Revised and L!.

Pdated by

Molly Varga Smith, BVetMed, DZooMed, MRCVS

Rutland House Veterinary
Merseyside, UK

MANZCVS (Veterinary Radio logy)

ELSEVIER
Molly Varga Smith, BVetMed, DZooMed, MRCVS Charly Pignon, DVM, Dip ECZM (Small Mammal)
Rutland House Veterinary Hospital Clinical Associate Professor, Head of the Exotics
Merseyside, UK Medicine Service, Past President of the Association
of Exotic Mammal Veterinarians, Alfort Teaching
Hospital, Ecole Nationale Veterinaire d'Alfort,
Maisons-Alfort, France

iii
 `

of Rabbit

Molly Varga Smith

Harcourt-

`'
iv
 Molly Varga Smith

v
 `

Molly Varga Smith

Ellen

`'
vi
 Hystricomorpha

1974)
1999)

0.

floridanus bachmani (brush

1
 CHAPTER 1

,'

Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals,

1988)

et al.,

and Suckow,

(Hornicke et al., (Stauffacher, 1992)

1993; Drescher and

and Breig,
and Laird,

et al.,

et al.,

(Cheeke et al.,
 I

Federation for Animal

Welfare,

Awareness
(A Hutch Is Not Mine a
Chocolate

•
Rabbit
°C -20 °.c •
CHAPTER 1

''

and Loeffl er,

I
 CHAPTER 1

, I

(Fairham and Harcourt-Brown,

 Sublingual salivary gland

Buccal salivary gland

Body of caecum

us
Ileum
rdia

Bile duct
15% GIT volume]

Proximal colon
Descending duoden Spleen

Base of caecum Ascending duoden Left lobe of pancreas

Ampulla caecalis coli Right lobe of pa

Sacculus rotundus
Jejunum

lleocaecocolic complex
Mesentery

Venniform caecal appendix

C

Caecum [60% GIT volume] [40 cm] Accessory pancreatic duct

Sacculus rotundus Ileum

Ampulla caecalis coli lleocolic valve

D

Ascending colon

haustrum

T rans

Distal colon [80-100 cm]

No haustra III'[

1.2.7
Stauffacher

Brown
 CHAPTER 1

''

et al.,

H ealth
News, 1991b)
 |

10

and Studdert,

et al.,

(Shadle,
 CHAPTER 1

''

' Prostaglandin

Fusus coli
lleocolic valve
closed

Aldosterone

Gentle contraction

Hard faeces phase Soft faeces phase

^:
Hard pellets, dry, large, Caecotrophs, smaller,
don't stick together softer, stickier, smellier

" Haustrum"

and Cruise,

(Cruise and Brewer,

12

and Prieur,

(Blas and Gidenne,

and Piquer, and Cruise,

and Piquer,

and Cruise,

and Barthold,
 CHAPTER 1

''

and Piquer,

et al.,

•
1976)

et al.,

80-lOOcm
et al.,
 (Fraga,

(Lelkes and Chang,

(Ehrlein et al.,

and Ruckesbusch, 1987;

Carabaflo and Piquer,
et al.,
(Straw, 1988; Abecia et al.,
Escherichia

et al.,
Entamoeba
duodena/is

•
et al.,

(Carabaiio and Piquer,

et al., 2004)

1998)
 CHAPTER 1

''

and Davies,
et al., 1989) ;

and Cruise,

•
et al.,

and Prieur,
 CHAPTER 1

''
et al.,
and Smith, 1967a;
Bourdeau et al.,

and Cruise,
•

and Cruise,

cells)
et al.,

(Hoenderop et al.,

1.

-50 %
(Buss and Bourdeau,
and Sm ith, 1967a,
18

et al., 1988; Bourdeau et al.,

and Bourdeau,

(Chapin and Smith,

(Bourdeau et al., 1986; Warren et al., 1989)
hormone,
et al.,
et al.,

et al., 1986; Kamphues, 1991)

et al., 1988)

and Amberg,

(Bourdeau et al.,
and Lau,

I , and Quamme, 1984)

 CHAPTER 1

, I

Research Council,

(www.pfma.org.
et al., 1986; Gilsanz et al., 1991)

et al.,

1989)'

and Gidenne,
 1994)

and Gidenne,

I , 1987) ;
 CHAPTER 1

''
and Gidenne,

and Gidenne,
1998)

(Cheeke, 1987; Blas and Gidenne,

et al.,

units)

(McDonald et al.,

and Studdert,
Fermentable (digestible) Fiber Indigestible Fiber
i.e., Undigested food that has
reached the caecocolic junction

Small particles Large particles

moved >O.Smm are moved
into the caecum into the colon

Consists of plant cell walls composed of

Large Fiber particles

are expelled in hard
faecal pellets

Hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin

are bcund together to form large particles
Digestibility can be increased by physically
reducing the particle size by grinding

et al.,

et al., et al.,

et al.,

et al.,

et al.,
 CHAPTER 1

''

(neutral
detergent fiber,
fi ber,

and 15% (Cheeke,

and Bokori,

et al.,

(crude

and
I 24

NDF (%)

30.2 49.3 37.5 11.8

20.3 32.1 17.9 14.2
8 16.8 12.3 4.5
11.4 47.5 13.7 33.8
17 24.4 13.6 10.8
9.4 13.4
21 54.1 28.2 25.9
13 57.7 29.6 28.1
38 74.1 45.2 28.9
29.8 65 36.4 28.6
17.9 24.3 19.7 4.6
2.4 11.7 2.8 8.9
10.5 31 14.9 16.1
4.5 11.4 4.2 7.2
6.3 11.6 7.6 4
41.7 80.9 50.2
10.0 14 12.5 1.5

P Rabbit Feeding and Nutrition. Academic Press; 1987; McDonald P, Edwards, RA, Greenhalgh JFD, Morgan CA Animal Nutrition.
5th ed. Longman, 1995.

Hansen,
 CHAPTER 1

,'

and Gidenne,

et al.,

et al.,

et al., 1995a, 19956) •

and Villamide,

J. The nutrition of the commercial rabbit. Part 1. Physiology,

digestibility and nutrient requirements. Nutr Abstr Rev Series 8. 1981 ;51:
(Bomba et al., 2002) 197-217.
et al.,

et al.,

-19% (Cheeke, 1994);

(McDonald et al.,

et al.,

1987)'

(McDonald et al.,
and Durix,
 CHAPTER 1

''

(previtamin D3)

and Bohstedt,

(Hunt and Harrington,

etal., 1982; Ubels and Harkema,

10,000 IU/kg (Mateos and de Blas,

I -- -

and Studdert,
•

• 25-0H-D

and Studdert,

• 1,25(0H2)D

Blood DC, Henderson JA, Radostits OM. Veterinary

Medicine. 5th ed. Balliere Tindall; 1979.
1990)
 CHAPTER 1

''
et al., 1990)

(Lowe,

and de Blas,

and Piquer,

et al.,
and Piquer,
and de Blas,

Trypanosoma brucei
(Lowe, (Umar et al.,
(Ismail et al.,
I
and
Smith,
and Amberg, 1973)

(Breslau,
et al.,

et al.,

and Harcourt-Brown,
 CHAPTER 1

and Smith,

(Harcourt-Brown, 1995, -
1.0 % (Lowe,

et al.,

10 90 1.5 0.3 5: 1
79 21 0.06 0.06 1 :1

1`
76
89
24
0.07
0.03
0.39
0.11
1 :6
1 :36
10 90 0.14 0.46 1 :3
11 89 0.16 0.14 1:1
36 64 0.09 0.16 1: 17
78 12 0.64 0.35 2: 1
83 17 1.94 0.19 10 : 1
88 12 0.37 0.325 1 :1
6
94 0.66 0.47 1 :1
0.8 0.6 1 :1
80 20 1.4 1.3 1:1

85 15 1.3 0.46 3: 1
80 205 0.5 0.37 1:1
1.5 0.4 4: 1
85 15 1.6 0.5 3: 1
5
95 0.86 0.46 2 :1
88 12 0.04 0.28 1 :7
10 90 0.03 0.33 1 : 11
11 89 0.12 0.41 1 :3
75 15 0.14 0.07 2: 1
2
0.6 3: 1
8
92 0.22 0.68 1 :3
1.5 0.5 3: 1
1.8 0.4 4: 1
88 12 0.36 0.32 1:1
9
91 0.56 0.28 2: 1
11 89 0.16 1.14 1: 7

Nutrient Requirements of Farm Livestock (1976), no. 4; Composition of British Feedingstuffs: Technical Review and Tables (Agricultural
Research Council, London); Cheeke P. Rabbit Feeding and Nutrition. Academic Press; 1987; McDonald P, Edwards, RA, JFD, Morgan CA
Animal Nutrition. 5th ed. Longman; 1995.
 > 18%
> 12.5%
-16%

-1.0%
-0.8%
: 6000-10,000 IU/kg
: 800-1200 IU/kg
: 40-70 mg/kg

et al.,

et al.,
I

3)

(Chapin and Smith,

(Mathieu and Smith,

(Lowe,
0.4% (McDonald et al.,
 CHAPTER 1

''
7

et al.,

disease,

(McDonald et al.,

et al.,

% -30 % (McDonald et al., 1995)

et al.,
34

ascaris

et al.,
 CHAPTER 1
r,

(Harcourt-Brown,

(Phleum

ris

1998)

•
I 36

dis-
eriocarpa)

(Veterinary Poisons Unit, personal

(Craigmill et al.,

1998)

et al.,
(Pyrrolizidine

et al.,

et al.,
us

et al., 1996)

et al.,
albus
 CHAPTER 1
, I

retroflexus) Amaranthus
(love-lies-bleeding)

green amaranthus)
| 38 …
.

vitalba)

J. The nutrition of the commercial rabbit. Part 1. Physiology, digestibility and nutrient requirements. Nutr Abstr Rev Series B. 1981;51 ,
197-217; Cheeke PR. Rabbit Feeding and Nutrition. Academic Press; 1987; Lorgue G, Lechenet J, Riviere, J. Clinical Veterinary Toxicology. English
ed., Chapman MJ, ed. Blackwell; 1996; Sandford JC. The Domestic Rabbit. 5th ed. Blackwell Science; 1996; Gfeller RW, Messonier SP. Small Animal
Toxicology and Poisonings. Mosby; 1998; Richardson V. Rabbit Nutrition. Coney Publications; 1999

et a l .,
 CHAPTER 1

''

et al.,

et al., 2017)

et al., 1996) ;
l

?
 CHAPTER 1

- ,,

co llars)

- `

'

'

(Kunstyr and Naumann,

 mL/kg (Brewer and
Cruise,

(Cheeke,

% (Brewer and Cruise,

and Johnson,
 CHAPTER 1

''
H"

. "

(Wood's
and Paul-Murphy,

mann, 1991; Quesenberry, 1994; Mader, 1997; Malley, 2000;

I
 CHAPTER 1

''

et al.,

et al.,

et al.,
1981,
et al., Reusch
-

Gillett

and
Bowen,
 CHAPTER 1

, '

Paracetamol

•
48

(Donnelly,
 CHAPTER 1

' I

Trochanteric
fossa

auricular

(Trep onema paraluis

51)

E.

