INTRODUCTION

The Sultan Kudarat State University ACCESS Campus, EJC Montilla,

Tacurong City College of Agriculture Bachelor of Agricultural Technology (BAT),

aim to produce graduates who are equip with scientific knowledge and know all

technical aspects in the field of agriculture. In partial fulfillment of the course, the

student underwent On-the-Job training in different private organization, non-

government organizations, and government agencies to have an actual

application of the knowledge acquired in the school.

This practicum training helps us in the preparation of future professionals

for our future job. What students learned from practicum training, can be applied

when already working. Student will be trained not only academically but socially

as well. The way they work and communicate with others will not be a problem

anymore. It also gives them the chance to immerse themselves in their chosen

field and experience and learn the skills necessary to the industry they are

interested in.

Internship helps students how a job work and provide sufficient knowledge

to the field they have chosen. It is one way by which students are

allowed to apply the theories and computation that they have learned from

school. It also helps them to obtain applicable knowledge and skill by performing

in actual work setting, through exposure in hands-on work setting, to the process

of work task, tools and method of a specific job. It can be a powerful tool for a

person in preparing for the next chapter of life as a professional.

1
 Working with other staff, one will be able to observe how the job is done

properly. Aside from work experience, On the Job training allows us to get

acquainted with the real professional having different positions in the company,

either high or low. We will be able to know how to adjust to other people’s

personalities and attitudes.

Hence, we choose Southeast Asia Regional Initiatives for Community

Empowerment-CONSERVE, as our training ground.

I. ORGANIZATION

A. COMPANY PROFILE

SEARICE is a regional non-government organization that promotes

sustainability agro-ecological production system with emphasis on the

conservation and development of agricultural biodiversity and advocates for

policies that recognize, support, strengthen, and institutionalize community

initiatives on agro-ecology Production systems. It implements projects in

partnership with government agencies, civil society organizations, and local

government units in Bhutan, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Philippines,

Thailand, Vietnam, and Timor-Leste.

SEARICE, a regional institution, grew through partnerships and alliances.

It works in partnership with local and national groups in the countries where it is

present, to implement regional field programs at country level. SEARICE holds its

office in the Philippines and has implemented programs and projects in several

countries in Southeast Asia (as well as in one country in South Asia and three

2
countries in West Africa). In most cases, SEARICE partners with government

agencies or academic institutions with the necessary technical expertise for

project implementation and management. It also seeks an NGO partner who is

responsible for financial management of the project in the country while at the

same time supporting project communities. The partnerships aimed to enhance

the capacities of development professionals and local institutions to enable them

to support community plant genetic resources conservation, development and

use (PGR CDU).

Goals: Empowerment of rural farming communities toward the realization of

farmers’ rights and sustainable agriculture and livelihood systems; Intensified

advocacy and campaigns for and with farmers and other stakeholders.

Strengthening the resilience of farmers through the transformation of their food

production system; Create an enabling policy environment for participative and

farmer-centered agricultural development; Develop resiliency of farming

communities to address their vulnerabilities to the impacts of climate change.

SEARICE Mindanao

Community Based Native Seeds Research Center (CONSERVE): an

Organizational Initiative, established in 1992 at President Roxas, North Cotabato.

It aims to bring back the role of farmers in agricultural research and access plant

genetic resources (PGR/seeds) and Works in partnership with farmers through

participatory approach in on-farm participatory research on seeds conservation,

3
development and use. SEARICE CONSERVE where over 800 traditional rice

varieties and over 300 farmer-bred varieties were documented and preserved.

Has 1.7-hectare farm for 30 years, located 1.2 kilometers from the

Poblacion. It comprises a learning farm (rice field for research) of about 0.25

hectare and 0.75 hectare for mass production (Figure 1). On the remaining 0.7

hectare are three structures, namely: two-story office and library (Figure 2),

cottages (Figure 3), and kitchen (Figure 4).

Figure 1. Rice field for Mass Production Figure 2. Two-story Office and Library.
& Research.

Figure 3. Cottages Figure 5. Kitchen.

II. PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY

A. PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES – the seeds o ‘binhi’ is the basic natural

resource for farmers essential for production (other than water, land), a

source of diversity: important for the evolution and adaptation of species,

carries technology, knowledge, skills and culture of farmers. SEARICE

4
 promotes conservation, development and sustainable use of seeds. Seed

flow and management shown below (Figure 6).

SEED
COLLECTIONS/
DRYING, ACCESSIONING
SORTING,
CLEANING
VARIETAL/LINE
EVALUATION,
CHARACTERIZATION
& SEED INCREASE

ADAPTATION TRIAL,
Seed Seed FARMER PARTNER
PURIFICATION FIELD EVALUATION
BANKING AND SELECTION

Seed
DISTRIBUTION

MONITORING
&
DISTRIBUTION

Figure 6. Flow of Plant Genetic Resources Conservation

Development and Use (PGR-CDU).

 Active Seed Collection

Collect varieties/lines from different areas, or farmers of different agro-

ecosystems (upland and lowland) for conservation, development and utilization.

Put the accession number/name as well as all information of PGR collected. The

5
passport data to be recorded are based on the information gathered during

collection of materials.

 Drying, Sorting, Cleaning

Proper drying and gradual reduction of moisture content is important to

attain longer seed life and obtain better longevity seeds. Air drying for 7-10 days

by simply hanging can be advantageous to lower moisture content by 14%. Avoid

long or direct exposure to sunlight as this result to sudden reduction of water

content in the seeds that injures the embryo and reduces the longevity of the

seeds. Clean all collected seeds by winnowing, remove all infected seeds with

pests and diseases including shriveled, cracked, empty grains, weed seeds and

other debris. After cleaning, prepare the seeds for germination testing and

planting for varietal evaluation, characterization and seed increase.

 Varietal Evaluation, Characterization and Seed Increase

Evaluate and characterize all collected PGR materials for agronomic

characteristics for two cropping’s (Wet/Dry) seasons. Gather all and basic

agronomic data that serves as the identity of the variety for data base purposes.

Increasing of materials are based on the quantity of remaining seeds for back up

and distribution to FFS partners/sites and farmer and non-farmer partners.

 Seed Purification

6
 Purify all promising and good characteristics varieties for mass production

to have a backup seeds, and for distribution to FFS sites/areas, farmer partners

and non-partners for selection, breeding, adaptation and utilization. Purification

process can be done by removing all undesirable plants or mixed plants in the

field from vegetative phase until harvesting stage. This is important to maintain

the generic purity of the variety, and to produce good and high quality seeds.

 Seed storing/banking

There are two (2) types of storage conditions; the BASE and ACTIVE

collections. Base collection is maintained in gene bank (long term storage) serve

as the back-up seeds. After seed increase, evaluation and characterization of all

PGR collected, separate one pack at 100 grams each varieties with 6-8%

moisture content, to be stored in cold storage gene bank for back up and for

regeneration and maintenance of seeds if the active collection falls or degrade

after five to ten years or more.

