Namibia

Trust Administration Act, 2023

Act 11 of 2023

Legislation as at 21 July 2023

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The legislation in this collection has been reproduced as it was originally printed in the Government Gazette, with
improved formatting and with minor typographical errors corrected. All amendments have been applied directly to
the text and annotated. A scan of the original gazette of each piece of legislation (including amendments) is available
for reference.

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Trust Administration Act, 2023 (Act 11 of 2023)
Contents
Part 1 – INTRODUCTORY PROVISION .......................................................................................................................................................... 1

1. Definitions ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

Part 2 – CREATION OF TRUST AND CHARACTERISTICS OF TRUST ................................................................................................. 4

2. Creation of trust ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 4

3. Characteristics of trust ........................................................................................................................................................................... 4

4. Beneficiaries of trust ............................................................................................................................................................................... 4

5. Certain documents considered to be trust instruments ............................................................................................................ 5

6. Prohibition on administering oral trust ........................................................................................................................................... 5

7. Validity of trust ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 5

Part 3 – REGISTRATION OF TRUST .............................................................................................................................................................. 5

8. Registration of trust and authorisation to act as trustee .......................................................................................................... 5

9. Amendment of trust instrument ......................................................................................................................................................... 7

Part 4 – TRUSTEES ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 8

10. Disqualification to act as trustee or trust practitioner ............................................................................................................ 8

11. Appointment of trustees ..................................................................................................................................................................... 9

12. Foreign trustees ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 9

13. Security ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9

14. Duties of trustees ................................................................................................................................................................................ 10

15. Trustees to act jointly ....................................................................................................................................................................... 10

16. Restriction on exemption and indemnity provisions ............................................................................................................. 11

17. Keeping trust property separate .................................................................................................................................................... 11

18. Notifying address of trustee ........................................................................................................................................................... 11

19. Duty to prepare financial statements and furnish certain information ........................................................................... 12

20. Keeping of books ................................................................................................................................................................................ 12

21. Trust account ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 13

22. Beneficial ownership register ......................................................................................................................................................... 14

23. Resignation of trustee ....................................................................................................................................................................... 14

24. Death of trustee .................................................................................................................................................................................. 14

25. Remuneration and expenses of trustee ...................................................................................................................................... 15

26. Custody of books after termination of trust ............................................................................................................................. 15

Part 5 – TRUST PRACTITIONERS ................................................................................................................................................................ 15

27. Trust practitioners ............................................................................................................................................................................... 15

28. Services provided by trust practitioner ....................................................................................................................................... 16

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Part 6 – DUTIES OF ACCOUNTANTS AND AUDITORS ......................................................................................................................... 17

29. Duties of accountants and auditors ............................................................................................................................................. 17

30. Duty to report material irregularities .......................................................................................................................................... 17

Part 7 – DUTIES AND POWERS OF MASTER .......................................................................................................................................... 18

31. Power to appoint trustee ................................................................................................................................................................. 18

32. Duty to keep basic information register .................................................................................................................................... 18

33. Duty to keep beneficial ownership register .............................................................................................................................. 18

34. Request for information .................................................................................................................................................................... 19

35. Copies of documents ......................................................................................................................................................................... 19

Part 8 – POWERS OF COURT ........................................................................................................................................................................ 19

36. Power of court to amend trust instrument ............................................................................................................................... 19

37. Application for court order on failure by trustee to account or perform duties ........................................................... 20

38. Removal of trustee ............................................................................................................................................................................. 20

Part 9 – INVESTIGATION AND INSPECTION ........................................................................................................................................... 20

39. Appointment of inspectors .............................................................................................................................................................. 20

40. Inspection of books ............................................................................................................................................................................ 21

41. Investigation ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 21

42. Powers and functions of inspectors ............................................................................................................................................. 21

43. Privilege and self-incrimination .................................................................................................................................................... 23

Part 10 – GENERAL PROVISIONS ................................................................................................................................................................ 24

44. Electronic filing .................................................................................................................................................................................... 24

45. Review ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 24

46. Offences and penalties ..................................................................................................................................................................... 24

47. Administrative sanctions ................................................................................................................................................................... 25

48. Prohibition of disclosure of confidential information ........................................................................................................... 26

49. Guidelines .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 26

50. Limitation of liability ......................................................................................................................................................................... 27

51. Regulations ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 27

52. Delegation of powers and assignment of functions .............................................................................................................. 27

53. Repeal of laws ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 28

54. Transitional and savings provisions ............................................................................................................................................. 28

55. Short title and commencement ..................................................................................................................................................... 28

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Trust Administration Act, 2023 (Act 11 of 2023) Namibia

Trust Administration Act, 2023

Act 11 of 2023
Published in Government Gazette 8144 on 21 July 2023

Assented to on 19 July 2023

Commenced on 3 August 2023 by Trust Administration Act, 2023: Commencment

[This is the version of this document from 21 July 2023 and

includes any amendments published up to 29 November 2024.]

ACT
To regulate the control and administration of trusts; regulate trustees and trust practitioners providing
services relating to trusts; specify powers and functions of trustees in respect of trusts; to specify powers
and functions of Master in respect of trusts; specify powers and functions of court in respect of trusts; to
require Master and trustees to keep beneficial ownership registers and other registers relating to trusts;
and to provide for incidental matters.