°C

,
 CHAPTER 1

and Krueger,

< 38

°C-40 °C

and Grieve,

Ribs

Xiphoid cartilage

Liver

Duodenum
Stomach

Distal proximal colon

_>
'.; — 1·U Greater omentum

Upper proximal colon

Caecum Ampulla coli

`:`..., ',U"
`....
Jejunum

~`^
Uterus
Descending colon
Left ureter
Bladder

Barone R, Pavaux C, Blin PC, Cuq P. Atlas d'anatomie du lapin. Masson et Cie;
 Right kidney

Bladder

Duodenum

Gyrus of caecum Ascending colon

Jejunum

Descending duodenum
Right lobe of liver

Barone R, Pavaux C, Blin PC, Cuq P. Atlas d'anatomie du lapin. Masson et Cie;

Descending
aorta Left

Bladder

Uterus

Jejunum
Ascending
Xiphoid cartilage colon
First gyrus of caecum

R, Pavaux C, Blin PC, Cuq P. Atlas d'anatomie du lapin. Masson et Cie;

 CHAPTER 1

l
54

Caudal auricular a

• Medial auricular a

Anastomotic ramus to internal carotid a

Supraorbital a

Ethmoidal a

a
Medial auricular a
Supenor labial a
Caudal auricular a

Major palatine a
Superficial temporal a

Occipital a

External carotid a

Linguofacial a

Unguala | I Facial a
alveolar a Transverse facial a
MentaIa
Inferior labial a
 CHAPTER 1

''

(Eglitis,

et al.,

do rsalis

I
•

•
I 56

Intermediate

Medial auricular v

. Caudal auncular v

Medial auricular v

Caudal auricular v

Pterygoid plexus

Retromandibular v.
Deep facial v

Lingual v
Inferior labial v

Linguofacial v
Inferior alveolar v

cuniculi ll.22mm/min + /-2.96mm/min

et al.,
 CHAPTER 1

ml/kg/day
ml/kg/day
°C-20 °C
°C-40 °C
°C
°C

ml (4-6 mUkg)
•
Hg

et al.,

•
•
58

and Cruise,

1996)'

and Saratsis,

and
Huszenicza,

(Sandford,

et al.,

et al.,
 CHAPTER 1

''

and Cruise,
% % -

et al.,
60

2.

Rabbit
 CHAPTER 1

''
fibroma virus)
,,

et al.,

al., 1994; Goodly,

and Lawson, 1945;

Chapuis et al.,
62

My:xo Plus

(www.MSD-animal-health-hub.co.

Pasteurella bivac My:xo

My:xo

My:xo

My:xo RHD
Pan American Veterinary

(Nobivac-Myxo Myxo-RHD

Myxo

American Veterinary

Nobivac Myxo

Myxo RHD Myxo

PLUS

Myxo

Myxo
 CHAPTER 1

''

cephalides can
parasi

et al.,
(Johnson-

gondii

Encephalitozoon

et al.,
el/a
tularensis ; Gill and Cunha, pestis ;
Cleri et al., monocytogenes ;
Broderson and Gluckstein,

and Van
der Walt,
 _J
. . . . . . . . .

et al.,

(Toft et al.,

et al.,

Brown and Baker, 2001 )

20-25 m mol/L (Harcourt -Brown and Harcourt -Brown,

1.9.2
 CHAPTER 1

Weduwen and
McBride,

and

Health News, 1991a,

local
anesthetic cream,

(Acepromazine 0.5
nol

Midazolam (1
I 66

Acepromazine 0.5 0.1

et al.,
et al.,

mg/kg
 CHAPTER 1

(10-20

et al.,
 CHAPTER 1

' I

Veterinary

Supreme Recovery/Recovery Critical Care/

Fine Herbivore Herbivore

Supreme VetPet Rabbit

bit
 Ethmoidal nasal conchae
Olfactory bulb
Middle nasal concha

Optic nerve
Dorsal nasal concha
'
Ventral nasal concha Pituitary gland
Soft palate
Incisive bone

Ventral meatus

of \' 2

nasolacrimal duct
Cerebellum

Oropharynx
Nasal opening
Atlas

Upper incisor
Nasopharynx
Tongue
Axis

Laryngopharynx

Hard palate Larynx

Mandible

Maxillary palatine process

R, Pavaux C, Blin PC, Cuq P. Atlas

d'anatomie du lapin. Masson et Cie;

(Cook Veterinary
endoscopic
gastrotomy,
(Smith et al.,

et
 CHAPTER 1

' '
I

00

fluid,

and Raftery,

(38

Abecia L, Fonderila M, Balcells J, et al. Molec ular profilin g of

bac terial species in the rabbit caecum . FEMS Micro biology
et al., Letters. 2005;244(1):111-115.
 et al.,

(Palm,
et
al.,

et al.,

(aspartate aminotransferase,

et al.,
and Meunier,

et al.,

(Malley,
and Laird, 1970; Fekete,
1989; Loeb and Quimby,
mmol/L'
and Wagner
phosphatase,

77
78

g/L g/dl 0.1

µmol/L mg/dl 0.059
mmol/L mg/dl 4
mEq/L 2
mmol/L mg/dl 38.7
mg/dl µmol/L 88.4
g/L g/dl 0.1
mmol/L mg/dl 18
g/dl g/L 10
mmol/L 0.62
µg/dl µmol/L 0.0483
UL 100 Alison Fa rr, ldexx
mmol/L mg/dl 3.1 Laboratories,
mEq/L 1.8
mmol/L mEq/L 1
mg/dl 3.9
mmol/L mEq/L
mg/dl 2.3
g/L g/dl 0.1
mmol/L mg/dl 6
et al.,

70 IU /L (Gillett, µm(Sanderson and Phillips,

IU/L (Harkness and Wagner,

cell distribution

L - -
Bush,

et al.,
and Fish,
 `
CHAPTER 2

(Sanderson and Phillips, 1981; Benson and Paul-Murphy,

16µm (Sanderson and Phillips,

(Cooke,

and Krueger, 1988,

and Baker

(Cooke,

(Moore et al.,

1994)
4-7 X 1012/L

10-15g/dl
PCV 33%-48% (0.33-0.48 UL)
MCV 60-75µm 3 (fl)
MCH 19-23pg
MCHC 34.59/dl
2%-4%
250-600 X (10-9/L)
5-12 X 10-3/L (10-9/L)
30%-50% :1

30%-60%

0%-5%
0%-8%
2%-10%
Sanderson JH, Phillips CE. Rabbits. In: Sanderson JG, Phillips CE. An Atlas of Laborato,yAnimal Haematology. Oxford University Press; 1981 :6
CS. Selected drug dosages and clinical reference data. In: Manning PJ, Ringler DH , Newcomer CE, eds. The Biology of the Laborato,y
Rabbit. 2nd ed. Academic Press; 1994:467-472.
80

acetate
and January,
(Harcourt-Brown and Baker,

and
Krueger (1988,

and
Fish, et
al.,

(Harcourt-Brown and Baker, et al.,

and Fish,
aureus
and Krueger,
1988,

(Moore
et al.,

et al.,

and Laird, et al.,

(Jain,

I ,
 CHAPTER 2

r ,
and
January, and
Baker,

and Krueger,

(Kerr,

and Trivedi,

and Krueger, 2.2.4.

and January,

(Benson and Paul-Murphy,

et al.,
1992a,

et al., (Harcourt-Brown
I 82

and Conaway,

and Conaway,
of

mg/dL (30-33.4 mmol/L)'

and Conaway

(Harcourt-Brown,

Brown,

and Fish,

et al.,

mmol/L (Knudtzon,

2000; Jenkins, 2000; Rosenthal,

 CHAPTER 2

b 27-509/L

b 10-?0IU/L

b ALT 25-651U/L

b AST 10-981U/L

b 200-500 U/L

b 3.4-8.5 µmol/L

g <40µmol/L
a,f 3.7-5.3µg/100ml (dl)
2-27 µg/dl (0.002-
0.027 mg/dl)
C 3.2-3.?mmol/L

mmol/L)
h 1.71 (+0.11) mmol/L
b 0.3-3.00 mmol/L

140-370 U/L

b 44.2-229 µmol/L
b 1.4-1.76mmol/L

d Gamma GT 0-7.0IU/L

b 15-279/L

b 4.2-7.Bmmol/L

b 1.28-1.92 mmol/L Encephalitozoon

84

b 3.5-?mmol/L
3.2 + 0.1 mmol/L

.~
b 138-150 mmol/L

a T4 6.4-8.3 µg/100 ml
82.37-106.82 nmol/L

b 54-759/L

e 6.14-8.38 mmol/L

b 30-80 µg/

b > 1 µg/ml (<0.5

K-tocopherol)

Jones RT. Normal values for some biochemical constituents in rabbits. Lab Anim. 1975;9:143-147; b, Gillett, CS. Selected drug dosages
and clinical reference data. In: Manning PJ , Ringler DH, Newcomer CE, eds. The Biology of the Laboratory Rabbit. 2nd ed. Academic Press; 1994:467-
472; c, Goad DL, Pecquet ME, Warren HB. Total serum calcium concentrations in rabbits. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1989;194:1520-1521 ; d, Okerman L.
Diseases of Domestic Rabbits. 2nd ed. Blackwell; 1994; e, Collins BR. Common diseases and medical management of rodents and lagomorphs. In
Jacobson ER, Kollias GV, eds. Contemporary Issues in Small Animal Practice: Exotic Animals. Churchill Livingstone; 1988:261-306; f, Swartout MS,
Gerken DF. Lead-induced toxicosis in two domestic rabbits. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1987;191:717-719; g, Kerr M. Veterinary Laboratory Medicine.
Clinical Biochemistry and Haematology. Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1989; h, Warren HB, Lausen NC, Segre GV, et al. Regulation of calciotropic
hormones in vivo in the New Zealand White rabbit. Endocrinology. 1989;125:2683-2689; i, Robson WL, Bayliss CE, Feldman R, et al. Evaluation of the
effect of pentobarbitone anaesthesia on the plasma potassium concentration of the rabbit and the dog. Can Anaesth Soc J . 1981 ;28:210-216

(Loeb and Quimby,

et al.,

and Quimby,
 CHAPTER 2

, I

and Cruise,

µmol/L (Harcourt-

(Kerr,

Ewringmann and Gobel

and Cruise,
(25.45 reductase)
1989)

and Fish,
and Paul-Murphy,

et
al., hemorrhagic disease, RHDl

(Kerr,

filtration rate,
(Fox, 1971; Weisbroth,

et al., 2014; Ardiaca et al., 2016; Mancinelli,

et al.,

dimethylarginine,

Brown
and Baker

et al.,
 CHAPTER 2

, '
(monoclonal

protein,
(Binette et al. 1965; Cray et al.,

dL) (Oohashi et al.,

and Fish,

et al.,

and Cruise,

aminotransferase,

(Willard et al.,

protein electrophoresis, SPE)

E.

(y-glutamyl transferase,

and Mare, and Fish,

and Huszenicza,
| 88

(Harcourt-Brown and Baker,

amino-
transferase, IU/L (McLaughlin and
Fish,

and Paul-Murphy,

2.4.4
transferase,

mmol/L)

and Fish,

and Fish,

4.l-16.2IU/L (Collins, (Gillett,

112-350 IU/L (Harkness and Wagner,
 CHAPTER 2

''

et al.,

et
al.,

(Kerr,

hormone,

et
et al., al.,
 CHAPTER 2

pH 7.34-7.55 Testosterone 0.7-0.14 nmol/L

Pco2 25.1-42.1 mm Hg Progesterone 0.35-1.46 nmol/L
Po2 77.4-105.5mm Hg Androstenedione 2. 79-13.96 nmol/L
HC03 14.8-31.7mmol/L Cortisol 12.8-30.91 nmol/L
17-0H progesterone 2.27-67.26 nmol/L
Mancinelli E. Adrenal gland disease in rabbits. Vet Times. VT49. June
T, Fehr M, Neumuller M, Thole M. Acid-base status 17, 2019 ; after Lennox AM and Fecteau KA (2013) ENDOCRINE
and blood gas analysis in rabbits with gastric stasis and gastric DISEASE In: Meredith A & Lord B (2013) BSAVA Manual of Rabbit
dilation. J Exot Pet Med. 2020;32:18-26. Medicine. BSAVA Gloucester.

gap,

+ 41.2 pg/mL ; Harcourt-Brown

and Baker
+

et al.,
hormone,

and Chitty
(Man cinelli

chorionic
gonadotropin,
et al.,

and Baker,
 et al.,

and Brandao

• Encephalitozoon
and Brandao

E.

and Gallichio,

(1.45 µmol/L) •
et al.,

µg/dL (0.07
dL
2-27 µg/dL (0.002-0.027

E.
paraluiscuniculi
 CHAPTER 2

, '

1.003-1 .036

pH 7.6-8.8

(Cyniclomyces)

and sporogenous
Paul-Murphy,

et al., Clostridium

and O'Rourke Schaeffer,

and Cox,
1977; Patton,
and Borriello,
protein:creatinine, UPC)
et al.,

and Syme,
(Cyniclomy-
ces)
I 94

,'`. ` ·.~ e'

`5r '.`
`.
'
..
`7 ` '
@
,
,

'.. J
,' .. .`
.. ' .' · ' ..
• O'
..,'

.
®

(Cyniclomyces)

Eimeria
stiedae

(Image kindly supplied by Dr Sheelagh Lloyd, Division of Animal Pathology, University of

Cambridge.) (C) Saccharomyces guttulatus
kindly supplied by IDEXX Laboratories, Wetherby.)

