STUDY GUIDE
PROGRAM BDS
COURSE TITLE ORAL PATHOLOGY
ACADEMIC YEAR 3rd Year
INTRODUCTION “According to the American Dental Association: “Oral pathology is the
specialty of dentistry and discipline of pathology that deals with the
nature, identification, and management of diseases affecting the oral and
maxillofacial regions.” In other words, oral pathology is the science that
understands the causes and effects of these diseases. Common practices
include clinical examinations, lab testing, and taking the whole body
health and chemistry into consideration. *”
Oral Pathology is important because it provides the dental clinician with
the underlying basis of the condition so as to develop a focused
management plan.
RATIONALE This course will provide the students the basic understanding of
pathologies of the orofacial region and enhance their clinical diagnostic
skill based on the pathological information.
OUTCOMES By the end of the course, students will be able to diagnose common
dental conditions based on pathological information
DEPARTMENT Oral Pathology
INVOLVED
COURSE By the end of the course, the students will be able to:
OBJECTIVES DISTURBANCES IN NUMBER AND SIZE OF TEETH
Discuss the clinical, radiographic features and syndromes
associated with Anodontia,Hyperdontia, Hypodontia, Macrodontia
and Microdontia
DISTURBANCES IN FORM OF TEETH
Define Gemination, Fusion, Concrescence, Dens invaginatus, Dens
evaginatus, Enamel pearls, Taurodontism, Dilaceration,
Supernumerary roots
DISTURBANCES IN STRUCTURE OF TEETH
1|Page
Discuss the etiology, types and clinical, radiological and histological
features of Amelogenesis Imperfecta, Dentinogenesis Imperfecta,
Dentine dysplasia, Hypercementosis, Pulp calcifications and Internal
and external resorptions
DISCOLORATION OF TEETH
Explain the etiology and clinical features of exogenous and
endogenous discolorations of teeth.
NON BACTERIAL LOSS OF TOOTH SUBSTANCES
Discuss the etiological and clinical features of Attrition,Abrasion and
Erosion
Discuss the clinical and histological features of internal and external
resorption.
DISORDERS OF ERUPTION AND SHEDDING OF TEETH
Describe the Premature eruption, Premature loss, Retarded
eruption, Persistence of deciduous teeth and Impaction of teeth
DENTAL CARIES
Discuss the role of dental plaque, microorganisms, carbohydrates
and other variables in the development of dental caries.
Classify dental caries on the basis of site and rate of attack
Describe the course and histopathogenesis of dental caries
PULPITIS
Describe etiology of pulpitis.
Classify different types of pulpitis on the basis of clinical, histological
and radiographic findings.
Discuss Chronic hyperplastic pulpitis, Pulp Calcification and Pulp
Necrosis
SPREAD OF INFECTIONS
Discuss the spread of infection, pathogenesis, and clinical,
histopathological and radiographic features of the following
disorders/conditions:
- Acute and chronic periapical periodontitis
2|Page
- Periapical abscess
- Periapical granuloma
- Periapical cyst
- Osteomyelitis
- Cellulitis and Ludwig’s angina
CYSTS OF THE JAWS
Classify Odontogenic and non-odontogenic cysts of the jaws.
Describe the origin of odontogenic and non-odontogenic cyst of
the jaws.
ODONTOGENIC CYSTS
Compare the clinical, radiographic and histological features, and
pathogenesis of the following odontogenic cysts:
- Periapical (radicular)
- Dentigerous and eruption
- Odontogenic keratocyst;
- Gingival
- Lateral periodontal
- Calcifying odontogenic
- Glandular odontogenic
NON ODONTOGENIC CYSTS
Compare the clinical, radiographic and histological features, and
pathogenesis of the following non-odontogenic cysts:
- Nasopalatine
- Nasolabial
- Median
- Globulomaxillary
NON EPITHELIAL/PSEUDOCYSTS
Discuss the clinical, radiographic and histological features of
Traumatic bone cyst, Stafne’s bone cavity and Aneurysmal bone
cyst
ODONTOMES,ODONTOGENIC AND NON-ODONTOGENIC TUMORS
3|Page
Classify odontomes and odontogenic tumors.
Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical, histological and
radiographic features of the following odontogenic tumors:
- Ameloblastoma
- Squamous odontogenic tumors
- Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor
- Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor
- Ameloblastic fibroma
- Ameloblastic fibro odontome
- Odontoma
- Odontogenic fibroma;
- Odontogenic myxoma;
- Cementoblastoma
BACTERIAL INFECTYIONS
Describe the etiology, clinical and histopathological features of
following bacterial infections:
- Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
- Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis
- Noma
- Actinomycosis
- Syphilis
- Leprosy
- Tuberculosis
- Gonhrrhoea
VIRAL INFECTIONS
Describe the etiology, clinical and histopathological features of
following Viral infections:
- Herpetiic stomatitis
- Chickenpox and Herpes Zoster
- Herpangina
- Hand, foot and mouth disease
4|Page
- Infectious mononucleosis
- Measles
- Cytomegalovirus
FUNGAL INFECTIONS
• Classify fungal infections
• Describe the etiology, clinical and histopathological features of
following fungal infections:
- Candida species and opportunistic infections
- Pseudomembranous candidosis
- Erythematous candidosis
- Chronic hyperplastic candidosis
- Candida-associated denture stomatitis
- Candida- associated and other forms of angular cheilitis
- Median rhomboid glossitis
- Chronic mucocutaneous candidoses and oral manifestations
of deep visceral mycoses
ULCERATIVE CONDITIONS
Classify oral ulcerations
Describe the clinical and histopathological features of aphthous
ulcers and behcet’s syndrome.
