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T. Electrical Equipment and Cables T

1. General

1.1 Application

The requirements in this Sub-section apply to tests and inspection for the type of electrical equipment and
cables in accordance with the requirements in the Rules for Electrical Machinery (Pt.1, Vol.IV) Sec. 20 and
21.

1.2 Items subject to the tests

Electrical equipment and cables subject to the type test are to be as the requirements in Table 3.21.

2. Data to be submitted

Data are to be submitted to BKI in accordance with the requirements in A.2 and the following drawings and
documents are to be included for explosion-protected electrical equipment. Items 4), 5) and 6) are,
however, required for intrinsically safe type electrical equipment only. Items 7) to 15) are, however,
required for busbar trunking system only.
Drawings of detailed sectional assembly and arrangement of components
List of electrical parts and materials
Functional descriptions of explosion-protected constructions
Electric circuit diagrams
Sectional assembly drawings of transformers with earthed screens and component parts (relays,
photocouplers, etc.) used for maintenance of intrinsic safety
Construction drawings and circuit diagrams of safety barriers
References to design standards, rules, specifications etc.
Test results
Applicant's proposal for product sample test
Documentation of reliability and endurance on board ships and offshore units (if any).
Special operational limitations.
Field of application: i.e. general power, bulk head and deck penetration etc.
List of the busbar trunking systems covered by the type approval giving the following information
for each variant if applicable:
Rated operation voltage (V)
Rated insulation voltage (V)
Rated impulse withstand voltage (V)
Rated current (A)
Rated peak withstand current (kA)
Rated short-time withstand current (kA/sec)
Pollution degree
De-rating factor at 45 °C ambient temperature
Mechanical loads
Conductor dimensions (mm or mm2)
Insulation thickness (mm)

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Clearance and creepage distances (mm)

Fillers and bedding thickness (mm)
Inner and outer sheath thickness (mm)
Metallic covering diameter (mm)
Overall diameter or dimensions (mm)
Construction details:
Conductor material: Copper or maritime atmospheric resistant aluminium
Insulation material (if any)
Fillers and bedding material (if any)
Inner and outer sheath material (if any)
Metal covering (if any)
Material outer braid or armour (if any)
Tap off units (if any)
Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP code).
Test program, which as a minimum includes the elements for type testing. The test program shall
refer to the relevant IEC standards for each test.

Table 3.21 Electrical equipment and cables subject to the type test
No. Kinds Electrical equipment and cables subject to the type test
Cartridge fuses (renewable and non-renewable) and plug type fuses used for
1 Fuses
the protection of the low-voltage electric circuits.
Electromagnetic contactors Electromagnetic contactors and protective relays used for motors and other
2
and protective relays loads connected to the low voltage electric circuits.
Electrical equipment of the flameproof type, intrinsically safe type, increased
Explosion-protected electric safety type and pressurized protected type (limited to sealed type) used in
3
equipment the spaces on board flammable or explosive gas or vapour (hereinafter
reffered to as explosive gas) exists or may exist in the atmosphere.
Circuit-breakers, load switches and disconnect switches for direct
connection to the main busbars or non-protected distribution busbars of
4 Switchgear main, emergency and propulsion switchboards
Standardized switchgear units manufactured in series with reduced
clearance and creepage distances.
Cables and insulated wires used for power circuits, lighting circuits,
supply and distribution circuits of interior communication, control circuit,
etc.
Cables and
5 Sealing compound and packing systems for bulkhead and deck
accessories
penetrations
Busbar trunking systems
Cable trays/protective casings made of plastic materials
Short-circuit protection
Overcurrent protection
Reverse-power protection
Generator / mains
Automatically synchronizing device
6 supply protection
Under frequency protection
devices
Over- and under voltage protection
Differential protection
Earth fault monitoring

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Table 3.21 Electrical equipment and cables subject to the type test (continued)
No. Kinds Electrical equipment and cables subject to the type test
Input devices such as:
Phase failure relays
Steering gear and Level sensors
7 rudder-propeller Steering gear control systems with all components important for the
systems function such as:
Steering mode selector switch
Follow up/ non-follow up control devices
Variable pitch propeller
controls with all
8
components important for the
functioning
Open and closed loop control for speed and power of internal
combustion engines (main and auxiliary engines) and electrical
Machinery control
actuators.
9 systems
Safety devices
Safety systems
Fire detection and alarm systems
Suction-type smoke-detection systems
Loading instrument (loading computer).
Automatic stop devices and control units for heel compensation
Ship's control and safety
systems.
10 systems
Flame detectors, remotely controlled valves, control electronics and
fire detection systems for fixed water-based local application fire-
fighting systems (FWBLAFFS)
Combustion engine crankcase oil mist detection monitoring
device/system
Electrically supplied
11
LLL-systems.
Monitoring, protection and
12 management systems of
battery systems.
13 Rotating machinery Generators and motors
14 Transformer Power transformer

3. Type tests

Type tests are to be carried out in accordance with the requirements in 3.1. to 3.14 for each product. In
case where the BKI deemed necessary, however, additional tests and/or an increase in the number of test
samples may be required. For products specified in foreign standards, test items and the number of test
samples will be decided at each case in accordance with the contents of the standards.