E.

parasi

gibbus)
 CHAPTER 2

b 56-135 mg/dl
a

a 40%-79%
a 21%-60%

et al., b 16-66mg/dl

Curiel TJ, Perfect JR, Durack DT. Leucocyte subpop-

ulations in cerebrospinal fluid of (Abstract). Lab Anim
Sci. 1982;32:622-624; b, Kusumi RK, Plouffe JF. Cerebrospinal fluid
glucose and protein values in normal rabbits. Lab Anim. 1980;14
41-42.

Psoroptes

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et al.,

Aitken M, Allen M. Minerals and electrolytes: part 1. In Pract.

I 1994;16:78-83.
Anselmi C, Dias S, Martorell J, et al. Ultraso nographic anatomy
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brospinal fluid collection in rabbits. Vet Radio/ Ultrasound.
2018;59(2): 188- 197.
Ardiaca M, Dias S, Montesinos A, et al. Plasmatic L-lactate in pet
rabbits: association with morbidity and mortality at 14 days.
Vet Clin Pathol. 2016;45(1):116-123.
Assane M, Gongnet GP, Coulibaly A, Sere A. Influence of dietary
calcium/phosphorus ratio on blood calciu m, phosphate and
• Psoroptes magnesium during gestation in the rabbit (Article in French,
English Abstract). Reprod Nutr Dev. 1993;33:223-228.
Barlet JP. Plasma calcium, inorganic phosphorus and magnesium
levels in pregnant and lactating rabbits. Reprod Nutr Dev
ma
1980;20:647-651 .
Benson KG, Paul-Murphy J. Clinical pathology of the domestic
rabbit. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract. 1999;2:539-552.
Bentley PJ. Comparative Vertebrate Endocrinology. 3rd ed.
Cambridge University Press; 1998.
Binette JP, MacNair MB, Clack.ins E. Fractionation and characteri-
sation of normal rabbit plasma proteins. Biochem J. 1965;94(1):
(cerebrospinal fluid, 143-149.
 (https:/ /www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
pubmed)
Bets for Vets

medicine-veterinarian,
POM-Vs)

et al.,

/plumbsveterinarydrugs.com;
BSAVA Small Animal Formulary Exotic Pets,

Information Network (http://

et al.,

98
 CHAPTER3

''

antiinflammatory
et al.,
et al.,

et al.,

perfringens

spiroforme (Carman,

and Borriello,

and Gidenne,

aerogenes
et al.,

et al., 2017)

and Budinsky, 1990)'

(200
100
- - -

(70
/www.vmd.defra.gov.

(prescribing

]
- - -- - - - - - - - -- -- ---- - - - -- - - - - - - - - -- - - - -

___

(Yeterinary Medicines
•
et al., Ramsey I. BSAVA Small Animal Formu/ary. 7"' ed. BSAVA; 2011
1981; Maiers et a l.,

ampicillin

et al.,
1992; El-Sayad, 1994; Flecknell,
201 7)
...
 CHAPTER 3

' I

concentration,

et al.,

enrofloxacin : 100mg/L
50
 102
- -

-
Acepromazine 0.5-1 mg/kg IM,SC
Acepromazine + 0.5mg/kg + SC, IM
butorphanol 0.5mg/kg
Acetyl cysteine 50 bid-qid

500mg/kg
Albendazole 20mg/kg PO
cuniculi

Amikacin 2-5mg/kg SC/IM bid-tid

Amprolium 20mg/kg

Atropine 0.05-0.5 mg/kg SQ IM

IMIV

Azithromycin 15-30mg/kg PO sid

Benazepril 0.05-0 .25 mg/kg PO sid

POSID
Bromhexine 0.3mg PO sid
Buserelin (Receptal, SC FSH/LH
Hoechst)
Carprofen 2-4mg/kg SC sid
1.5mg/kg PO bid

Cefalexin 15mg/kg SC bid

20mg/kg SC sid
Ceftazidime 50-100 mg/kg IM/IV bid-tid

Celecoxib 68mg/kg PO bid NSAID

`
Chlorphenamine 200-400 µg/kg PO bid
maleate
 CHAPTER 3

Cholestyramine 0.5g/kg PO bid

"Questran" 20
Ciprofloxacin 5-20mg/kg PO bid

Cisapride 0.5mg/kg PO bid

Clindamycin

Dexamethasone 1-2 mg/kg IM,IV

Diazepam 1-2 mg/kg IV, IM

Digoxin 0.005-0.01 mg/kg

Diltiazem 3.75-7.5mg/kg PO bid

0.5-1.0 mg/kg
Diphenhydramine 2mg/kg PO bid-tid
Domperidone 0.5mg/kg PO bid

Doxapram 5mg/kg IM, IV

Doxycycline 2.5-4mg/kg PO sid

Enalapril 0.25-0.5 mg/kg PO

Enrofloxacin 5mg/kg SC bid

(Baytril, Bayer) 10mg/kg SC sid
5-10mg/kg PO bid
Estriol mg PO sid

Fenbendazole 20mg/kg PO sid cuniculi

Fluconazole 25-40 mg/kg PO bid
0- IV
20mUkg SC
10-15mUkg
Flunixin 1.1 mg/kg SC bid
Furosemide 0.3-2mg/kg IV,SC, IM
I 1O4

Fusidic acid
(Fucithalmic, Leo)
Fusidic
(Fuciderm, Leo)
Gentamicin tid
(Tiacil, Virbac)
10mUkg IV, SC

Glycopyrrolate 0.01 mg/kg IV,SCIM

0.1 mg/kg
Grapiprant 2mg/kg IV, SC, PO sid NSAID
Griseofulvin 25mg/kg PO sid
lmidacloprid 10mg/kg

ltraconazole 5mg/kg PO sid

lvermectin 400µg/kg SC
Ketoprofen 1-3mg/kg PO bid
Levetiracetam 20mg/kg PO tid
Lidocaine 1-2 mg/kg IV

1-2mUkg PO bid

Marbofloxacin 2-5mg/kg PO/SC sid

Maropitant 1 mg/kg SC sid

Meclizine 2-12mg/kg PO sid-tid

Melatonin 1-2mg PO sid

Meloxicam 0.3-0.6 mg/kg PO/SC sid-bid

Metoclopramide 0.5mg/kg SC, PO bid

Metronidazole 20mg/kg PO bid
Milbemycin oxime 0.5mg/kg PO cuniculi

Moxidectin 0.2mg/kg PO
 CHAPTER 3

'

Nandrolone 2mg/kg SC,IM

Nimesulide IM/IP sid X

NSAID
Nizatidine 20mg/kg PO bid
Orbifloxacin 5-20mg/kg PO sid
Oxytetracycline 15mg/kg SC,IM
SC
• 1 mg/ml DW
50mg/kg PO
Oxytocin 1-21U/kg SC, IM

Paracetamol 200-500 mg/kg PO bid

bid-tid

30mg/kg
Penicillin (Procaine) 40,000 IU/kg SC sid
(40mg/kg)
paraluiscuniculi
Penicillamine 30mg/kg PO bid
Penicillinprocaine 20mg/kg PP+ SC T.
(PP) + benzathine 15mg/kg BP
(BP)

Pentoxifylline 15-30mg/kg PO bid

Phenobarbital 1-2mg/kg PO bid

Phenylpropanolamine PO bid

Pimobendan 0.25-0.3 mg/kg PO bid

Ponazuril 20-50mg/kg PO
Praziquantel 6mg/kg SC
Praziquantel 5-10mg/kg PO, SC, IM
.
Prednisolone 0.5-2mg/kg PO, IM, SC

Prochlorperazine 0.2-0.5 mg/kg PO tid

tid
106

Pyrantel pamoate 5-10mg/kg PO, SC

Ranitidine 2mg/kg IV sid

2-5mg/kg PO bid
Selamectin 6-18mg/kg
Sodium calcium 27.5mg/kg SC qid
edetate SC, IV qid

Sucralfate 25mg/kg PO bid-tid

Sulfadimethoxine 50 mg/kg PO sid

Sulfadimidine 100-233 mg/L DW

Terbinafine 10-30mg/kg PO sid
Theophylline 10-20mg/kg PO bid-tid

Toltrazuril 2.5-10 mg/kg PO

Trimethoprim/ 30mg/kg PO bid

sulfadiazine 48mg/kg SC
Trimethoprim/ 40mg/kg PO bid
sulfamethoxazole

Tylosin 10mg/kg SC,IM bid

Verapamil 200µg/kg SC tid X

Voriconazole 2.5-10 mg/kg PO bid

; bid
stimulating hormone) ; /M
hormone), NSA/0
 CHAPTER 3

3.2.1.1 Ampicillin 3.2.1 .2 .1 Cefalexin

Ampicillin |
1990; Morris,

(Schroder et al.,

(Gager et al.,

ampicillin

et al., and
Lu 8

3.2.1.2.2 Ceftazidime

et al.,

and Ryan, 1986; Zhou et al., 2005;

3.2.1.2 Petratiene et al.,

|C e f a l e x m |

• 3.2.1 .3
mycin)

3.2.1 .3.1 Clindamycin

| Chndamycm |

and Nelson,

penicillin •
1O8

et al.,

et al.,

et al.,

3.2.1.4.2 Marbofloxacin

3.2.1.4 |Marbofloxacm |

3.2.1.4.1 Enrofloxacin •

| Enrofloxacm |

Marbofloxacin (Marbocyl,

et al.,

Enrofloxacin (Baytril,

3.2.1.4.3 Orbifloxacin
et al.,
Orbifloxacin (Orbax, Santa Cruz

(Broome eta/., 3.2.1.5 Fusidic Acid

FusIdIC A o d |
et al.,
 CHAPTER 3

coc-

et al.,

et al.,

et al.,

•
(Behrens-Baumann,
et al.,
Vet, Le"o
Bijsterveld
et al.,

(Fuciderm, Leo
betamethasone (Fucidin, Leo Laboratories) acid

et al.,
(Septopal,

(Pangram, Bimeda
3.2.1.6

3.2.1.6.1 Gentamicin

| GentamICIn | 3.2.1.6.2 Amikacin

| AmIkacm |

Amikacin (Amikin,

et al., and Walder,

et al.,
110

(Cunliffe-Beamer and Fox,

et al., 1981; Gaertner,

3.2.1. 7 Metronidawle

| Metromdazole |

alitozoon

(Welch et al.,
et al.,
1992; Pradhan et al.,
(Gaertner,

Shibani et al., (international unit,

penicillin

et al.,

et al., | Trimethoprim __

3.2.1.8 Penicillin

~ - - . -----_J •

p-aminobenzoic

penicillin

Treponema
 CHAPTER 3

trimethoprim

(Percy and Black,

and Gaon, 1998) et al.,

1990; Malley,

I Doxycycline __

rim/

and Asgari,
cycline
3.2.1.10

|0xytetracychne

metalloprotease) •
et al.,

3.2.1 .11

3.2.1.11 .1 Tylosin .