VESICULLOBULLOUS CONDITIONS
Classify vesiculobullous diseases
Discuss the clinical, histopathological features of following
vesiculobullous diseases:
- Pemphigus vulgaris;
- Mucous membrane pemphigoid;
- Pemphigoid.
- Erythema multiforme.
- Dermatitis Herpetiformis
- Linear IgA disease
- Epidermolysis bullosa
5|Page
- Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita
- Angina bullosa haemorrhagica
HEREDITARY WHITES LESIONS
Classify white lesion of oral mucosa according to their etiology.
Explain the following hereditary white lesions:
- Oral epithelial nevus
- Leukoedema
- Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis
- Follicular keratosis
REACTIVE WHITE LESIONS
Describe Frictional hyperkeratosis, Nicotine stomatitis, Hairy
leukoplakia and Hairy tongue.
PRENEOPLASTIC WHITE LESIONS
Discuss the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, histopathology
and prognosis of the following lesions:
- Leukoplakia;
- Oral Submucous fibrosis;
- Lichen planus;
- Lupus erythematosus;
- Actinic cheilitis.
NEOPLASTIC LESIONS
Define Carcinoma in situ
Discuss the etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features,
histopathology and prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma.
Describe staging and grading of squamous cell carcinoma
Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features,
histopathology of basal cell carcinoma.
VASCULAR LESIONS
Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, and
histopathology of congenital hemangioma.
REACTIVE LESIONS
6|Page
Discuss the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, and
histopathology of the following reactive lesions:
- Pyogenic granuloma
- Peripheral giant cell granuloma
- Peripheral Fibroma
- Generalized Gingival Hyperplasia
- Denture Induced Fibrous Hyperplasia
FORDYCE’S GRANULES
Define Fordyce’s Granules
List clinical features of fordyce’s granules
SUBLINGUAL VARICES
Define Sublingual varices
GEOGRAPHIC TONGUE
• Define Geographic tongue
• Describe clinical, pathogenesis, and histological features of
geographic tongue
CROHN’S DISEASE
• Define Crohn’s Disease
• Describe clinical, pathogenesis, and histological features of Crohn’s
disease
SARCOIDOSIS
Define Sarcoidosis
Describe clinical, pathogenesis, and histological features of
Sarcoidosis
WEGENER’S GRANULOMATOSIS
• Define Wegener’s Granulomatosis
• Describe clinical, pathogenesis, and histological features of
Wegener’s Granulomatosis
AMYLOIDOSIS
• Define Amyloidosis
• Describe clinical features of Amyloidosis
7|Page
ORAL PIGMENTATION
• Classify oral pigmentation
• Describe the clinical and histological features of oral lesions caused
by exogenous and endogenous pigmentation.
REACTIVE LESIONS OF SALIVARY GLAND
Discuss the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features and
histopathology of the Mucous extravasation phenomenon, Mucus
retention cyst and Necrotizing sialometaplasia.
BACTERIAL AND VIRAL INFECTIONS OF SALIVARY GLAND
Discuss the pathogenesis, clinical and diagnostic features of the
following infections/condition of salivary glands:
- Mumps
- Bacterial sialadenitis
- Sarcoidosis
- Sjogren’s syndrome
- Xerostomia
- Cytomegaloviral sialadenitis
SALIVARY GLAND TUMORS
Classify salivary gland tumors
Discuss the pathogenesis and clinical and diagnostic features of the
following salivary gland tumors:
- Pleomorphic adenoma;
- Warthin tumor;
- Basal cell adenoma;
- Oncocytoma;
- Canalicular adenoma;
- Mucoepidermoid carcinoma;
- Acinic cell carcinoma;
- Adenoid cystic carcinoma.
INHERITED AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS OF BONE
Classify disorders of bone
8|Page
Discuss the etiology, clinical features and radiographic features of
Cherubism, Osteopetrosis and Cleidocranial dysplasia.
FIBRO-OSSEOUS LESIONS
Classify fibro-osseous lesions
Describe the etiology, clinical features, pathogenesis and
histological behavior of various fibro-osseous lesions.
METABOLIC AND ENDOCRINAL DISORDERS OF BONE
Discuss the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical, radiographic, and
histological features of following metabolic conditions/disorders:
- Paget’s disease
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Hypothyroidism
- Hyperthyroidism
- Hypophosphastasia
CENTRAL GIANT CELL GRANULOMA
Discuss the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical, radiographic, and
histological features of central giant cell granuloma
TUMORS OF BONE
Classify bone tumors
Discuss the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical and diagnostic features
of the following bone tumors:
- Osteoma and osteoblastoma;
- Osteosarcoma;
- Ossifying fibroma.
DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
Discuss Aplasia, Hyperplasia and Hypoplasia of mandibular condyle
INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS
Describe Traumatic arthritis, Infective arthritis and rheumatoid
arthritis
OSTEOARTHRITIS
Explain the etiology and clinical features of osteoarthritis
9|Page
FUNCTIONAL DISORDERS
Discuss the etiology and clinical features of myofacial pain
dysfunction syndrome and disc displacement.
INTERNAL 10% (Pre-professional Examination, Midterm Examination, Assignments and
ASSESSMENT Class Presentations)
ANNUAL 90% (MCQS, OSPE)
EXAMINATION
*.https://www.granburydentalcenter.com/blog/hot-on-the-trail-with-oral-
pathology/#:~:text=According%20to%20the%20American%20Dental,that%20understands%20the%20ca
uses%20and
10 | P a g e
