack a dull boy." If that is true, there boring are a lot of dull people in
the world.
[al Vocabulary
Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
averag earn extra pay vary
e dull employe lose vacation
duty e overtim s
enough e
1. Some people work extra hours because they want to____________
more money.
2. All work and no play makes Jack a_______________boy.
3. However, many companies don't pay________________
4. In the United States, two weeks of vacation is the____________
5. Work hours _____from one country to another.
6. These people work extra hours because they think it's their_____
7. A Japanese employee works 513 more hours a year than a
French

8. They don't have_________________time with their families.

9. That is more than 12 weeks, or three months, of ------ work!
10. Some people are afraid they will ____ their job if they
don't work extra hours.
11. Many people say that their_______________are too short.

Vocabulary: New Context

averag earn extra

e dull employee lose
duties s enough overtim
e
Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words in the text.
pay
varies
vacatio
n
1. They left early because the movie was very______________
2. She didn't buy the book because she didn't have ------money.
3. At the movies, you_________________before you enter the theater.
4. He worked four hours of ________last week.
5. In some places, the weather_____ from day to day.
6. He wants to get a job so he can - some money.
7. The__________________person sleeps about eight hours a day.
 8. Florida is a popular place for a_______________
9. Take care of your passport. You don't want to_____________it.
10. One of my___________________at home is to cook dinner.
11. How many_________________does his company have?
12. Do you want an_________________piece of cake?

c Vocabulary Review
Underline the word that does not belong with the other three.
1. calm, peaceful, relaxed, dangerous
2. guitar, harmonica, broom, violin
3. roast, pretend, bake, fry
4. chew, yawn, laugh, affect
5. basket, office, farm, museum
6. bored, soft, alert, lonely
7. scientist, medicine, composer, farmer
8. cattle, dolphin, date palm, bear

d Questions
 e Comprehension: True/False/No Information

Write T if the sentence is true. Write F if the sentence is false. Write

NI if there is no information about the sentence in the text.
______1. People in France work more hours than people in Japan.
______2. You don't always earn extra money when you work extra
hours.
______3. If your company pays overtime, you get more money when
you work extra hours.
______4. In most countries, people get five weeks of vacation every
year.
______5. People in the United States have fewer vacation days than
people in France or Germany.
______6. In Great Britain, most employees use all their vacation days.

f Main Idea
Circle the number of the main idea of the text.
1. Many employees work extra hours, but they don't get paid for it.
2. Some people get longer vacations than others.
3. A lot of people think they are working too hard.
 less
on

Before You Read

Look at the pictures. Read the sentences. Check (vi) True,

False, or Don't Know.
Tr False Don't
ue Know
1. Doctors often work □ D D
overtime.
2. It's harder to become a D D D
pilot than a waiter.
3. A dentist's pay is higher •
than
D D
a waiter's pay. □
 In the United States, you probably shouldn't ask the question "How much
money do you earn?" Many people think that their salary is private
information. However, you can find out the typical salary the money paid for
doing a jOb
for different jobs on the Internet.
What are the best-paying jobs? In the United States,
doctors, dentists, and pilots get the highest salaries.
Why is that? Maybe it's because it takes many years of
study to enter these professions. Which jobs pay the
lowest salaries? All of the lowest-paying jobs are
connected to food. Cooks in fast-food restaurants and
waiters get the lowest salaries in the United States.
Of course, your salary is not just the money you earn
every week or month. In many jobs, you get a salary and
benefits. Benefits are the extra things your employer
gives you. Common benefits are health insurance
and paid vacations. Benefits equal about 25% of an
employee's salary. For example, a person with a salary of
$40,000 plus benefits is really earning about $50,000.
That's a lot of extra money! and, +
 Vocabulary

Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
benefits employer pilots doctors
dentists health insurance plus salary
professions Internet private waiters
1. In many jobs, you get a salary and______________
2. In the United States,________________- - , and
__________________get the highest salaries.
3. You can find out the typical salary of different jobs on the________
4. A person with a salary of $40,000 ------------benefits is really
earning about $50,000.
5. Common benefits are_______________and paid vacations.
6. Cooks in fast-food restaurants and_________ _ get the lowest
salaries in the United States.
7. It takes many years of study to enter these_____________
8. Many people think that their _______________ 1s
__________________information.
9. Benefits are the extra things your_______________gives you.

b Vocabulary: New Context

Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for
words in the text.
benefits employer pilots doctor
dentist health insurance plus salary
professions Internet private waiters
1. Your_____________. pays your salary.
2. When you have a toothache, you should go to a______________
3. If the sign on a door says ______, you shouldn't enter.
4. Ten ____ _ ten equals twenty.
5. Her father changed________________ several times during his life.
First
he was a doctor, and then he became a business man and then
a teacher.
6. People in the United States pay for their own --------; the
government does not provide it.
7. ____________________work in restaurants.
8. One of the_________________of the Internet is that you get lots of
free information.
9. Is your_________________higher this year than last year?
10. A pediatrician is a___ _____for children.
11. There are usually two_____.___________on an airplane.
12. The___ ______is a worldwide computer system of facts and
news.

Vocabulary Review

Match each word in Column A with the word or phrase in Column B

that means the same. Write the letter on the line following the word
in Column A.
Column A Column B
1. hard___ a. usual
2. relaxed b. difficult
3. common______ c. one of twothings
4. boring________ d. not slow
5. either______ e. not safe
6. bake_______ f. not cheap
7. dangerous _ __ g. calm
8. quick _____ h. cook in theoven
9. expensive ____ i. not interesting

d Questions
[e:::, Comprehension: Multiple Choice
Put a circle around the letter of the best answer.
1. Paid vacation is______ c. a kind of
a. a profession benefit
b. a kind of overtime d. for employers
only
2. The money you earn at a job is your
a. Internet c. insurance
b. salary d. employer
3. You get___ from your employer.
a. a profession c. employees
b. a waiter d. benefits
4. Benefits equal about____of an employee's salary.
a. half c. 25%
b. 10% d. 30%
5. It takes a long time to become .—
a. an employee c. a waiter
b. a pilot d. a cook in a fast-food
restaurant

f Main Idea
Circle the number of the main idea of the text.
1. Salary and benefits vary from one job to another.
2. Health insurance is one type of benefit.
3. It takes a long time to become a doctor, dentist, or pilot.
 lesson Family-Friendly
3 Companies
Time off for the Birth of a Child Country

Finland 105 days of paid time off for mothers

Japan 42 days of paid time off for fathers 14 weeks
unpaid time
United States
off for mothers
12 weeks of unpaid time off for mothers

Before You Read

Look at the picture and the chart. Read the sentences. Check (/') True, False, or
Don't Know.
Tru False Don't Know
e

1. All countries give paid time off at D D D

the birth of a child.

2. In Finland, fathers get paid time D D □

off at the birth of a child.

3. Most companies are family- □ D D

friendly.
3 Family-Friendly Companies
In many families today, both the mother and the father have jobs
outside the home. This can make it difficult to take care of the
children. To help, some companies are changing the work rules.
These companies are trying to be more family-friendly
What are companies doing to become familyfriendly? Many
companies are allowing their employees to work flexible hours. With
flexible hours, or flextime, people can work full time, but they don't
have to work a nine-to-five schedule. Some employees choose to
come in early and leave earl y. Some employees choose to work ten
hours one day and six hours the next. Most companies say that
flexible hours increase productivity. In the United States, about one-
third of full-time employees have flexible work schedules.
Family-friendly companies also allow two employees to share
one job. Each employee does half the job and gets half the salary.
In the United States, 27% of companies offer some kind of job
sharing.
Many family-friendly companies also give paid leave to both
parents when a baby is born. In many countries, time off from a job that is
employers have to give female workers time off not vacation or Sick days
before and after the birth of a child. In the United time not at work
States, for example, female employees get 12
weeks of unpaid time off. New mothers can stay at home, but they
don't get their salary. In some countries, employers have to give all
workers paid leave for the birth of a child. In Finland, for example,
both male and female employees get paid leave. Women get 105
days of paid leave and men get 42!
The way people work is changing. For many people, that is a
good thing.
[aj Vocabulary
III

Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
allowing flexible time off share leave
choose full time companies schedule beco
female increase rules unpaid me male
1. Many companies are_________________their employees to work
___________________hours.
2. Most companies say that flexible hours______________productivity.
3. Family-friendly companies also allow two employees to__________
one job.
4. To help, some companies are changing the work_____________
5. With flexible hours, people can work_______________, but they don't
have to work a nine-to-five_________________
6. In many countries, employers have to give_______________workers
___________________before and after the birth of a child.
7. In Finland, for example, both_______________and female employees
get paid leave.
8. In the United States, for example, female employees get 12 weeks
of ________________ time off.
9. Some employees__________________to come in early and leave early.
10. In some countries, employers have to give all workers paid for
the birth of a child.

Vocabulary: New Context

Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words
in the text.
allow flexible time off share femal
choose full-time male employer e sched
leave increase salary s rules uleunpai
1. Do you want a__________________job or a part-time job? d
2. Did your parents____ you to work when you were in
high school?
3. Reading helps to_________________your vocabulary.
4. In the past, most pilots were_______________ , but today there are
many__________________pilots.
5. Do you know the_________________for American football?
6. Who has a more_________________.. body—a 15-year-old boy or an
80-
year-old man?
7. Do you take_________________every year? How many days of paid
___________________do you get?
8. Is it important to teach children to______________things with their
friends?
9. Where can I get a bus_______________?
10. Do you think people should________________their own name?

C Vocabulary Review
Put the right word in each blank.
instead of stretch exercis compan
expensive hate e y louder
private disease produc visit
e alone
1. It's hard to eat something you________________
2. AIDS is a dangerous------------------------
3. What crops does your country________________?
4. Do you know anyone who lives_______________?
5. What countries did you________________last year?
6. My employer has his own________________airplane.
7. Many people choose to live in the country______________the city.
8. If you,.. . your arms, you can touch your toes.
9. Which is more __ ________—a video or a CD?
10. How many times a week do you ________ - -
 Questions

The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot
find it in the text.
1. What are flexible work hours?
2. What is job sharing?
*3. Why are some companies becoming more family-friendly?
4. Why do employers like flexible work hours?
5. Why do employees like flexible work hours?
*6. Why are more men getting time off after the birth of a child?

e Comprehension: True/False/No Information

Write T if the sentence is true. Write F if the sentence is false. Write
NI if there is no information about the sentence in the text.
_______1. Most companies offer employees flexible hours.
_______2. With job sharing, one person has two jobs.
_______3. Paid leave is different from paid vacation.
_______4. Family-friendly companies are trying to help employees
with children.
_______5. Only employees with children can share jobs.
_______6. In Finland, both men and women get time off for the birth of
a child.

f Main Idea
Circle the number of the main idea of the text.
1. The way people work is changing.
2. More people are sharing jobs.
3. Companies are becoming more productive.
 Work lesso
Clothes n

Before You Read

Look at the picture. Read the sentences. Check (✓) True, False,
or Don't Know.
True False Don't
Know
1 All the women are wearing
. blouses.
D D D
2 All the men are wearing
. suits. □ D D
3
. Most companies have rules D D D
about work clothes.
4 Work Clothes
For some people, it's easy to get dressed for work. Pilots and police officers,
for example, don't have to make decisions about their work clothes. They wear
uniforms to work every day. choices
For many office workers, however, it is more difficult
to choose clothes for work. They do not wear uniforms to
the office. Also, many employers are changing their dress
codes. They are allowing their employees to wear casual
clothes to work. rules about what clothes
The change to casual work clothes began in the 1990s. to wear
At first, many companies in the United States allowed employees to wear casual
clothes on one day of the week—Friday. Friday became "Casual Friday" or
"Dress-down Friday." Today, however, many companies are allowing their
employees to wear casual clothes every day of the week.
Why are companies allowing their employees to wear casual clothes? Some
studies show that people are more productive when they are wearing comfortable
clothes. Employees also like the casual dress code because they don't need to buy
special clothes for work. They can save money this way.
Unfortunately, a casual dress code can also cause problems. Sometimes
employees dress too casually. They think they can wear anything. Many
companies have rules about casual clothes. They list the kinds of clothes that are
not "business-casual" clothes. Blue jeans, sandals, and sportswear are examples
of clothes that are usually too casual for the office.
 a Vocabulary
Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
casual get dressed police
comfortable dress codes officers
special
decisions uniforms sportswea
r
1. They wear_________________to work every day.
2. Pilots and__________________, for example, don't have to make
___________________about their work clothes.
3. Blue jeans, sandals, and________________are examples of clothes
that
are usually too casual for the office.
4. That is because many employers are changing their____________
5. Some studies show that people are more productive when they
are
wearing__________________clothes.
6. They are allowing their employees to wear________clothes to work.
7. Employees also like the casual dress code because they don't need
to buy ----------------clothes for work.
8. For some people, it's easy to_______________for work.

I Vocabulary: New Context

Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words
in the text.
casual get dressed police
comfortable dress codes officers
special
decide uniform sportswea
r
1. Why did she__________________to become a pilot?
2. There are more male____________than female ones.
3. Soccer players wear their team's______________
4. People don't usually wear________________clothes to a wedding.
5. Most schools have________________
6. You can wear_________________to the lake.
7. Sportswear is more____ than office clothes.
8. She has__________________clothes that she wears only to work.
9. How long does it take you to___________ in the morning?
 C Vocabulary Review
Match each word in Column A with the word in Column B that means
the opposite. Write the letter on the line following the word in Column
A.
Column A Column
1. boring_____ B a. leave
2. interesting _ b. public
______________
3. earn ______ c. dull
4. private_______ d. love
5. country e.
_________________
6. hate_______ exciting
f. calm
7. nervous . g.
_________________ spend
8. stay_______ h. city

Questions
 £ Comprehension: Multiple Choice

Put a circle around the letter of the best answer.