multocida
I 112

3.2.1.11.2 Azithromycin

^#th_om-y¢in |
•

to
(Zithromax, et al.,

mg/kg sid)

3.2.1.11.3 Erythromycin

(1 mg/kg et al., 1997; Sato

et al., 1997; Lu et al.,

3.2.1.12 Vancomycin and

Meyer

and

(NICE www.bnf.nice.org.uk
 CHAPTER 3

, I

3.5.3 Voriconazole
•

nervous system,

3.5.4 Terbinafine
•

3.5.1 Fluconazole
•

(Louie et al.,

3.5.2 ltraconazole
•
et al.,

et al.,

(Bishop,

et al.,

(Tennant et al.,

et al.,

et al., (Ivey and Morrisey,

et al.,

et al.,
piliforme cuff

and Baker,

acid) (Bishop,
(cyclo-oxygenase,
acid)
 CHAPTER 3

Aspirin (acetylsalicylic

et al.,

3.8.2 Carprofen

Carprofen |

et al.,

1998; Kukanich,

and Morrisey,

3.8.3 Flunixin

| Flumxm |

et al., 1986)'

3.8.1 Aacetylsalicylic Acid

| AcetyIsaliCylic Acid |

et al., 1989; Brown,

116

3.8.4 Ketoprofen
--

Ketoprofen
•

(Scarabelli and Nardini,

(Flecknell,

3.8.5 Meloxicam 3.8.6 Grapiprant

- -

Meloxicam| -—--— |

• Vito et al.,

et al., 3.8. 7 Paracetamol

| Paracetamol - -
_J
(Bishop,

et al.,

et al., (COX3,

mg/kg
et al.,
mg/kg bid
0.3

and Goviuder
 CHAPTER 3

(Koutsoviti-Papadopoulous et al.,

3.9.2 Metoclopramide

I MetoclopramIde
•
trigger

•
3.9.1 Cisapride
|C i s a p r i d e - —-- ---- -|
- - --
and Washabau,

and Bramlett,
and Studdert,

neu- (Washabau and Hall,

and Hall,

Veterinary
nizatidine

et al.,

3.9.4 Ranitidine
I Ramhdme |
•

et al.,
118

Rani ti

(muscarinic and Hancox,

ti

and Drug Administration,

3.10.1 Albendazole
|Albendazole _ ___ ]
• •

et al., 1983; Kounensis et al.,

ti
(Redfern et al.,
and McKnight,

3.9.5 Nizatidine

| Mzahdme

(secondary pharmacological effect et al., 1995; Cai et al.,

et al.,

et al.,

3.9.6 Domperidone
[
~ -- - - - -- - . - - — - |

3.10.2 Fenbendazole
(myenteric
et al., 2009; R.
| Fenbendazole |
•
 CHAPTER 3

(Short et al.,

3.10.3.2 Selamectin

et al., | Selamectin __

cuniculi

Selamectin (Stronghold,

and Oda,
dazole

and Bergvall

3.10.3
3.10.3. 1 lvermectin

|Ivermectin - —————-
- - - --
3 .10.3 .3 Moxidectin

MOXIdectm|

y-aminobutyric acid channel)

ivermectin 400

et al.,
Wagner and Wendleberger

(Curtis et al.,

; Wright et al.,

and Wanas, (1990) 3.10.4 Fipronil

(2.5 Fipronil (Frontline,
 3.10.7 Milbemycin oxime

(Chadwick,
| MUbemycin o x i m ; |
et al. ,

and Penaliggon,
(Ramsey, 2011 ; Carpenter,

chloride channel])
et al.,
3.10.5 lmidacloprid
- - ---
3.10.8 Praziquantel
- ---

| PrazIquantel |

•
et al.,

and
Schanzel,
et al.,

3.10.9 Pyrantel pamoate

3.10.6 Lime sulfur
| Pyrantel pamoate |
| Ume sulfur •

Pyrantel
Lime
 CHAPTER3

,'
3.10.10

| !
et al.,
et al.,

3.10.14 Ponazuril
I_pon?:u_,.il _ _
•

3.10.11 Sulfadimethoxine 3.11.1 Buserelin

I Sulfadimethoxine
.. ~~

Buserelin (Receptal, Hoechst Roussel

hormone,
hormone, FSH)

3.10.12 Amprolium

lAmprohum

•
3.11.2 Cholestyramine

and El-Shahawy (201 7)

3.10.13 Toltrazuril

l Toltrazuril ———--— |

et al.,
I 122

calcium

and Messonnier,
1998; Percy and Barthold,

(Cady et al.,
(El-Sayad et al.,
(Sodium calcium edetate datasheet, Animalcare, 1999)

and Messonnier, 2008; Shivananden,

Desk 3.11.4.2 Penicillamine

Reference of Clinical Pharmacology,

3.11.3.1 Omeprazole

Omeprazole (Losee,

adenosine
triphosphatase

et al.,
et al.,

et al.,

(Schwartz and Denninghoff,

3.11.5.1 Verapamil
3.11.4.1 Sodium Calcium Edetate

Sodium calcium

-
 CHAPTER 3

' '

et al.,
3.11 .5.5 Celecoxib
et al., • NSAID

3.11.5.2 Diltiazem

et al.,

3.11.5. 7 Melatonin
et al.,

3.11.5.3 Pentoxifylline

(tumour necrosis factor

alpha,

et al.,
3.11.5.4 Nimesulide
I 124

and Piquer
et al.,

3.13.1.1 Furosemide

limb)

enzyme,

(Meyer et al., 1968; Burg et al.,

3.13.2.1 Enalapril

and Kemppainen,

(Sneddon,

dress-

3.13.2.2 Benazepril

3.12.1 et al.,

prilocaine Benazepril
 CHAPTER 3

' I

et al.,
3.13.2.3 Pimobendan

cardiomyopathy, (O'Callaghan et al., 1992; Dijk et al.,

3.13.2.4 Digoxin

propylene

(Harrison and Lightfoot, 2008; Carpenter,

potassium
adenosine

• F10 (Meadows Animal

3.13.2.5 Lidocaine
• Acetylcysteine (Parvolex, UCB
| Udocame | ml

•
126

Acetyl

cysteine

(Sciuto et al.,
3.14.1 Theophylline

3.15.1 Phenylpropanolamine

clear-

and Jarboe,

3.15.2 Estriol
et al., 1992)

et al.,

3.14.2 Bromhexine

et al.,
1991; Garg et al.,
et al., 1973)
et al., 1979; Konradova et al., 3.15.4 Telmisartan
|TelmIsartan|
3.14.3 Acetyl Cysteine
 CHAPTER 3

' '
3.16.4 Maropitant
| Maropnant |

effect) (Swallow et al.,

et al.,

(extrapyramidal reaction) (Tamborini et al.,

3.16.1 Prochlorperazine

3.17.1 Phenobarbital

Phenobarbital|

3.16.2 Diphenhydramine

3.16.3 Meclizine
•
3.17.2 Levetiracetam

| LevetIracetam |

(Ivey and Morrisey,

128

et al.,

1989) •

mL/kg (Gillett,

20%-

cell
volume,
(Harcourt-Brown and Baker, 2001) •

volume

tion
Care Formula-VetArk)
Pfizer)
 CHAPTER 3

Al Shibani WH, Ghelab KG, Naji HA. An evaluation of neurotox.ic

effect of metronidazole in rabbits. Kuja Journal for Vet Med Sci.
2011;2(2):79-90.
Abu-Akkada SS, Oda SS. Prevention and treatment of Encephal-
itozoon cuniculi infection in immunosuppressed rabbits with
fenbendazole. Res. 2016;17(2):98-105.
Ali BH. The effect of ivermectin on some haematological indices
in rabbits: influence of vitamin K treatment (Abstract). Clin
Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 1990;17:735-738.
Ali S, Mustafa SJ, Metzger WJ. Modification of allergen-induced
mL/kg • airway obstruction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in the
allergic rabbit by theophylline aerosol. Inflamm Res. 1992;37:
168-170.
Arafa MA, Wanas MQ. The efficacy of ivermectin in treating
rabbits experimentally infected with Eim eria as indicated
parasitologically (Abstract). J Egypt Soc
Parasitol. 1996;26: 773-780.
Bassissi MF, Lespine A, Alvinerie M. Enhancement of oral
mox.idectin bioavailability in rabbit by lipid co-administration.
Parasitol Res. 2004;94:188-192.
Behrens-Baumann W. Absorption of topicall y administered
ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and gentamicin in the inflamed rabbit
eye (Abstract). Ophthalmologica. 1996;210:119- 122.
Benato, L. 2011. The semi-quantitative effect of probiotic Entero-
coccus faecium NCIMB 30183 and Saccaromyces cerevesiae
NCYC Sc47 on the faecal microflora of healthy ad ult rabbits
(Oryctolagus cuniculus) using real time PCR. Unpublished
and Sirota, thesis. University of Edinburgh Unpublished thesis
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I agent, in healthy volunteers. European Journal of Clinical

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Bertaccini G, Poli E, Adami M, Coruzzi G. Effect of some new
H2-receptor antagonists on gastrointestinal motility (Abstract)
Agents Actions. 1983;13:157- 162.
Bhatt RS, Agrawal AR, Sahoo A. Effect of probiotic supplementa-
tion on growth performance, nutrient utili zation and carcass
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Bishop, Y.M. The Veterinary Formulary. 4th ed. RoyalPharmaceu-
tical Society of Great Britain and British Veterinary; 1998.
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reduces intestinal inflammation and blood loss in non -ste-
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Wiseman J, eds. The Nutrition of the Rabbit. CABI Publishing;
1998:1 7-38.
MOLLY VARGA

(Gillett,

(hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal

halothane
et al.,

et al.,
1997; Hedenqvist et al.,

et al.
et al.,

Paws Report,

135
I 136

| I I I

(collateral myocardial

(French
 CHAPTER 4

, I

(supraglottic airway

et al.,

body
Wk/75) (Aeschbacher,

et al.,

(Krall et al., 2019)

 .

(4-6 mL/kg)
(Portex,

and Mancinelli,
4.4.2

4.4.3

2004; Swenson et al., 2008; Eatwell and

Mancinelli,
 CHAPTER 4

Acepromazine 0.5-1 mg/kg IM,SC

Acepromazine + 0.5 mg/kg + 0.5 mg/kg SC,IM
butorphanol
Adrenaline 20µg/kg SC, IV : 1000 (1 mg/ml)
: 10,000 (100 µg/ml)

Atipamezole 1 mg/kg SC, IM, IV

Atropine 0.05-0.5 mg/kg SQ, IM
. IM,IV

Buprenorphine 0.01 -0.05 mg/kg IV, SC

Butorphanol 0.1-0.5 mg/kg SC, IM, IV

Diazepam 1-2mg/kg IV, IM

Doxapram 2-5mg/kg IM, IV

IV,
20mUkg SC

Flumazenil 0.05-0.1 mg/kg IM,

IV
Gabapentin 5mg/kg SC

10mUkg IV, SC

Glycopyrrolate 0.01 mg/kg IVSC, IM

0.1 mg/kg
Ketamine 5-50 mg/kg IM IV (IV IM

Ketamine + xylazine 35 mg/kg + 5 mg/kg IM

Medetomidine 0.05-0.5 mg/kg SQ IM IM

lV,
140

0.05mg/kg Med+ ket

Medetomidine + 5mg/kg IV, bup IM
+ ketamine + 0.03mg/kg
+ buprenorphine
0.2mg/kg SC
Medetomidine + 10mg/kg
+ ketamine + 0.05mg/kg Medetomidine+ 0.15 mg/kg
+ butorphanol ketamine

0.05mg/kg Med + ket

Medetomidine + Smg/kg IV, meth
+ ketamine + 0.3mg/kg IM
+ methadone
Methadone 0.2-0.5 mg/kg IM
Midazolam 0.5-2mg/kg IV

IM,
Midazolam IV
+ medetomidine 0.05mg/kg
+ ketamine + 5mg/kg

Morphine 0.5-2.0 mg/kg IM

Naloxone 10-100 µg/kg IM, IV, IP

Pethidine 5-10mg/kg
Tramadol 10-15mg/kg SC

4.4.4
azine
|Acepromazme - -
J
(Bishop,
 CHAPTER 4

et al.,

4.4.5

I
4.4.6.2 Medetomidine
• (y-aminobutyric

et al.,

(Green,
2008)

et al., 4.4.6.3 Dexmedetomidine

4.4.6

- -

et al.,

4.4.6.1 Xylazine (Plumb,

142

I } |

Ketamine .