BE IT ENACTED as passed by the Parliament, and assented to by the President, of the Republic of Namibia as
follows:

Part 1 – INTRODUCTORY PROVISION

1. Definitions
In this Act, unless the context indicates otherwise-

“accountable institution” means a person or institution referred to in Schedule 1 of the Financial

Intelligence Act;

“accountant” means a person who has obtained a degree or equivalent qualification in accounting and
who is a member of a body in Namibia which is recognised as the professional body for accountants;

“Administration of Estates Act” means the Administration of Estates Act, 1965 (Act No. 66 of 1965);

“auditor” means a person registered as an auditor under section 23 of the Public Accountants’ and
Auditors’ Act, 1951 (Act No. 51 of 1951) and who has been admitted as a member of the Institute of
Chartered Accountants of Namibia as provided for in section 29 of that Act;

“banking institution” means an institution authorised under the Banking Institutions Act, 1998 (Act No.
2 of 1998) to conduct banking business;

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Trust Administration Act, 2023 (Act 11 of 2023) Namibia

“basic information register” means a register referred to in section 32;

“beneficial owner” means a natural person that is a beneficial owner as defined in section 1 of the
Financial Intelligence Act;

“beneficial ownership register” means a register referred to in section 22 and 33;

“beneficiary” means a person who has received, or who will or may receive, a benefit under a trust and
includes a discretionary beneficiary, which is a person who may benefit under a trust at the discretion of
the trustee but which person does not have a fixed, vested, or contingent interest in the trust property;

“books” means any record, register, document or other record of information and any account or
accounting record, however compiled, recorded or stored, whether in written or printed form or by
electronic process or otherwise;

“breach of trust” means a breach of any duty imposed on a trustee or trust practitioner by this Act,
common law or by the terms of a trust instrument;

“business relationship” means a business relationship as defined in section 1 of the Financial

Intelligence Act;

“class” means a group of persons that can be named a beneficiary of a trust as long as the class is definite
or definitely ascertainable;

“competent authority” means competent authority as defined in section 1 of the Financial Intelligence
Act;

“court” means the High Court of Namibia, or any other court in Namibia which has jurisdiction to hear
and determine matters arising from this Act;

“days” means any day which is not a Saturday, Sunday or public holiday;

“end of the financial year” means the end of the financial year referred to in section 8(1);

"financial crime" means an-

(a) offence that involves theft, fraud or dishonesty under this Act;

(b) offence that involves theft, fraud or dishonesty under any other legislation enforceable in Namibia,
inclusive of, but not limited to, the Financial Intelligence Act and Prevention of Organised Crime
Act, 2004 (Act No. 29 of 2004); or

(c) offence that involves theft, fraud or dishonesty, committed in any country;

“Financial Intelligence Act” means the Financial Intelligence Act, 2012 (Act No. 13 of 2012);

"financial institution" means-

(a) a financial institution as defined in section 1 of the Bank of Namibia Act, 2020 (Act No. 1 of 2020);
or

(b) a banking institution;

“foreign trust” means a trust which is created or registered in another country and which contains trust
property located in Namibia;

“founder” means a person who provides or donates property or makes a testamentary disposition on a
trust or to a trust with the intention to establish a trust, and “settlor” and “donor” has a corresponding
meaning;

“juristic person” means a body corporate wherever incorporated;

“Legal Practitioners Act” means the Legal Practitioners Act, 1995 (Act No. 15 of 1995);

“Master” means the Master or Deputy Master of the High Court appointed under section of the
Administration of Estates Act;

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Trust Administration Act, 2023 (Act 11 of 2023) Namibia

"material irregularity" means any-

(a) non-compliance with legislation;

(b) contravention of legislation;

(c) fraud, theft or breach of fiduciary duty identified during a review performed under this Act that
resulted in or is likely to result in a financial loss; or

(d) misuse or loss of a material trust resource or substantial harm to a trust negatively impacting the
benefit of the beneficiaries;

"Minister" means the Minister responsible for justice;

“Ministry” means the Ministry responsible for the administration of matters relating to justice;

“minor” means a person who has not attained the age of 18 years;

“non-profit purpose” means a charitable, religious, cultural, educational, political, social, fraternal
purpose or any other type of welfare activity intended to benefit the public or a section of the public;

“non-profit trust” means a trust, the permitted purpose of which is a non-profit purpose;

“oral trust” means a trust that is not supported by a written trust instrument;

“person” means any natural person or a juristic person;

“permitted purpose” in relation to a trust, means a non-profit purpose and any other purpose for a trust
that is permitted at law;

“prescribed” means prescribed in the regulations made by the Minister;

“registrar of deeds” means the registrar as defined in section 102 of the Deeds Registries Act, 1937 (Act
No. 47 of 1937);

“regulations” means regulations made under this Act;

“repealed Act” means the Trust Moneys Protection Act, 1934 (Act No. 34 of 1934);

“this Act” includes regulations, notices and directives made or issued under it;

“trust” has the meaning referred to in section 2;

“trustee” means a person, including the founder or settlor of a trust, who is authorised to act as a trustee
in terms of authorisation issued by the Master in terms of this Act, including a person whose authorisation
to act as a trustee is in force at the commencement of this Act;

“trust instrument” means a written agreement, testamentary writing, a court order or a law in terms of
which a trust is created;

“trust practitioner” means a person registered as a trust practitioner in terms of section 27; and

“trust property” means money or any other movable, immovable, corporeal or incorporeal thing located
inside or outside Namibia and includes any rights, interests and claims in that property whether vested,
contingent or future, which in accordance with the trust instrument must be administered by a trustee.