1. Pilots and police officers wear____to work.
a. casual clothes c. uniforms
b. sportswear d. blue jeans
2. At first, people wore casual clothes____
a. every day c. at work
b. on Friday d. any day
3. Some studies show that employees_ when they are wearing
comfortable clothes.
a. eat more c. buy more
b. work longer hours d. produce more
4. ______are not "business-casual" clothes.
a. Sandals c. Comfortable clothes
b. Shoes d. Pants
5. A dress code tells what you can and can't__at work.
a. do c. wear
b. say d. save

f Main Idea
Circle the number of the main idea of the text.
1. Pilots wear uniforms to work.
2. Dress codes are becoming more casual.
3. Work clothes are special clothes.

n ...
165
lesson Time
Off
s

Before You Read

Look at the pictures. Read the sentences. Check (✓)

True, False, or Don't Know.
True False Don't
Know

1. Watching TV is a popular □ □ D
free-time activity.

2. People spend more time D □ D

eating than watching TV.

3. Few people had a

computer
D □ □
at home 20 years ago.
 Time Off
Amal works 45 hours a week. It takes him an hour to travel to
work every day. That means he spends 10 hours commuting each
week. At home, Amal spends about 23 hours a week doing traveling to
work
work around the house. Of course, he needs to sleep (56
hours a week) and prepare and eat meals (14 hours a
week). So Amal has 20 hours of leisure. That is a typical
amount of leisure time for someone in the United States. free
time
What do people do in their leisure time? Obviously,
watching television is a popular free-time activity in many countries.
Studies show that people are watching more TV today than they did
twenty years ago. That is probably because there are many more TV
channels today. People can choose programs from hundreds of TV
channels.
Computers are also changing the way people use their leisure
time. Today people are spending more time doing things on their
computers. Surfing the Internet is becoming another popular free-
time activity. In fact, some employers are finding that workers are
skipping lunch to surf the Internet.
More and more, people are mixing their work time and play
time. They talk on the telephone while they are commuting to work.
They read work papers while they are eating. They listen to music
while they are studying. Maybe this is why people believe that they
have less free time today.
 а, _ Vocabulary
Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
channels leisure popular prepare
commuting meals programs typical
computers choose obviously surfing
1. ----------------------are also changing the way people use their leisure time.
2. Of course, he needs to sleep (56 hours a week) and___________________
and eat___________________(14 hours a week).
3. _________________, watching TV is a popular free-time activity in many
countries.
4. That means he spends 10 hours__________________each week.
5. _____________the Internet is becoming another popular free-time activity.
б. So Amal has 20 hours of___ _____ - - time.
7. That is probably because there are many more TV_________________today.
8. People can choose__________________from hundreds of TV channels.

b| Vocabulary: New Context

Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words
in the text.
channels probably leisure prepares meal
commute believe program mix
computer obviously surf
1. What is your favorite evening TV __
_________________________________?
2. Too many people___________________to work by car. The roads are
very crowded.
3. Do you know how to use a____________________ ?
4. How much__________________time do you have each week?
5. Why do people like to_________________the Internet?
6. __________________ she is very smart. She finished high school at age 14.
7. Who_________________the meals in your family?
8. What's your favorite____________________ -breakfast, lunch, or dinner?
9. How many__________________do you get on your TV?
 C Vocabulary Review
Underline the word that does not belong with the other three.
1. dull, boring, exciting, uninteresting
2. doctor, dentist, employer, waiter
3. benefits, schedule, salary, pay
4. travel, commute, pretend, move
5. lose, and, plus, add
6. dangerous, peaceful, calm, relaxing
7. sportswear, casual clothes, performers, uniforms
8. choose, vary, decide, pick

d Questions
 e Comprehension: True/False/No Information
Write T if the sentence is true. Write F if the sentence is false. Write
NI if there is no information about the sentence in the text.
_______ 1. Amal has a very unusual work schedule.
. ___= 2. Amal prepares all of the meals at home.
_______ 3. Most people in the United States commute by car.
_______ 4. Most people in the United States have about 20 hours of
leisure time each week.
_______ 5. Watching TV is a popular leisure activity.
_______ 6. There were hundreds of TV channels twenty years ago.
____ 7. There are more programs on TV today.
_______ 8. Instead of working, many employees are surfing the
Internet.
____- 9. People have less free time today than in the past.
_______10. People are studying and eating more today.

f Main Idea

Circle the number of the main idea of the text.

1. Leisure time is important.
2. People spend a lot of leisure time watching TV
3. The way people use their leisure time is changing.
 Word
a| Verbs: Present Continuous Tense Study
Use the present continuous tense for something that is
happening right now. Use am, is, or are and the -ing
form of the verb (be + simple verb + -ing).
Examples:

Now she is shopping for food. The birds are flying

south.
Spellin 1. Use the 1-1-1 rule.
g: shop - shopping put - putting
2. If a verb ends in e, drop the e and add -ing. live -
living leave - leaving
3. If a verb ends in ie, change the ie to y.
4. If a verb ends in y, just add -ing. study - studying fly
- flying
Write sentences in the present continuous tense. Tell something
that is happening now. Use these verbs.

1. visit 4. work 7.
2. 5. relax
8.
share
3. sit commute
6. study fry9.
use 10.
carry
1. Memorize these verb forms. Then use the past tense of each verb

b Irregular
Verbs
in a sentence.

Simple Past Simple Past

Verb
a. become Tense
became Verb
e. feel Tense
felt
b. buy bought f. find found
c. choose chose g. put put
d. bring brought h. lose lost

1
71
2. Write the past tense of each verb.
a. see_______ g. sell----------
b. go ____ h. get-----------
c. be______ i. come______
d. give______ J. grow______
e. make______ k. teach--------
f. eat_______ 1. take________

c Un

Un- means not.

Add un- to each of these words. Then put the words in the blanks.
happy popular like paid
hurt afraid kind common
1. A kiwi is__________________It lives only in New Zealand.
2. Sam is_____ _ ___ - with his classmates because he is
often----------------------to them.
3. Carol is only twelve years old. She was alone in the house
during a storm, but she was____________________
4. The baby fell off a chair, but luckily she was_______________
5. I get a two-week vacation, but unfortunately it's_____________
6. He's--------------------------because he lost his job.
d Compound Words
Put each word from Column A with a word from Column B to make a
compound word. Write the compound word in Column C.
We often use certain adjectives and nouns together. For example, we often use
the adjective warm with the noun coat. However, we don't use the adjective
cold with the noun coat.

Column A Column ColumnC

1. under B a. light
2. near b. mate
3. sun c. work
4. sun d. water
5. spring e. food
6. under f. not
7. room g. by
8. sea h. time
9. home i. line
10. can j. rise

e Collocations
Example: I have a warm coat for the winter.
What adjectives do we often use with the nouns below?
Noun
Adjectives flexible s
low soun
strong d
coffe
popular e
hours
high time
beat
activi
ty
music
What verb đo we often use with each noun below? Draw a line to connect the verb to the
noun.

Verbs Nouns
cause x the
earn Internet
a job
enter a meal
mcrease money
prepare a
get x problem
a
surf profession
productiv
ity
WWhat verbs do we often use with the noun money? Add your ideas to the chart.

Verbs Noun
save
s
e________ money
m
l________

f Writing
Use real information to write your answers.
1. How many hours and days a week would you like to work?
2. What's a good profession? Why do you think'so?
3. How do you spend your leisure time?
1. Interview a partner. Write your partner's answers below each question.
a. What job would you like to have?

2. Discuss this scene from the video with your classmates.

a. What is happening?
b. Why do you think this firefighter likes his job?
c. What are some of the difficult things about a firefighter's job?

As You Watch

The name of the firehouse Firehouse 11

The number of firefighters on

the crew
The number of fires and
rescues each year
 C After You Watch
1. Check (/) all the correct answers to the question below.

Why do these firefighters like their job?

_______It is exciting and full of action.
_______There is never anything to do.
_______The firefighters like to save lives.
______The part of Los Angeles where they work is peaceful and
safe.
2. Complete the sentence, and then share your sentence with your
classmates.
I (want I do not want) to be a firefighter in Los Angeles,
California, because
Workplace Ladder

Play this game with 3 or 4 people. Choose one of your group to

be the judge. The other people will each need a coin or a button,
and the group will need one die. All players begin with their coins
(or buttons) on START. Follow these directions: coin

1. Put your coin (or button) on START.

2. Roll the die. Move your coin the same number of squares as
the number on the die.
3. When you get to a square, say the word that belongs in the button

blank and spell it correctly. The judge decides if you are right
or wrong. If you are right, you get another turn. If you are
wrong, it is the next player's tarn.
4. The player who reaches FINISH first wins the game. di
e

Sylvia is Jon's Kate is a police_____

employee. Jon is She wears a uniform to FINISH
SylVia zs_____ work.

A bus driver drives a

bus. A_____flies an
airplane.

Tito writes music. He When you go to a If you have a

is restaurant, the _____ toothache, you should
a_____ brings you your food. go to a______

Anna is studying the

history of art. She
wants to work in an art

A manager usually
works in an_____with Jorge grows crops and
START raises animals on a
a desk, a telephone, small_____
and a computer.

Activity Page
Learning Word Forms

1. Use the dictionary definitions to complete the chart below.

employ /em'pbi, Im-/ v. [T] employable for accounting
1 to provide paid work to people: purposes. -n. employability. em-
That company employs 1,000 ploy-ee /cm'pbii, empbi'i/ n. s.o.
workers. 2 to use: The who works for a person, business,
company employs computers or government: She is an
to keep track of expenses. employee of this company.
em>ploy*able I em'pbiabsl/ adj. em-ploy-ment / em'pbimsnt, Im-/
n. [U] 1 a job paying a salary or
1 ready and able to be employed: wages: He is out of work and
She has computer skills and a
looking for employment. 2
positive outlook; she's
frml. use: the employment of
employable. 2 frml. usable,
force will lead to greater
workable: That computer is
violence.

Noun Verb Adjective Adverb

employ

2. Use your dictionary to find the missing

forms of the words in the chart below.

Noun Verb Adjective Adverb

decision
lose
privacy
flexible
special

prepare
Context
Clues
For each sentence, choose the word or phrase that
means the same as the word in bold type. Do not use your
dictionary. The bold words are new in this unit.

1. Keiko has $100. Betty has $75. Betty has less money
than Keiko.
a. more c. not as much
b. the same amount of d. a lot of
2. There are hundreds of square kilometers of forest in the
Amazon River area. There are trees everywhere.
a. lots of trees c. lots of water
b. some trees d. some water
3. The company promoted its new product on TV and radio.
Now the product is very popular.
a. paid for c. wrote about
b. lost d. told people about
4. Children start to attend school when they are five or six years
old.
a. finish b. solve c. go to d. hold on
5. Eskimos hunt the polar bear. When they find one, they kill it.
a. look for c. hurt
b. study d. appear
6. Because of the deep snow, they made slow progress through
the mountains.
a. movement forward c. protection
b. decisions d. crops
7. Perhaps many people will have flexible work hours some day.
I hope so.
a. over b. maybe c. below d. at all
8. The company polluted the river with something poisonous.
Now we can't drink the water or swim in it.
a. made clean c. made private
b. made useful d. made dirty
 9. We must somehow stop using so much energy, or we will
use all of the Earth's petroleum.
a. somebody c. nobody
b. in some place d. in some way
10. When did you arrive at this university? Did you come here
in September?
a. come c. leave
b. alone d. hold on
11. Rio de Janeiro is on the east coast of Brazil.
a. land with water around it c. land near the sea
b. mountain d. lake
12. Java is the name of one island in Indonesia.
a. water with land all around it c. country
b. land with water all around it d. mountains
Context Clues
lesso The Sarni of
n Northern Europe

Before You Read

Look at the picture. Read the sentences. Check (V) True, False, or Don't
Know.

True False Don't Know

1. The animal in the picture is a camel.

□ D D
2. The person in the
car. □ □ □ picture is traveling by

3. There is snow and ice where he lives.

D D
 1 The Sarni of Northern
Europe
The Sami live in northern Norway, Sweden,
Finland, and Russia. There are only about 32,000
of them, and most of them live a modern life on land next to the
the coast or in the forests. Only a few of them live sea area with lots
a traditional life. These few Sami are called of trees
nomads because they move from one place to
another with their reindeer. Their life is almost the
same as it was a thousand years ago.
In winter, the reindeer dig through the snow to
find plants for their food. In spring, these plants
become very dry, and there are lots of insects.
Then the Sami move their reindeer to the coast.
The deer live on the thick grass there until winter.
When the snow becomes deep, the Sami and their
reindeer begin moving slowly back to their winter
not as
homes. There is less snow there. much
These nomads live in tents because they move
so often. They make shoes, jackets, and pants of
reindeer skin. They also wear beautiful blue and
red traditional clothes. They walk or travel on skis.
They have sleds, too. Reindeer pull the sleds.
The long trips, often in bad weather, make life
very hard for these nomads. More and more of
them are staying in villages on the coast.
Sometimes a mother and her children travel by
car and meet the father in their winter home.
There will probably be no more Sami nomads
in the future. People want a more comfortable life.
sle
However, the Sami will probably always wear their d
traditional clothes on holidays. They will teach
their children the old stories and songs. People do
not want to forget their traditions.
HP
Vocabulary

Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
traditional coast trips sleds
holidays forests skis noma
di
g tents future ds
less
1. Only a few of them live a — _ life.
___________________________
2. There will probably be no more Sami nomads in the---------------------------
3. There are only about 32,000 of them, and most of them live a modern life
on the_______ -- or in the____________________
4. These few Sami are called__________________because they move from
one place to another with their reindeer.
5. The long_________________, often in bad weather, make life very hard
for these nomads.
6. They have_________________, too.
7. They walk or travel on------------------------
8. There is_________________snow there.
9. These nomads live in___________________because they move so often.
10. In winter, the reindeer___________________through the snow to find
plants for their food.
11. However, the Sami will probably always wear their traditional clothes
on__________________

Vocabulary: New Context

forests trip traditions less

tent future du
g sleds ski
nomads holidays coast

Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words in the text.
1. Janet and Tom are going to take a _ ___to England next year.
2. Eastern Canada has large _ ____________ ... There are millions of trees.
3. In northern countries, children like to play on their___________________
in winter. They also like to___________________
4. The Baker family likes to go camping. They sleep in a________________
 5. __________________in the Sahara Desert travel with their camels.
6. What are your plans for the______________- ? What are you going
to
do when you are older?
7. Twelve is___________- than fifteen.
8. I like__________________because I don't have to go to work.
9. People who live on the _________________often eat a lot of fish.
10. One of our holiday ,______ _____is to sing special songs in the
morning.
11. They___________________a hole that was two meters deep.