Propofol

Alfaxalone

lsoflurane/sevoflurane

4.4.6.4 Etomidate

and :

Lennox,

and Studdert,

antiinflammatory
drug,
--
 CHAPTER4

' '

(Murphy et al.,

4.4.7.3 Butorphanol

et al.,

(Flecknell,

and Hustead,
4.4.7.2

et al.,

4.4. 7.4 Fentanyl

Lichtenberger and Lennox

fentanyl
 144
- -- - -- - -- - - -- -

mg/kg

4.4.8.2 Gabapentin

4.4.9.1 Doxapram

4.4.7.5 Pethidine (Meperidine)

and Pleuvry 1978; Flecknell et al.,

1998)

and Pleuvry

4.4. 7.6 Methadone

(natriuresis) (Kim et al.,

(Ward etal.,

4.4.9.2 Naloxone

4.4.8.1 Tramadol

and Lennox,

mg/kg
~-
 CHAPTER4

''
Flumazenil | and Webb,

•
(Aeschbacher and Webb,

4.4.10.3 Ketamine

(Murphy et al.,

4.4.10.1 Alfaxalone .

•
•
gas partition
•

oxide

4.4.10.2 Propofol

4.4.11.1 lsoflurane

(therapeutic
et al.,

thane
 146
-- - -- -

(Marano et al.,
(minimum alveolar concentration, et al.,

(Blood and Studdert,

4.4.11.2 Sevoflurane

4.4.11.3 Halothane
Halo

(Wixson,

(Wixson,
 CHAPTER 4

''
and Howes,
Innovent)

positive pressure
ventilation, IPPV) (Crotaz,

(lidocaine: lntubeaze, Arnolds Veterinary

Veterinary

(Flecknell,

mask
 I 1 `~

(1 : 10,000)
0.2 mUkg

(Lichtenberger and Lennox,

IM/ IV/ IT (2-5mg/ kg)

atropine 0.35 mUkg (0.2 0.01 -

0.1

cycling)

et al.,

et al.,
 CHAPTER 4

, I

et al.,

et al.,

grimace scale) (Leach et al., 2009)

action

pain

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MOLLY VARGA SMITH

(Gidenne, 2010; Jin et al.,

(Snipes et al.,

et al.,

et al.,
and Ruckesbusch,

et al.,

153
I 154

I ?

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,_ I
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I

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et al.,
 CHAPTER 5

' '

and Studdert,
I_ 156

and Gidenne,

(Bacteroides Blas and Wiseman

1988)

anaerobic
metachromatic bacteria,

and Chang,

et al.,

1981)

et al.,
and Mongin,

et al.,
 CHAPTER 5

''

et al.,

(Licois et al., and Cornelius,

is et al.,

and Gidenne,

et a l.,
158

et al.,

and Nilsson,

(Ojerio and Ladiges,

et al.,

and Ladiges, 1981; Gillett et al., 1983)

and
 CHAPTER 5

' '
(Okerman, 1988)

(Marty and Vernay,

160

et al.,
et al., sensitive lipase, HSL)

(insulin
and Fish,
 CHAPTER 5

' I

cell volume, PCV)

and Gibbs,

•
162

-
 NSAIDs (Questran)

X X

X X X X X
,`
X X

X X
Buprenorphine
carprofen

X X
Excel

X . X Metronidazole X
`
]
Z>
Excel

_.._

NSA/0 antiinflammatory
164

1'

Metoclopramide 0.5 mg/kg SC bid

Cisapride 0.5 mg/kg PO bid

Domperidone 0.5 mg/kg PO tid

Maropitant 1 mg/kg SC sid

Buprenorphine 0.03 mg/kg SC bid

NSAIDs
Carprofen 3 mg/kg
Meloxicam 0.3-0.6 mg/kg

Paracetamol 10-30 mg/kg PO or IV tid

Ranitidine 2mg/kg IV or
5mg/kg PO

Trimethoprim/sulfa 40 mg/kg PO bid

Metronidazole 40 mg/kg PO bid

0.5g/kg bid

1-2mUkg bid

10mUkg
 CHAPTER 5

^n

(100 mUkg/24h)

0.5 mg/kg

(Supreme Recovery formula, and

Recovery Plus, Oxbow Critical
Care Formula) Recovery

Selective,
Burgess Suparabbit Excel)
50-1 00 mg/kg
2 mg/kg (nandrolone)

Prednisolone 0.5-2 mg/kg PO, IM, SC

Dexamethasone 1-3mg/kg IM, IV

Betamethasone 0.1 mg/kg IV

; IM ; IV ; NSA/0
cell volume) ; PO ; SC ; sid daily) ; bid dai ly) ; tid
times

parenteral nutrition, TPN)

et al.,
I 166

I
- - -

Ringer's
(Hartmann's solution)

and Piquer,

(BNF,
 CHAPTER 5

' '
——--|

(Hinton,1980) •

et al.,

et al.,

ti

Food and Drug

168

Duodenum (descending part)

Pancreas (right lobe)

in mesoduodenum

Duodenum (ascending part)

Jejunum

Brown
Upper proximal colon
® (ascending colon)

Ampulla coh Sacculus rotundus

Xiphisternum
Liver

Stomach

and Ireton, Fusus coli

(ascending colon) Ileum

Lower proximal colon

(ascending colon)

Liver

Stomach (reflected)
Pancreas (left lobe)
in omentum

Spleen
Pancreas (right lobe)

Duodenum
(descending part)

Duodenojejunal
Distal colon flexure
(ascending colon

Distal colon
(descending colon)
@
 CHAPTER 5

''

and Cope

antiinflammatory drugs, NSAIDs)

170

(Lang,

(antimesenteric

poliglecaprone (Monocryl)
(PDS II,

and Dupre,

et al.,

(Gidenne,

1981; Orenjo and Gidenne,

CHAPTER 5
172

et al., 1991; Garcia et al.,

(Carabafi.o and Piquer,

et al.,

rabbit enteropathy, ERE)

and Merritt,
 CHAPTER 5

' '
| -———]

et al.,

Chang,

(McLeod and Katz,

and
Chang,

et al.,

and
174

and Dysko, 1994; Bauerl

et al.,

and Merritt,

and
Targowski,

and Hamar,
CHAPTER

' '

et al.,

mg/kg
| 176

< 100

Clostridium

syndrome)

der Hage and Dorrestein,

Cheeke 1996; Whitwell

der Hage and Dorrestein,

I
1991; Griffiths
and Whitwell, der (1996)

and Needham,
 CHAPTER 5

- ---- -
''
I

Gaskell syndrome)

-- ------ -----

] Eimeria
et al.,

intes-

Eimeria
•
Eimeria

2009)
178
- -- - - - -- -

(Dorzi et al.,
River

E. stiedae'E.

toltrazuril (2.5-5 (50

et al.,
et al.,

et al.,
2007; Pakandl, 1995)
et al.,
et al.,

and Wagner,
1997) •

et al.,

and Geeroms, 1986; Singla et al.,

2000; Redrobe et al.,
 CHAPTER 5

''
and Salih~ 201 4) spiroforme

difficile et al.,
et al.,

aminotransferase,
aminotransferase,
transferase,

et al.,
C.
et al.,
spiroforme toxin,

,
C.

and Gidenne,

and
I 180

Evans,

et al.,

et al.,

lethality
and Manning,

et al.,
2010) :
E. coli, EPEC)
E. coli,

EHEC)
E. coli, EIEC)
E. coli, ETEC)
E. coli, EAEC)
E. coli, DHEC)
distending toxin, CDT)
I
• C.
 CHAPTER 5

''

chloramphenicol

piliformis intracellularis)
piliforme (Besch-Williford, Lawsonia
et al., 2008)

C.

and Manning,

(2017)
182

et al.,

et al.,

and Mare, and Gerken,

calcium edetate
et al.,

enteric coronavirus,

et al.,

and Mare,
•
-
 CHAPTER 5

' '
hemorrhagic
simplex)
et al.,

and Gerrity,

•
•
•
I
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 •

1995)

et al., 1973)

and Lobprise, 1995; Bertonnier-Brouty et al.,

2 O 3 O
I : - C:-P: - M: - =l6
1 0 2 0

2 O 3 3
I : -=- C :.::. P :.::. M :.::. = 28
1 0 2 3

187
I

(periodontal

et al.,
®
Incisors occluded: Cheek teeth apart

®
Cheek teeth occluded: Incisors open

ab-

et al.,

et al.,
et a l.,
 CHAPTER 6

~)\

l
Enamel fold Dentine horn

Pulp cavity trace Periodontal

Groove I IIl, .,
Enamel

Dentine
I Pulp

Enamel
I Mantle dentine

Dentine
Pulp cavity
Cementum (acellular)

Lingual
Bone cementum

® ® Bone
Distal
@

Bone

Dentine horn

Mantle dentine

Bone cementum

Periodontal
ligament

Cementum
(acellular)

and Yamamura,
|

nature)
 CHAPTER6

' '

prise,

1936; Taylor,

1936; Ness,
1956; Lowe,

et al.,

Hamidur

Mesial

Distal

® ® @ ® Teeth once in contact

Maxillary teeth now seen from above

Anatomica
I

Enamel fold containing

bone cementum

Enamel

Dentine

Alveolus

Lamina dura •
Incisor

Lamina dura

®
dura supporting
Ventral cortical bone apex of tooth

cm (5 cm (8
 CHAPTER 6

' '
lt ·

+, Maxillary midline dorsal

}}

Maxillary midline ventral

t\j

et al. • 1989 ; •

]
 :
I 194

Nasolacrimal duct

Ventral meatus

® ® @

(Ireson,

dental disease,
 CHAPTER 6

''

and Redrobe,

et al.,

ley,

and Lobprise,

1988; Lindsey and Fox,

Brown

et al.,

and Harrington,
|
I

strike)

et al., 1965; Fowler, 1986)

et al.,

Shorafa et al.,
and Noren,
et al., 1961; McRoberts
 ' '

and Favia,

•
25-0 H-
198

(A)-

.,
 CHAPTER 6

' '

and Smith, 1967)

(Harcourt-Brown, 1996)

et al.,

reproduced with kind

permission from Waltham
et aJ.,

et al.,
| 2OO /

Acellular cementum
Dentme
Enamel

and
Harcourt-Brown,

®
Bone cementum

Acellular cementum
0.44% (Chapin and Smith, 1967; McDonald et al.,
Dentine Enamel
Pulp cavity trace