3.1 Test method of fuses

The details of test are to comply with the recognized code (IEC 60269 series, etc.). Where deemed
necessary, the ambient temperature may be modified.

3.2 Test method of electromagnetic contactors

The details of test are to comply with the recognized code (IEC 60947-1, IEC 60947-4 etc.). Where deemed
necessary, the ambient temperature may be modified.

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3.3 Test method of explosion-protected electric equipment

3.3.1 Test items and number of samples

The test items marked "O" in Table 3.22 are to be conducted on one test sample per each explosion-
protection type.

Table 3.22 Test Items of Explosion Protected Equipment

Types of explosion
Flameproof Intrinsically safe Increased safety Pressurized
protection
type type type protected type
Test items
Construction inspection
Temperature rise test (note)
Mechanical strength test
Explosion test
Pressurization test
Spark ignition test
Other test deemed necessary
Note:
Temperature rise test in the locking test for motors is to be included.
Remarks:
1. The mechanical strength test is to apply to movable apparatus, inspection windows, lighting fittings, portable lamps with
batteries, plug-sockets and flexible fittings.
2. Other tests deemed necessary are to include thermal shock (heat resistance) test, water-tight test, air-tight test, function
test of protective devices, etc.

3.3.2 Test methods

Test methods are to comply with the requirements given in Table 3.23 or IEC 60079 series.

Table 3.23 Test methods and acceptance criteria for explosion-protected equipment
Acceptance
Types Test item Test method
criteria
(a) The enclosure is filled with the flammable mixture which will produce
the explosion pressure specified in Table bellows according to the
internal volume and tested by repeatedly igniting and exploding the The
(A) mixture 10 times enclosure is
Explosion Internal volume 2 over 100 not to be
withstand 3
Less than 2 over 100 over 100 damaged or
(cm ) incl.
test obstructively
Internal Necessary for 1.0 or
Flameproof 0,8 or over 1.0 or over deformed
pressure (MPa) Fabrication over
type
electric (b) The gaps of the enclosure may be sealed temporally to perform the test.
equipment (a) The flammable mixture having flame propagation characteristic which
can prove the safe guardness against each gas involved in each
(B) explosion class is filled inside and outside the enclosure and is ignited The flame
Flame inside the enclosure and exploded repeatedly 15 times. In case where propagation
propagation the pressure specified in (A) of this Table is available in this test, the is not to
test explosion withstand test above may be included in this test. occur
(b) The position considered as the flame propagation is most ready to occur
in the enclosure is to be selected for the position of ignition.

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Table 3.23 Test methods and acceptance criteria for explosion-protected equipment (continued)
Acceptance
Types Test item Test method
criteria
To pass the rated current to the The temperature rise of the external parts of the
equipment (as for lighting enclosure is not to exceed the limit specified in Table
(C) fixtures, by turning or the below
Tempera- maximum applicable lamp with (Standard ambient temperature 50°C)
ture rise the rated current) until the
Ignition group G1 G2 G3 G4 G5
test temperature at each part is
saturated. Limit of
310 190 110 60 30
temperature rise
(a) The steel ball falling test of light transparent plate, light trans- parent
window and inspection window;
The transparent plate (except for the cylindrical glass globes for Not to
fluorescent lamp) is dropped by the steel ball specified in Table below on cause any
the weakest part considered of the plate under the condition being fitted damage and
on to the equipment or equivalent condition. cracks
Transparent Drooping which may
Mass of steel ball (g)
material height (cm) impair the
Glove 95 (diameter approximately 28,5 mm) 100 flame-
Cylindric glass 50 (diameter approximately 23,0 mm) 100 proofness
Sheet glass 200 (diameter approximately 36,5 mm) 200
(D) This test is, in principle, to be carried out on three test specimens and
Mechanical each of them is required to pass the test. For the indicating lamps, in
case where the steel ball cannot strike the glass cover through the
Flameproof strength
test penings of the guard, the test is to be conducted by dropping a steel ball
type
sufficiently small to directly strike.
electric
(b) The strength test of cylindrical glass globe for fluorescent lamp The
equipment
The cylindrical glass globe is dropped by a steel ball of 50 g (diameter cylindrical
approximately 23 mm from a height of 100 cm on the weakest part glass globe
considered of the cylindrical glass globe under the condition being fitted is not to be
on to the equipment and held horizontally. And, the cylindrical glass globe damaged
is applied the internal hydrostatic pressure of not less than 2,0 MPa for and is to
15 seconds. This test is, in principle, to be carried out on three test withstand
specimens and each of them is required to pass the test. the internal
hydrostatic
pressure.
Drop test
Not to be
for
The portable type apparatus is dropped three times on to the steel plate of impairer the
portable
6 mm in thickness from a height of 1,5 m by changing the position to collide. flame-
type
proofness
apparatus
The electric apparatus with light transparent windows or inspection windows is
poured by water at a temperature of 10 °C lower than the room temperature Not to cause
(minimum 5 °C) onto the electric apparatus after the electric apparatus has been cracks of
Thermal operated until the temperature of the light transparent material is saturated. This damage on
shock test test is, in principle, to be carried out on three test specimens and each of them the light
is required to pass the test. The test, however, may be omitted in case where the trans parent
light transparent material can be considered to have a little temperature rise and material
to pass the thermal shock test apparently judging from test results in the past.