Vocabulary Review

Match each word in Column A with the word or phrase in Column B

that means the same. Write the letter on the line following the word
in Column A.
Column A Column B
1. male_______ a give money
2. female . b to
and
c land near the
3. dull_______ . sea
4. alone_______ d. woman
e
5. pay--------- boring
.
6. plus _____ f change
7. quickly .
g- grow
_______________
8. vary_______ h. not with
anyone
9. increase i. man
_______________
10. coast _____ J fast
__________.. -

d Questions
------------------
The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot
find it in the text.
1. In what countries do the Sami live?
2. Do they all move from one place to another?
3. What are nomads?
4. How do reindeer find their food in winter?
5. Why do Sami nomads move away from the coast in winter?
6. Why do they live in tents?
 7. How do they travel?
8. What makes life hard for these nomads?
*9. Where do other nomads live?
10. Why will the Sami teach their children the old songs and
stories? *11. Why do people want to keep their traditions?
*12. Are there roads in northern Scandinavia?

Comprehension: True/False

Write T if the sentence is true. Write F if the sentence is false. The

asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find
it in the text.
______ 1. There are Sami in Russia.
____2. Only a few Sami are nomads.
______ 3. Sami nomads raise sheep.
______ 4. Most Sami live in large cities.
______ 5. Reindeer find their food on trees.
______ 6. Sami nomads spend the summer on the coast.
______ *7. Sarni nomads probably eat reindeer meat.
______ *8. They carry their tents on sleds.
______9. Traveling in bad weather is difficult for the Sami nomads.
______*10. Nomads in other countries probably want to keep their
traditions and have a comfortable life, too.

f Main Idea
Circle the number of the main idea of the text.
1. A few Sami live a traditional life, but that life is difficult.
2. Sami nomads move their reindeer every summer and winter.
3. The Sami want to keep some of their traditions.
 The Ainu of Japan less
on

Before You Read

Look at the picture. Read the sentences. Check (II) True, False,
or Don't Know.
Tru False Don't
e Know
1. The Ainu live in a very cold D D □
climate.

2. Their clothes are unusual. □ D D

3. Dancing is a part of their
culture.
D D D
2 The Ainu of Ja pan
The Ainu live in northern Japan on the island of land with water
Hokkaido. They do not look like other Japanese all around it
people. They have round, dark brown eyes and
wavy hair. Their skin is not dark but light. The
not
men have beards and mustaches. Where did these dark
people come from? Did they come from Europe
across Russia to Japan? Did they come from
Indonesia? Are they completely different from all 100%
the other people in the world? Nobody knows the
answers to these questions.
The Ainu are hunters and farmers. They eat
fish and grow rice and vegetables on their farms. curly hair
The men hunt for brown bears in the forests. They
eat the meat and sell the skins. The bear is also
important in their religion. straight
The Ainu people make their houses from a kind hair
of grass. There is only one room inside. It has a
dirt floor with an open fire in the middle. Their
wavy
religion tells them that the house must have one hair
window on the east side.
The Ainu were on Hokkaido 7,000 years ago.
In the 1800s, many Japanese people moved north
to Hokkaido. They brought new diseases to Ainu
villages, and many people died. The Ainu people
also lost much of their farming and hunting land.
go
Their children had to attend Japanese schools and to
speak only Japanese. Over time, the Ainu people
began to forget their traditions and language.
In the 1990s, the Ainu demanded their rights.
In response, the Japanese government made a
new law. Now the government has to promote
Ainu culture and traditions. The people can listen
make better
to Ainu language lessons on the radio and read a known
newspaper in the Ainu language. They can also
take classes to learn Ainu traditions.
Today there are less than a few hundred
thousand Ainu people left. Will their language and
traditions continue? There is a better chance now
that they will.
 Vocabulary

Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
island completel middle continue religi
attend y mustaches wavy li
ght on rights
across beards hunters left prom
ote
1. The men have_________________and_____________________
2. They have round, dark brown eyes and _____ hair.
3. Are they_______________different from all the other people in the
world?
4. The Ainu live in northern Japan on the _______________of Hokkaido.
5. In the 1990s, the Ainu demanded their_______________
6. Did they come from Europe________________Russia to Japan?
7. The Ainu are__________________and farmers.
8. The government has to____ ___ _ Ainu culture and traditions.
9. The bear is also important in their__.______________
10. Their skin is not dark but__________________
11. Will their language and traditions_________- . ?
12. It has a dirt floor with an open fire in the ______________
13. Their children had to______________ Japanese schools.
14. Today there are less than a few hundred thousand Ainu people__

Vocabulary: New Context

Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words
in the text.
continu attend mustache g
ri ht
g
li ht

e
wavy middle completely beard prom
island across hunting religions oteleft
1. We ate all the bananas. There aren't any_____________
2. The students _____finished the book. They did every
page.
3. There are ten questions in this exercise. Number 5 is in the______
4. Carlos has______________dark brown hair. He has a_______________
and a_______________, too.
5. Where did you__________________high school?
 6. __________________is a popular sport in some countries.
7. Sarah walked____ ____ _ the street to the bank.
8. We did not have time to finish the lesson. We will__________________it
tomorrow.
9. We went to a beautiful__________________for our holiday.
10. Do not go out in the sun. Your skin is too_________________
11. We have the__________________of free speech in the United States.
12. Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity are kinds of___________________
13. They put up a big sign to_____ ___ _____the opening of the company.

Vocabulary Review

Put the right word in each blank. enough roast

Internet future increase schedule
mixture collection leave meals
background feelings
1. No one knows what will happen in
the
2. What's on your___________________today? Do you have any meetings?
3. She got some interesting information about the Sami from the

4. He's happy because he got an___________________in his salary.

5. The manager worked sixteen hours yesterday. He does not have energy to
move fast today.
6. Fertilizer can be a_________________of plant and animal substances.
7. I like to have some music in the____________________ while I am eating.
8. Many Americans have__________________beef for Sunday dinner.
9. He took a month's . _____ because his father was sick.
10. Some people think it's better to eat six small___________._______than
three big ones.
11. The museum here has an interesting__________________ of old
musical instruments.
12. She hurt my_______________when she didn't call me on the telephone.
d Questions
The asterisk (* †) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot
find it in the text.
1. Where do the Ainu live?
2. What do they look like?
3. Where did they come from?
4. Describe a traditional Ainu house.
5. What happened to the Ainu in the 1800s?
6. Why did Ainu children stop learning their language?
7. How many Ainu are there today?
*8. What will happen to Ainu traditions if the young people don't
learn them?

£ Comprehension: Multiple Choice

19
1
*Put a circle around the letter of the best answer. The asterisk (*)
means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the
text.
1. Ainu have______eyes.
a. green c. blue
b. black d. brown
2. Ainu are different from other Japanese people because they have
a. hair c. large hands
b. eyes d. round eyes
†3. Ainu and other Japanese people are alike because they all
a. have grass houses c. hunt bears
b. have wavy hair d. eat fish and rice
4. After many Japanese people moved to Hokkaido in the 1800s, the
Ainu

a. taught them their language c. stopped going to school

b. lost much of their land d. starteda newspaper
5. The traditional Ainu house has a window on the east side
a. to let in sunlight c. to lookat the mountains
b. because of their religion d. to lookfor bears
c. Japanese
6. Young Ainu had to attend _ schools
a. Ainu schools d. soccer games
b. Japanese dances
[fl Main Idea
Put the letter of each supporting detail under the correct
main idea.
1. How an Ainu 2. Ainu houses 3. Ainu
looks people

a. The men have mustaches.

b. Many speak only Japanese.
c. They have light skin.
d. There is an open fire in the middle.
e. They were in Hokkaido 7,000 years ago.
f. They have round eyes.
g. There is a dirt floor.
h. They attended Japanese schools.
i. They have wavy hair.
j. It is made of a kind of grass.
k. It has a window on the east side.
l. The men have beards.
 The Yanomami of lesson
the Amazon
3

Before You Read

Look at the picture. Read the sentences. Check (v') True, False, or
Don't Know.
Tru False Don't
e Know

1. The Yanomami live in a tropical D D D

forest.

2. The Yanomami are farmers. D D D

3. Most Yanomami men have beards. D D D
3 The Yanomami of
the Amazon
The Yanomami people live near the Amazon River in Venezuela and
Brazil. They live in the tropical forest far away from other people. There are
now perhaps 27,000 Yanomami in this area. Before
outsiders first visited them, they knew nothing about other maybe
people in South America, about the government, or about
modern life. They did not know that they lived in Brazil or
Venezuela. They lived in their own world.
The Yanomami are hunters and farmers. They hunt
over a large area. They grow their own crops and medicine
in large gardens. The Yanomami are also deeply religious.
For them, the natural world and the spiritual world are
one.
In the 1980s, miners found gold on Yanomami land.
Soon thousands of miners, loggers, and cattle farmers
people who cut down
were using the land. The noise from the outsiders' trees as their job
machines and airplanes frightened the Yanomami. The loud sounds
mining companies polluted the water in the rivers. The made afraid
loggers cut down the forests. The outsiders also brought made dirty
new diseases to the area. In just seven years, 20% of the
Yanomami people died.
In 1992, Brazil and Venezuela made the Yanomami land into a park. No
one can mine for gold or cut trees on this land. The government said that the
land was for the Yanomami people, not for the miners and loggers.
Unfortunately, it was difficult to keep the miners and loggers out of the
Yanomami land. In 1993, some gold miners tried to destroy a Yanomami
village, and they killed 16 people.
Today the Yanomami are working to protect their land and traditions.
They have their own school. They are recording their language and history.
They also want to study and learn good ways to use their land. They do not
want to live without trees and clean water. They say they want progress, but
without destruction.
 a Vocabulary
Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
perhaps miners died area
spiritual noise outsiders frightene
progress polluted lo
ggers d destroy
1. Soon thousands of miners,__________________, and cattle farmers were
using the land.
2. For them, the natural world and the___________________world are one.
3. In 1993, some gold miners tried to_______________ . a Yanomami
village, and they killed 16 people.
4. Before_________________first visited them, they knew nothing about
other people in South America.
5. The mining companies__________________the water in their rivers.
6. They say they want _________________, but without destruction.
7. The__________________from the outsiders' machines and airplanes
__________________the Yanomami.
8. In just seven years, 20% of the Yanomami people-------------------------
9. There are now_______________ 27,000 Yanomami in this______________
10. In the 1980s,_________________found gold on Yanomami land.

■ Vocabulary: New Context

U
Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words in
the text.
perhaps mining die area
spirits noisy outsider frighten
progress pollution lo in
gg g destroy
ed
1. ________________companies dig for metals in the ground.
2. Do large animals________________you?
3. Can you study in a ______room?
4. Too many people ___each year from smoking cigarettes.
5. They .________ _______ the papers by burning them.
6. Air___ ____is becoming a serious problem.
7. ______ companies cut down trees and sell the wood.
8. The Pacific Ocean covers a very large__________________
9. For some people, there are________.__________in trees and rivers.
10. We made a lot of ___________ in class today. We completed 20
pages in the book!
11. _________________she is sick. I don't know.
12. For the first few months in a new city, she felt like an_________________
Then she began to make some friends. C Vocabulary Review

Match each word in Column A with the word or phrase from Column B that means the
opposite. Write the letter on the line following the word in Column A.
Column A
1. terrible______
Column B
2. a few_______
a. dry
3. alive_______
b. dead
4. began______
c. a lot
5. over______
d. less
6. wet______
e. stopped
7. varied______
f. together
8. more_______
g. wonderful
9. future______
h. under
10. alone______ d i. the same
Questions j. past
 6. What is killing the Yanomami?
7. What did Brazil and Venezuela do for the Yanomami?
8. What are the Yanomami doing to help themselves?
*9. What do you think will happen to the Yanomami? Why?

e Comprehension: True/False/No Information

Write T (the sentence is true. Write F if the sentence is false. Write NI if there is
no information about the sentence in the text.