®
Bone cementum

• 1116.18

et al.,

1971; Goodman
et al.,

et al.,
 CHAPTER 6

' '
and Honasoge,

__ |

et al., 1983; Proffitt and Sellers,

•
(disuse

and Stewart,

Nerve to maxillary molanform teeth Maxillary nerve

Articular surtace of mandible

lnfraorbital foramen

lnfraorbital nerve

Nerve to maxillary incisors

Mandibular nerve

Palatine nerve

Lingual nerve
Nerve to mandibular incisor
Mylohyoid nerve
.
Mandibular alveolar nerve

Pointed lingual edge of occlusal surtace

Nerve to mandibular incisor

Mandibular alveolar nerve

Area of mandibular symphys,s
Mandibular foramen
 CHAPTER 6

' '

(Lozupone and Favia,

2O4

Pnmary maxillary incisor

Peg tooth

Nasal cavity

Root of primary maxillary incisor

Facial tubercle 1st upper premolar

2nd upper premolar

3rd upper premolar

Zygomatic bone

Mandibular
cheek teeth

Temporomandibular
joint

Condylar process

Tympanic bulla

Foramen magnum

(mandibular

and Fox,

(Chai, 1970; Fox and Crary, 1971)

 CHAPTER 6

' '

1997; Turner,
206

|
 CHAPTER 6

, '

(Bishop,
I 208
 CHAPTER 6

' '

and Redrobe,

(Rosskopf and Woerpel, 1982; Eisele,

and Robinson,
21O

Infra-orbital
foramen
Inferior alveolar
foramen

Brown

Mental Mandibular
foramen incisure

courtesy Heather

(1 (1

:
 CHAPTER 6

' '

and Crossley,

Veterinary Instrumentation, Sheffield) •

Instrumentation, Sheffield)
212

Instrumentation,
 CHAPTER6
, .
I

and Baker,
 { |

|
 and Studdert,

teurella multocida

et al.,
2002; Cho et al.,

et al.,
Pseudomonas spp. (Chaffee et al., 1975;
Dominguez et al., 1975; Ward et al.,

et al.,

et al.,

217
218

and Krueger,

(Hinton et al., 1982; Harcourt-Brown and Baker,

et al.,

cus

(Bamberger et al.,

and Lumeij, 1987; Bohmer and Kostlin,

1988; Harcourt-Brown, 1995;

et al.,

Wu
etal.,

et al.,
 CHAPTER 7

,
.

enrofloxacin)

•
220

-- - - -

ADD

· ,
 CHAPTER 7

, .

reproduced with kind permission

from Waltham Focus.)

1997)

I
222

(Harcourt-Brown,

(osteogenic

•
 CHAPTER 7

, .
I
—- -
— |

et al.,

et al.,
Wu et al.,

et al.,
224

_ _J
- - -

1995) ;

Blackwell
 CHAPTER 7

, .
et al.,

(Varga
226

•
(Martinotti et al.,

(Molan,

Pyogenes (Schneider et al.,

et al.,

and
Zaker,
et al.,
et al., Animal

(Olson et al., et al.,

et al.,
 CHAPTER 7

, .

concentrations,
et a l.,

et al.,

et al.,

et a l., •
teurella

(Knight et al.,

and •

Gaon,

•
228

et al.,

et al.,

et al.,

and Galloway,
and
Hadley,
et al.,
et al.,
(Wheler et al.,
and Forbes,

process)

and Mader,
D and
Hadley, 1976; Keogh et al., 1989; Jacob et al., 1991; Cornell
et al., 1993; Seligson et al.,

and Nelson,

et al.,
 CHAPTER 7
, .
of Paris,

(Veterinary Instrumentation,
sulfate

et al., °c

and Hadley,

and Cumberland,

et al.,

2 : :
: et al.,
°C :

60 et al.,

: 5 (Calhoun and Mader,

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et al.,
230

et al., 1999; Steiner et al., 1999;

Owen et al.,

and Williams,

fusidic acid (Wheler et al.,

et al., 1987)

ycin (Elliott,

(Tobias et al.,
 CHAPTER 7

Alpert B, Colosi T, von Fraunhofer JA, Seligson D. The in vivo

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1835-1841.
MOLLY VARGA

fibrosis)
and Hartley,
2000; Mackay,

(sore (urine

234
 CHAPTER 8
, .

courtesy Heather Pinchien.)

mite, Leporacarus

tape
236

point

et al.,
 CHAPTERS
, .

et al.,

et al,

1987)

et al.,

ointments ;
oxide
[Meadows Animal
(Yetericyn,

- - -

and Harvey,
I 238

Cephalexin

Doxycycline

(ribosomal

Enrofloxacin

Marbofloxacin

Metronidazole

Oxytetracycline

Penicillin

Trimethoprim/
sulfadiazine

monas
dermatitis
disease",

and Manning,

et al.,
S.
aureus, fur
 CHAPTER 8

et al.,
antiin-
flammatory drugs,

Pasteurella

disease

(Leo
(Leo

(S.
I

et al.,

Polyglactin
910 (Vicryl Rapide,

strike/
 CHAPTER 8
, .

• Rearguard

(Pevidine Surgical
fly, Cuterebra

et al.,

(Novartis Animal
|

Cyromazine
(Rearguard)

(Advantage 40
and 80)

lmidacloprid
Permethrin
Advantix (Bayer)

lvermectin
Pharmaq
lvermectin
drops 0.8%

Lufenuron
(Program)

Moxidectin +
lmidacloprid
Advocate (Bayer)

Permethrin
Xenex Ultra
and Spot-on
(Dechra)
? ?·
Selamectin ·

Stronghold

(diverticulosis) (Chitty,

extern

•
 CHAPTER 8
, .

cu-

et al.,

et al. ,
• Psoroptes

(Stronghold,
moxidectin/imidacloprid, eprinomectin,

(Flecknell,
|
and Dysko,

(Ruchti et al.,

et al.,

Kevin Eatwell, University of Edinburgh.)

and Sclender-Bi:ibbis,

(Advocate,

et al., 2003) ;
et al.,

(Cutler,

flexor

et al.,

et al.,

sore) (Bergdall
 CHAPTER 8

Second phalangeal bone

Metatarsal bone
Calcaneus w
Proximal sesamoid bone
Central tarsal bone
Distal sesamoid bone

Normal digitigrade stance of the rabbit Abnormal stance of a rabbit with displaced superficial flexor tendon

2000)
 response) :

Flexor digitorum superficialis (SDF)

Flexor hallucis longus (deep digital flexor)

et al.,

®
Anatomy of distal hindlimb of rabbit

Flexor digitorum superficialis (SDF)

tarsal tarsal bone])
Flexor digitorum longus
(not part of the deep digital flexor)

Flexor hallucis longus (deep digital flexor)

Tibialis cranialis

calcanean
tendon lax

t
Unable to

® tense

Displacement of the superficial flexor tendon

Palmar annular ligament Digital insertion of SDF

Superficial digital
flexor (SDF) tendon

Dislal digilal annular ligament

@
Distal Attachments of the superficial and deep fiexor tendons
 CHAPTER 8

Skin,

tarsal
I

fox

(peat

bandages; Nu
Bayer; Germolene, Bayer; Opsite, Smith and

et al. ,
 CHAPTER 8
, .
(intramedullary

releasing
I 250

(Cheyletiella

(Iglauer et qi.,
 CHAPTER 8

T.

(0.2-0.4 mg/kg

et al.,
1991; Vachon, 1999)

Granuloma)

et al.,
Giacomo et al.,

et al.,

paraluiscuniculi
paraluiscuniculi Treponema para/uiscunicu/i

erland
(Delong and Manning,
252

and Manning, et al.,

and Fox,
units,
mg
42000-84000
(Duphapen, Pfizer; Depocillin, MSD Animal
leporispalus-

ear tick, Otobius

Mountain spotted fe-

400 µg/kg
(Jenkins,

I
/ides

cuniculi

•
IU/kg

(Advantage 40,
(Stronghold,
 CHAPTER 8

, .

(Cutler,

Mites)

C. gibbus

(ivermectin,
(Frontline, Meriel)
et al.,

Imidacloprid (Advantage 40,

et al.,

parasitovorax)

C.
nonburrowing

and Harvey, 1994)'

and et al.,
Wiemers,
254

and Robinson,

and Barthold,
cysts)
et al., Taenia
et al., (Coenurus

2001;
Wills,
8.15.3. 7

(Trichophyton
mites, Neotrombicula

and Kraus, et al.,

 CHAPTERS

Microsporum
Trichophyton schoenleinii (Scott et al.,

et al.,
et al.,
(10 mg/kg •
(5-10

(enzyme-linked immunosorbent

• Cheyletiefla gibbus

fibrosarco-
• C.

• C.

• L.
• Demodex

• Haemodipsus

Microsporum

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(Eglitis,
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(blood et al.,

259
I 260

Third eyelid
Gland of the third eyelid
Lacrimal gland

Punctum lacrimale
lobe

Exit of nasolacrimal duct

Mediodorsal bend
in the nasolacrimal duct
lobe

Lacrimal sac
lnfraorbital of the
accessory lacnmal gland

et al.,
(punctum

Neisseria
Pasteurella
(Marini et al.,
Staphylococcus

Neisseria
Moraxella spp. (Cooper et al.,
(Burling et al.,

et al.,
 CHAPTER 9

(thymic

serialis

tear
pressure,
Hg (Williams,

O-ll.22mm/min +
I dwarf

et al., sicca)

tear red thread)

red
262

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chamber

et al.,

et al.,

of acquired dental

membranous

(Roze
et al.,
 CHAPTER 9

1977; Millichamp
and Collins, 1986; Cobb et al.,
and Kulshrestha, 1985;
Marini et al.,

pocket technique ; Janssens

et al., 1999;

and Lowman,

I
264

and
Studdert,

(Habin,
 CHAPTER 9

and Carrington,

et al. ,
iothalamate (Conray
|
 CHAPTER 9

iothalamate (Conray

iothalamate (Conray

iothalamate (Conray

and
Bohstedt, 1937; Hunt and Harrington,

et al.,

et al.,

Baumann,
|
brush; diamond

multocida

vi

E.

et al., 1993; Stiles et al.,

et al.,

et al.,

et al.,

et al., (phacoclastic
et al.,
 CHAPTER 9

' .

and Gobel,
Encephalitozoon

oxytetracycline

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et al., 1994) •

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E.

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MOLLY VARGA

(DeSanto,
nervous system ,

and Benum,
Garcia-

272
 CHAPTER 10

, '

and Bennett,

et al.,
|
Patient Information:
Age: Sex :
Physical Examination:
Muscle Mass :
Muscle Atrophy:
Head Palpation:
Spinal Palpation:
Musculoskeletal Examination:
General:
Mental Status: Normal Depressed Stuporous Comatose
Posture: Head Trunk Limbs
Gait: Normal
Abnormal: Which leg(s) affected?
Weakness Lameness Paralysis
Postural: RF LF RH LH
• Conscious proprioception
• Wheelbarrow hopping
• Hemiwalking
• Visual placing
• Tactile placing
Spinal Reflexes: Left Right
• Biceps
• Gastrocnemius
• Patellar
• Triceps
• Perinea!
• Withdrawal
• Panniculus
LF LH RF RH
• Crossed extensor
Cranial Nerves Right Left
• II
1. Menace
2. Fundic
• Ill
1. Pupillary size
2. PLR direct
3. PLR consensual
• Ill, IV, VI
1. Strabismus
2. Physiological nystagmus
3. Corneal reflex
4. Pupil size
• V
1. Palpebral reflex
2. Corneal reflex
3. Jaw t one
4. Lip pinch
5. Masticatory muscle atrophy
• VI
1. Strabismus .
2. Physiological nystagmus
3. Corneal reflex
• VII
1. Facial symmetry
2. Palpebral reflex
• VIII
1. Auditory
2. Head tilt
3. Nystagmus: Positional Non-positional
Horizontal
Vertical
Rotatory
Fast Phase
• IX, X,XI
1. SVfallowing
• XII
2. Tongue movement
3. Tongue atrpphy
 CHAPTER 10

(Image courtesy Heather Pinchien.)

cuniculi
10.4 Encephalitozoon cuniculi
Encephalitozoon
10.4.1 Encephalitozoon

E.
|
|
cuniculi

cuniculi
et al.,

; Cray et al.,

multocida

I
• Encephalitozoon

(Barthold et al.,
 CHAPTER 10

, .

supplied by Malcolm S ilkstone , Abbey

Veterinary Services, Newton Abbot.)

and Gerrity,
278

t ll u

Encephalitozoonosis cuniculi

. ,
280

P.