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Table 3.23 Test methods and acceptance criteria for explosion-protected equipment (continued)
Acceptance
Types Test item Test method
criteria
not to exceed
The temperature rise of the parts in contact with explosive gas of the
the limit
intrinsically safe type electrical equipment is measured under the
specified in the
normal operational condition and under the maximum current or
Temperature temperature
voltage which can be generated in time of fault. The test, however,
rise test rise test of
may be omitted in case where the temperature rise of the apparatus
flameproof type
can be considered not to exceed the limit apparently judging from
electric
the test results in the past.
equipment
The intrinsically safe type electric equipment, at all parts of intrinsically
safe circuit, is to be carried out the spark ignition test specified in the
following (a) to (e) by using the lEC type spark ignition testing apparatus
to verify that any sparks in normal operation and abnormal condition
(short circuit, earth fault, breakage of cable, etc.) do not ignite explosive
gas or vapour specified in Table 3.21. This test applies to the first
product and may be omitted for the subsequent products of the same
manufacturer in case where the voltage or the current of the circuit
specified in the following (a) does not exceed that of the spark ignition
test circuit by 20 %.
(a) The spark ignition test is to be conducted in way of the circuit where
the maximum voltage or current can be generated in normal
operation and abnormal condition. For the safety barrier, however,
the test is to be conducted at the connecting terminals of the
Intrinsically
intrinsically safe circuit side by applying the intrinsically safe rated
safe type
voltage to the non-intrinsically safe circuit side. The intrinsically The intrinsically
electrical
safe rated voltage means the voltage generated in the non- safe type
equipment
intrinsically safe circuit in normal operation and abnormal condition electric
and the maximum voltage in the non-intrinsically safe circuit side of equipment, at
Spark
the safety barrier at which the intrinsical safety can be ensured. all parts of
ignition test
(b) The value of the testing voltage or the testing current is to be the intrinsically safe
value obtained from multiplying the maximum voltage or current in circuit, is to
normal operation and abnormal condition in the circuit to be pass the spark
intrinsical safe by the safety factor. The safety factor is, in principle, ignition test
to be 2.
(c) The number of revolutions of the testing equipment is to be more
than 200 times per each pole for the d.c. circuit and more than
1000 times for the a.c. circuit.
(d) The test gas is, in principle, to comply with either of the following:
(i) 1 Class: Propane-air mixture gas (5,25 ± 0,25 vol %)
(ii) 2 Class: Ethylene-air mixture gas (7,8 ± 0,5 vol %)
(iii) 3 Class: Hydrogen-air mixture gas (21 ± 2 vol %)
(e) The sensitivity of the spark ignition testing equipment before and
after the test is to be adjusted so that the maximum ignition current
becomes approximately 65 mA for ethylene-air mixture gas and
approximately 30 mA for hydrogen-air mixture gas when the sparks
are produced in the gas by inserting the testing equipment into the
electric circuit as shown in Figure below.

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Table 3.23 Test methods and acceptance criteria for explosion-protected equipment (continued)
Acceptance
Types Test item Test method
criteria