_______1. The Yanomami live in a tropical forest.

_______2. The Venezuelan and Brazilian governments want to help
the Yanomami.
_______3. Today the Yanomami know that they live in what we call
South America.
_______4. The Yanomami are nomads.
_______ 5. The natural world is important to the Yanomami.
_______ 6. They eat plants and animals.
_______ 7. The Yanomami tried to help the miners and loggers.
_______8. Outsiders destroyed much of the Yanomami land.
_______ 9. The Yanomami are afraid of new things
_______10. Mining companies are opening schools for the Yanomami.

Main Idea
Circle the number of the main idea of the text.
1. The Yanomami are working to protect their land.
2. The Yanomami live in the tropical forest near the Amazon River,
but they know nothing about other South Americans.
3. The Yanomami are very religious.
 lesson The Hopi of Arizona

Before You Read

Look at the picture. Read the sentences. Check (II) True, False,
or Don't Know.
True False Don't Know

1. The Hopi live in the desert. D D D

2. Traditions are important to the Hopi. D D D
3. The Hopi live in modem houses. D D D
4 The Hopi of Arizona

The Hopi people live in the northeastern part of Arizona in the United States.
The United States is a very modern country. Tall buildings, highways, computers,
and hundreds of other modem things are a part of every American's life.
Somehow, with modern things all around them, the Hopi in some way
keep their traditions.
There are about 10,000 Hopi, and they live in twelve
villages in the desert. The weather is very hot in summer,
but in winter it freezes. The wind blows hard. Farming is goes below o°c
difficult.
Corn is the Hopi's main food, but they plant
vegetables, too. They raise sheep, goats, and cattle. They
also eat hamburgers and ice cream and drink soft drinks.
They live in traditional stone houses, but many of them
have telephones, radios, and television. They have horses,
but they also have trucks.
"Kachinas" are an important part of the Hopi religion.
Kachinas are spirits of dead people, of rocks, plants, and not alive; stones
animals, and of the stars. Men dress as kachinas and do
religious dances. People also make wooden kachinas. No
two wooden kachinas are alike. the same
The children attend school and learn English and other
subjects. They also learn the Hopi language, dances, and
stories. A few Hopi go to universities. Some of the adults
live and work in nearby towns. The Hopi want a not children; close to
comfortable, modern life, but they don't want to lose their
traditions.

truck

kachina
a| Vocabulary
Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
somehow trucks rocks alike
blows goats dead adults
freezes nearby lose highw
ays
1. The wind ___hard.
_____________
2. They have horses, but they also have_______________
3. No two wooden kachinas are________________
4. ______ ______ _, with modem things all around them, the Hopi
keep
their traditions.
5. Kachinas are spirits of __ ____ people, of___________________,
plants, and animals, and of the stars.
6. Tall buildings,__________________, computers, and hundreds of
other
modern things are a part of every American's life.
7. They raise sheep, _______ — , and cattle.
8. The weather is very hot in summer, but in winter it_____________
9. Some of the________________ live and work in ________ towns.
10. The Hopi want a comfortable, modern life, but they don't want to
their traditions.

b Vocabulary: New Context

Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words
in the text. truck dead adults goats
somehow comfortable freezes alike
nearby blowing rock highway
1. Young people can ___ __________understand the words in rap
videos.
2. Do you and your brother look_______________or very different?
3. Don't be nervous. It is only the wind _______________
4. Today most cowboys have a_________________and a horse.
5. Some people like to eat meat from_______________
6. President John F. Kennedy died in 1963. He is_____________,
 7. Water_________________at 0°C and changes into ice.
8. They are building a new ____________into the city because the old
road is too busy.
9. He threw a__________________through the window and broke it.
10. Children can go on the boat for free, but__________________need to buy
a ticket.
11. Is there a gas station________________? My car is almost out of gasoline.

C Vocabulary Review
Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
ri ht
deep skiing g nomads
tent sled wavy uncomfortab
attend beard complete continues
trip beat piano coast
1. They drove to the__________________to go swimming in the ocean.
2. No one has the____ ____to hurt another person.
3. Riding for hours on a motorcycle is__________________
4. David's parents took a____________ _____to South America last year.
5. The Mississippi River is very______________in some places.
6. ________________in Central Asia take their sheep into the mountains
in summer.
7. Are you planning to _ ______ the dance next Saturday?
8. The story on some television programs________ ______ from one
week to the next.
9. Ruth and Ann are going camping in the mountains. They have a to sleep in.
10. Oscar didn't have time to_________________his composition before the
bell rang.
11. Howard has_______________blond hair and a short________________
12. Did you ever go ________ ________in Switzerland in the winter?
 Questions

The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot
find it in the text.
1. Where do the Hopi live?
2. What things are a part of every American's life?
3. What is the weather like in the Hopi villages?
4. What is the Hopi's main food?
5. What kind of meat do they eat?
6. Do they eat food that other Americans eat?
7. What is modem about some of their homes? What is traditional?
8. Where do the children learn English?
9. What are kachinas?
10. Why do the Hopi teach their children the Hopi language, dances,
and stories?
*11. Are Hopi children more like Sami or Ainu children? Why?

Comprehension: Multiple Choice

Put a circle around the letter of the best answer. The asterisk (*)
means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text.
1. The Hopi live in the state of____
a. Utah c. Arizona
b. New Mexico d. NewYork
2. The Hopi______.
a. want modern things instead of traditional ones
b. want traditional things instead of modem ones
c. don't want to remember their traditions
d. want both modern and traditional things
3. Winters in this part of Arizona are___
a. hot b. warm c. cool d. cold
4. The main Hopi food is______
a. corn c. beef
b. hamburgers d. vegetables
*5. A truck is useful for people____
a. in a city apartment c. in New York City
b. on a farm d. near an airport
 *6. The Hopi probably eat______ sometimes.
a. insects c. potato chips and pizza
b. polar bears d. reindeer meat
7. Kachinas are_______
a. men c. animals
b. something to eat d. spirits
8. The Hopi don't want to______ . their traditions.
a. lose b. burn c. remember d. learn

Main Idea

Circle the number of the main idea of the text.

1. The Hopi raise crops and animals in the Arizona desert.
2. Kachinas are spirits of the things around the Hopi.
3. The Hopi keep their traditions even with modem life all around them.

Lesson 4: The Hopi of Arizona

lesson The Maori of

5
New Zealand

Before You Read

Look at the picture and the map. Read the sentences.

Check (II) True, False, or Don't Know.
Tru
False Don't
e
Know
1. New Zealand is an island in
the D □
Pacific Ocean.

2. New Zealand is a large D D D

country.
3. Traditions are important to D D D
the Maori.
5 The Maori of
New Zealand
Polynesians live on islands in the Pacific Ocean. The Maori are Polynesians,
and they live at the southern end of Polynesia in New Zealand.
The Maori arrived in New Zealand from other came Polynesian islands over
a thousand years ago. They more than were the first people to live in New Zealand.
In the late 18th century, Europeans came to live in New Zealand. At that
time, there were perhaps 250,000 Maori in New Zealand. Over the next 100
years, wars and disease killed many Maori. By the end of the 19th century, there
were only about 40,000 Maori left. During the 19th century, the Maori also lost
much of their land to the Europeans. Many Maori were afraid that they might
lose their traditions and language, too. But this did not happen.
Today the Maori population is increasing. There are number of people
about 500,000 Maori in New Zealand. Most live like living in an area

other New Zealanders. But they are keeping the Maori language and traditions
alive. There are now Maori radio and television stations. Many schools teach in
the Maori language. Nearly one half of Maori language speakers are 25 years old
or younger.
Maori culture is also alive and well. At the center of
Maori culture is the "marae." This is a special place for ceremonies and
meetings. Today the number of marae in New Zealand is increasing. Many of the
new marae are in the cities. Now people in the cities can meet and learn about
their Maori traditions.
Today most New Zealand cities have yearly Maori every year
festivals. Among the festival activities are competitions g g - in speaking,
irLan ua e com

dancing, and singing. Children practice for months. Then all the Maori in the
area arrive to watch
the competitions and see who wins.
Today the Maori live a comfortable, modern life. However, they are not
losing their traditions, because they are passing them on to their children.
Q
Vocabulary
Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
arrived competitions practice wms
ceremonies festivals population yearly
culture over wars among
1. This is a special place for________________and meetings.
2. Over the next 100 years,______________and disease killed many
Maori.
3. Maori__________________is also alive and well.
4. Today the Maori________________is increasing.
5. Today most New Zealand cities have_______________Maori

6. Then all the Maori in the area arrive to watch the competitions
and see
who____________________
7. Children __ ____. for months.
8. The Maori_________________in New Zealand from other Polynesian
islands_________ a thousand years ago.
9. ______________the festival activities are_________________in
speaking, dancing, and singing.

I Vocabulary: New Context

n
Put the right word in each blank.
in the text.
These are new sentences for words

arrive competition practice won

ceremony festival population yearly
cultures over war
1. There is a sports________________this week. Students from six
universities are coming.
2. What time does your plane________________in Chicago?
3. The Olympics is not a___ event. It takes place every
four years.
4. The Ainu arrived in Japan_________________7,000 years ago.
5. In most_________________, there is a special_________________when
people get married.
6. What is the__________________of New Zealand today?
7. Who_____________the football game last week?
8. Many people die when there is a________________
9. If you want to become good at something, you need to__________
10. In my town, there is a big________________every spring.

MS ,, , , .
[cl Vocabulary Review
Match each word in Column A with the word or phrase in Column B that means the same.
Write the letter on the line following the word in Column A.
Column A Column B
1. attend_____ a. more than
2. thick_______ b. not dead
3. over_______ c. not interesting
4. yearly_____ d. is the same as
5. alive-------- e. speak
6. many______ f. not thin
7. dull________ g. frightened
8. equals_____ h. a lot of
9. communicate_____i. go to
10. afraid_____ j. every year

[dl Questions
 e Comprehension: True/False
Write T if the sentence is true. Write F if the sentence is false.
— 1. The Maori are Polynesians.
_______ 2. New Zealand is an island country.
_______ 3. The Maori gave their land to the Europeans.
_______ 4. Europeans arrived in New Zealand before the Maori.
_______ 5. Many Maori died from disease in the 19th century.
______ 6. In New Zealand, you can listen to the Maori
language on the radio.
_______ 7. A marae is an important meeting place for the Maori.
______ 8. Every year Maori children compete in speaking,
dancing, and singing.
--------- 9. The Maori are losing their traditions and language.

f, Main Idea

Circle the number of the main idea of the text.

1. The Maori have yearly competitions in singing, dancing, and
speaking.
2. It's important to keep your traditions alive.
3. The Maori are keeping their traditions and language alive.
 77 Word Study ' ..

-self Pronouns (Reflexive Pronouns)

A mirror reflects. A reflexive pronoun reflects the subject of the

sentence.
Examples: You see yourself in the mirror.
I don't need any help. I can do it myself.
Subject Pronoun Reflexive Pronoun
I myself
you yourself
he himself
she herself
it itself
we ourselves
you yourselves
they themselves
Put the right -self pronoun in each blank.
1. We usually speak English among_____________at the
Student Union.
2. No one can practice English for you. You have to do it

3. You should practice among_______________

4. The officials talked among________________
5. A machine can't move by_________________
6. The woman sang the song by________________
7. No one told me about it. I saw it_______________
8. Carlos taught__________________how to speak English.
 Superlatives

When we compare two things or people, we use the comparative

forms -er than, more than, better than, worse than, and
farther than.
When we compare three or more things or people, we use the +
adjective + -est for adjectives of one syllable.
Example: Tom is the oldest student in the class.
We use the most + adjective for adjectives of three or more syllables.
Example: Ann is the most intelligent student in the class.
Irregular forms: good - better than the best
bad - worse than - the worst far - farther than
the farthest
Examples: Ann is the best student in the class.
Sarah is the worst student in the class. Mary ran the
farthest.

Spelling: Use the 1-1-1 rule.

bi -bi
g ggest
Put the superlative form of the adjective in the blank. Use
the.
(beautiful) l. Switzerland is_________________country in Europe.
(expensive) 2. A Rolls Royce is one of:_________________cars
in the world.
(good) 3. This morning Kumiko wrote__________________
composition that she ever wrote.
(tall) 4. Who is____ ___ ___ student in the class?
(important ____________
5. Rice is _ __ _ __food for millions of
)(far) 6. Who drives _ people.
____________ to come to
7. The _______ class?
(bad) ._____jobs sometimes have
__________
the best benefits.
(dark) 8. Black is _________color.
__________________
9. Who is
(flexible) ______person in your family?
__________________
[c' Word Forms
Adjecti
Verb Noun ve
1. freeze freeze frozen
2. (none) tropics tropical
3. sweeten sweeten sweet
4. mix ermixture mixed
5. weigh weight weighty
6. use use useful
7. (none) tradition traditio
8. (none) wood nal
wooden
9. (none) religion religiou
10. (none) noise s noisy
Put the right word form in each blank. Choose a word form
from Line 1 for Sentence Ĩ. Choose a word form from Line 2
for Sentence 2, and so on.
1. The animals can't drink the water because it is_______
2. Northern Brazil is a _______________area.
3. You can__________________your tea with some sugar.
4. An ice cream soda is a_____ of ice cream and a cola.
5. How much does a compact disc _______ __?
6. A computer is a very_________________thing.
7. Music is an important Maori________________
8. Hopi do not live in__________________houses.
9. What is your__________________?
10. Some children are very_________________
 d' ~~ - 1 -
Irregular Verbs

1. Memorize these verb forms. Then use the past tense of

each verb in a sentence.
Simple Past Simple Past
a Verb
choose Tense
chose Verb
e. become Tense
became
.b begin began f. tell told
.c blow blew g. dig du
g
.d know knew h. win won
.
2. Write the past tense of each verb.
a. become __________ -
b. buy___________________
C. bring_______ _____
d. cut____ _____ _
e. come__________________
f. find______________
g. fight — —
h. g ... _
o
--------------
i. g -------------------------
et

j. see ______
k. teach_____________ _
l. win_______ _____

e Writing

Use real information to write your answers.