(Broome et al.,

et al.,

and Shealy, -
• -Mn ^u
CHAPTER 10

multocida.)

cuniculi

(Hunt and Harrington,

282
....-

(Lang, and Cornelius,

et al.,

et al.,

(Bishop,
et al.,

3.5-7 mmol/L ; Gillett,

et al.,

et al.,
 CHAPTER 10

- .
-iJi ==n

Encephalitozoon cuniculi

E. cuniculi
I 284

Toxoplasma, Neospora

`
E. cuniculi
 CHAPTER 10

calcium ethylenediaminetetraacetic

(splay

(Lowe,
286

| |

Miller,
1994; Boydell,
(Gilsanz et al., 1991)
1996)
(Wu et al., and
Harcourt-Brown,
 CHAPTER 10

, .

et al.,

Baxter,

(1996)

(Metacam ,
Boehringer
MOLLY VARGA

and Cruise,

nasal

P.

(Wang et al.,

Pasteurella

(6
(sneezing

290
 CHAPTER 11

et al.,

>
292

et al.,

to conchal sinus

® Nasal opening

,
 CHAPTER 11

, .

(De Matos et al.,

(aural diverticulosis) (Chitty,

(Tinelli et al.,

Emery
et al.,
294

multocida

et al.,
multocida

etal.,

et al.,

Bordetella
 CHAPTER 11

et al.,

and Shealy, 1996; Redrobe, et al.,

et al., 1994; Watanabe et al., 1999;

Gilbert et al., 2004; Capello, 2014) et al., 1989; Green et al., 1996;
2008; Capello, Hendrix and Cox,

virulence

et al.,

hemorrhagic

11.2.7.1 Bordetella bronchiseptica

B.
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-

et al.,
2013) (Kirkpatrick et al.,
voriconazole (Roffey et al.,

and Ho

bronchisep- et al.,

I
nasal

rate,
rate,
refil time, CRl)

et al.,

et al.,

et al.,

et al., 1994;
Chakrabarti et al., and Sheth
CHAPTER 11
, .
I
multocida

et al.,
298

42 °C-45

et al.,

et al.,

left
cranial vena

triatriatum

(Image courtesy M. Holgate.)

 CHAPTER 11
, .
I I | I
et al., 1974)

(0.005 P-R : 0.05-0.1 s

ORS : 0.015-0.04 s

mg/kg

7.2-7.5

3.

glycopyrrolate (0.01
(10-

et al.,
and Benet,
1-2 mg/kg
0.25-0.5

• Pimobendan : 0.1-0.3

Mee! and Dierenden,

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3O0

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filtration rate,

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aggression)

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cremaster

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303
3O4

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CO2

and Curt-
hoys, 2006; De Oliviera et al.,
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and Amberg,

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D3
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polypoid

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urological fat lazy
cat and Studdert,

(urinary

and Baker,

` '
 CHAPTER 12

12.2)

et a l., 1988; Bourdeau et al.,

et al.,

,`
,.L
. ',`
,

m·
;,':'
,',`

¥', Eil
` ..,. ,` 'l,
rabbit
I 3O8
 CHAPTER 12

I I

12.6)

oxide
I 310

(Potassium
 CHAPTER 12

fluanisone (Hypnorm,

Leo Animal

(perineal
\12

(filtered

exchange
and Cruise,

and
Pecquet-Goad, 1998; Whary and Peper,

I
et al.,

µmo l/L
 CHAPTER 12

1981)

12.5.1 Encephalitozoon cuniculi

E.
Gambee

al.,

et al.,

(Hanke et al.,
poliglecaprone (Monocryl)
(Vicryl, Ethicon)

and
Dupre, and Barthold,
et al.,

tomatic congenital renal and G

Fox,
314

et al., renal

et al., 1986;
Zimmerman et al.,

et al., 1986; Tvedegaard,

renal

and Cruise,

and Sirota,
 CHAPTER 12
, .
dimethylarginine,

et al., 201 9) •

enzyme
[ACE] urea nitrogen ,

(angiotensin receptor drug)

I
(Varga

Smith, personal
316

et al.,

et al.,

flank

(anterior

'

uterine
(Bergdall and Dysko,
and Ensley,
·,
 CHAPTER 12

I l
Arvidsson

dow

et al., 1999)'

201 7) ,

Herniation)
multocida)
(Thas and Harcourt-Brown, 2013)
2013; Eckert et al.,

aglepristone
and Fieni,

et al.,
318

1989; Bray et al.,

Smith,
personal

venous aneurysms,
et al.,

(Baba and von Haam,

 CHAPTER 12

, ,

(Settai et al.,

stimulation

miliary abscesses)

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cell
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J Ural. 1986;135:602- 603. Whiting SJ, Quamme GA. Effects of dietary calcium on renal
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Reimnitz L, Sanchez-Migallon Guzman D, Alex C, et al. Multiple Yu HL, Glammarco R, Goldstein MB, et al. Stimulation of
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(2020)

rabbit

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releasing hormone,

(Lennox and Chitty,

2019)

(euthyroid sick
et al., 2007)

et al.,

(parathyroid hormone,
Goericke-

Leuprolide
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Beyer C, et al. Persistence of sexual behaviour in ovariectomised-

adrenalectomised rabbits treated with cortisol. Endocrinology.
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Geyer A, Daub L, Otzdorff C, et al. Reversible estrous cycle sup-
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Goericke-Pesche S, Groeger G, Wehrent A. The effects of a slow
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5329-5338.
MOLLY VARGA SMITH

Haemodipsus

Spilopsyllus
et al.,
Psoroptes

Cheyletiella

Ctenocephalides
Leporacarus gibbus

325
 Spilopsyllus

spp.
Avermectins Haemodipsus

Psoroptes cuniculi

Cuterebra spp.

(Passalurus
ambiguous)
Obeliscoides
cuniculi

Eimeria

E. E.

lufenuron
Bordetella
bronchiseptica

resin)
Penicillin,

CHAPTE

14
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, ,

Psoroptes

Dr Sheelagh Lloyd, Division of

Animal Pathology, University of Cambridge.)

Leporacarus
L.

Cheyletiella

(Stronghold, (Advocate,

Cuterebra
330
----------- -- -

Passalurus

Cysticercus

retortaeformis (Allan et al., cuniculi

and Kraus,
1994)

et al.,

Cysticercus

Taenia
Coenurus
 CHAPTER 14

Peper,

et al.,

Enterocytozoon

__ | and
Gerrity,

and Gerrity,
E.

et al., 2000; Wasson

and Peper, 2000; Miiller-Doblies et al., cuniculi

et al.,

and Pognan,

Eimeria

X l.Sµm and Gerrity,

14.4.2 E. cuniculi
E. Microspora) •
and et al.,
 332

cuniculi

et al., 1972; Kunstyr and

Naumann,

and Barthold,
. `.

·.: -.
~· `

E.

et al.,

et al.,

et al., 1986; Sobottka et al.,

and Gerrity,

et al.,

Rodriguez-Torar
and Holloway,
 CHAPTER 14

, .

et al.,

and Fisher,

and colleagues,

cuniculi

E.

et al.,
and Stamper,
et al., cuniculi et al.,

et al., 2010)'
et al.,

et al.,
and Kapel,
Doblies et al.,
cuniculi (Pakes and Gerrity, griseus(Martino et al.,

and Ross, 1980; Cox et al.,

and Ross, 1980; Blevins, unpublished

data; R. Saunders, personal
334

et al., 1997)

et al.,
cuniculi
(Thomas et al.,

(Levkut et al.,
E. cuniculi

14.4.2.2 E.

et al.,

E.
cuniculi
and Gobel,
cuniculi
et al.,

immunodeficiency et al., 2008)

virus,
et al.,

(66.7%-68.1
and Shaw,

et al.,

and
Gobel,
 CHAPTER 14

, ,
cuniculi

(Wright and Craighead,

(Keeble et al.,
and Shaw,

and Peper,

et al., 1986; Keeble and Shaw,

et al.,

and Cox,

et al.,

et al., 1996; Weber et al., 1997; Weitzel et al.,

et al., 1999; Percy and

Barthold,

and Barthold,
and Barthold,

and Holloway,
chain
reaction,
336

tomography,
resonance imaging,

immu-
nofluorescence assays,
immunosorbent assays,

et al.,

cuniculi (Pye
and Cox,

and Barthold,

et al.,
E.
Ecuniculi |
• E.
• E.

(C-reactive •

(Cray et al.,
E.
 CHAPTER 14

' `

et al.,

14.4.2 .5 E.

(Graham et al.,

3. Fluoroquinolones

1. Benzimidazoles

Groote et al.,

et al.,
1995; Joste et al.,
 1967; Okerman, 1988; Almeria et al.,
et al.,

E. (Hennes
et al.,

et al.,

(Keeble,

Cryptosporidium
14.4.3 Toxoplasma gondii et al.,

and
Gerrity,

(assemblage

et al., Rabbit Society)

 CHAPTER 14

(https:/

et al.,
2015; Wang et al.,

(Deeb,
Pasteurella

multocida

(Manning et al.,
et al.,
P

et al.,

(Manning et al.,
and Corbett,

P
I
P and
et al., Carrington,

P. P et al.,

multocida
(Barthold et al.,

P.

and Badger,

• a
 CHAPTER 14

, ,

50%-70% (W hittaker,

et al.,

et a l., 14.5.2 Staphylococcus

et al.,
S.

P
et al.,

et al., 1987) • and Manning, 1994; Holmes

et a l.,

and Deeb, 14.5.3 Bordetella bronchiseptica

B.
342

enterica serotype
enterica serotype Enteriditis
(Delong,
et al., 2021)
et al., 14.5.6 Escherichia

coli (Swennes et al.,

et al., E.

14.5.4

and Manning,
and effacing)
et al.,
Bacillus piliformis (Besch-Williford,
and
Manning, 1994; Delong, 2012; Gelberg,

Clostridium

et al.,
and and Borriello,
Manning, 1994; Delong, C.
 CHAPTER 14

avium
paratuberculosis (Greig et al.,

et al.,
avium paratuberculosis (Beard et al.,

Treponema avium

(venereal

sis)

and
Evans,

and
Manning,

(Paratu-
berculosis, Johne's Disease}
avium subsp. paratuber-
culosis
tula-
—- - 344

and Fantani,

et al.,
and Ross,

Disease)
burgdor-

burgdorferi
and Speilman, and Fantani,

burgdorferi

brasiliensis)

is

and Ross,
 CHAPTER 14

, ,

and Fantani,

and Fantani,

and Fantani,
Anopheles

(Marchandeau et al.,

and Ross,

and Ross,

and Ross,

genus)

fibroma

(Fenner and Ross,

and Fantani,
346

and Fantani,

et al.,
Myx:o-RHD) •

(rabbit hemorrhagic disease,

et al.,
hemorrhagic
disease 2,
Myx:o

hemorrhagic disease,

cali-
civirus disease,

and
Fantani,
 CHAPTER 14

, ,
(European brown hare syndrome,

et al., and
Fantani,

and
Fantani,
 Gall-Recule et al.,

(Donnelly,

(Rouco et al.,

et al.,

(Chasey et al.,

hemorrhagic disease 2,

Gall-Recule et al.,
 CHAPTER 14

et a l., 2000; Spibey et a l., •

Myxo-RH D, MSD
Animal •

I
cuniculi)

et a l.,
•

and Mare,

I pallidum

and Mare,
MOLLY VARGA

Welfare Association and Fund,

(Westgate

; Yeates,
et al.,

Rabbit

and McCobb, X 2 X
ft = 30.48

et al., 2017)

354
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et al.,

15.3.1

protective equipment,
356

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/www.who.int, et al.,
358

et al.,
CHAPTER 15
MOLLY VARGA SMITH

361
362

|
 CHAPTER 16

, ·

Incisive bone
Condylar process

Occipital bone

Tympanic bulla

Primary maxillary incisor

Peg tooth

Mandibular incisor Angular process

G Zigzag occlusal surtace

) of cheek teeth

Ventral cortical bone

364

Primary maxillary incisor

Peg tooth

Nasal cavity

Root of primary maxillary incisor

`
1st upper premolar

2nd upper premolar

3rd upper premolar

Alveolar bone
surrounding maxillary
cheek teeth

Zygomatic bone

cheek teeth

Temporomandibular
joint

Condylar process

Foramen magnum
G)

___
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, .
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Matos,
368

(Onuma et al., 2010 ; Morabi et al., 2015 ; Ukaha and Iloh,

 CHAPTER 16

, .

et al., 2010).
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of Charly Pignon.)