The intrinsically safe

type electric
equipment, at all
Spark
parts of intrinsically
ignition test
safe circuit, is to pass
the spark ignition
Intrinsically test
safe type
electrical
Not to be damaged
equipment
on the external
Portable type apparatus is dropped onto the steel plate of 6 mm
Drop test covers and not to
in thickness fixed on the floor from an effective height of 1,5 m.
for portable cause damage or
The test is to be carried out three times by changing the positions
type deformation in the
to collide which are selected as the weakest positions judging
apparatus internal circuit which
from the structural features of the test specimen.
may impair the
intrinsical safety
The temperature rise of the increased safe type The temperature rise of the all
electrical equipment is to comply with the following (a) parts which may be exposed to
to (d) by being continuously supplied under the rated explosive gas is not to exceed
voltage, the rated output or capacity. the limit given in Table below.
(a) Temperature rise of electrical equipment against Ignition
explosive gas G1 G2 G3 G4
group
The temperature rise of the all parts which may be Enclosures
exposed to explosive gas is measured. The and their 310 190 110 60
temperature rise of insulating windings and bulb parts
socket is to comply with the requirements of the Surface of
following (b) and (c). lamps
Tempera- (b) Temperature rise of insulating windings. The 350 300 250 150
lighting
ture rise temperature rise of the insulating windings used for fittings
test the electric equipment is to be 15°C lower than the
Increased value specified in Rules for Electrical Installation
safety type (Pt.1, Vol.IV) Sec. 20 A.4.3.4. The thermometer
electrical method may be used only when the resistance
equipment method is hardly applied.
(c) Temperature rise of bulb socket
The temperature rise of the rim and the soldered
part of the bulb is not to exceed 145°C.
(d) Temperature rise of leading part of external cable
The temperature rise of the cable entry points is not
to exceed 20°C and that of the branching points of
the conductor is not to exceed 30°C.
The protective lamp cover of the lighting fitting is The protective lamp cover of the
poured by a water jet with a diameter of approximately lighting fitting is not to be
1 mm and with a temperature of approximately 20oC damaged or cracked
Thermal
onto the parts having the highest temperature, after
shock test
applying the rated voltage to the maximum applicable
bulb until the temperature rise of the outside surface
of the protective lamp cover is saturated.

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Table 3.23 Test methods and acceptance criteria for explosion-protected equipment (continued)
Types Test item Test method Acceptance criteria
To comply with the
requirements of
waterproof test and is
to have the
waterproof
Waterproof The electrical equipment is to be tested according to the
performance
test requirements of test method for IPX4 specified in IEC 60529.
accordingly necessary
for the place where
the electrical
Increased equipment is intended
safety type to be installed.
electrical The lighting fittings are dropped by a steel ball (as the end of Not to be damaged
equipment object) of 25 mm in diameter and a mass specified in Table
below at the tip onto the weakest part considered from the
height specified in the Table, under the condition being fitted
Mechanical on a fixed table.
strength test Height of fall (m)
Mass of
of lighting Lamp
Electrical apparatus steel ball
fittings Enclosures Protective Guard
(kg)
cover
Incandaescent lights 1 - 0,7 -
and mercury lights 2 2 - 2
Fluorescent lights 1 2 0,7 2

The temperature rise

of the external parts of
the enclosure is not to
Temperature The temperature rise test is to be carried out in accordance
exceed the limit
rise test with that of flameproof type electrical equipment.
specified in table of
Pressurized the flameproof type
protective electrical equipment.
Type The internal pressure test is to comply with the followings. (a) The internal
electrical (a) Internal pressure maintaining test. pressure of the
equipment Being filled with the protective gas up to the specified value, equipment is to be
(sealed type (b) Operating test of protective device satisfactorily
Internal
only) The pressure of the protective gas falls below the specified maintained.
pressure
value. The test is, in principle, to be conducted for 5 times. (b)The device
test
indicating the
pressure fall is to
operate
satisfactorily.

3.4 Test method of switchgear

The details of test are to comply with the recognized code (IEC 60947-1, IEC 60947-2, IEC 62271-100 etc.).
Where deemed necessary, the ambient temperature may be modified.

3.5 Test method of Cables and accessories

3.5.1 Cables and insulated wires

1) The details of test are to comply with the recognized code IEC 60092-350, etc. given in Table 3.24. Where
deemed necessary, the ambient temperature may be modified.

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2) In addition to a. above, tests for vertical flame spread of vertically bunched cable are to be carried out
in accordance with IEC 60332-1 (single vertical insulated cable) or IEC 60332-3-22 (vertically-mounted
bunched cables).