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Trust Administration Act, 2023 (Act 11 of 2023) Namibia

Part 2 – CREATION OF TRUST AND CHARACTERISTICS OF TRUST

2. Creation of trust
(1) A trust is an arrangement in terms of which ownership of property of a person is made over or
bequeathed in terms of a trust instrument-

(a) in whole or in part, to the trustee, to be administered and controlled, or disposed of

according to the trust instrument for the benefit of the person or class of persons designated
in the trust instrument or for the achievement of the object stated in the trust instrument; or

(b) to the beneficiaries designated in the trust instrument, which property is placed under the
control of the trustee, to be administered and controlled, or disposed of according to the
provisions of the trust instrument-

(i) for the benefit of the person or class of persons designated in the trust instrument; or

(ii) for the achievement of the object stated in the trust instrument,

but does not include the case where the property of a person is to be administered by a person as an
executor, a tutor or a curator in terms of the Administration of Estates Act or any other written law,
or as a trustee or a liquidator in terms of the Insolvency Act, 1936 (Act No. 24 of 1936) or any other
written law.

(2) A trust includes a non-profit trust.

3. Characteristics of trust
A trust has the following characteristics:

(a) the founder must intend to create a trust, which means not merely using the trustees as contracting
parties whilst the founder retains ultimate power and control over how the trust is managed;

(b) the trust must be created for a permitted purpose;

(c) the subject matter of the trust must be capable of being defined with reasonable certainty;

(d) the object of the trust must be capable of being defined with reasonable certainty;

(e) the trust property does not form part of the trustee’s own property;

(f) the trust property is administered and controlled by the trustee on behalf of the beneficiaries;

(g) the trustee has the power and duty to administer, control or dispose of the trust property of the
trust in accordance with the terms of the trust instrument and the duties and functions imposed
upon the trustee in terms of this Act or any other law; and

(h) the trustee is accountable for the administration, control or disposal of the trust property.

4. Beneficiaries of trust
(1) Beneficiaries of a trust must be-

(a) identifiable by name; or

(b) ascertainable by reference to-

(i) a class; or

(ii) a relationship to some person whether or not living at the time of the creation of
the trust or at the time which under the terms of the trust is the time by reference to
which members of a class are to be determined.

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Trust Administration Act, 2023 (Act 11 of 2023) Namibia

(2) The trust instrument may provide for the addition of a person as a beneficiary or the exclusion of a
beneficiary from a benefit by the founder or trustee after registration of the trust in terms of section
8.

5. Certain documents considered to be trust instruments

A document, which is purported to represent the reduction to writing of an oral agreement by which an
oral trust was created or amended, is considered a trust instrument for the purposes of this Act.

6. Prohibition on administering oral trust

(1) A person may not create or administer an oral trust.

(2) An oral trust created after the commencement of this Act is invalid.

(3) A person administrating an oral trust or oral trust properties must, within 90 days after the date of
commencement of this Act, ensure that the oral trust is reduced to writing and is registered with
the Master in accordance with the provisions of this Act, provided that where the founder of the oral
trust is deceased the trustee has the obligation to register the oral trust.

7. Validity of trust
(1) A trust is valid and enforceable in accordance with the terms of the trust instrument.

(2) Without limiting the grounds on which a trust is invalid in terms of a law of Namibia, a trust is
invalid, if-

(a) it purports to do anything that is against the law of Namibia;

(b) it purports to confer any right or power or impose any obligation the exercise or carrying out
of which is contrary to the law of Namibia; or

(c) the court declares the trust as invalid.

Part 3 – REGISTRATION OF TRUST

8. Registration of trust and authorisation to act as trustee

(1) After the date of commencement of this Act, the end of the financial year of a trust registered in
terms of this Act or registered in terms of the repealed Act or a prior law is 28 February each year.

(2) After the date of commencement of this Act, a person may not administer and control or dispose of
trust property in accordance with a trust instrument unless that person-

(a) is the founder of the trust; or

(b) is a trustee nominated in terms of the trust instrument and has accepted such nomination;
and

(c) has-

(i) registered the trust, by lodging the relevant trust instrument with the Master and the
Master has issued a trust certificate in accordance with this Act; and

(ii) in the case of a trustee, been authorised by the Master in accordance with this Act to
act as a trustee in respect of the trust.

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Trust Administration Act, 2023 (Act 11 of 2023) Namibia

(3) A person that wishes to register a trust and obtain authorisation to act as trustee must in the
prescribed form and manner lodge with the Master-

(a) the original trust instrument in terms of which the trust property is to be administered and
controlled or disposed of, or a copy of the trust instrument certified as a true copy by a notary
public referred to in section 86 of the Legal Practitioners Act, or a commissioner of oaths
referred to in the Justices of the Peace and Commissioners of Oaths Act, 1963 (Act No.16 of
1963); or

(b) in the case of a foreign trust, the original trust instrument or a copy of the trust instrument
certified as a true copy by the authority or official authorised by the laws of the foreign
country to notarise documents.