1. Imagine that you can go to live with one of the groups of
people in Unit 6 for one year. Who do you want to live with?
Why?
2. Which group of people in Unit 6 has the most difficult
life? Why do you think so?
3. In what ways is modern life good for traditional people?
In what ways is it bad?
 video
Highlights
a Before You Watch
1. You have read about the Hopi people of Arizona. Write down two facts that you
already know about the Hopi.
a. __________________ ________________________________
b. ________________________________________________
2. These words will help you understand the video. Read the words and their definitions.
Congress - a government group that makes new laws in the United States
dispute - a disagreement or argument
Navajo - a group of Native Americans who live in parts of Utah, Arizona, and New
Mexico
reservation - land that is set aside by the government for Native Americans to live on
Choose one of the words above for each of these sentences:
a. Many Native Americans in the United States and Canada
live on a__________________
b. When two groups of people do not agree about something,
they are having a__________
c. The members of__________ often disagree about
what is best for the country.
d. The Hopi and the_________________ both live in the
southwestern part of the United States.

■>
Video Highlights
 b As You Watch

Two groups of people, the Hopi and the landowners, want the same
land. As you watch the video, complete each of the following
sentences.
1. The _ want the land so that they can use it
for hiking, bicycling, and camping.
2. The_________________want the land because it was theirs
historically. It is also very sacred to them.

|C After You Watch

1. Read the following passages. Fill in the blanks with information

from the video.

a. The landowners in the video are Americans. They live in

-------------------------They own----------------------------and
businesses there. Some of them, like Bob Alexander, live on
------------------------- land. This sacred land belonged to the
Hopi long ago. The landowners do want the ---------------to
control the land again. They are afraid that they will lose
everything.
b. The Hopi are a group of Native Americans. They live in
Arizona, in communities called "pueblos." The Hopi are
peaceful. They are____________________and sheepherders.
They also have exciting ceremonies. One famous ritual is
called the__________________Dance. The dancers perform
with live snakes in their___________________
2. Discuss: Who do you think the land should belong to? Why?
Ainu
Use the diagram below.
Write the letters of facts that are only true for the Ainu
people of Japan in the left circle.
Write the letters of facts that are only true for the Maori
people of New Zealand in the right circle.
Write the letters of facts that are true for both groups of
people in the middle.
b Who Am I?
■■. Ki——-—
You and a partner choose roles. Partner A is the interviewer.
Partner B chooses a culture from Lessons 1-5. Partner B pretends
to be a person from that culture. Partner A asks Partner B questions
about his or her culture. Continue until Partner A knows which
culture Partner B has chosen.
Example:
A: Where are you from?
B: I am from Norway.
A: Where do you live?
B: In the mountains.
A: What kind of house do you live in?
B: I live in a tent made of reindeer skin. Do you know who I am?
A: Yes, you are a Sami from Norway.
216
Choosing the Dictionary Page
Correct
Definition

Words often have more than one meaning. Read all of the different
meanings of the noun light.

light /la1t/ noun is dark, we turn on the lights.

1 (no plural) energy from the sun, 4 something that can start a fire,
electric lights, fire, etc., that allows such as a match: She took out a cigarette
us to see and asked her friend for a light.
2 (no plural) sunshine, daylight: He 5 a traffic signal: Turn right at the next
walked out of the house and into the light. light.
3 something that produces light, 6 a way of understanding: He now
such as light bulbs or lamps: When it looks back on his life and sees it in a new light.

Now read each of the following sentences. How is the word used in
each sentence? Which definition is correct for each sentence? Write
the number of the definition next to each sentence.
Example: _3___Please turn out the lights before you leave.
1 Excuse me, do you have a light?
.
2 I hope we'll get there while it's still light outside.
. The light was shining down through the trees.
3
. The speeding car did not stop for the red light.
4
. After Dennis listened to the Hopi side of the story, he
5 understood the dispute in a completely different light.
.
Exploration and
Adventure
Context Clues
For each sentence, choose the word or phrase that
means the same as the word in bold type. Do not use
your dictionary. The bold words are new in this unit.
1. Captain James Cook was a famous English explorer.
He was the first European to visit most of the Pacific
islands.
a. a place that has water all around it
b. a businessman who travels to different countries
c. a person who goes to new places and brings back
information about them
d. a ship that travels to new places
2. Captain Cook's ship had many sailors on it, because
there is a lot of work on a ship.
a. men who do the work on a ship
b. men who live in colonies
c. people in competitions
d. people who travel on ships during their vacation
3. A camel keeps a supply of food in its hump.
a. bottle c. store
b. uniform d. basket
4. Ruth had to study the history of Europe in school. She
learned about wars, kings, governments, religion, and
everything that happened there.
a. the mountains, rivers, and lakes
b. the countries, cities, and towns
c. scientists and the things they invent
d. everything that happened in the past
5. Abdullah always gets good grades on his tests, so I
suppose he will get a good grade on this one.
a. think c. want
b. dinner d. have to
6. Helen's family and friends had a party and gave her
gifts on her 21st birthday.
a. $100 c. food
b. presents d. cattle
 7. Helen was very pleased when she saw the gifts.
a. unhappy c. afraid
b. deep d. happy
8. A hippopotamus is heavy. An insect is not heavy.
a. deep c. weighs a lot
b. very tall d. has six legs
9. Masako was playing basketball, and she injured her arm. She
went to the doctor and cannot play again for six months.
a. hurt c. arrived
b. told d. won
10. His destination is New York. He will probably arrive there in a
week.
a. place someone is going to c. place where people live
b. place someone is leaving d. a large city
11. Dan is three years old. He is able to walk and talk, but he can't
read or write.
a. can c. wants to
b. has to d. plans to
12. This television program is one hour long. It starts at 8:00 and is
over at 9:00.
a. wonderful c. fiished
b. double d. middle

Context Clues
 Before You
Read
Look at the picture. Read the
sentences. Check (ti) True, False,
or Don't Know.
True False Don't Know

1. The Polynesians liked to D D D

travel.
2. They traveled in special
boats.
D D D
3. They lived in a warm D D D
area.

222
 1 The Polynesians
The Polynesians were probably the best explorers in the history of the world.
They traveled thousands of kilometers across the Pacific Ocean in large boats
called "double canoes." They could look at the stars and know which way to go.
They also understood the winds and the ocean currents. They made maps of the
stars and the ocean currents. They made these maps out of sticks and shells.
About 4,000 years ago, a group of people lived in strips of moving water
southern China. They were a mixture of white, black, and
Mongol people. When the Chinese moved farther and
farther into the south, these people needed to find safer
homes.
Slowly these people left China in their double canoes
and started toward the southeast. They took animals and
plants with them. A group of people might arrive at an less dangerous
island and stay there until they had children,
grandchildren, and great-grandchildren. Then a few to
families might start traveling again. Some canoes went
one way and some another. It took hundreds of years for
them to reach all of the islands in Polynesia.
The double canoe is one of the greatest inventions in
history. The Polynesians were among the greatest sailors
in history. They understood how to sail by the stars and
use the winds and ocean currents. This made them great best, most wonderful
explorers.
a Vocabulary
Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
explorers safer history maps
greatest toward sailors ocean
shells inventions reach curren
1. The Polynesian double canoe is one of the__________________
___________:______in history.
2. When the Chinese moved farther and farther into the south, these people
needed to find _ _ _ _ _________ _ _. homes.
3. The Polynesians were probably the best--------------------------in the
_________________of the world.
4. Slowly these people left China in their double canoes and started
------------------------the southeast.
5. The Polynesians were among the greatest__________________in history.
6. They also understood the winds and the ocean____________________
7. They made _ ___of the stars and the ocean currents.
8. They made these maps out of sticks and__________________
9. It took hundreds of years for them to . all of the islands
in Polynesia.

b Vocabulary: New Context

Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words in the text.
explorer safe history map
great toward sailor current
shell invented reached group
1. Madame Curie was a__________________scientist.
2. Children study the_____________________ of their country.
3. Horses are sometimes afraid of people. You should move_______________
them slowly.
4. A warm ocean__________________off the coast of Norway makes
Norway warmer than Sweden.
5. A------------------ . works on a ship.
6. Can you find Polynesia on the_______________?
7. It isn't______________for a little child to play alone in a swimming
pool.
8. A --------------------- - -is a small sea animal's house.
9. Do you know who___________________the Internet?
10. Marco Polo was a great _________He crossed Asia and lived
in China for several years in the 13th century.
11. They__________________the North Pole after traveling for many
weeks.

C Vocabulary Review
Put the right word in each blank.
relaxing country describe calmer
century breathe enough
enJoy
allow frighten alike
around
1. Some people work in town but do not enjoy city life. They like to
live out
in the___________________
2. The students are________________under a tree.
3. You don't have_______________ time to have lunch before your next
class.
4. We are now in the 21st_________________
5. His parents won't__________________him to sail alone.
6. It's difficult to__________________after ruirning for 30 minutes.
7. How would you ____ a double canoe?
8. Do insects__________________you?
9. I don't__ - _______sailing, but I don't hate it either.
10. How long does it take to sail________________the island of Japan?
 d Questions
The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text.
1. What did the Polynesians travel in?

2. How did they know which way to go?

3. What did they make their maps out of?

4. Where did Polynesians come from in the beginning?

5. Why did they leave China?

6. What did they take with them?

7. How long did it take for them to reach all of Polynesia?

8. What made the Polynesians great explorers?

*9. Are ocean currents important for ships today? Why? *10. Are the stars important for ships today? Why?

e Comprehension: True/False
Write T if the sentence is true. Write F if the sentence is false. Write NI if there is
no information about the sentence in the text.
____________ 1. Hawaiians are Polynesians.

____________ 2. Maori are Polynesians.

____________ 3. Polynesians came from southern China.

____________ 4. Polynesians are a mixture of different groups of people.

____________ 5. They traveled from one group of islands to another very quickly.

____________ 6. They took dogs with them from China.

____________ 7. Some people died on the way to new islands.

____________ 8. The double canoe is a great invention.

____________ 9. The Polynesians were great sailors and explorers.

____________10. They made maps on paper.

f Main Idea
'

Circle the number of the main idea of the text.

1. The Polynesians left China and became some of the greatest explorers in history.

2. The Polynesians went from China to hundreds of Pacific Islands.

3. The Polynesians invented the double canoe.

 A Giraffe in Central Asia lesso
n

Before You
Read
Look at the picture. Read the
sentences.
Check (ti) True, False, or Don't
Know. Tru Don't
False
e Know

1. A giraffe has a short neck. D □ D

2. Giraffes can move quickly. D □ D
3. Giraffes live in cold areas. D D □
 A Giraffe in Central Asia
Tamerlane (1336?-1405) was a very strong Mongol leader. He and his
soldiers fought until Tamerlane became the ruler of all Central Asia. Rulers of
other countries wanted to make friends with Tamerlane. It was safer to be
friends than enemies.
Ambassadors from many countries took gifts to Tamerlane. They took
beautiful cloth, jewelry, gold, and silver. They often tried to take something
unusual as a gift, too.
In 1404, near the end of Tamerlane's life, an Egyptian presen
ambassador arrived in Samarkand. This was where Tamerlane ts
lived. The ambassador and his men traveled on horses and camels.
They brought a giraffe from Africa as a gift.
Egyptian camels and horses were used to walking in the
desert. They did it all the time. A giraffe is not used to the desert. jewelr
y
But this giraffe walked 5,000 kilometers from Cairo to Samarkand.
We know about the Egyptian ambassador's gift because
several people wrote about it. No one wrote that Tamerlane liked it.
However, we suppose that he was very pleased to have this strange
African animal in Central Asia.

think,
guess
happy

22 8
 a Vocabulary
Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
make friends used to leadersupp
ambassadors ruler ose silver
pleased
jewelry gifts gold giraff
e
1. ----------------from many countries took______________to
Tamerlane.
2. Egyptian camels and horses were____ walking in the
desert.
3. Tamerlane (1336?-1405) was a very strong Mongol_____________
4. They took beautiful cloth,____________,________________, and

5. However, we________________ that he was very____________to have

this strange African animal in Central Asia.
6. He and his soldiers fought until Tamerlane became the_________of
all of Central Asia.
7. They brought a,- -.- - _ . from Africa as a gift.

[b Vocabulary: New Context

Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words in the text.
giraffe leader jewelry soldiers
suppose gold ruler pleased
used to silver gifts ambassa
dor
1. Who is your country's________________to the United States?
2. A--------------------------has a very long neck.
3. __________________jewelry is expensive.__.________________jewelry is
less expensive than gold.
4. Some women like to wear a lot of_______________
5. Masako has never been absent from class, but she is not here
today. I
__________________she is sick.
6. A king is the_________________of a country. He is also the
------------------------of his people.
7. When Japanese students study in the United States, they can't get
the food because it is very strange to them.
8. Ali got an excellent grade on his quiz. He was___________________
9. Americans usually get__________________on their birthdays.