Table 3.24 Type test item of cables

No. Test items IEC code
1 Visual inspection
2 Conductor resistance test IEC 60092-350, 5.2.2
3 Voltage test IEC 60092-350, 5.2.3
4 Insulation resistance IEC 60092-350, 6.9 & 7.2
5 Conductor examination IEC 60092-350, 6.4
6 Insulation thickness IEC 60092-350, 6.5 & 8.2
7 Non-metallic sheaths thickness IEC 60092-350, 6.6 & 8.3
8 External diameter IEC 60092-350, 6.7
9 Hot-set test for insulations and sheaths IEC 60092-350, 6.8
10 Increase in a.c. capacitance after immersion in water IEC 60092-350, 7.3
11 High voltage test for 4 h IEC 60092-350, 7.4
12 Mutual capacitance (control and instrumentation cables only) IEC 60092-350, 7.5
13 Inductance to resistance ratio (control and instrumentation cables only) IEC 60092-350, 7.6
14 Mechanical properties of insulation before and after ageing IEC 60092-350, 8.4
15 Mechanical properties of sheaths before and after ageing IEC 60092-350, 8.5
16 Compatibility test IEC 60092-350, 8.6
17 Loss of mass test on PVC insulation and PVC (ST1 and ST2) sheaths IEC 60092-350, 8.7
Test for the behaviour of PVC insulation and PVC (ST1 and ST2) and SHF1
18 IEC 60092-350, 8.8
sheaths at high temperatures (hot pressure test)
Test for the behaviour of PVC insulation and PVC sheath (ST1 and ST2) and
19 IEC 60092-350, 8.9
SHF1 and SHF2 sheaths at low temperature
20 Special test for low temperature behaviour (when required) IEC 60092-350, 8.10
21 Test of the metal coating of copper wires IEC 60092-350, 8.11
22 Galvanizing test IEC 60092-350, 8.12
Test for resistance of PVC insulation and PVC (ST1 and ST2) and SHF1
23 IEC 60092-350, 8.13
sheaths to cracking (heat shock test)
24 Ozone resistance test for insulation and for sheaths IEC 60092-350, 8.14
25 Oil immersion test for sheaths IEC 60092-350, 8.15
26 Mud drilling fluid test (when required) IEC 60092-350, 8.16
27 Fire tests IEC 60092-350, 8.17
28 Determination of hardness for HEPR and HF HEPR IEC 60092-350, 8.18
29 Determination of elastic modules for HEPR and HF HEPR IEC 60092-350, 8.19
30 Durability of print IEC 60092-350, 8.20

3.5.2 Sealing compound and packing systems for bulkhead and deck penetrations

The type test for sealing compound and packing systems for bulkhead and deck penetrations are in
accordance with AJ.

3.5.3 Busbar trunking system

.1 Testing

Test for busbar trunk are to be carried out in accordance with Table 3.25.

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Table 3.25 Test methods for busbar trunk

Kinds Type test method
Visual By visual inspection, it is to be verified that the test sample (e.g. prototype) is in compliance
inspection with the approved plan
The tests shall be according to the relevant parts of the following:
1. Temperature rise (IEC 61439-1/6, 10.10.2)
2. Short circuit strength (IEC 61439-1/6, 10.11.5)
3. Mechanical impact (IEC 61439-1/6, 10.2.6)
4. Ability to withstand mechanical loads (IEC 61439-1/6, 10.2.)
5. Insulation resistance test for main and auxiliary circuits (if applicable) Rules for
Electrical (Pt.1, Vol.IV) Sec.5
6. Power-frequency withstand voltage (IEC 61439-1, 10.9.2)
Electrical /mechanical 7. Impulse withstand voltage (IEC 61439-1, 10.9.3
tests 8. Clearance & creepage distances (IEC 61439-1, 10.4)
9. Verification of protection degree (IEC 60529)
10. Flame retardance test (if applicable) (IEC 60332-3-10)
11. Bulk head and deck penetration tests (if applicable) (see AJ)
12. Mechanical/particular characteristics of sheathing compounds (if applicable) (IEC
60092-350, IEC 60092-360 Table 6+8)
13. Smoke density test (if applicable) (IEC 61034-2)
14. EMC test (if containing electronic parts) (IEC 61000)
15. Terminals for external conductors (IEC 61439-1/6, 10.8)
Tests related to endurance and reliability of the product on board ships, e.g. vibration test,
shall take account of the environmental strains on board vessels.
In case of insufficient experience from service on board ships (or equivalent), the following
Environmental tests tests may be required as type tests:
Vibration test according to Sub-Section V. Table 3.34, No.8
Damp heat test according to Sub-Section V. Table 3.34, No.7
Salt mist test according to Sub-Section V. Table 3.34, No.13

.2 Application limitations

Limitation may apply with regard to watertightness and gastightness for bulkhead and deck penetration
modules. In some cases, evidence of torsion-resistant may be required

3.5.4 Cable trays/protective casings made of plastic materials

The type test for cable trays/protective casings made of plastic materials are in accordance with
Sub-Section U.3.3

3.6 Generator / mains supply protection devices

The tests shall be according to the relevant parts on Sub-Section V. Table 3.34.

3.7 Steering gear and rudder-propeller control systems

The tests shall be according to the relevant parts on Sub-Section V. Table 3.34.

3.8 Variable pitch propeller controls with all components

The tests shall be according to the relevant parts on Sub-Section V. Table 3.34.

3.9 Machinery control systems

The tests shall be according to the relevant parts on Sub-Section V. Table 3.34

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3.10 Ship's control and safety systems

The tests shall be according to the relevant parts on Sub-Section V. Table 3.34.

3.11 Electrically supplied LLL-systems

The test shall be according to the ISO 15370.