Active collection seeds is maintained in community seed bank (consist of

jars, bottles, pales) that are used for distribution to farmers partners, FFS project

partners/sites and other PO/networks for evaluation, adaptation and use as

parent materials for breeding efforts. All PGR collected will undergo evaluation

every other cropping seasons (Wet and Dry) to test the adaptability and agro-

morphology traits in terms of quantitative and qualitative characteristics.

 Adaptation trial, farmer partner field evaluation and selection

7
 Farmer level adaptation trials in various agro-ecosystems is important to

evaluate the materials in terms of adaptability, reaction to pests and diseases,

and other biotic and abiotic characteristics. It helps farmers to enhance their

selection capacity in discovering specific variety that is adaptable to their local

environment and climate.

 Seeds distribution

Distribution of seeds can be done through project partners, farmers,

networks, and other agencies to be used for breeding, adaptation trial and for

capacity building processes such as FFS and FFD. Only 25-30 grams of seeds

per variety/lines will be given per requesting parties. Basic information included

during distribution are variety/line name, maturity, endosperm type, pest and

disease susceptibility and special uses. Materials Transfer Agreement (MTA)

must be secured to assure and remind recipients’ of their responsibilities and

limitations upon accepting the materials.

 Monitoring and Documentation

Documentation starts from the farmer-partners. With the help of

monitoring facilitators, written documentation shall be secured. Basic

documentation information shall be distributed and collected after every cropping

period.

8
Figure 7. Seed banking management activities.

9
SEARICE-CONSERVE Base Seed Collection
The collection of germplasm duly maintained in gene banks, field gene

banks or any institution undertaking conservation activities thereof through

regeneration and multiplication or rather conservation and utilization are valuable

source of genetic variability useful in crop improvement in yield by farmers

especially in on-farm research activities as well as for scientific studies. The

conservation of these materials is of little importance if there is no information

about their origin and basic morpho -agronomic characteristics available to users.

Therefore, characterizations and descriptions for every collection are well

recorded and documented. Characterization is a systematic study of the

technical attributes of the collected materials in respect to quantitative and

qualitative characters. This is carried out using descriptor list which is an

assemblage of an attribute or character observed in the vegetative and floral

organs of living plants.

The CONSERVE base seed collection is composed of traditional, farmer-

developed (farmer bred and farmer selection), and other seed collections from

the farmers in the Philippines as well as to other SEARICE regional partner

countries. The concept of base seed collection is for medium-term storage, with

limited amount of seeds. Seeds collection should be kept for 20-50 years in the

cold storage.

10
 Methods of Regeneration in Rice

TRIAL DRY SEASON 2024

Rice is the most important cereal crop, and the staple food of more than

half the world’s population. We regenerate rice at SEARICE CONSERVE in the

dry season with 103 lines of traditional, farmers bred and selection.

Labelling. Generate a seed list containing plot numbers and accession numbers.

Mark envelopes or seed packets for planting with the corresponding plot number.

Mark the entries on the seedbed with 20cm wooden labels (or equivalent)

bearing entry numbers printed in paint.

Figure 8. Preparing of wooden sticks used as tagging entry number per lines/variety.

11
Planting layout. Depending on the

percentage germination and the required

amount of seeds, around 50 seeds will be

enough per lines for the dry season trial

2024. Number field plots from left to right

and right to left in alternating rows. Each

plot should have eight 5-m long rows Figure 9. Field lay-outing.

spaced 25cm apart. Transplant single seedlings 25cm apart, filling 25 hills per

lines/variety. Leave two rows vacant between plots.

Sowing method.

a. Sow seeds in seedbeds evenly along

the rows taking care not to submerge

the bed so as to avoid mixing seeds

between rows. Monitor and control

any seedling pests. Figure 10. Sowing of rice seeds.

b. Transplant seedlings by hand into the

field plots in straight lines 18–30 days after sowing. Attach the relevant

tags to the bunches. After planting out the seedlings attach the tags to

bamboo stakes (or equivalent) to serve as field plot labels.

12
 Figure 11. Transplanting of seedlings by hand.

Weed management. Weed competitions for nutrient always result in significant

yield lost. It is therefore necessary to inspect field regularly and weeds as and

when to minimize competition for nutrients, especially before fertilizer is applied,

and to maintain field sanity. Effective weed management in transplanted rice

begins with a good irrigation within 5 days after transplanting and good land

preparation. Hand weed at 21 to 30 days after transplanting before applying

fertilizer. Spot-weed when necessary.

Figure 12. Hand weeding is done after 21 and 30 days.

13
Pest and fertilizer application. Apply fertilizer by the growth stage to maximize

its influence to each yield component such as at the beginning of active tillering

stage, panicle formation stage, and meiotic stage with liquid smoke at the ration

of 16 liter of water and 200mL of concentrated liquid smoke. Pest is controlled

through applying liquid smoke, in 16 liters of water and 300 mL of concentrated

liquid smoke.

Figure 13. Applying fertilizer and pest control with liquid smoke.

Characterization. Both quantitative and qualitative characters were undertaken

wherein 5 characters were under quantitative and 21 characters under

qualitative.

A quantitative character refers to the attributes or characters observe in

the vegetative and floral organs that can be quantify or measured in quantity. An

example is plant height, days to heading and other quantifiable characters.

A qualitative character refers to qualify attributes in the vegetative and

floral organs. This is usually recorded in codes (numbers or letters) which are

useful to classify the measurement of the accessions into board groupings. An

14
example of which are leaf blade color, flag leaf color, Culm strength, panicle type

and others.

15
Harvesting. Harvesting is done 28 to 35 days after flowering or at 80% maturity

of the spikelets. Cut panicles and place them in clean cloth bags with tags

indicating plot number and date. Some other accessions may also need to be

harvested by individual panicle, due to variation in maturity within the accession.

This will avoid pre-harvest sprouting for nondormant entries as well as

deterioration to early maturing in the population (i.e. genetic drift).

Figure 15. Harvesting of trial dry season 2024.

Post-harvest management

Seed cleaning. Manual threshing and winnowing is done through “linas”

and “pagtatahip” in harvested panicles. Clean grains initially by blowing off inert

matter, weed seed and half-filled grains and then transfer to net bags along with

shipping tags marked with the plot number and date of harvest. Clean and select

seed manually at 40–50% RH and 22°C to eliminate poor quality seeds and off-

types.

16
 Seed drying. Sun drying was done in the seeds per lines with tag at 15°C

and 15% RH for about 1 week to bring them to 8–10% moisture content.

Alternatively, air-dry them for 3–4 weeks in a well-ventilated room, preferably with

electric fans and dehumidifiers under 15–25°C to bring them to 11–13% moisture

content. Transfer dry seeds to paper bags for storage.

Figure 16. Post-harvest management – Linas, pagtatahip, and sun drying of harvested
rice.

17
B. LIQUID SMOKE or WOOD VINEGAR

A product from carbonization of agricultural waste or a result of

condensation or pyrolysis (decomposition brought by high temperature).