C Vocabulary Review
Match each word in Column A with the word in Column B that means the
opposite. Write the Letter on the line following the word in Column A.
Column A
1. arrive___ _
2. safe ______
3. inside ______ Column B
4. fans______ a. performers
5. start ______ b. fewer
6. dead_______ C. find

7. lose -_____ d. leave

8. higher_____ e. outside
9. more_______ f. dangerous
g. lower
10. somebody ___ d h. stop
Questions i. alive
The asterisk (*) means j. nobody
you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text. *1. What does the
question mark in "(13367-1405)" mean?
2. Who was Tamerlane?
3. Why did rulers of other countries want to make friends with him?
*4. Why did ambassadors take gifts to Tamerlane?
5. What kind of gifts did they take?
*6. Why did they often try to take something unusual?
7. Who took a giraffe to Tamerlane?
8. How did the giraffe get to Samarkand?
*9. Do you think Tamerlane liked the giraffe? Why do you think so?
 Comprehension: Multiple Choice

Put a circle around the letter of the best answer.

1. Tamerlane was____leader.
a. an Egyptian c. a Mongol
b. a Chinese d. anArab
2. Tamerlane became the ruler of Central Asia because of
a. ambassadors c. enemies
b. wars d. gifts
3. Rulers of other countries wanted to____friends with Tamerlane.
a. make c. buy
b. give d. find
4. A giraffe was_______gift.
a. an unusual c. a double
b. a safe d. a dead
5. Giraffes are not____walking in the desert.
a. afraid of c. used to
b. interested in d. tired of
6. Tamerlane was probably____to have this unusual animal.
a. strong c. safer
b. dangerous d. pleased
m Main Idea
.
Circle the number of the main idea of the text.
1. An Egyptian ambassador took a giraffe to Tamerlane.
2. Tamerlane was a strong Mongol ruler of Central Asia.
3. Ambassadors took beautiful and unusual gifts to Tamerlane.
 The First Woman on
Mount Everest

Before You Read

Look at the picture. Read the sentences. Check (✓) True,

False, or Don't Know.
False Don't
True
Know
1. This person is in a very cold
□ □
place. D
2. She is doing something D □ □
dangerous.

3. She is on a mountain. D DD
 3 The First Woman on
Mount Everest

Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world. It

is in the Himalayas between Nepal and China, and it is
8,900 meters high. Sir Edmund Hillary from New Zealand
and Tenzing Norgay from Nepal were the first people ever
to climb Mount Everest. They climbed it in 1953. Men
from several different countries climbed it after that.
Junko Tabei, a Japanese from Hokkaido, was the first
woman to make this difficult climb. A Tokyo newspaper-
television company organized the Mount Everest climb in
1975. They chose fifteen women from mountaineering planned
clubs to go to Nepal. The group climbed for several days.
Then there was an avalanche. The heavy ice and snow
injured ten of the women. They had to stop climbing. The
other five continued. hurt
Only Ms. Tabei was able to climb the last 70 meters.
She was standing on top of the world. She was the first could
woman there.
Ms. Tabei was 35 years old at the time. She started
climbing mountains in 1960. She still climbs mountains.
She is not an ordinary Japanese housewife. Her husband in the past and now
works for Honda Motor Company. He likes to climb
mountains, too. But he can't get enough vacation from his work to
go with his wife all the time. So he stays home to work and take care
of the house.
In 1992, Ms. Tabei became the first woman to climb the highest
mountain on each of the seven continents. Now her goal is to climb
the highest mountain in every country of the world. To do this, she
travels to foreign countries several times a year. Ms. Tabei also
helps an organization that is working to protect mountain
environments.
B Vocabulary
Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
injured ordinary climb hea
was able to still organized vy goal
environments mountain continents
1. Ms. Tabei became the first woman to climb the highest mountain
on each
of the seven__________________
2. Only Ms. Tabei__ ___ climb the last 70 meters.
3. She __ ___ _______ climbs mountains.
4. A Tokyo newspaper-television company_______________ the
Mount
Everest climb in 1975.
5. She is not an_________________Japanese housewife.
6. The_____________ice and snow_______________ __ ten of the women.
7. Now her ------- is to climb the highest mountain in every
country of the world.
8. Mount Everest is the highest_______________in the world.
9. Ms. Tabei also helps an organization that is working to protect
mountain

10. Sir Edmund Hillary from New Zealand and Tenzing Norgay from
Nepal were the first people ever to________Mount Everest.

[bj Vocabulary: New Context

Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words
in the text.
injured ordinary environment climbed
was able to still organize heavier
goal mountainous continent
1. The smallest_________ _________in the world is Australia.
2. Abdullah took the test four times. He_______- pass it the
fourth time.
3. He____________________ a ladder to get to the roof of the house.
4. The students are going to_____ a party for the last day of
classes.
 5. A hippopotamus is___ ___ than a camel.
6. Robert _ ___ ______________his leg while he was skiing.
7. He walked 20 kilometers, but he_____________ wasn't tired.
8. There was nothing________________ _ about the food at his house. It
was very special.
9. Switzerland is a_________________country. That's why a lot of
people
there can ski.
10. His___________________is to become a famous musician.
11. Cars pollute the air and hurt the________________

£ Vocabulary
Review
Hl
Match each word in Column A with the word in Column B that means
the same. Write the letter on the line following the word in Column A.
Column A Column B
1
gift----------- a. maybe
2. pleased______ b. loud
3. great______ C. think
4. noisy_______ d. ruler
5. leader_______ e.
6. completely wonderful
_ f. present
__________________
7. fewer______ g. less
8. commute_____ h. happy
9. suppose______ 1. all
10. perhaps j. travel
__________________
d Questions

The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot
find it in the text.
1. When did the first mountain climbers reach the top of Mount
Everest?
2. Where is Mount Everest?
3. Is Mount Everest an ordinary mountain? Why?
4. Who was the first woman to climb Mount Everest?
5. Who organized the climb?
6. What happened to ten of the women climbers?
 7. Is Mount Everest the only mountain Ms. Tabei has climbed? *8.
Why isn't Ms. Tabei an ordinary Japanese housewife? *9. Why does
Ms. Tabei want to protect mountain environments? *10. Will Ms.
Tabei stop climbing mountains soon?

Comprehension: Multiple Choice

Put a circle around the letter of the best answer. The asterisk (*)
means you have to think of the answer. You cannotfind it in the text.
*l. When people climb Mount Everest, most of them start in_________
a. Japan c. the United States
b. New Zealand d. China or Nepal
2. Two people climbed Mount Everest in 1953. They were from

a. Japan c. China and Nepal

b. China d. New Zealand and Nepal
3. ___________________Japanese women started to climb Mount
Everest.
a. One b. Five c. Two d. Fifteen
4. A company in__________________organized the climb.
a. Tokyo c. Nepal
b. Hokkaido d. New Zealand
5. ____________________injured ten of the women.
a. A club b. An ordinary c. An avalanche d. A storm
6. Ms. Tabei practiced climbing for _______________ . years before
she
climbed Mount Everest.
a. 15 b. 25 c. 30 d. 40
*7. When Ms. Tabei has climbed all the high mountains in the world,
she will feel___________
a. afraid b. lonely c. nervous d. pleased

Main Idea

Circle the number of the main idea of the text.

1. Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world.
2. Junko Tabei, an unusual Japanese housewife, climbs many high
mountains.
3. Junko Tabei was happy when she reached the top of Mount
Everest.
 The Iditarod Race lesson

Before You Read

Look at the picture. Read the sentences. Check (II) True,

False, or Don't Know.
Tru False Don't
e Know

1. The dogs are in a warm □ □ D

environment.

2. The dogs are pulling a

sled. □ □ □
3. The Iditarod is a dog
race.
□ □ D
4 The Iditarod
Every year in early March, dogs pull sleds in a race
along the Iditarod Trail. This trail is 1,770 kilometers place to walk
long. It goes from Anchorage to Nome, Alaska. The
people who drive the dog teams are called "mushers."
A musher is an adventurer. Each musher races alone
with a team of dogs. Some mushers are women. Susan
Butcher is a famous musher. She won the Iditarod race
four times. Rick Swenson won the race five times.
Mushers are very brave to go on this adventure. The
dogs run across snow and ice pulling their sleds.
Sometimes the mushers ride, and sometimes they walk. In
1991, Rick Swenson led his dogs through heavy snow in a
bad storm. It was so dark that no one could see. He fell to bad weather
his knees and got up again. In 1990, Susan Butcher's dogs
got sick. Then they came to a river where there was water
on top of ice. They were very lucky that they didn't fall
through the thin ice. No one could live in the icy water
below. under
At night, the mushers sleep in tents. In the morning,
they can see footprints of wild animals near the camp.
Sometimes they have to shoot at the wild animals to make
them go away.
The Iditarod race is very long, dangerous, and cold.
The mushers spend eleven or twelve days running this Ỉ*
race. The temperature can go down to -46°C (minus forty- footprints

six degrees Celsius). The dogs and the mushers take care
of each other during this adventure.
 H Vocabulary

Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
brave teams shoot
below adventurer footprints
storm trail knees
1. A musher is an___________________
2. Sometimes they have to_______________at the wild animals to
make
them go away.
3. Mushers are very________________to go on this adventure.
4. In the morning, they can see _ ___________of wild animals near
the camp.
5. He fell to his_________________and got up again.
6. No one could live in the icy water_______________
7. In 1991, Rick Swenson led his dogs through a snow ____________
8. The people who drive the dog__________________ are called
"mushers."
9. This___________________is 1,770 kilometers long.

Vocabulary: New Context

Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words in the text.
below footprints bra
stormy trail ve kn
adventure shoots ees tea
1. Our volleyball__________________won the game.
2. Junko Tabei had a great __when she climbed Mount
Everest.
3. When a hunter finds an animal, he usually________it.
4. Your____ are in the middle of your legs.
5. It was difficult to find the ______ because the snow covered it.
6. When you walk on the beach, you leave your_________in the sand.
7. Junko Tabei is a________________woman.
8. He doesn't like to fly in________________weather.
9. From the airplane, I could see the ocean______________ .
us.
 C| Vocabulary Review
Put the right word in each blank.
invention competition map shells
history toward current silver
gold ambassador jewelry used
club chose able to futur
1. The teacher__________________ someone to answer the next question.
2. Carol has some beautiful____________________Some of it is
_________________, and some is___________________
3. Did you have to study the__________________of North America?
4. The new _________________from France met with Queen Elizabeth
in London.
5. Most Europeans can't get__________________Chinese music. It sounds
strange to them.
6. Can you find India and Burma on the___________________? Are you
- ----------------------to fmd them?
7. Paul belongs to a photography___________________because he likes to
take pictures.
8. The airplane was an important___________________in the early part of
the 20th century.
9. I was afraid when the bear walked____________________me.
10. The Peru .________________brings cold water from Antarctica along
the west coast of South America.
d Questions
The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot
find it in the text.
1. In what month is the Iditarod race?
2. What is the weather like in Alaska then?
*3. Did Rick Swenson always ride in his sled?
4. How many other people travel with the mushers?
5. Why do mushers sometimes shoot at wild animals?
6. How do the mushers know that wild animals come near the
camp at night?
*7. Why couldn't Susan Butcher's dogs see the ice?
8. Who won the race more often—Swenson or Butcher?
*9. How do the dogs and the mushers take care of each other?
*10. About how far each day do the dogs have to run?

e Com; ?rehension: True/False/No Information

Write T if the sentence is true. Write F if the sentence is false. Write

NI if there is no information about the sentence in the text.

______1. The end of the Iditarod race is in Anchorage, Alaska.

______2. Susan Butcher is a young woman.
______3. The first dog is called the musher.
______4. Rick Swenson helped his dogs through a storm.
______5. Butcher's dogs didn't fall through the ice.
______6. Sometimes wild animals come near the camps at night.
______7. Swenson went to the University of Anchorage.
______8. The dogs eat a lot of food during the race.
______. 9. The temperatures during the Iditarod are below freezing.
______10. The mushers have radios to call for help.
._____.ll. Butcher's team won more Iditarod races than Swenson's
team.
24
1
 f Main Idea

Circle the number of the main idea of the text.

1. Susan Butcher won the Iditarod four times.
2. Mushers and their dogs take care of each other.
3. The Iditarod is a big adventure.
 Sailing Alone lesso
n

Before You Read

Look at the picture and the map. Read the sentences. Check (ti) True, False, or
Don't Know.
Tru False Don't
e Know
1. It is possible to sail from Japan to D □ D
the United States.

2. You need wind to sail. D D D

3. It's dangerous to cross the ocean D D D
in a sailboat.
5 Sailing Alone
In 1996, Subaru Takahashi sailed alone across the Pacific
Ocean. Many other people did this before Subaru, but he was
special. At age 14, he was the youngest person to sail across the
Pacific by himself.
Subaru left Tokyo on July 22, 1996. His boat was 30 feet (9
meters) long. In the boat he had a two-month supply of food and
water. He also had a radio and other modem equipment for
sailing.
The beginning of the trip went very well. Subaru often talked to
his parents by radio. He didn't have any problems with his boat.
Then, on August 11, the engine in his boat quit. Suddenly,
Subaru was without electricity. This affected his
navigation equipment. Then, five days later, his radio difficulties

quit. Now he wasn't able to communicate with

anyone. And he was still 2,770 miles (4,490
stopped share
kilometers) away from his destination— San
Francisco.
By the end of August, many people believed that
Subaru was lost. No one was able to contact him by information
radio. His parents expected him to arrive in San
Francisco on September 3, but he didn't. Then, on
September 13, Subaru sailed into San Francisco. After
55 days in his boat, his trip was finally over.
Many people believe that Subaru was too young to
sail alone. They say that parents shouldn't allow
children to make such dangerous trips. However,
finishe
other people say that children should have d
adventures, too. What do you think?
faJ Vocabulary
Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.
communicate electricity expected proble
contact engine quit ms sudde
destination equipment over nly supply
1. After 55 days in his boat, his trip was finally______________
2. He didn't have any__________________with his boat.
3. No one was able to _________ him by radio.
4. In the boat, he had a two-month_______________of food and
water.
5. Now he wasn't able to __________ _ with anyone.
6. His parents_________________him to arrive in San Francisco on
September 3, but he didn't.
7. Then, on August 11, the____________in his boat_________________
8. He also had a radio and other modern_______________for sailing.
9. And he was still 2,770 miles (4,490 kilometers) away from his
__________________—San Francisco.
10.______________, Subaru was without______________________.