3.12 Monitoring, protection and management systems of battery systems.

The tests shall be according to the relevant parts on Sub-Section V. Table 3.34

3.13 Test method for rotating electrical machinery

3.13.1 Technical documentation check and visual inspection

Technical documentation of machines rated at 100kW and over is to be available for examination by the
Surveyor.

A visual examination is to be made of the machine to ensure, as far as is practicable, that it complies with
technical documentation

3.13.2 Measurement of winding resistance

The winding resistances shall be measured and recorded using an appropriate bridge method or voltage
and current method.

3.13.3 No load test

The fully assembled machines, including all control and supplementary elements (e.g. winding and bearing
temperature sensors, current and voltage transformers), shall undergo no load tests.

Machines are to be operated at no load and rated speed whilst being supplied at rated voltage and
frequency as a motor or if a generator it is to be driven by a suitable means and excited to give rated
terminal voltage.

During the running test, the vibration of the machine and operation of the bearing lubrication system, if
appropriate, are to be checked.

3.13.4 Load test and heat run test

For generators the voltage, and for motors the speed shall be checked as a function of the load.
A) The temperature rises are to be measured at the rated output, voltage, frequency and the duty
for which the machine is rated and marked in accordance with the testing methods specified in
IEC 60034-1:2017, or by means of a combination of other tests.
B) For the machine with rating for continuous running duty, a heat test shall be performed until
thermal equilibrium has been reached.
C) For the machine with rating for short-time duty, a heat test shall be performed whose duration
corresponds to the time given in the rating
D) For the machine with rating for periodic duty, a heat test shall be performed until the steady-
state temperature corresponding to the required mode of operation is reached. The steady-
state temperature pass for reached when the temperature rises by not more than 2 K per hour.
E) Machines with separate cooling fans, air filters and heat exchangers shall be tested together
with this equipment.

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F) An extrapolation of the measured values to the disconnection time (t = 0) is not necessary if the
reading takes place within the periods listed in Table 3.26.
G) The heat run shall be completed with the determination of the temperature rise. The maximum
permissible values shown in Table 3.27 shall not be exceeded.

Table 3.26 Time limits for data acquisition

Rated power Time elapsed after disconnection
[kW/kVA] [second]
up to 50 30
over 50 up to 200 90
over 200 up to 5000 120
over 5000 by agreement

Table 3.27 Permitted temperature-rises of air cooled machines at an ambient temperature of 450 oC
(difference values in K)
Method of Insulation class
No. Machinery component
measurement 3 A E B F1 H1
1 AC windings of machines R 55 70 75 100 120
2 Commutator windings R 55 70 75 100 120
Field windings of AC and DC machines with DC excitation,
3 R 55 70 75 100 120
other than those specified under 4
a) Field windings of synchronous machines with
cylindrical rotors having DC excitation winding,
R 85 105 125
embedded in slots except synchronous induction
4
motors
b) Stationary field windings of DC machines having
R 55 70 75 100 120
more than on layer
c) Low-resistance field windings of AC and DC machines
R
and compensation windings of DC machines having 55 70 75 95 115
Th
more than one layer
d) Single-layer field windings of AC and DC machines
R
with exposed bare or varnished metal surfaces and 60 75 85 105 125
Th
single-layer compensation windings of DC machines
5 Permanently short-circuited, insulated windings Th 55 70 75 95 115
The temperature rises of these parts shall in no
6 Permanently short-circuited, uninsulated windings case reach such values that there is a risk of injury
to any insulation or other material on adjacent
7 Iron cores and other parts not in contact with windings parts or to the item itself
8 Iron cores and other parts in contact with windings Th 55 70 75 95 115
9 Commutators and slip rings, open or enclosed Th 55 65 75 85 105
measured in the lower
10 Plain bearings bearing shell or in the oil 45
sump after shutdown
measured in the lubrication
Roller bearings Roller 45
11 nipple bore or near the
bearings with special grease 75
outer bearing seat
12 Surface temperature Reference 35 2
1 These values may need correction in the case of high-voltage AC windings.
2 Higher temperature rises may be expected on electrical machines with insulation material for high temperatures. Where
parts of such machinery may be accidentally touched and there is a risk of burns (> 80 °C), BKI reserves the right to request
means of protection such as a handrail to prevent accidental contacts.
3 R = resistance method, Th = thermometer method.

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H) Heat tests on machines of identical construction made not more than 3 years previously can be
recognized.
I) The referenced temperature rise shall be at least 10 % lower than that listed in Table 3.27.

The following tests shall be carried out at approximately normal operating temperatures.

3.13.5 Overload/overcurrent test

Overload test is to be carried out as a type test for generators as a proof of overload capability of generators
and excitation system, for motors as a proof of momentary excess torque. The overload test can be
replaced at routine test by the overcurrent test. The over current test shall be the proof of current capability
of windings, wires, connections etc. of each machine. The overcurrent test can be done at reduced speed
(motors) or at short circuit (generators).