The exhaust smoke from this charcoal production is condensed

(cooled) into a liquid – this condensate then further separates into Tar,

Vinegar and Bio-Oil. Wood vinegar contains more than 200 constituents such

as acetic acid, methanol, phenol, ester, acetals, ketone, formic acid and many

others.

It has being used extensively in Japan and throughout Asia for several

decades for all sorts of uses and replacement of synthetic chemicals.

Types of Liquid smoke

A. Unrefined liquid smoke or unprocessed contains of :

 light closely related to diesel fuel and kerosone

 tar- produced from coal, wood, petroleum or peat

B. Purified liquid smoke - removed dirt or harmful substance that can

cause contamination. It contains 200 chemical components divided into

different groups:

 Alcohol (Methanol, Ethanol (ethyl alcohol), Isopropyl and etc.)

 Acid (Acetic, Formic, Propionic, etc)

 Phenol (Guaiacol Syringol, Cresol, etc)

 And other substance such as acetone, formaldehyde, pyridine,

methyl amine, ammonia, etc.

18
Materials used:

Aluminum basin, Elbow pipe Bucket

Furnance and Steel drum, Bamboo pipe

Rice hull, madre de cacao, lemon grass, coconut

husk, bunot, banana bunch, etc.

19
COLLECTION PROCESS OF LIQUID SMOKE OR MOKUSAKU

1) Put the collected organic materials into the furnace and drum layer by layer
accordingly.
2) Cover with an aluminum basin the furnace and drum, place on the top of
aluminum basin and the steel pipe and attach bamboo pipe for the passage
the smoke. This smoke will pass through the bamboo pipe and it becomes
liquid when it cools down.
3) Put muds on all holes where the smoke comes out, so that the only smoke
only comes out on bamboo pipe.
4) Light the furnance so it could starts burning.
5) From the bamboo pipe the liquid will be collected into the vessel or container.

1. 2.

3. 4.

5.

Figure 17. Step by step procedure of liquid smoke making.

20
BASIC USES OF LIQUID SMOKE OR WOOD VINEGAR

1. Enriching the soil or Soil Conditioning

 Ratio: Dilute 1 liter liquid smoke: 200 liters water Sprinkle it to the soil

before planting

 Application rate: 1 liter solution for every square meter of planting area

2. Applying to Compost

 Ratio: Dilute 1 liter liquid smoke: 50 liters water Sprinkle it to

composting materials. Liquid smoke makes compost ferment more

quickly and reduces gaseous ammonia.

 Application rate: 50 liters of solution to one (1) ton.

3. Fertilization of plantation crops, vegetables and ornamental crops to promote

growth

 Ratio: Dilute 1 liter liquid smoke: 200 liters water Spray it onto the

leaves once a month.

 Dilution can be increased to 300 liters water during the succeeding

application.

4.Seed Germination

 Ratio: Dilute 1 liter liquid smoke: 200 liters water then soak the seeds

for 24 hours to the plant.

5.Insect pest Repellant

 Ratio: Dilute 1 liter liquid smoke: 50 liters water and spray

21
6.Foliar spray/application

 Ratio: 1 liter liquid smoke: 200 liters water and spray to the plants at the

rate of ½ liter of dilution per square meter of effective planted area.

7. Pesticide/ Fungicide Application

 Ratio: 1 liter liquid smoke: 100 liters water

 Plant (body) parts and leaves become resistant to fungus and insect.

Application

 Once a week

 3 times spray/crop as needed

Fermentation for 2-3months

 1 liter liquid smoke: 100g (chili, neem oil, bawang, luya, etc.)

 Mix once a week the fermented materials

 Spray the solution once it was harvested 100ml: 10-50liter water

8. Herbicide

 Ratio: 1 liter liquid smoke: 50 liters water and spray to the grass

9. Feeds additive

 0.1% or 10ml Liquid smoke : 1 liter water use as drinking water of

chicken and goat- mix also in feeds

10. Deodorizer/Odor Remover or Disinfectant

 Ratio: Dilute 1 liter liquid smoke: 20 liters water and spray to the

substrate subject to odor removal or to the surface for cleaning or

disinfection.

22
C. BREEDING

CORN VARIETY DEVELOPMENT

Varieties of different crops undergo different processes/methods of

development. Generally, they are improved through selection and breeding.

Desirable characteristics are being incorporated from a single variety to another

variety. HYBRID CORN development involves the crossing of two, three, or four inbred

lines which is called hybridization. Development of inbred line, an inbred line is a

homozygous breeding line developed and maintained by self-pollination. It is the process

of reduction of vigor and size in corn with successive generations of breeding.

Methods of Corn Breeding

 SELFING. Self-pollination, the silks of an ear are pollinated by pollen from the same

plant.

 FULL-SIB. It is produced by crossing two unrelated individuals.

Types of Hybrid Corn

 Single Cross Hybrid. Hybrid plants result from the crossing of two genetically

different plants or inbreed lines (F1 hybrid).

 Three-way cross hybrid. Involved three inbred line parents.

 Double cross hybrid. Involved four inbred lines parents.

 Open Pollinated (OPV). Open Pollinated or synthetic variety is a broad genetic

base. A variety which is produced by crossing in all combination number of inbred

lines that combine well with each other. Once synthesized, it is maintained by open-

pollination in isolation.

23
Hand Pollination. Because corn pollen can travel a quarter mile or more on the

wind, and because corn is grown in nearly every region of the Philippines, it is

often unreliable to depend on isolation by distance when trying to save true-to-

type seed from a corn variety. Thus precautions should be taken to prevent

hybridization when saving seed from corn. The most reliable and easiest method

is hand pollination.

When to bag shoots: Begin scouting for and bagging

young ears, called shoots, when tassels begin to

emerge. To find shoots, look for husk leaves along the

stem where silks will soon begin to emerge from the

tiny ears. Learning to identify and bag ears is essential

to the hand-pollination process. Once silks are visible,

they may already be contaminated with foreign pollen,

Figure 18. Bagging of ear.
so ears must be bagged before silks emerge.

When to bag tassels: As the tassels emerge from the top of the plant and

mature, the lateral branches begin to droop away from the main stalk and

become horizontal. Once the anthers (usually red or yellow and smaller than a

grain of rice) start to emerge along the tips of the lateral branches and the main

branch of the tassel, the tassel is ready for bagging. Anthers may close up during

the hottest part of the day and then reopen in the afternoon or evening.

24
Therefore, the best time to bag tassels is in late afternoon the day before

pollination.

Bagging the tassels. Once tassels are producing pollen, they can be bagged.

Grab the stalk just below the tassel and shake vigorously,

ensuring that no foreign pollen, anthers, or dead pollen are

left on the tassel before bagging. Pull all of the branches of

the tassel upward and together, placing the brown “tassel

bag” over the entire tassel. Pull the bag down far enough

that it can be attached to the tassel stalk. Fold the opening of

the bag so that pollen will not fall out of the bottom (see Inset

1 for instructions). Staple or paper clipping the bag shut right

beside the stalk so that it is tightly fastened around the stalk

and does not allow the powdery pollen to fall out of the Figure 19. Bagging of
the tassel.
bag.