(4) A trust instrument lodged with the Master under subsection (3) must-

(a) indicate the type of trust and its objects;

(b) clearly identify the trust property;

(c) indicate the first or initial trustees;

(d) indicate whether the trustee must provide security in terms of the trust instrument or this
Act or is exempted from payment of security;

(e) have attached a record to indicate the following information in respect of each beneficial
owner of the trust:

(i) the full legal names and any former full legal names of the beneficial owner;

(ii) the date of birth and identification number appearing on the national identity
document of the beneficial owner;

(iii) in the case of a beneficial owner who is not a Namibian citizen, the official number
appearing on the passport of the beneficial owner;

(iv) full particulars of residential address, business address, email address and postal
address of the beneficial owner;

(v) all available phone numbers of the beneficial owner;

(vi) the nationality of the beneficial owner;

(vii) the dates indicating the beginning and the conclusion of the beneficial ownership and
the nature and extent of the beneficial ownership; and

(viii) in the case of a beneficial owner being a natural person who has not reached the age
of 18 years, the information referred to in items (i) to (vi) in relation to the parent or
legal guardian of the beneficial owner;

(f) contain the following information relating to the beneficiaries:

(i) the full legal names and any former full legal names of the beneficiary in the case of
an individual;

(ii) the date of birth and identification number appearing on the national identity
document of the beneficiary, in the case of an individual;

(iii) in the case of a beneficiary who is a natural person and who is not a Namibian citizen,
the official number appearing on the passport of the beneficiary;

(iv) full particulars of residential address, business address, email address and postal
address of the beneficiary;

(v) the nationality of the beneficiary; and

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Trust Administration Act, 2023 (Act 11 of 2023) Namibia

(vi) the certificate of incorporation or registration, in the case that the beneficiary is a
juristic person, partnership or another form of legal arrangement.

(5) A trust instrument lodged with the Master under subsection (3) must also be accompanied by the
following:

(a) a written acceptance by the trustee to act as trustee in respect of the trust property in the
form and manner prescribed;

(b) an undertaking by an accountant or an auditor to act as an accountant or auditor of the trust,

which undertaking must indicate the particulars referred to in subsection 4(f) in respect of
the accountant or auditor;

(c) an undertaking indicating the name and branch where the bank account in the name of the
trust will be opened;

(d) an undertaking indicating at which tax office the tax registration in the name of the trust will
take place;

(e) the prescribed fee;

(f) such other relevant information or documentation as required in terms of this Act; and

(g) other information and documentation as may be prescribed.

(6) Despite subsection (4)(f), a trustee may identify a beneficiary by reference to-

(a) a class of beneficiaries;

(b) a relationship to another person, whether such person is alive or deceased at the time of the
creation of a trust; or

(c) members of a class of beneficiaries that is to be determined under the trust instrument.

(7) The Master must consider the trust instrument and information submitted under subsection (3), (4)
and (5), and may-

(a) approve the trust instrument, register the trust and issue to the applicant a trust certificate
or an authorisation to act as a trustee; or

(b) refuse to register the trust or to approve the authorisation to act as trustee and in writing
inform the applicant of the decision and reasons for the decision.

(8) A person who contravenes or fails to comply with subsection (2) commits an offence and is
liable upon conviction to a fine not exceeding N$ 10 000 000 or to imprisonment for a period not
exceeding 10 years or to both such fine and such imprisonment.

9. Amendment of trust instrument

Where a trust instrument does not contain instructions providing for the amendment of such trust
instrument, a trustee may amend that trust instrument on being required to do so by all of the
beneficiaries, if all of the following conditions are satisfied:

(a) the trust is not a testamentary trust;

(b) every beneficiary or a representative of a class of beneficiary authorised by the beneficiaries,

consents to the amendment;

(c) the trustee receives a written request to amend the trust instrument from or on behalf of each
beneficiary;

(d) the amendment is for the benefit of the beneficiaries; and

(e) the trustee has agreed to the proposal for amendment.

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Trust Administration Act, 2023 (Act 11 of 2023) Namibia

Part 4 – TRUSTEES

10. Disqualification to act as trustee or trust practitioner

(1) A person is disqualified from acting as a trustee or trust practitioner if that person-

(a) is an unrehabilitated insolvent or placed under judicial management;

(b) has been disqualified to be a director of a company in terms of section 225 of the Companies
Act, 2004 (Act No. 24 of 2004);

(c) has been disqualified from taking part in the management of corporation in terms of section
47 of the Close Corporations Act, 1988 (Act No. 26 of 1988);

(d) is prohibited in terms of any law to be a director of a company or from taking part in the
management of a corporation;

(e) has been removed from an office of trust on the grounds of misconduct involving dishonesty;

(f) has been convicted, in Namibia or elsewhere, for theft, fraud, forgery, perjury or another
form of dishonesty or a financial crime or an offence-

(i) involving money laundering, terrorist financing or proliferation financing activities as

defined in section 1(1) of the Financial Intelligence Act; or

(ii) under this Act, the Companies Act, 2004 (Act No. 24 of 2004), the Insolvency Act,
1936 (Act No. 24 of 1936) the Close Corporations Act, 1988 (Act No. 26 of 1988), the
Financial Intelligence Act, Prevention of Organised Crime Act, 2004 (Act No. 29 of
2004), the Prevention and Combatting of Terrorist and Proliferation Activities Act,
2014 (Act No. 4 of 2014), the Income Tax Act, 1981 (Act No. 24 of 1981) and the Value
Added Tax Act, 2000 (Act No. 10 of 2000);

(g) is an unemancipated minor;

(h) has been declared by a competent court to be mentally ill or incapable of managing their
own affairs or if the person is, pursuant to the Mental Health Act, 1973 (Act No. 18 of 1973),
detained as a patient in an institution or as a State patient; or

(i) otherwise lacks capacity that prevents a person from incurring legal liability.