The overload/overcurrent test shall be performed according to the following requirement:

Generators at 1,5 times the rated current for 30 s
for general purpose rotating machines, the withstand of the following excess torque shall be
demonstrated
for AC induction motors and DC motors, 1,6 times rated torque for 15 s, without stalling or abrupt
change in speed (under gradual increase of torque), the voltage and frequency being maintained at
their rated value
for AC synchronous machine with salient poles, 1,5 times rated torque for 15 s, without, without
falling out of synchronism, the voltage, frequency and excitation current being maintained at their
rated value
for AC synchronous machine with wound (induction) or cylindrical rotor, 1,35 times rated torque for
15 s, without, without falling out of synchronism, the voltage, frequency and excitation current being
maintained at their rated value
for general purpose rotating machine, the withstand of the following excess current shall be
demonstrated
for AC motors, 1,5 times rated current for not less than 2 min
for commutator machines, 1,5 times rated current for 60 s at highest full-field speed
for anchor windlass motors, at 1,5 times the rated torque for two minutes. Overload tests already
performed on motors of identical construction may be recognized.
The current of the operating stage corresponding to twice the rated torque shall be measured and
indicated on the rating plate.
The overload/overcurrent test is not necessary, if a BKI type test for motors and generators is
available.

3.13.6 Short-circuit test

It is to be verified that under steady-state short-circuit conditions, the generator with its voltage regulating
system is capable of maintaining, without sustaining any damage, a current of at least 3 times the rated
current for a duration of at least 2 s or, where precise data is available, for a duration of any time delay
which will be fitted in the tripping device for discrimination purposes.
In order to provide sufficient information to the party responsible for determining the discrimination
settings in the distribution system where the generator is going to be used, the generator
manufacturer shall provide documentation showing the transient behaviour of the short circuit
current upon a sudden short-circuit occurring when excited, and running at nominal speed. The
influence of the automatic voltage regulator shall be taken into account, and the setting parameters
for the voltage regulator shall be noted together with the decrement curve. Such a decrement curve

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-circuit protection is calculated.

for the generator and the voltage regulator may be used where this has been validated through the
previous type test on the same model.
A sudden-short-circuit test may be demanded
to determine the reactances
if there is any concern regarding mechanical and electrical strength.
Synchronous generators which have undergone a sudden-short-circuit test shall be thoroughly
examined after the test for any damage.

3.13.7 Overspeed test

As proof of mechanical strength, a two minute over speed test shall be carried out as follows:
for generators with their own drive, at 1,2 times the rated speed
for generators coupled to the main propulsion plant and not arranged in the main shafting, at 1,25
times the rated speed
for shaft generators arranged in the main shafting and whose construction makes testing
impracticable, proof by computation of mechanical strength is required
for motors with one nominal speed, at 1,2 times the no-load speed
for variable-speed motors, at 1,2 times the maximum no-load speed
for motors with series characteristics, at 1,2 times the maximum speed shown on the rating plate,
but at least at 1,5 times the rated speed

The overspeed test may be dispensed with in the case of squirrel-cage machines

3.13.8 Winding test (high-voltage test)

The test voltage shall be as shown in Table 3.28. It shall be applied for 1 minute for each single test.
The voltage test shall be carried out between the windings and the machine housing, the machine
housing being connected to the windings not involved in the test. This test shall be performed only
on new, fully assembled machines fitted with all their working parts.
The test voltage shall be a practically sinusoidal AC voltage at system frequency.
The maximum anticipated no-load voltage or the maximum system voltage is to be used as reference
in determining the test voltage

Table 3.28 Test voltages for the winding test

Test voltage (r.m.s.) dependent on rated
No. Machine or machinery component voltage U of the subject winding
1 Insulated windings of rotating machines of output less 2 U + 500 V
than 1 kW (kVA), and of rated voltages less than 100
V with the exception of those in items 4 to 8
2 Insulated windings of rotating machines of size less 2 U + 1000 V, with a minimum of 1500 V
than 10.000 kW (kVA), with the exception of those in
item 1 and items 4 to 8
3 Insulated windings of rotating machines of size 10.000 2 U + 1000 V
kW (kVA) or more with the exception of those in items
4 to 8 rated voltage up to 11.000 V
4 Separately excited field windings of DC machines 1000 V + twice the maximum excitation voltage
but not less than 1500 V

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Table 3.28 Test voltages for the winding test (continued)