Collecting Pollen. Pollination should take

place in the morning after anthers have opened

and any dew has evaporated. Be sure to wait

until tassel bags are completely dry. Bend the

stalk of the bagged plant at a slight downward

angle, making sure not to bend too far and

break the tassel or the plant. Give the tassel

bag a vigorous shake in order to dislodge as Figure 20. Collecting of pollen.

25
much of the pollen from the anthers as possible. Keeping the stalk bent at the

downward angle, unfasten the staple and gently shake the tassel to dislodge

even more pollen while removing the bag.

Pollinating. Pollination should be done quickly and precisely to avoid

contamination of silks by airborn pollen. Good quality pollen will by powdery with

very little clumping. Try and spread the harvested pollen out evenly to waiting

ears. Mentally estimate the amount of pollen available for each pollination. Stand

upwind of the ear that is about to be pollinated to block airborn pollen and

remove the shoot bag from each ear only when it is time to sprinkle the pollen

onto the silks. Sprinkle a dash of pollen onto the silks, applying enough so that

the pollen is just visible on the silks. Additionally, make sure to sprinkle the pollen

uniformly, not dumping all of the pollen onto one spot on the silks.

2
Figure 21. Pollination –Quick but carefully, springkle pollen from the glassine bag on
to all of the silks on each ear.

26
Covering the Ears. Recover the ear with a brown

tassel bag used to collect the pollen, wedging the

back of the bag between the ear and the stalk, into

the old slit. Pull the bag’s bottom corners around the

stalk as if it were an apron and staple them so that

the bag is secured to the stalk. Make sure it is tight

enough that it still not blow off, but loose enough to

Figure 22. Re- cover the ears
allow the ear to develop. using a used bag to prevent
contamination by wind-blown
pollens.

RICE BREEDING
(Oryza sativa)

Emasculation - the process of extracting the anther from the male part (stamen).

It must be performed during the afternoon (3:00 PM to 5:00 PM) where the

anthers are not shedding pollen grains and the female is not receptive. Rice is

ready for emasculation when the panicle is about 50 to 60% emerged from the

boot. Florets (or spikelets) are ready for emasculation after emergence from the

boot and prior to flower opening.

 Remove the flag leaf sheath carefully to avoid breaking of the stem.

 With the use of fine scissors, remove all pollinated and immature spikelets.

Pollinated spikelets appear translucent and often have anthers clinging

outside while immature spikelets are mostly found at the base of the panicle.

27
 Remove the spikelets from the panicle if the anthers are more than 1/2 of the

length of the spikelet (these spikelets have already been pollinated). Remove

the spikelets from the panicle if the anthers are at the lower end of the

spikelet (these spikelets are immature). The middle part of the panicle will be

emasculated.

 Cut the spikelets obliquely

(from the middle part to the top

of each spikelet. Removal of

the anthers will be easier

because of the bigger

opening).

 Remove all six anthers (6) Figure 23. Cutting of spikelets, extracting the
anther from the male part (stamen).
carefully. Use a needle or fine

tooth pick or forceps (Figure 23). Gently press the anthers with the tip of a

prong or needle against the side of the spikelet and lift them out. Do not injure

the pistil. Emasculate 25-50 spikelets. The variety with the emasculated

spikelets is called the female parent variety.

 Cover the emasculated spikelets with a labeled glassine bag (to protect the

pistil, prevent contaminants from entering the spikelet, and prevent the pollen

of other varieties from pollinating the pistil). The label must include the initials

of the breeder name of the female parent variety and the date of

emasculation.

28
  Fold the bottom edge of the glassine bag over and secure it with a paper

clip. Do not place the paper clip on the stem as this may injure the stem.

Pollination - the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma. In rice

hybridization, pollination involves the transfer of pollen grains from the anther (of the

male parent variety) to the stigma (of the female parent variety). This is often done

the morning after emasculation from 9:00 AM to 12:00 NOON where the stigma is

very receptive and where the anthers are shedding pollen grains.

 Place the male pollinator in a glass of water with the stem immersed then

leave under direct sunlight. Wait for the spikelets to bloom or open.

 Remove the glassine bag that covers the emasculated spikelets. Pollinate the

emasculated spikelets. Pollination may be done in two ways: By shaking the

male pollinator over the emasculated spikelets. Lift the male pollinator from

the water, place over the emasculated spikelets then shake gently, letting the

pollen grains fall to the emasculated spikelets.

29

Figure 24. Shaking of male pollinator over the emasculated rice plant.
 Cover the emasculated spikelets with a labeled glassine bag (to protect

the pistil, to prevent contaminants from entering the spikelet and to prevent the

pollen of other varieties from pollinating the pistil). The label must include the

initials of the breeder, name of the female parent variety and date of

emasculation. Place the glassine bag over the pollinated panicle and secure with

a paper clip.

If pollination is successful, the ovary should begin to swell in 3 or 4 days.

The spikelets may be observed 4 or 5 days after pollination but remember to

cover the spikelets with the glassine bag after the inspection (to protect the seed

from pests and diseases).

Figure 25. Result of the breeding with different parents and labelled glassine.

30
 VEGETABLE BREEDING

BREEDING LEGUMES
String Beans
Floral Morphology
 3 types of petal (standard petal, wing petal and keel)
 One stigma
 10 stamens
 Self-pollinating and cleistogamous
Floral Biology
 Pollen dehiscence: 6:00 to 10:00 am peak 7 am
 Stigma receptivity: Morning 6-8 am
 Suggested pollination time: Early morning 6-8 am
 Suggested emasculation time: Afternoon 3-4 pm

Breeding method
Emasculation (Method 1)
 First, do this in late afternoon (3-6 pm) a day before pollination.
 Select the medium size flower, with minimal yellow coloration.
 Open the standard petal, then the wing petal and the keel.
 Then expose the 10 anthers and one stigma
 Remove the 10 anthers carefully, make sure not to bruise the stigma.
 Then, bag and tag the emasculated flower

31
 Emasculation (Method 2)
 Select the medium size flower, with minimal yellow coloration
 Cut or slit the upper side of the flower bud, then gently pull up the cut tip
this will expose the stigma and the ten anthers
 Then expose the 10 anthers and one stigma
 Remove the anthers carefully, make sure not to bruise the stigma.
 Bag and tag after pollination

Pollination
 First, collect open flower that you designated as male.
 Remove the petals and only leave the stigma with anthers.
 Then softly do the stigma to stigma brush. You can do it twice or more to
ensure pollination.
 After pollination, bag and tag the flower.
 Check it 2-3 days after pollination for success.

Figure 26. String beans emasculation.