(2) The Registrar of the High Court must, if any of the following circumstances occur, send a copy of
the relevant order or particulars of the conviction to the Master:

(a) the issuing of a sequestration order in respect of a trustee or a trust practitioner who is a
natural person;

(b) the issuing of an order of liquidation in respect of a trustee or trust practitioner which is a
juristic person;

(c) the issuing of an order for the removal of a trustee or trust practitioner from any office of
trust on the grounds of misconduct involving dishonesty; or

(d) a conviction of a trustee or trust practitioner for an offence referred to in subsection (1)(f).

(3) The Master must give written notice of the information referred to in subsection (2) to the
competent authorities and the trustees.

(4) The Master must establish and maintain in the prescribed manner a register of persons who are
disqualified from acting as a trustee or a trust practitioner in terms of an order of court, in terms of
this Act or any other law.

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(5) The Master must ensure that the register referred to subsection (4) is published on the website of
the Ministry and is open to the public for inspection during office hours and copies of the register
must, on request by any person, be made available to that person.

11. Appointment of trustees

(1) A person who is-

(a) nominated as a trustee in terms of a trust instrument and accepts such nomination;

(b) appointed as trustee in terms of a court order; or

(c) appointed as a trustee in terms of this Act,

may only act in that capacity if authorised in writing by the Master in accordance with this Act.

(2) An application for authorisation to act as a trustee must be made in the prescribed form and
manner and be accompanied by the prescribed information and documents and the fee as may be
prescribed.

(3) Where a juristic person applies in terms of this section for authorisation to act as a trustee in
respect of a trust property, the Master must issue the authorisation in the name of an individual-

(a) that qualifies in terms of this Act to be appointed as a trustee; and

(b) nominated by the juristic person to act as a trustee on behalf of that juristic person,

and the juristic person is responsible and liable for the actions of such trustee, and where the
juristic person replaces that individual, the juristic person must in terms of this section apply for
authorisation for such individual to act as trustee in respect of the trust property concerned.

12. Foreign trustees

(1) Any person who is appointed as a trustee in terms of a foreign trust to administer or dispose of trust
property located in Namibia must be authorised to act as a trustee by the Master in accordance with
section 11 and the provisions of this Act apply to that trustee.

(2) Where none of the trustees in respect of a trust whose trust property is located in Namibia are
resident in Namibia, the founder or the Master in terms of section 31 in case the founder is
deceased, must appoint a person who is resident in Namibia as co-trustee, and-

(a) such person must apply in terms of this Act for authorisation to act as trustee; and

(b) such person is responsible for reporting to the Master in respect of any matter required in
terms of this Act and ensuring compliance with this Act.

13. Security
(1) The Master may not grant authorisation for a person to act as a trustee unless the person-

(a) furnishes security to the satisfaction of the Master for the due and faithful performance of
his or her duties as trustee; or

(b) is exempted from furnishing security by-

(i) the trust instrument; or

(ii) a court order.

(2) The Master may-

(a) dispense with security, whether or not security is required by the trust instrument;

(b) reduce or cancel security to be furnished or security furnished;

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(c) in writing direct a trustee to furnish additional security; or

(d) in writing, issue a directive to a trustee who is exempted from furnishing security in terms of
a trust instrument, to furnish security.

(3) The Master must have regard to the following factors, in making a decision under subsection (2)-

(a) whether the cost of providing security is preventing the registration of a trust;

(b) whether there is no real danger of maladministration of trust property;

(c) the stability of the value of the trust property;

(d) whether the trust property has already been distributed between beneficiaries; or

(e) whether there are pending criminal proceedings regarding financial crimes against a trustee
who is exempted from furnishing security.

14. Duties of trustees

(1) A trustee must in the performance of his or her duties and the exercise of his or her powers act with
the care, diligence and skill which can reasonably be expected of a person who manages the affairs
of another.

(2) Despite the generality of subsection (1), a trustee must-

(a) know the terms of the trust instrument;

(b) act in accordance with the terms of the trust instrument;

(c) act honestly and in good faith;

(d) hold or deal with trust property and act for the benefit of the beneficiaries or to further the
permitted purpose of the trust;

(e) exercise the trustee’s powers for a permitted purpose;

(f) not exercise a power of a trustee directly or indirectly for the trustee’s own benefit, except
where-

(i) the trustee exercises powers to the benefit of the trust beneficiaries and furthers the
objects of the trust;

(ii) the direct or indirect benefit is disclosed to all trustees; and

(iii) all trustees consent to such benefit in writing;

(g) consider regularly whether he or she should be exercising any of the powers conferred on
him or her in relation to the trust;

(h) avoid a conflict between his or her interests and the interests of the trust or any of the
beneficiaries of the trust;

(i) treat all beneficiaries in accordance with the terms of the trust instrument; and

(j) not take remuneration or reward in his or her capacity as trustee except the remuneration
and expenses contemplated in section 25.