Test voltage (r.m.s.) dependent on rated
No. Machine or machinery component
voltage U of the subject winding
5 Field windings of synchronous generators,
synchronous motors and rotary phase converters
rated field voltage 10 times rated field voltage, with a minimum of
up to 500 V 1500 V

over 500 V 4000 V + twice rated field voltage

When a machine is intended to be started with the 10 times the rated field voltage, minimum 1500
field winding short-circuited or connected across a V, maximum 3500 V
resistance of value less than ten times the resistance of
the winding
When the machine is intended to be started either 1000 V + twice the maximum value of the r.m.s.
with the field winding connected across a resistance of voltage, which can occur under the specified
value equal to, or more than, ten times the resistance starting conditions, between the terminals of the
of the winding, or with the field windings on open- field winding, or in the case of a sectionalized field
circuit with or without a field dividing switch winding between the terminals of any section,
with a minimum of 1500 V
6 Secondary (usually rotor) windings of induction motors
or synchronous induction motors if not permanently
short-circuited (e.g. if intended for rheostatic starting)

for non-reversing motors or motors reversible from 1000 V + twice the open-circuit standstill voltage
standstill only as measured between slip rings or secondary
terminals with rated voltage applied to the
primary windings
for motors to be reversed or braked by reversing the 1000 V + four times the open-circuit secondary
primary supply while the motor is running voltage as defined in item 6a)
7 Exciters (exception below) as for the windings to which they are connected
Exception 1:
Exciters of synchronous motors (including synchronous twice rated exciter voltage + 1000 V, with a
induction motors) if connected to earth or minimum of 1500 V
disconnected from the field windings during starting
Exception 2:
Separately excited field windings of exciters as under item 4
8 Assembled group of machines and apparatus A repetition of the tests in items 1 to 7 above
should be avoided if possible, but if a test on an
assembled group of several pieces of new
machines, each one of which has previously
passed its high-voltage test, is made, the test
voltage to be applied to such assembled group
shall be 80 % of the lowest test voltage
1 appropriate for any part of the group.1
Where a number of windings belonging to one or more machines are connected together, the test voltage is
dictated by the maximum voltage to earth which can occur.
Any repetition of the voltage test which may be necessary shall be performed at only 80 % of the
nominal test voltage specified in Table 3.28.
Electrical machines with medium voltage ratings shall be subjected to a lightning impulse withstand
voltage test acc. to IEC publication 60034-15. The test shall be carried out for the coils as a random
sample test.

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3.13.9 Insulation resistance measurement

The insulation resistance measurement shall be carried out at the end of the test sequence, with the
machine at operating temperature, if possible. Insulation resistance is to be measured between:
All current carrying parts connected together and earth
All current carrying parts of different polarity or phase, where both ends of each polarity or phase
are individually accesible

Minimum values of the measuring voltage and the insulation resistance shall be taken from Table 3.29.

Table 3.29 Minimum values for measurement voltage and insulation resistance
Rated voltage Measurement voltage Insulation resistance
[V] [V]
250 2 × Un 1

250 1000 500 1

1000 7200 1000

7200 15000 5000

The maximum anticipated no-load voltage or the maximum system voltage shall be taken for the rated
voltage.

3.13.10 Test of degree of protection

See Rules for Electrical Installations (Pt.1, Vol.IV) Sec. 1.K.

3.13.11 Bearing check

Upon completion of the above tests, machines which have sleeve bearings are to be opened upon request
for examination by BKI Surveyor, to establish that the shaft is correctly seated in the bearing shells.

3.13.12 Test of voltage regulator

See Rules for Electrical Installations (Pt.1, Vol.IV) Sec. 3.B.2

3.14 Transformer

3.14.1 Heat test

The test shall be performed to determine the temperature rise, which shall not exceed the maximum
permissible values shown in Table 3.30.

Temperature rise tests on transformers of identical construction and carried out not more than 3 years
previously may be recognized. The referenced temperature rise shall be 10 % below the values shown in
Table 3.30.

Table 3.30 Permissible temperature rise of transformer and reactance coil windings with an ambient
temperature of 45 0C
Insulation class A E B F H
Temperature rise [K] 55 70 75 95 120

The following tests shall be performed at approximately operating temperature.

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3.14.2 Induced overvoltage test

The windings shall be tested at twice the rated voltage and at increased frequency to verify that the
insulation between turns is sufficient and satisfactory.

The duration of the test shall be

rated frequency
120s
testf frequency

but not less than 15 seconds.

3.14.3 Short-circuit test

On request, the transformers, in co-operation with their protection device, shall be able to withstand
without damage the effect of external short-circuits.

3.14.4 Winding test

The test voltage shown in Table 3.31 shall be applied between the winding parts to be tested and all other
windings, which are to be connected to the core and the frame during the test.

The test voltage shall be applied for 1 minute.

Table 3.31 Test voltage for transformers and reactance coil windings
Maximum operating voltage Alternating withstand voltage
[V] [V]

3000
3600 10000
7200 20000
12000 28000
17500 38000

3.14.5 Determination of insulation resistance

The measurement of insulation resistance shall be carried out at the end of the test sequence with a DC
voltage of at least 500 V.

The insulation resistance shall be at least:

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