BREEDING SOLANACEOUS
Tomato
Floral Morphology
 5-6 petals
 5-6 stamens
32
  1 stigma
 Stamen and stigma are enclosed with anther cone

Floral Biology
 Stigma receptivity: At the time of anthesis (7-10 am)
 Pollen dehiscence: 7-10 am
 Suggested time to emasculate: Afternoon before pollination or on the day
of pollination before anthesis
 Suggested time to pollinate: 9-10 am

Breeding Method
EMASCULATION
 Select unopened mature flower (Closed flower should be slightly yellow)
 Then remove the 5 sepals.
 Remove petals and anther, or simply remove whole the flower and anther
cone.
 Remove the older flower buds surrounding the emasculated flower to
avoid contamination.

POLLINATION
 Collect pollen form the designated male variety.
 Flower should be open.
 Open the anther cone by cutting it vertically.
 You can softly brush the cut anther cone to the stigma.
 Bag and tag it after pollination.
 Check it 5-7 days after pollination for success.
 Hybridization success can be recognized by the cut sepals.

33
Eggplant
Floral Morphology
 5 petals
 1 stigma, usually stigma is taller than the stamen
 5-6 stamen
Floral Biology
 Stigma receptivity: 8 am to 10 am
 Pollen dehiscence: 7 am to 11 am
 Suggested time to emasculate: afternoon (3 pm to 5 pm) day before
pollination or on the day of pollination but before time of anthesis (pollen
dehiscence)
 Suggested time to pollinate: 8-10 am

Breeding Method
EMASCULATION
 Select unopened flower bud
 Remove the 5 sepals and 5 petals
 When open, carefully remove the 5 anthers make sure to leave the
stigma unbruised or undisturbed
 Then bag and tag.

POLLINATION
 Collect pollen form the designated male variety
 Male flower should be open
 Then, gently rub or brush the anther to the stigma. Or you can use brush,
if available.

34
  Bag and tag it after pollination
 Check it 3-5 days after pollination for success.
 Hybridization success can be recognized by the cut sepals.

Figure 28. Emasculation and pollination in eggplant.

BREEDING CUCURBITS

Squash

Floral Morphology

 5 petals and 3-5 bi-lobed stigmas

 3 Stamen
 Male flower has one big filament that bears all the pollens
 Cross-pollinating
Floral Biology
 Pollen dehiscence: 5 to 8 am and Stigma receptivity: Morning
 Suggested pollination time: Early morning (6-7 am)

Breeding Method

35
Figure 29. Emasculation and pollination in eggplant.
D. GARDENING/ORGANIC PLANT PRODUCTION
Producing organically means respecting the rules on organic farming.

These rules are designed based on general and specific principles to promote

environmental protection, maintain biodiversity, and build consumer trust in

organic products. These rules govern all areas of organic production and are

based on several key principles, such as the prohibition of the use of GMO,

synthetic & artificial fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides;

This means that organic producers need to adopt different approaches to

maintaining soil fertility and animal and plant health including crop rotation;

cultivation of nitrogen-fixing plants and other green manure crops to restore the

fertility of the soil; to reduce the impact of weeds and pests, organic farmers

choose resistant varieties and breeds and techniques encouraging natural pest

control.

 Land Preparation – we prepare the land thoroughly by plowing twice, each

plowing followed by harrowing or “karas”. Thorough land preparation

minimizes growth of weeds, enhances water retention, and ensures good

germination of seeds and growth of seedlings.

36
Figure 30. Land preparation using carabao in plowing & harrowing.
 Planting – the act of setting seeds, crops, etc. into the ground to grow.

Planting vegetables and corn is done through hill planting in which plants are

arranged in equidistant rows and uniform hill-to-hill distance within the row.

Figure 31. Planting corn and vegetables.

 Fertilizer application and Pest Management – This is done by using

knapsack sprayer. Foliar fertilizer application using produced liquid smoke

through direct spraying onto the leaves. We apply fertilizer every other day

from vegetative until flowering stage of the vegetables and corn. We also

used liquid smoke to control pest and diseases in our crops.

37
Figure 32. Liquid smoke application as foliar fertilizer and pest control.
 Weed control. Weeding is the process of removing unwanted plants from a

field. Weeding is done by pulling and digging out weeds by hand using

garden tools like guna and surot. We also used mulching by covering the

weeds by putting thick rice straws as weed control.

Figure 33. Weeding and mulching as weed control in the crops.

 Harvesting. Harvesting is done using our hands by pulling and cutting ripen

or matured vegetables. We also gathered matured bean fruit for seed stock

used for planting on next season. Seeds were deep in liquid smoke and

sundry before storing.

Figure 34. Gathered matured bean fruits and sort according to its variety.
38
E. COMMUNITY BASE LINING & LEARNING FARM

COMMUNITY VISITS. We actively participated in community visits, which

allowed us to interact with local farmers and community leaders. One of the

unique experiences we had was the opportunity to interact directly with the local

Barangay officials. These interactions provided us with a deeper understanding

of the community's challenges and needs. Through these meetings, we were

able to identify specific communities that were seeking assistance. This

experience not only deepened their comprehension of community dynamics but

also highlighted the crucial role of local governance and the significant

contributions of non-government organizations in tackling community challenges.

Communities that we went to are Brgy. Perez, Kidapawan City; Brgy. Balabag,

Kidapawan, City; Brgy. Sarayan, Pres. Roxas; Brgy. Ilustre, Pres. Roxas; Brgy.

Malatab, Antipas North Cotabato; a quick visit in some learning farms of the

farmers partners of SEARICE in North Cotabato, like Jose Cordero Farm at

Malatab, Antipas, Armando Catholico’s Farm at Brgy. Alegria, Pres. Roxas North

Cotabato, and Eduardo Edullantes Sr. in Barangay Kamarahan, Pres. Roxas,

North Cotabato.

Figure 35. Advancing Peoples’s Organizations through Innovation and Development of

Social Capital (APOKIDS) representative, Sir Cyrill, with the six interns and SEARICE
staff, discussed about selection of possible communities for EU project proposal 39 at
Mayor’s Office Kidapawan City.
BARANGAY PEREZ, KIDAPAWAN CITY BASE-LINING

Southeast Asia

Regional Initiatives for

community empowerment

(SEARICE) is bd268one of

the non-government

organizations which aims to

help in community in needs. Figure 36. Barangay Perez, Kidapawan City Healt
Center with Nurse Cristina
One of the chosen target

communities is in Purok Embasi, Barangay Perez, Kidapawan City, North

Cotabato to determine the problems in their community. As we enter into in the

community, we go first to their LGU to gather the following data needed. We

found out that most of the people living in Purok Embasi are indigenous people

Manobo and Bagobo. Their source of income was abaca, doormat and soft

broom making. There are 118 household identified that needs help from the

government to change their way of living. As we interviewed the nurses assigned

there the primary problems was malnutrition, early pregnancy and marriage,

children have many worms, unlimited marriage, give birth at home, no toilets

/problems in sanitary and some houses of evacuates are only made with trapal.