15. Trustees to act jointly

Where there is more than one trustee, the trustees must act jointly in the exercise of their powers and
performance of their functions.

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Trust Administration Act, 2023 (Act 11 of 2023) Namibia

16. Restriction on exemption and indemnity provisions

(1) The trust instrument may not limit or exclude a trustee’s liability for any breach of trust arising
from the trustee’s dishonesty, willful misconduct or gross negligence.

(2) The trust instrument may not give a trustee any indemnity against the trust property for liability for
any breach of trust arising from the trustee’s dishonesty, willful misconduct or gross negligence.

(3) A provision in a trust instrument is invalid to the extent that it purports to have the effect
prohibited under subsection (1) or (2).

17. Keeping trust property separate

(1) A trustee must preserve and enhance the value of the trust property, so far as is reasonable and in
compliance with this Act and the trust instrument.

(2) Each trustee must keep the trust property separate from his or her personal property and as
separately identifiable from any other property of which he or she is a trustee.

(3) A trustee must-

(a) indicate clearly in his or her books the trust property which he or she holds in his or her
capacity as trustee;

(b) register the trust property with the registrar of deeds or keep it registered in such manner as
to make it clear from the registration that it is the trust property;

(c) make any account or investment at a financial institution identifiable as a trust account or
trust investment; and

(d) in the case of the trust property other than property referred to in paragraphs (b) and (c),
make such property identifiable as the trust property in the best possible manner.

(4) A trustee must in respect of a trust registered in terms of the repealed Act, within 12 months
after the date of commencement of this Act, ensure that the registration or identification of trust
property being administered by a trustee or trust practitioner complies with subsection (3).

(5) The registrar of deeds-

(a) is authorised to register immovable property in the name of the trust with its trust
registration number; and

(b) must register the trust property in accordance with the deeds registration laws.

18. Notifying address of trustee

(1) Trustees in respect of which authorisation to act as trustee has been issued under the repealed Act,
must within 14 days after the date of commencement of this Act-

(a) furnish the Master with an address for the service on him or her of notices and processes;
and

(b) furnish the Master with a physical address where books and other documents and
information required under this Act are kept.

(2) Trustees must in writing inform the Master of any change of a residential address, business address
or postal address of the trustee within 14 days of such change having occurred.

(3) The Master may issue a written directive in a newspaper circulating widely in Namibia, in the
Gazette or on electronic media as prescribed, calling on trustees to provide the information required
under subsection (1) or subsection (2).

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Trust Administration Act, 2023 (Act 11 of 2023) Namibia

19. Duty to prepare financial statements and furnish certain information

(1) An accountant appointed in terms of the trust instrument or by the trustee or the founder
must prepare annual financial statements of the trust and must submit such statements to the
Master within seven months after the end of the financial year of the trust, unless the Master, on
application by the trustee, extends the period.

(2) An application for extension referred to in subsection (1) must be made in writing to the Master and
specify-

(a) why the financial statements could not be submitted within the period mentioned in
subsection (1); and

(b) the steps taken by the trustee to expedite submission of the financial statements and
progress made.

(3) The Master must consider the application made under subsection (2) and may-

(a) approve the application and in writing inform the applicant of the approval and the
additional period for the trustee to submit the financial statements; or

(b) refuse the application and in writing inform the applicant of the decision and the reasons for
the decision.

(4) The Master must make a decision in respect of an application made under subsection (2) within 14
days of receiving the application.

(5) Trustees must, within seven months after end of the financial year of the trust-

(a) prepare or cause to be prepared the annual tax returns of the trust and submit it to the
Namibia Revenue Agency; and

(b) submit a tax clearance certificate or confirmation that the trust is not liable for any tax from
the Namibia Revenue Agency to the Master, even if the trust is dormant, unless extension
has been granted by the Master in the prescribed form and manner.

20. Keeping of books

(1) Each trustee must keep up to date records, updated at prescribed intervals, of the following
information relating to the trust-

(a) the full legal names of the founder and national identification number of the founder and
other information as prescribed;

(b) the full legal names of each beneficiary and the national identification number of each
beneficiary and the official number appearing on the passport of a beneficiary who is not a
Namibian citizen and other information as prescribed;

(c) the full legal names and national identification number of each trustee including co-trustees
appointed and the official number appearing on the passport of a trustee who is not a
Namibian citizen and other information as prescribed;

(d) the full legal names and national identification number of each beneficial owner, dates
indicating the beginning and the conclusion of the beneficial ownership, the nature and
extent of the beneficial ownership, the official number appearing on the passport of a
beneficial owner who is not a Namibian citizen and other information as prescribed;

(e) the full legal names and national identification number of each trust practitioner and the
official number appearing on the passport of a trust practitioner who is not a Namibian
citizen and other information as prescribed;

(f) the trust instrument and any other documents that contain terms of the trust;