Vocabulary: New Context

Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words
in the text.
communica electricity expectin problem
te contact engine g quit s
destination equipmen over sudden
t someone by phone than by letter.
1. It's faster to__________. supply
2. A car won't go anywhere without an_______________
3. What_____________ . do you need to play soccer?
4. Don't make any_________movements. You might frighten the
animals.
5. Don't _____________school early. It's good to get a university
education.
6. She was tired when the test was_______________
7. If your____________. is across the ocean, you can't get there by
car.
8. Are you having any_________________with your car?
9. I need to get a_________________of paper for my office.
10. Many hearing-impaired people____ ____ _________- with their hands.
11. They are ________ ________ a new baby in two months.
12. They use___________________to heat their house.

C Vocabulary Review
Underline the word that doesn't fit with the other three.
1. sail, ski, swim, win
2. leader, ruler, hunter, winner
3. festival, sailor, dentist, pilot
4. beard, mustache, eyelash, knee
5. trail, ocean, highway, road
6. holiday, truck, sled, boat
7. dark, careful, wavy, thick
8. nervous, brave, calm, shiny

Questions

The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text.
1. Where did Subaru Takahashi sail from? Where did he sail to?
2. Who did he sail with?
3. How did he communicate with his parents?
4. How long did it take Subaru to sail across the Pacific?
5. What problems did he have on this trip?
6. Why did he arrive in San Francisco late?
7. Why was Subaru's trip unusual?
8. How much food and water did he take with him?
9. Why did people think he was lost?
*10. Why did Subaru take this trip?
 e Comprehension: Multiple Choice
Put a circle around the letter of the best answer.
1. Subaru's trip was unusual because he________

4. When his radio quit, Subaru____

a. called his parents
b. went back to Japan
5. Subaru's trip was________
a. from Tokyo to San Francisco
b. around the world
a. was brave c. was comfortable
a. his parents c. a radio
b. navigation equipment d.
c. food and water
continued his trip
b. was very young d. d.turned
didn'ton the aelectricity
have radio
2. When Subaru left Tokyo, he did not have_______in his boat.
c. from San Francisco to Tokyo
d. from south to north
3. At the beginning of the trip, Subaru________
a. had terrible weather c. didn't have any problems
b. didn't have a radio d. didn't eat well
6. During his trip, Subaru wasn't able to communicate with people
for_______
a. several days c. about two weeks
b. a week d. about a month

[11 Main Idea

Circle the number of the main idea of the text.
1. Subaru Takahashi was very young when he sailed across the ocean.
2. People were nervous because Subaru Takahashi reached his destination late.
3. It's hard to sail without modern equipment. irLanguage.com
 Verbs: Past Continuous Tense

The past continuous tense is like the present continuous, but it

shows that something continued to happen in the past. Use was/were
instead of am/is/are and the -ing form of the verb.
Example: It is 5:00. Glen is studying.
At 5:00 yesterday, Glen was studying.
We often use the past continuous to show that one action interrupted
another action. Use the simple past for the other verb.
Example: Glen was studying when the phone rang.
The phone rang while Glen was studying.
We usually use the past after when and the past continuous after
while (when + past, while + past continuous).
Put the correct form of the verb in each blank.
1. While Subaru (travel)__________________across the ocean,
he (have)__________________problems with his engine.
2. While David (walk)__________________, he (fall)
___________________through the ice.
3. A bear (try)__________________to pull him out of his tent
while he (sleep)---------------------------
4. Howard (injure)____________his knee while he (play)
_______________soccer.
5. At 7:00 yesterday, David (arrived)__________________home
from work.
6. Tony (ski)___________when it (start) ____________to snow.
7. Ann (enter)_____________the building when she (see)
_____________an old friend.
 8. Jean when the
(sleep)
-----------------------(ring). telephone
9. Ali (leave)__________________the classroom when the
teacher (speak)_ ______ to him.
10. While Marie (write)_______ ______a letter, Pierre
(telephone)__________________her.

b Spelling Review

1. Add -y to each of these nouns to make an adjective.

noise storm rock wave
2 Add -ing to these verbs.
.
study plan write go
swim fly bring come
3 Write the plural form of each of nouns.
. these
century ruler child
II
ift
adventur g goal day
e
4 Write the past tense of each of these verbs.
. try mix invent belong
expect shop carry play
5 Add -est to these adjectives.
. big thick heavy low
Il
hi h
g safe small hot

C Word Forms
Adjectiv
Verb Noun e
1 (none) danger dangero
.2 invent invention us inventiv
. inventor e
3 (none) science scientifi
. scientist c
4. explore exploration explorat
explorer ory
5 sail (none)
. sail sailor

____________________<
Word Study '
■
 6. be born birth (none)
7. lead leader ruler (none)
8. rule organization (none)
9. organize injury organized
10. injure
injurious
Put the right
word form in the
blanks. Choose a
word from Line 1
for Sentence 1,
and so on. Use
the right tenses.
Some nouns are
plural.
1. Always think
about the____________________
________________________
when you walk
across the street.
2. The computer is
a wonderful

3. Kumiko plans
to study
and be a

4. Captain Cook
the Pacific
Ocean in the
18th century. He was an
___________________________
5. - ____ did
the work on sailing
ships. These ships
had______________
to catch the
wind. They________
 all over the
world.
6. The______________
of a child makes
the family very
happy.
7. The captain will________
the soldiers into
the town.
8. A king _______________
Ms country. He
might be a good
_________________
, but he might
not be.
9. You need to
your
compositions
better.
Good _________
______________
is important in
compositions.
10. Oscar's car hit a
tree. He has several
__

Irregular Verbs

1. Learn these verb

forms. Then use
the past tense of
each verb in a
sentence.
Simple Verb Past Tense Simple Verb Past
a. choose chose e. fall Tense
fell
b. leave left f. meet met
c. spend spent g. sleep slept
d. send sent h. understand understoo
d
2. Write the past tense of these verbs.
b.
blow___________________
c.
do_______________-
d.
get -------------- ----------
e.
know ________________
f. rin
g— —
a. be_______________ g. begin__________________________
h. cut__________________
i. find__________________
J. give----------------------------
k. put__________________
l. sell__________________

e Collocations
We often use certain adjectives and nouns together. For example, we say deep
snow and thick ice. We don't usually say thick snow and deep ice.
Which adjective do we use more often with each of the nouns below? Circle the
correct word.
(^^^/ thick) snow
(thick /wide) hair (long
(juicy I wet) soil (deep I thick) skin (high I
I tall) trip
tall) salary (high I loud) music (fast /
(bad I ugly) weather
quick) music (thick I strong) leader
(old I traditional) life
(hot I warm) coat (thick
I wide) river
What verbs do we often use with the nouns below? Draw a line to connect them.
Verbs Nouns
attend ' classes
demand crops
grow the
make friends
pollute your feelings
show your rights
take school
Word $ 251
Study
 What verbs do we often use with these nouns? Check (./) your
answers.

hav ge mak
e t e
[ —
a
— problem
Z a job a

D — — class a
sound a
□ □ □ decision

Use real information to write your answers.

1. Which lesson in Unit 7 was the most interesting for you? Why?
2. If you could travel through time and go with the people on one of
the adventures in Unit 7, which adventure would you go on?Why?
3. Describe an adventure of an important explorer from your
country.
3. Do you think that the Iditarod is a dangerous adventure? Why or why not?
2. Take a Side. Which side are you on? Do you agree with the animal activists
or the mushers? Give two more reasons to support the side you choose.

Animal Activists Mushers

Example: The dogs are tied up Example: The race is a
when they are not tradition in
racing. Alaska.

1. ______________ 1. _______________________

2. _______________________ 2. ______________________
3. Read your reasons aloud to the class. How many people in the class think
that the race should continue? How many think that it should end?
 a Go on an Adventure
Pretend you are a famous explorer. Think of what you will need to
take with you. Use the pictures to help you think of the words.

Example: To sleep at night, I will need a tent.

1. To travel long distances across the sea like the Polynesians, I
am going to need a___________________

2. To travel across the desert, I must have a__________________

to ride on.
3. To travel across the snow in Alaska, I will need
_________________to pull my sled.

4. To travel through mountains where the snow is deep, I will

need__________________
5. To walk across New Zealand, I will need strong leg

ỆỆ Travel Plans We're going to Alaska to

see the Iditarod. We'll
need heavy coats, boots,
Work with a partner. Decide where you gloves, sunglasses....

would both like to go. Together, write a

sentence explaining what you want to do
when you get there. Then make a list of
the things you will need to bring with
you. Tell about your trip, and read your
list to the class.

Activity Page
Finding Synonyms
Synonyms are words that have the same (or very similar)
meanings. Not all words have synonyms.
1.
Read the definition of the word gift. What is its synonym?
gift/ gift/ noun
1 something given freely to another,
(synonym) a present: My father gave me a
watch as a birthday gift.
2 a special natural ability: She has a gift for
languages; she can speak five different
languages.
Draw a line between each of the following words and its
synonym. Use your dictionary to check your work.

holiday happy
gift decide
injured time off
choose hurt
dull present
terrible horrible
3.
glad boring
Work with a partner. Partner A reads each sentence aloud.
Partner B repeats the same sentence, but substitutes a synonym
for the underlined word.
Example:
Partner A: He thought the trip was very dull.
Partner B: He thought the trip was very boring.
a. Something terrible happened during their trip.
b. Tamerlane was probably very glad to have such an unusual
present.
c. We don't know why Junko Tabei chose to climb the highest
mountain in the world.
 167 cheap 52 chew 109 evaporate 47 even 83
choose 157 classical 109 excited 37 exercise 42
climb 233 cloud 47 club expect 244 expensive 52
about 7 above 16 across 42 coast 183 collect 52 explorer 223 express
188 add 114 adult 199 comfortable 162 114 extra 147 eyelash 7
adventurer 238 affect common 129
109 afraid 11 ago 73 communicate 244
alert 37 alike 199 alive commute 167 compact
16 all over 7 allow 157 disc 119 company 119
alone 124 also 7 famous 47 fan 119 farm
competition 205
ambassador 228 among 52 farmer 52 feather 3
completely 188
205 area 194 around 88 feed 73 feeling 21
composer 114 computer
arrive 205 art 73 attend female 157 fertilizer 78
167 connect 42 contact
188 average 147 244 contagious 37
continent 233 continue
188 cool 7 country 93
crop 78 culture 205
background 109 bake current 223
129 band 119 basket 73
be able to 233 beak 3
bear 11 beard 188 beat
129 become 78 behave
109 believe 21 dance 57 dangerous 124
belo 23 date 73 dead 199
benef 1 decision 162 deeply 37
it
besid 52
16 dentist 152 describe 7
e
bette 78 desert 7 destination 244
rblow 19 destroy 194 die 194
blues 119 difficult 57 dig 183
bore 37 4 disease 78 doctor 152
d
both 57 dolphin 21 dress code
bottl 12 162 dull 147 during 3
e
brave 4
23 duty 147
breat 8 1
he
broo 6
83
m 73
bum
by hand 93 each other 57 earn 147
earth 47 eastern 83
either 124 electricity
244 employee 147
calm 124 camel 7 can employer 152 enemy 52
124 card 129 careful energy 78 engine 244
109 carry 47 casual 162 enjoy 129 enough 147
catch 11 cattle 124 environment
century 114 ceremony 233 equals 42
205 chance 93 channel equipment 244
festival 205 palm 73 pay 147
flexible 157 fly peaceful 124
3 footprint 238 percent 47
forest 183 lake 16 large 16 performer 119
freeze 199 laugh 42 leader 228 perhaps 194 piano
frighten 194 fry leave (time off 114 pick 93 pilot
129 full time 157 from a job) 157 152 plant 16
leaves (parts of a pleased 228 plus
future 183
plant) 73 152 poisonous 52
left 188 leisure polar 11 police
167 less 183 light officer 162
188 logger 194 pollute 194 popular
lonely 21 lose 147, 114 population 205
get dressed 162 gift 228 199 loud 109 lovely practice 205
giraffe 228 goal 233 88 luck 21 prepare 167 pretend
goat 199 gold 228 42 private 152
government 3 grass 83 probably 83
great 223 group 21 grow problem 244
52 guitar 114 half 93 produce 93
machine 78 male 157 profession 152
hard 42 harmonica 114
mammal 16 map 223 program 167
hate 78 health 152
meal 167 medicine progress 194
hearing-impaired 42 middle 188 might promote 188
57 heat 7 heavy 233 37 miner 194 mix 47 protect 93
high 16 highway 199 mixture 119 modem
history 223 holiday 183 93 mountain 233
however 37 hump 7 move 47 muscle 37
hunter 188 hurt 3 museum 73 music 109
mustache 188 quickly 37
quit 244