Their problems related to climate change was earthquake, flood and landslide

while problems related to biodiversity loss limited availability of investment

capital, limited labor availability at household level, failure in agriculture

40
production due to diseases like in lanzones and mangosteen and no market in

the barangay for their produce. Problems relevant to poverty lack of market

support to agriculture products and lack of alternative agriculture productions.

The major crops in particular area were rubber, coconut and banana. Not only

the government gives them support in addressing their problems but some of it

are the non-government organizations one of these are the PAG-ASA they give

feeding to children. The government give them milk and rice to sustain their food

for 120 days. The problems implementing that program no parents will cook the

food and sanitation problems. The government struggling to implement the

program because the people are not following due to their culture.

BRGY. SARAYAN,

PRESIDENT ROXAS,

COTABATO

On February 07, 2024, one

of the community-based

lining that we visited and

engaged with is the Saryan,

Pres. Roxas, Cotabato,

Figure 37. Barangay Sarayan, Pres. Roxas, together with our heads
North Cotabato with Brgy. Capt. Renalto and
Kgwd. Judith Daguman. supervision started to

communicate with the Brgy. Chairman from the profile/description like

topography, resources and service available even organized groups and etc. We

found out that most of the population are indigenous people the Manobo tribe

41
which is 30% of their population, to sustain their daily need they do mining at the

Arakan river, and the total population is 1779 and 431 households target, the

major crops they have the palm oil, rice and rubber. The local government also

gave a free planting materials in members of 4Ps and IPs like coconut seedlings

and also they have 120 days of feeding program. And the problems that they

encountered related to climate change is flash floods and landslide. In terms of

agrobiodiversity/biodiversity loss, the lack of agricultural technical knowledge and

skills and the lack or limited availability of investment capital in terms of their

product and also the poverty line for the food insecurity and livelihood options

and lack of alternative agriculture production options. Not just this problem they

also facing early pregnancy and lack of finances for their daily needs. Upon these

problems and challenges the SEARICE will help them to educate people and

organized them as group to invade and eradicate poverty and losses of

agricultural income, they help to facilitate and give what they need like seeds or

planting materials to teach them the advocacy for organic sustainable farming.

BRGY. ILLUSTRE, PRESIDENT ROXAS, COTABATO

On the same day of February 07,

2024, our team headed to Brgy.

Illustre, President Roxas,

Cotabato, upon arriving at their

place they greet and welcomed

us to their Brgy. Hall and the

gathering of data continues by

Figure 38. Barangay Ilustre, Pres. Roxas, North
Cotabato with Kagawad Estela Andres
42
our heads to and asking questions about their locals, works, groups or

organization, profile/descriptions and programs given by the local governments.

The total population is 2,195 and the targeted households of this activity is 446.

Upon the ongoing interview we found out the problems that are related to the

climate change like drought from lack of rain. In terms on

agrobiodiversity/biodiversity loss problems the lack of animals, seeds and

irrigation system, lack of agriculture technical knowledge and skills the lack of

availability of investment capital by farming households. In terms poverty

problems the food insecurity is rampant and scarce of livelihood options and the

lack of alternative agriculture production options. Somehow their other source of

income beside farming is labor is the main source of income and there is no

family planning that causes a lack financial that could lead to poverty. Facing the

reality which is the absence of skilled and educated person to improve the

community this problems will continues and rapidly growing. One of the goals of

SEARICE is to promote this with the theme “Enhance Community Resilience

Through Circular Green Economy”.

BARANGAY BALABAG, KIDAPAWAN CITY, NORTH COTABATO

Last February 06, 2024, Southeast

Asia Regional Initiatives for

Community Empowerment

(SEARICE) conducted a

community survey. We are given a

chance to visit and engage with the

people of Barangay Balabag,

Figure 39. Barangay Balabag, Kidapawan City 43

Barangay Officials
Kidapawan City, North Cotabato. One of the target communities that SEARICE would

help. Sitio Madasigon, Barangay Balabag, Kidapawan City, North Cotabato have

581 households, 61 PWD and has 2288 total population. This community survey

determined the problems that Sitio Madasigon, Barangay Balabag, Kidapawan

City, North Cotabato have been experienced. The data we gathered shows that

Sitio Madasigon, Barangay Balabag have earthquake problems related to climate

change which can further deteriorate living conditions. One of the problems of

barangay Balabag relevant to agrobiodiversity/biodiversity loss are lack of

agricultural technical knowledge and skills, limited availability of investment

capital. Lack of agricultural technical knowledge and skills have major negative

effects on food security, economic stability, productivity and environmental

sustainability. Having no capital for farming, income for living is limited, no

permanent work and lack of alternative agriculture production are those factors

lead the people of barangay Balabag into poverty. Major crops of barangay

Balabag are Banana, Coconut, Rubber and vegetables. Also, Barangay Balabag

declared as a poorest of the poor community. A multifaceted strategy including

education, extension services, resources access, sustainable practices,

community involvement is needed to close this gap. Communities can create

more resilient and effective agricultural systems by equipping farmers with the

required knowledge and abilities. Participating in community visits and surveys

offers us intern a rich learning experience that combines practical skills

deve2lopment, exposure to diverse communities and opportunities for our

growth. It’s prepared us for future roles where we can make meaningful

44
contributions to addressing societal challenges and improving the well-being of

communities.

BARANGAY MALATAB, PRESIDENT ROXAS, NORTH COTABATO

With the theme of “Enhance

community resilience through

circular green economy”.

Barangay Malatab, President

Roxas, North Cotabato are one

of the chosen communities for

the future project of Southeast

Figure 40. Barangay Balabag, Kidapawan City
Asia Regional Initiatives for Community Empowerment (SEARICE) and

conducted a surved on February 6, 2024 together with the heads/mentors.

Community surveys and community engagement provide the data needed to

understand community needs and priorities and ensure to work together

collaboratively address those needs in a sustainably way. Together, they form a

strong approach to the community development that is inclusive, participatory

and responsive to local. According to the data, Barangay Malatab has 853

households and 3391 of total population., mostly of the population in Barangay

Malatab are Indigenous People. As the data gathered, drought and soil erosion

are the problems faced of the barangay when it comes to climate change.

Leading to further degradation of soil and water resources, increased

vulnerability to climate extremes and greater challenges for communities in

maintaining their livelihoods. Limited availability of investment capital, lack of

45
alternative agriculture production option can have several significant effects on

communities, particularly those that are heavily reliant on agriculture for their

livelihoods. Major income in the community is labor and buy and selling of

vegetables and flowers. Mostly of the people are lazy and have mismanagement

of the leader in handling the budget. They need help in orienting the communities

about alternative livelihood for living. By addressing those problems and

promoting diversified and sustainable farming system, communities can enhance

their resilience to economic, environmental and build a more sustainable future

for agriculture with the help of Southeast Asia Regional Initiatives for Community

Empowerment (SEARICE).