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(g) any amendment of a provision of a trust instrument by the court and details of its effect on
trust property;

(h) any amendment of a trust instrument and details of its effect on the trust property;

(i) records of the trust property that identify the assets, liabilities, income and expenses relating
to the trust property and that are relevant to the value of the trust property;

(j) any foreign trust administered by the trustees;

(k) all transactions, advisory communications and matters relating to trust accounts including
trust investments;

(l) prescribed details relating to financial institutions and accountable institutions-

(i) with which the trustee has business relationships with and the nature of that business
relationship;

(ii) which the trustee uses as agents to perform any of the trustee’s functions relating to
the trust property; and

(iii) from which the trustee obtains any services in respect of the trustee’s functions
relating to the trust property;

(m) any written contracts entered into during the trusteeship of the trustee;

(n) any records of the decisions of the trustee made during the trusteeship of the trustee;

(o) any books prepared during the trusteeship of the trustee;

(p) documents of appointment, removal and discharge of trustees, including any court orders
appointing or removing trustees;

(q) records of all expenses and disbursements paid to the trustee and trust practitioners;

(r) any reports of material irregularities and how the trustee dealt with those material
irregularities;

(s) any documents referred to in paragraphs (a) to (r) that were kept by a former trustee during
his or her trusteeship and passed on to the current trustee;

(t) any documents referred to in paragraphs (a) to (r) that were kept by a former accountable
institution, financial institution and trust practitioner which the trustees have a business
relationship with;

(u) prescribed information relating to trusts, trustees and trusts practitioners; and

(v) any other document necessary for the administration of the trust.

(2) Despite subsection (1), a trustee must, where there were former trustees of a trust, keep a record
of the full legal names and national identification numbers of each of the former trustees and their
relationship with beneficiaries.

(3) A trustee must give written notice of any change in the information referred to subsection (1) and
(2) to the Master no later than 14 days after that change occurred.

(4) The trustee must make available the register or record referred to in subsection (1) or (2) to the
Master and competent authorities on request.

21. Trust account

(1) A person who receives money in his or her capacity as a trustee must deposit that money in the
trust account-

(a) at a banking institution indicated in the undertaking referred to in section 8(5)(c); or

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Trust Administration Act, 2023 (Act 11 of 2023) Namibia

(b) in the case of a trustee acting under an authorisation issued under the repealed Act, at a
banking institution communicated in writing to the Master within 30 days after the date of
commencement of this Act.

(2) A trustee and a trust practitioner must disclose his or her position to any person, accountable
institution or another trust with which the trustee or trust practitioner engages in that capacity,
and must make it known to that accountable institution, trust or person that the relevant
transaction or business relationship relates to the trust property.

22. Beneficial ownership register

(1) A trustee must-

(a) establish and record the beneficial ownership of a trust at registration of that trust in terms
of this Act;

(b) keep a record of the prescribed information relating to the beneficial owners and beneficial
ownership of the trust;

(c) lodge the record referred to in paragraph (b) with the Master;

(d) ensure that the prescribed information referred to in paragraphs (a) and (b) is accurate,
verified and kept up to date, and updated at prescribed intervals; and

(e) communicate any change in information relating to the beneficial owner and the beneficial
ownership to the Master not later than 14 days after that change occurred.

(2) The Master must verify information in the beneficial ownership register within the prescribed time
and in the prescribed manner.

(3) A trustee must make available the beneficial ownership register to the Master and any competent
authority on request.

(4) A trustee of a trust registered under the repealed Act must comply with the provisions of subsection
(1) and provide the Master with all information referred to in that subsection within 90 days after
the date of the commencement of this Act.

23. Resignation of trustee

(1) A trustee may resign by giving 30 days written notice to the-

(a) Master;

(b) co-trustees in the case of more than one trustee; and

(c) ascertainable beneficiaries who have legal capacity and to the tutors or curators of the
beneficiaries of the trust under tutorship or curatorship and guardians of beneficiaries who
are minors,

irrespective of whether the trust instrument provides for the resignation of the trustee or not.

(2) Despite subsection (1) a resignation by a trustee is only effective if such resignation is not
contrary to the provisions of the trust instrument and in the case of a sole trustee resigning, such
resignation is only effective if that trustee has been relieved from his or her duties by the Master in
writing and the Master has issued an amended trust certificate adding a replacement trustee.

24. Death of trustee

(1) Where a power or function of a trustee is vested in or imposed on two or more trustees jointly and
one of those trustees dies, the surviving trustees, if any, may exercise such powers or perform such
functions to allow him or her or them to maintain and preserve the trust property, for a period not

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Trust Administration Act, 2023 (Act 11 of 2023) Namibia

exceeding 30 days, pending the appointment of a new trustee by the Master in accordance with
section 11, in the place of the trustee who died.

(2) If a sole trustee or the last surviving or continuing trustee dies, and in the absence of a
determination in the trust instrument as to a replacement for such trustee, the Master must, with
the concurrence of the ascertainable beneficiaries of the trust, determine the person who must
become the replacement trustee of the trust.

25. Remuneration and expenses of trustee

(1) A trustee may in respect of the execution of his or her official duties receive remuneration.