Dierig J-A, Fehr M, Eckert Y, et al. Diatrizoate contrast agent for the
study of luminal patency and visualization of the gastrointestinal
tract in healt hy rabbits (Oryctolagus cunicu/us) and its influence
on selected blood parameters and faecal quality. J Exot Pet Med
2021 ;37:8-15.
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assessment with
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Banzato T, Bellini L, Contiero B, Sellieri P. Abdominal ultrasound features and reference values in 21 healthy rabbits. Vet Rec. 2014;176(4):101

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of Charly Pignon.) of Charly Pignon.)

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of Charly Pignon.)

(Courtesy of Charly Pignon.)

of Charly
Pignon.)

Adel A. Two-dimensional sonography biometry evaluation of rabbit's

eyes. Global Veterinaria. 2011 ;6:220-222

of Charly Pignon.)
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of Charly of Sergio Silvetti .)

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Munoz-Moreno et a l. , 2013; Mulhaupt et al.,
(dorsal

povidone

and
Capello,

389
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tissue

and Graham,

et al.,

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et al., 2007; McFad-

den,
 CHAPTER 17

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and };lecknell,
Dr. Charly Pignon, EnvA, France.)

et al., 1990; Maratea et al., 2007;

al.,

Dr. Charly
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394

Dr. Charly Pignon, EnvA,

France.)

Dr.
Charly Pignon, EnvA, France.)

et al.,

and Raidal,
 CHAPTER 17

, .

2006)

(Courtesy Dr. Charly Pignon, EnvA, France.) Dr. Charly Pignon, EnvA, France.)
et al., et al.,

Dr. Charly Pignon, EnvA,

France.)
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Dr. Charly
Pignon , EnvA, France.)
(Courtesy Dr. Charly Pignon, EnvA, France.)

(bulldog vascular

Dr. Charly Pignon , EnvA, France.)

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405
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eustachian

Matos et al.,

(Capello, 2008)

ear canal
ablation and bulla osteotomy,

(0.5 (0.4
(0.3

Dr. Charly
Pignon, EnvA, France.)
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Dr. Charly
Dr. Charly Pignon, EnvA, France.) Pignon, EnvA, France.)

[PMMA] et al.,

(case
ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy, TECALBO)
(Chow, 2011; Smeak,
 CHAPTER

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2009; Csomos et al., 2016)
bulla osteotomy,

Lone

burr)

et al.,

(Jekl
et al., 2015)
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et al.,

(Lennox and Reavill, 2014; string suture

Nakata et al., trap

Rhinotomy)

Dr. Charly Pignon, EnvA, France.)

 CHAPTER 19

Dr.
Charly Pignon, EnvA, France.) Dr. Charly Pignon ,
EnvA, France.)

et al.,

Rhinostomy)

and
Mans,

Rhinostomy)

2014; Lennox and Reavill,

412

(Courtesy Dr. Charly Pignon, EnvA, France.)

and
McEntee, 2005; Kunzel et al.,

Dr. Charly Pignon, EnvA, France.)

(Sanchez-Migallon et al., 2006; Andres et al.,

analgesia
 CHAPTER 19

, .
et al.,

and Jardel,

lobecto-

et al. ,
overlapping suture

Dr. Charly Pignon , EnvA, France.)

Dr. Charly Pignon,

(Courtesy Dr. Charly Pignon, EnvA, France.) EnvA, France.)
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3.0 sutures) •

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Dr. Charly Pignon, EnvA,

France.)

Dr. Charly
Pignon, EnvA, France.)
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Lone
and Staff,
2007; Wenger et al., 2009; Stanke et al., 2011; Pignon et al.,

(1973)

lobe

et al.,
et al., et al.,

aminotransferase,
aspartate aminotransferase,
y-glutamyltransferase,

Dr.
Charly Pignon, EnvA, France.)
 Dr. Charly
Pignon, EnvA, France.)

Dr. Charly Pignon, EnvA,

France.)

et al.,

(Graham et al., Dr. Charly Pignon, EnvA, France.)

 CHAPTER

, ,
Carrasco, 2019; Donnelly and Vella,

and Calvo Carrasco,

and Lightfoot,
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(Courtesy Dr. Charly Pignon, EnvA, France.) et al.,

Pertierra
et al., et al., 2018; Miwa and Calvo Carrasco,
and Calvo Carrasco,

et al., 2018; Miwa and Calvo

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and Calvo Carrasco, 2019) •

et al., 2010; Miwa and Calvo

418

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thermoformed cast

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Dr. Charly
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Dr. Charly Pignon, EnvA, France.)

Fixation)

configuration)

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Dr. Charly
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Dr.
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approach), 392 urea nitrogen, BUN), protein, C-RP), 87
192 315 CK), 77, 88
217 breast), 256 fiber), 23
detergent fiber, ADF), fur disease), 238 303
23 Rabbit Council), 2, 63
dental disease, 60 COX), 114
ADD), 194 191 mastitis), 256
renal failure), 314 212 305
256 gland), 303 394
aminotransferase, 262
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304 impaction), 157 304
187, 191 170, 240 196
steroid), 114,315 10, 170 cuniculi), 254
rest), 417 187
converting enzyme, ACE), 124 303 fibrosis), 234
refil time, ringworm),
converting enzyme [ACE] CRT), 296 350
315 138 180
gap, AG), 91 319 240
188 63 156
210 equina), 285 cardiomyopathy,
presentation), 316 187 DCM), 125
amnesia), 141 nervous system, atrophy), 202
CNS), 272 242
aminotransferase, AST), 77, 88 fluid, CSF), 71 rhinostomy),
diverticulosis), 293 dilator), 138 411
parasitovorax), rhinotomy), 410
B 253 ceiling),
coat), 236 renal failure), 314 143
culture), 236 303 curve),
237 C. 143
excess), 91 spiroforme toxin, CST), 179 187
eversion), 317 self-
390 mutilation), 250 E
gas partition dermatitis), 250 pregnancy), 317
coefficient), 145 ., triatriatum dexter), 298 nephroma), 313

440
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268 396
venous filtration rate, thoracotomy), 414
aneurysms, EVAs), 318 GFR), 85, 303 coat), 236
397 304 positive
397 pressure ventilation, IPPV), 147
(gonadotrophic-releasing hormone Fixation), 419
granuloma), 251 analog), 402 unit, IU), 110,
252
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268 releasing hormone, GnRH), 323 pin), 418
261 hairs), 236 pressure, IOP), 261
rabbit GABA (y-aminobutyric acid), 141 113
enteropathy, ERE), 172 transferase, toxin), 342
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syndrome, EBHS), 346
65 H K
261 ventricosus), 254
diets), 34 gland), 259 sicca), 261
cremaster muscle), solution), 166 268
303 mites), 254 234
pregnancy), 13, 153
316 L
stimulation test), 319 gland), 259
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action unit), 149 rate, HR), 296 solution), 166
lower urinary 305 1
tract disease), 306 coccidiosis), 178 dura), 362, 192
urological lipidosis), 314 anaerobic
syndrome), 306 303 metachromatic bacteria, LAMB),
fiber), 156 319 156
122 sensitive rhinostomy),
trap suture), 410 lipase, HSL), 160 411
effect), 98 Rabbit Society), thoracotomy),
252 338 414
strike/myiasis), 240 158 gibbus), 253
262 343
assessment with sonography for 307 diuretics), 304
trauma, FAST), 375 hormone, LH),
(hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal 121
hormone, FSH), 121 axis), 135 disease), 344
transmission), 184
and Drug I M
Administration, FDA), 118 response), 44 234
FOS), pain prognathism),
25 behavior), 149 204
coli), 13 motor 219
culture), 235 paralysis), 335
Mites), 253 canal), 303 concentration, MIC), 101
 rays), 262 ear grimace scale),
glands), 259 canal ablation and bulla osteotomy, 149
332 PECALBO), 407 hemorrhagic disease),
body size), 137 resistance), 345 85
307 teeth), 1, 187
alveolar diets), 34 hemorrhagic disease 2, RHD2), 348
concentration, MAC), 146 hemorrhagic
endoscopic gastrotomy, PEG), 70 disease, RHD), 346
concentrations, MICs), 227 period), 167 251,343
rations), 35 ligament), 188 cell distribution
Gambee protective width), 78
suture), 313 equipment, PPE), 355 uveitis), 268
dermatitis), 238 patch), 343 agenesis), 313
12 tube), 165 crown), 187
lethality assay), 405 rate, RR), 296
180 chain fetuses), 318
317 reaction, PCR), 335 410
409 test), 319
61, 344 (Polymethylmethacrylate, PMMA), glottidis), 146
228 254
N effect), pick), 211
144 108 182
395, 396 presentation), 316 Society
detergent fiber, 61 for the Prevention of Cruelty to
NDF),23 100, 113 Animals, RSPCA), 3
259
oxide), 146 membranous occlusion), 262 s
substance), 142 tear film), 259 rotundus), 12
analgesia), 143 mange), 254
antiinflammatory drug, NSAID), 142, analgesia), 169 tear test), 261
169,239 azotemia), 314 234
cascade), 100
pharmacological effect), ll8
medicine-veterinarian, POM-Vs), 98 250
behavior), 250 approach), 392
.vesicle), 303
187 cycling), 148 protein
405 59 electrophoresis, SPE), 87
405 262 dimorphism), 253
392 343
papillomavirus), 349
392 213 187
lacrimale), 260 hairs), 259
P string suture), 410 410
cell volume, PCV), 128, 317 194
161 urine), 306
411 R 340
hormone, PTH), calicivirus hocks), 244
18,89,91,323 disease, RCD), 346 leg), 285
( paratuberculosis, enteric coronavirus, 332
Johne's Disease), 343' RECV), 182 234
 protein:creatinine, UPC),
nephritis), 313 ear canal ablation and lateral bulla 93
thoracotomy), osteotomy, TECALBO), 408 sinus), 303
412 parenteral nutrition,
dose), 145 TPN), 165 V
217 local interference), 62
crowns), 187 anesthetic cream, EMLA), 65 spirochetosis),
airway 112 343
device,SGA), 137 pin bulla osteotomy,
splinting), 418 VBO), 409
dimethylarginine, SDMA), 86, 315 suture), 399 rhinotomy), 410
343 gland), 303
T 343 syndrome), 407
joint), Medicines
188 u Directorate), 100
fat lazy cat syndrome), cycling), 148
306 pododermatitis), 244
236 w
microangiopathy), 181 304 lamp) , 305