JOSE CORDERO
Learning Farm Visit

February 07, 2024, we visited

the learning farm of Sir Jose

Cordero together with the staff

of SEARICE, Ate Che and Sir

Gill at Brgy. Malatab, Antipas,

North Cotabato. We

experienced, learned and taste

Figure 41. Kuya Jose Cordero's cacao farm at some of his local products of his
Malatab, Antipas, Cotabato.
own. Sir Jose is the President of Farmers Organization for Organic and

Diversified System “FOODS”. Kuya Jose is an organic farmer practitioner, his

crops that he cultivated on his farm are Banana, Rubber, Turmeric, coconut

seedlings and cacao. He also produced products like cocoa powder/tablea,

46
turmeric powder and banana chips, he also an ally to the SEARICE organization

and he also one of the breeders.

ARMANDO “ARMAN” CATOLICO

Learning Farm Visit

Another example of an

Integrated and Diversified

Organic Farm is Armando

Catolico's Organic Farm, which

is a very creative and excellent

farm idea because it has a

variety of crops and various

Figure 42. Sir Arman’s farm at Brgy. Alegria,
Pres. Roxas, Cotabato. major sources of both food for

consumption and income. In addition to the most common crop grown by

farmers, rice, he has perennial fruit trees on his property, including durian,

rambutan, lansones, and citruses. In addition, he keeps chickens, pigs, and other

farm animals in addition to a fish pond. His farm also grows bananas and

coconut trees, in along with various high-breeds of durian and rambutan with one

hectare of rice planted with a variety of rice breeds is owned by Sir Armando.

On March 21, 2024, we visited Sir Arman's farm with Christof Seiler, a

Miva representative, who donated the SEARICE Van along with Ma’am Nory,

the Searice Executive Director. Sir Arman serves us his very own coconut tree

(buko) that tasted like pandan and gave us a very warm welcome. Kuya Arman

47
cultivates his own variety of rice and is one of the farmer breeders of SEARICE.

He even took us to see his created forest, fish pond, and pigpen. We said our

goodbyes and thanked each other before heading home.

EDUARDO ‘’WADO’’EDULLANTES
Learning Farm Visit

Sir Wado Edullantes organic

learning farm is an integrated

and diversified farm and it is

family-owned. The main crop

planted by Kuya Wadu is rice

equivalent to 1 hectare.

Learning farm of Sir Wado

Figure 43. Sir Wado’s farm at Brgy. Kamarahan, located and Barangay
Pres. Roxas, Cotabato with Christof Seiler.
Kamarahan, Pres Roxas, North Cotabato. Other crops planted by Sir Wado were

coconut, banana, mango and other fruit bearing trees. The farm of Kuya Wadu

engaged in raising duck, chicken and pigs.

March 21,2024, we went to Sir Wado’s farm together with Christof Seiler the

representative of MIVA who donated the SEARICE vehicle with Ma’am Nory the

executive director of SEARICE. We have received a very warm welcome from his

family they prepared a delicious Biko for us. Sir Wado is one of the farmer

breeders of SEARICE and work his own breed of rice. He even showed to us his

87 develop variety of rice. After we talked, we said thank you and goodbye and

went home.

48
III. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT

A. Governance Structure & Chart

SEARICE’s organizational structure has evolved over time – from a simple

nuclear structure in the 1970s to the current more refined and three‐layer

structure. At present, the organization’s governance structure consists of the

Board of Trustees (BOT) and the Management Committee (MANCOM)

composed of the Executive Director and the heads of program and policy

advocacy and organizational support units. An information organization officer

provides communications and information management support while the

organizational support unit provides administrative and financial support to the

institution. The management and staff are all Filipino and with office based in the

Philippines.

SEARICE is governed by a Board of Trustees consisting of 5 people with

expertise of importance to SEARICE and from countries where SEARICE

operates or from countries where SEARICE sees future operational prospects. It

sets the strategic direction of SEARICE, approves annual financial reports and

budgets, formulates/amends constitution and by-laws and provides advise in

program implementation and institutional management. All members of the

current board have been with SEARICE for a number of years. The staff would

49
like to have at least one Board member actively working with SEARICE. Annual

meeting is held during first quarter of the year, preferably in country where

SEARICE operates. Special sessions, however, are held when critical concerns

need immediate attention/decisions.

The Executive Director sits in the board as an ex official member. She is

responsible for running the day-to-day operations and implements the programs

and plans of action with the staff. A Management Committee composed of the

unit coordinators assists in the day-to-day management and decision-making. As

of the moment, SEARICE has nine full-time staff. SEARICE also relies on its pool

of consultants and volunteers on policy research, writing, editing and layout work,

among others.

Current Organizational Structure of SEARICE

Board of Trustees

Executive Director

Communications Information
Associate Organization Officer

Programme
Organizational Support
Unit Coordinator Coordinator

Programme
Officer
Organizational Support
Officer Programme
Officer
Programme
Officer 50
Organizational Support
Assistant
Farm Manager
B. Partnership

SEARICE, a regional institution, grew through partnerships and alliances.

It works in partnership with local and national groups in the countries where it is

present, to implement regional field programs at country level. SEARICE holds its

office in the Philippines and has implemented programs and projects in several

countries in Southeast Asia (as well as in one country in South Asia and three

countries in West Africa). In most cases, SEARICE partners with government

agencies or academic institutions with the necessary technical expertise for

project implementation and management. It also seeks an NGO partner who is

responsible for financial management of the project in the country while at the

same time supporting project communities. The partnerships aimed to enhance

the capacities of development professionals and local institutions to enable them

to support community plant genetic resources conservation, development and

use (PGR CDU).

III. FINANCE

SEARICE is a non-profit organization and doesn’t market any products.

The organization did not teach the students in the financial aspect of the

company, they only expose students in Agriculture practices and organizing

51
farmers and civil organizations. For this season the organization doesn’t have yet

project. In CONSERVE the expenses used for conducted training and tours in

the fields are in the institutional or reserved funds of SEARICE.

V. PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED & SOLUTION, SUCCESS & FAILURE PLAN

OF SEARICE

The last two years had left with chaos and a new normal. Countries,

governments, institutions, organizations, households and individuals found

themselves in stupor, unaware of what is coming and not knowing what to do.

Most organizations need to rethink and make the necessary adjustments to cope

with the new normal brought about by the COVID 19 pandemic. The pandemic

forced development organizations such as SEARICE to find new ways to engage

with communities and interact not only with partners and other program

stakeholders but with themselves, among its management and staff. In addition,

the pandemic also impacted the processes and outcomes of the organization’s

area of work – agro biodiversity and community empowerment.

The agricultural development sector has already been affected by climate

change, by the extreme weather events that are associated with natural disasters

as well as the slow onset of factors that limits farm productivity and resiliency.

SEARICE as an organization has also been concerned with resource

mobilization, the changing priorities of donors, the definition of its niches, the

nature of its work and the arena of its engagement. SEARICE has to take into

account all these new realities and associated emerging issues and concerns.

Adapting to the pandemic and other perturbations will have to dominate its
52
programming and organizational thrust in the next five years. SEARICE priorities

need to be reconsidered, realigned and reconfirmed and much will need to be re-

worked.