ice 11 idea 57 if 52
increase 157 injure 233
insect 83 instead naturally 42 nearby
of 52 instrument race 37 raise 88
199 nervous 119
114 insurance 152 noise 194 nomad
international 130 183 north 11
Internet 152
interpret 57
invention 223
island 188
obviously 167 ocean
47 only 3 orchestra
129 ordinary 233
organize 233
jazz 114 jewelry outsider 194 oven
228 just 78 129 over (finished)
244 over (more
than)
205
kill 3 kind 52 overtime 147
knee 238
reach 223 show 21 sign 57 supply 244
record 119 silver 228 suppose 228
relax 42 size 3 ski surf 167 sweet
unpaid 157
religion 183 skin 88 swim 11
used to
188 rice 88 slave 114
228
83 rights sled 183
188 roast smell 3 vacation 147
129 rock snow 11 so t vary 147
2
199 roof 83 78 soft 119 a violin 124
tas 1
rug 83 rule soil 83 te
tea 2 visit 124
157 ruler somehow 199 t
m 1
228 soon 42 sound t 7
21 south t 8
11 time off 157 waiter 152
southern together 21 war 205 warm
safe 223 73 special toward 223 11 wavy 188
sailor 223 162 spend traditional 183 weigh 11
salary 152 salt 16 spiritual 194 trail 238 travel well 42 west
sportswear 162 21 trip 183 83 while 129
47 sandal 83 whole 57
save 21 star 57 stay 16 tropics 52 truck
still 233 199 wide 11 wild
schedule 157 88 win 205
stomach 16 typically
scientist 21 wing 3
section 88 seed stone 73 store 7 93
wonderful 73
88 share 157 storm 238
wood 73
shell 223 strange 3
shiny 88 stretch 37
shoot 238 suddenly 244 unfortunately
uniform 162
yawn 37
yearly 20
ACTIVITY PAGE Comprehension, 5,9,14,19, 21,24, 40,45, 50,
Acting out words, 66 55, 60,76, 80, 86, 91,95,
Comparing groups, 215 111,117,122,127,
CrosSword puzzle, 30 132,150,155,160,165,170,186,191,197,
Drawing instruments, 140 202-203,208,214,226,236,241,247
Going on an adventure, 255 Definitions, 256
Guess the animal, 31 Main idea, 5,9,14,19, 21,24,40,45,50, 55, 60,
Lists, 103 76, 81, 86, 91,96,112,117, 122,127,132,
Music bingo, 140 150,155,160,165,170,186,192,197,204,
Travel plans, 255 208,226,236,242,247
Unscrambling words, 103 Paragraphs, 65
Who am I?, 215-216 Prereading activities, 2, 6,10,15, 20,36,41,
Word search, 66 46,
Workplace ladder, 177 51,56, 72, 77, 82,87,
DICTIONARY PAGE 92,108,113,118,123,
Antonyms, 32 128,146,151,156,161,166,182,187,193,
Definitions, 217 198.204.222.227.232.237.243
Parts of speech, 141 Sentences,2,6,10,15,20,36,41,46,51,56,72,
Spelling, 104 77, 82, 87, 92,101,108,113,118,123,128,
Synonyms, 256 146,151,156,161,166,182,187,193,198,
Word forms, 67-68,178 204.222.227.232.237.243
Vocabulary, 34-35,38-39,43-44,48-49,53-54,
LISTENING/SPEAKING
Ask and answer questions, 31, 64 58-59,70-71, 74-75,79-80,84-85,89-90,
Discussion, 29,65,101,102, 175, 254 94-95,106-107,110-111,115-116,120-
Facts from video, 175 121, 125-126,130-131,144-145, 148-149,
Group activities, 175, 254, 255 153-154,158-159,163-164, 168-169, 180-
Guess the animal, 31 181,184-185,189-190, 195-196, 2()
Interviewing, 175, 215-216 (}..201,206-207,220-221,224-225, 229-
Partner activities, 31, 32, 64,103,175, 215- 230,234-235,239-240,245-246
216, TEST-TAKING SKILLS
255,256 Categorizing, 13, 23,192, 215
Reading aloud, 103, 254, 255, 256 Checking choices, 2,6,10,15,20,28,36,41,46,
Role playing, 215-216 51, 56, 64, 72, 77, 82,
87,92,108,113,118, 123, 128, 136,138,
READING
Charts, 146 139,146, 151, 156, 161,
 166,176,182,187,193,198,204,222,227,
232,237,243,252'
Circling choices, 14,19, 24,40,45,50,55, 60,
76,
86,91,112,117,122,127,150,155,160,165,
170,186,197,203,208,226,231,236,242,
247
Fill in blanks, 4, 8,12,17, 22, 25, 27, 38-39,
43- 44,48,53-54,58-59,62-63,67-68, 74-
75, 79, 84-85, 89-90, 94,97-98,110,115,
120-121,125,130-131,134,135-136,138,
139,142,148-149,153-154,158-159,159,
163,168,172,184-185,189-190,190, 195-
196,200-201,206-207,209,210,211,
213,214,224,225,229-230,234-235,239,
240,245,248-249,250-251,255
Matching, 32,39, 80, 81,85,96,116,121,132,
154,164,173-174,185,196,207,230,235,
251-252,256
Multiple-choice questions, 9,14,18,24, 34-35,
44,55, 70-71, 76, 91,122, 144-
145,155,165, 170,180-181,186,191,197,
202-203, 220-221,236,242,247
Sentence completion, 176, 214,253
Short-answer questions, 5, 9,13,18, 23,28,
39,
44- 45,49, 54, 59, 75, 80, 85,
90,95,111,116, 121, 126,131,149,154,
160,164, 169, 185-186,191,196-197,
202, 207, 226, 230, 235-236,241,246
True/false questions, 5,40,45, Work and leisure, 143-170
50,60, 80-81, 86, Family-friendly companies, 156-
95,102,132,150,186,197,208,226 160 Salaries, 151-155
,241 Time off, 166-170
Underlining choices, Work clothes, 161-165
49,95,111,126,149,169,246 Work hours, 146-150
TOPICS VIEWING
Animals, 1-24 Maps, 204
Camel, 6-9 Pictures, 2,6,10,15, 20,36,41,46,
Dolphin, 20-24 51, 56, 72,77,
Hippopotamus, 15-19 82,
Kiwi, 2-5 87,92,108,113,118,123,128,146,151
Polar bear, 10-14 ,
Exploration and adventure, 219- 156,161,166,182,187,193,198,20
247
4,222, 227,232,237,243
First woman on Mount Everest,
Video highlights, 28-29,64-
232-236
65,101-102, 138-139? 175-
Giraffes, 227-231
176,213-214, 253-254
Iditarod race, 237-242
Polynesians, 222-226 WORD STUDY
Sailing alone, 239-247 Adjectives with -y ending, 99-100
How? Why?, 33-60 Collocations, 136,173-174, 251-
How can a plant kill?, 51-55 252 Comparisons, 27,98
How do many hearing-impaired Compound words, 63,173
people talk?,56-60 -er ending for people, 62-63
Why do people laugh?, 41-45 -ly adverbs, 134-135
Why do we yawn?, 36-40 Nouns
Why is the sea salty?, 46-50 Noun and verb the same, 135-136
Music, 105-132 Plural, 99
Pronouns
Blues and jazz, 113-117
Possessive, 25
Country-western music, 123-127
-self pronouns, 209
Latin music and salsa, 128-133
Questions
Music and behavior, 108-112
Past tense, 133
Rock and roll, 118-122
Present tense, 61
People of the world, 179-207
-selfpronouns, 209
Ainu of Japan, 187-192
Spelling, 249
Hopi of Arizona, 198-202
Irregular verbs, 26
Maori of New Zealand, 204-208
Plurals of verbs ending in s,
Sami of northern Europe, 182-186
ch, sh, x, or z, 26
Yanomami of the Amazon, 193-197
Plurals of verbs ending in y,
Plants, 69-96
26
Coffee plant, 92-96
Words ending in -er, 27
Date palm, 72-76
Superlatives, 210 there is/there
Oranges, 87-91
are, 62 un-, 172 Verbs
Rice,82-86
Irregular verbs, 26,97,133-
Water hyacinth, 77-81
134,171-172,212, 250-251
 Noun and verb the same, 135-136
Past continuous tense, 248-249
Past tense, 97-98,133, 212
Present continuous tense, 171
Present tense, 26,61
Word forms, 211,249-250
Writing short answers,
27,63,137,174, 212, 252 -y
ending, 99-100
WRITING
Charts, 81,96,174,175,178,192
Crossword puzzles, 30 Diagrams,
29, 215 Group activities, 139
Lists, 103,255
Partner activities, 103,139
Questions, 65
Sentence completion, 102
Sentences, 26,61, 171, 212, 255
Short answers, 27, 29,
63,100,137, 174,175, 212,
213, 252, 253
Simple Past Simple Past
be was, were hurt hurt
become became keep kept
begin began know knew
blow blew lead led
bring brought leave left
build built lose lost
buy bought make made
catch caught meet met
choose chose pay paid
come came put put
rin ran
cut cut g g
do did run ran
drink drank see saw
drive drove sell sold
eat ate send sent
fall fell sleep slept
feel felt slide slid
fi ht
g fought speak spoke
find found spend spent
fly flew sweep swept
forget forgot take took
freeze froze teach taugh
get got tell told
ive
g gave think thoug
go went underst under
grow grew wear wore
have (has) had win won
hear heard write wrote
hit hit
Irregular Verbs
Reading & Vocabulary Development Series

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The asterisk (* *) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text.
 1. Where does the hippopotamus live?
*2. Is a kiwi a mammal?
3. How long is a hippo's stomach?
4. Does a hippo eat meat?
5. Why does a hippo go under water?
6. How can it stay under water for ten minutes?
*7. Can it breathe under water? Why?
8. What does it do at night?
9. Where does a baby hippo ride?
*10. Is a bear a mammal?

18 'ỉi'
fdl Questions

The asterisk (* *) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in
the text.
1. How do many hearing-impaired people talk?
2. How does a person interpret for hearing-impaired people?
*3. How many signs are used for fingerspelling in English?
4. Why are some word signs easy?
5. When do people use fingerspelling?
6. Is American Sign Language the same as British Sign Language?
7. Why is using sign language almost like dancing?
*8. Why are sign languages beautiful?
The asterisk (* *) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in
the text.
1. How do people use the palm tree?
*2. What is the name of the fruit of the palm tree?
3. Where did the date palm come from?
4. When did Syrians and Egyptians start to eat dates?
5. How many kinds of palm trees are there?
6. Why can't most of them grow in the Middle East?
7. Where can we see beautiful old pictures of palm trees?
*8. Why did Syrians and Egyptians make pictures of palm trees?
*9. Why do date palms grow in the Middle East?
Circle the number of the main idea of the text.
1. The date palm grows in the Middle East.
2. The date palm is beautiful, and people use all of it.
3. People made pictures of the date palm, and these pictures are in art
museums now.
The asterisk (* *) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text.
*l. Why do some people eat almost nothing but rice?
*2. In what countries is rice an important food?
3. What kind of plant is rice?
4. How many kinds of rice are there?
5. Scientists have two ideas about where rice came from. What are they?
*6. What does upland mean?
*7. Why do rice farmers use fertilizer?
*8. Why do most farmers do the work of growing rice by hand?
9. How do farmers kill insects?
10. People eat rice. What are other ways people use the rice plant?
The asterisk (* *) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text.
1. Why did European and American people bring Africans to America before
and during the nineteenth century?
2. Where did blues and jazz start?
3. When did blues and jazz become very popular?
4. How does a person who "sings the blues" feel?
*5. When do you feel like singing the blues?
6. With what instruments did people first play the blues?
7. What is the name of B. B. King's guitar?
*8. Why do you think B. B. King gave his guitar a name?
*9. What is the difference between jazz and blues?
*10. Why are blues and jazz popular all over the world?
The asterisk (* *) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in
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1. What do people need more time to do?
2. How many hours a year do people in France work?
3. How many hours a year do people in Japan work?
4. Why do some people work extra hours?
*5. Why don't some companies pay overtime?
6. In which country do people get the longest vacations?
*7. Why don't people use all of their vacation days?
The asterisk (* *) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in
the text.
1. Which jobs in the United States have the highest salaries?
2. Which jobs have the lowest salaries?
3. What are some common benefits that employers give employees?
4. Where can you find the salaries of different jobs?
*5. Why do you think cooks and waiters get low salaries?
*6. How much is a person with a salary of $20,000 plus benefits really earning?
*7. What is the difference between a job and a profession?
*8. Why do some people think that their salary is private information?
The asterisk c* *) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in
the text.
1. What do pilots wear to work?
2. What is happening to dress codes at many companies?
3. What is "Casual Friday"?
*4. What is an example of sportswear?
5. Why do employees like to wear casual clothes to work?
6. Why do employers like the casual dress code?
7. What problems can a casual dress code cause?
The asterisk (* *) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text. *1.
How many hours a day does Amal spend sleeping?
2. How much leisure time does he have every week?
3. What are some popular leisure activities?
4. What do people like to do with their computers?
*5. What kinds of things do employees do during their lunch time?
*6. Why are so many people mixing their work activities and free-time activities?
The asterisk (* *) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text.
1. Where do the Yanomami live?
2. About how many Yanomami are there?
*3. Why didn't the Yanomami know about other people?
*4. What do the Yanomami eat?
*5. Name some changes in the daily lives of these people.
The asterisk (* *) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text.
1. Where did the Maori come from?
2. When did Europeans come to live in New Zealand?
*3. What happened to the Maori population after the Europeans arrived?
4. How many Maori are there in New Zealand today?
*5. Why do more young people than older people speak the Maori language?
*6. How is Maori culture kept alive in the cities?
*7. Why are the marae important?
*8. Why do the Maori have yearly competitons?