A strategic plan is an organizational management tool that serves the

purpose of helping an organization do a better job, because the plan focuses the

energy, resources, and time of everyone in the organization in the same

direction. It provides management staff and other stakeholders the roadmap to

align the organization’s functional activities to achieve set goals. It is the

organization’s response to its understanding of what it can do for its constituents

if it intends to be continuously relevant as it articulates more realistic goals and

an appropriate plan of action.

SEARICE aims to conduct strategic planning to set its overall direction in

the next five years and to develop a plan to achieve them by stepping back from

day-to-day operations and asking where the organization is headed and what its

priorities should be. Strategic planning will allow SEARICE to be proactive rather

than reactive to the changing context of development work. It can help set up a

sense of direction, facilitate resource mobilization, increase operational efficiency

and engender resiliency and sustainability of the organization.

VI. NEW THINGS/TECHNOLOGIES LEARN BY MY SELF

On the half school year of my on-job training at SEARICE, each day I

learned different things or technologies that would amaze me every day. I

learned about useful stuffs that could developed my skills and ability for my future

53
professional growth. I learned about how to manage carefully the time on farm,

from making a steps or plan on how I will be a future leader practitioner of

organic farming. SEARICE and the staffs thought us on how will going to sustain

our traditional farming and traditional verities of seeds, on how they preserved

each grain to not be lost or vanished in our farm.

Upon going to the different communities, I learned and heard different

problems of our farmers that they are facing right now from the lack of access of

financial support, education and the continues climate change and low prices of

produced products. And also, I experienced going to different learning farms of

Kuya Wado, Kuya Jimmy they are farmers who practicing organic farming, and

they have also produced their own verities of rice and other sustainable crops

they are also breeders. I learned a lot from them on how they still practicing

traditional farming despite of many chemicals that could easily bought or

purchased to the market but they choose organic farming.

I learned also on how to sort seeds, and arranging different varieties for

seed banking. Also preserving and developing seeds, Kuya Guiller Dominggo

thought us lectured about Breeding of tomatoes, string beans, chilli, squash and

eggplant and Ate Che also teach us on how to breed a Rice and Corn, they

thought me on how and when to emasculate what proper time to pollinate and

added techniques to produce my own breed of crops. And also, I also learned

from them how to emphasize the sustainability and resilience of organic

agriculture practices advocacy.

54
 The new technology that is learned from this training is the Liquid Smoke

Production, the uses of liquid smoke it can be a fertilizer, pesticide, fungicide and

many more and that’s how amazing it is from this kind of materials like rice hull,

coconut husk, lemon grass, ipil-ipil and madre de cacao I can produce an organic

concoction for my plants. This kind of technology can help farmers to reduce the

expenses of farming and way more helpful to the environment and humans.

VII. STUDENTS ROLE OR CONTRIBUTION IN THE ORGANIZATION

As a trainee/student, that fulfilling the requirement of our subject not just

the subject but also to be a future agriculturist my role and contribution in the

organization is that I produced or breed my own rice breed the BG21-3 x

BORDAGUL, we do land preparation for gardening, weeding, planting 124 Rice

Trials and 620 lines of Trials, rice characterization. I also demonstrate from our

visitors the liquid smoke processing. We do also prepare for organic fertilizer the

vermicompost. The practices of organic and traditional farming it will have a huge

impact economically and environmentally. Additionally, you should also be

willing to accept constructive criticism without becoming upset or hating each

other and accept mistakes and learned from it.

VIII. FUTURE PLAN OF THE STUDENT AS A RESULT OF THE OJT

My future plan as a future agri-technician soon, is to join or start an urban

agriculture especially for the community target, by developing organic farming

practices in urban settings, such as backyard farming, vertical farming and

55
community gardens. And engage in a workshop that could help or foster and

improved my skills, knowledge, communication and abilities. I will also apply my

knowledge what I have learned to this on job training from SEARICE especially

the practice of organic farming and the application organic concoctions like the

Liquid Smoke. And also, I would like start to applied my new learnings and the

new technologies to our farm and educate my family and divert them into organic

farming practices. And breed their own crops, and help them to improve the

innovation of their own farmlands.

56
IX. SIGNATORIES

DARELLE U. MOGAFUSON
Student

GEMMA A. CONSTANTINO, MS NORMINA A. MAMALINTA, MAST

Faculty OJT Coordinator

57
X. SELECTED READINGS:

SEARICE– southeast Asia Regional Initiatives for Community Improvement.

Inc. 1992
SEARICE through the New Normal and Beyond. SEARICE Strategic Plan
2021-2025.
Philippine Rice Production Training Manual. PhilRice. August 2007.
A Farmer’s Primer on Growing Rice. IRRI. 1992
Gabay sa Pagsasanay sa Produksyon ng Palay sa Pilipinas. LGU-PhilRice-
JICA TCP3 Project. November 2009
Rice Production Technoguide. DA-PhilRice. 2003
De Datta, SK. 1981. Principles and practices of rice production, John Wiley &
Sons, Inc., New York, USA.
Duldulao, VA. 2000. Let’s produce more rice. Department of Agriculture,
Philippine Rice Research Institute. Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines.
Performance Objective Manual (Two Week Rice Production Manual). 1991.
International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna,
Philippines.
Matsuo, T. and K. Hoshikawa (eds.). 1993. Science of the rice plant (vol 1),
Morphology. Food and Agriculture Policy Research Center, Tokyo,
Japan.
Silos and Smokestacks National Heritage Area Seed Savers Exchange 3094
North Winn Road, Decorah, Iowa 52101 563.382.5990
Field Collecting and Conservation of Rice Germplasm Trainees’ Manual (GR
1-0I.2I). 2001. International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños,
Laguna, Philippines.
IRRI website

58
 XI. APPENDICES A

OTHER ACTIVITIES

Figure 1. Landscaping and maintaining the cleanliness and beautification of the farm.

59
Figure 2. Lectures conducted - Liquid Smoke, Vegetable & Corn Breeding by Kuya Gil,
Agripreneur & Vermicomposting by Kuya Jose, and Rice Breeding &
Regeneration by Ate Che.

60
Figure 3. Vermicomposting – layering of banana bunch, rice straw, rice hulls, leaves
and garden waste/grasses.

61
Figure 4. Seed germination test and transplanting in the field.

62
Figure 5. Soil media preparation.

63
Figure 6. The visit of Sir Christoff Seiler; BOD of SEARICE Sir Ted & Ma’am Diane,
Miss Normita & Miss Catherine; and PGS members conducted a survey
in SEARICE Learning Farm.

64
 Figure 7. Collections of materials needed for liquid smoke production.

Figure 8. De-leafing of banana.

65
Figure 9. Put up a trellis for the string beans, alugbati, and kamote tops.

Figure 10. Marcotting or air layering.

66
Figure 11. Pictures taken for Rice Catalogue showcasing the different lines/varieties of
traditional and farmers bred.

67