(2) The remuneration of a trustee consists of-

(a) such annual remuneration as provided for in the trust instrument, but which amount may
not exceed the prescribed amount; or

(b) where the trust instrument does not make provision for such remuneration, the
remuneration which is prescribed.

(3) A trustee may be reimbursed out of the trust property for expenses and liabilities duly and
reasonably incurred by him or her in the administration of the trust property-

(a) in the case of more than one trustees, if the other trustees approve in writing; or

(b) in the amount determined by the Master in exercising his or her discretion in the event
where the amounts claimed by the trustee are unreasonable or if there is a dispute between
the trustees as to any amount payable.

26. Custody of books after termination of trust

(1) A trustee and a trust practitioner must keep books or things which serves as proof of the
investment, safe custody, control, administration, alienation or distribution of trust property for-

(a) five years from the date of termination or deregistration of the trust; or

(b) such longer period as may be prescribed.

(2) A trustee and a trust practitioner must keep the books or things referred to in section 20 for at
least five years from the date of termination or deregistration of a trust, or for a longer period if so
requested in writing by the Master or the competent authorities before the expiration of the five-
year period.

(3) Where there is more than one trustee of a trust, each trustee must comply with the provisions of
subsection (1) and (2).

Part 5 – TRUST PRACTITIONERS

27. Trust practitioners

(1) Subject to the terms of the trust instrument, a trustee may employ or appoint trust practitioners for
performance of services referred to in section 28.

(2) A person may not act as a trust practitioner unless the person is registered as a trust practitioner in
terms of this Act.

(3) The following persons are eligible for appointment as trust practitioners-

(a) a legal practitioner;

(b) an accountant or an auditor; or

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(c) any other person who has the prescribed-

(i) experience in working with trusts; or

(ii) qualifications,

and who is a fit and proper person in accordance with the guidelines issued by the Master.

(4) A person who-

(a) is eligible to act as a trust practitioner in terms of subsection (3); and

(b) who has satisfactorily undergone the prescribed practical training,

may apply to the Master in the prescribed form and manner to be registered as a trust practitioner
and the Master may-

(i) approve the application and register the applicant to act as a trust practitioner; or

(ii) refuse the application and in writing inform the applicant of the decision and the reasons for
the decision.

(5) The Minister, after consultation with the Master, may make regulations relating to requirements
to be complied with by juristic persons who apply in terms of this Act to be registered as trust
practitioners.

28. Services provided by trust practitioner

(1) A trust practitioner may provide any of the following services:

(a) acting as the agent to establish a trust on the instructions of a founder;

(b) preparing or drawing up, for or on behalf of any other person, a trust instrument;

(c) providing a registered office, business address or accommodation for the purpose of official
correspondence or administrative address for a trust;

(d) providing guidance and advice in trust administration;

(e) registration of a trust;

(f) acting as, or arranging for another person to act as, a trustee of a trust or performing the
equivalent function for another form or legal arrangement; or

(g) performing any other prescribed related services.

(2) A trust practitioner may receive prescribed remuneration in respect of services rendered and in the
case of a dispute regarding the correctness of the remuneration, must submit his or her account to
the Master for taxation.

(3) A person, other than a trust practitioner, who charges, demands or receives any fee or reward,
whether in cash or in any other form, or knowingly permits any other person to charge, demand or
receive any such fee or reward, for any services related to a trust rendered by him or her, commits
an offence and is on conviction liable to a fine not exceeding N$ 10 000 000 or to imprisonment for
a period not exceeding 10 years, or to both such fine and such imprisonment.

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Trust Administration Act, 2023 (Act 11 of 2023) Namibia

Part 6 – DUTIES OF ACCOUNTANTS AND AUDITORS

29. Duties of accountants and auditors

(1) An auditor or accountant must in the performance of his or her duties-

(a) not act in conflict with a trust instrument for which he or she is appointed or employed as
accountant or auditor;

(b) submit accurate financial statements and documents in his or her possession timeously to
the Master on request;

(c) verify financial statements;

(d) in writing inform the Master when the trustees fail to cause the financial statements to be
prepared within the period referred to in section 19;

(e) in writing inform the Master if the trust is not administered in accordance with the
provisions of this Act or the terms of the trust instrument;

(f) in writing inform the Master if the trustees fail to keep proper records;

(g) in writing inform the Master if the trustees fail to register the trust with the Namibia
Revenue Agency or to comply with section 19(1);

(h) in writing inform the Master if he or she resigns as accountant or auditor of the trust and
provide the name of the new accountant or auditor, if available; and

(i) in writing inform the Master of the reason for resignation as referred to in paragraph (h)
and provide the Master with all financial statements and supporting documents in his or her
possession.

(2) If an auditor or accountant fails to to comply with subsection (1)-

(a) the Master may issue a directive to the trustees, the accountant or the auditor for the
removal of the auditor or accountant, after giving written notice to the trustee, accountant
and auditor and giving the trustees, the accountant and auditor a reasonable notice to be
heard;

(b) the Master may lodge a complaint with the accreditation body with which the accountant or
auditor is registered; or

(c) the accountant or auditor may be liable to an administrative sanction in terms of section 47.

30. Duty to report material irregularities

(1) Where the accountant and an auditor on reasonable grounds suspects or knows that there is a
material irregularity in connection with the administration of a trust the accountant and an auditor
must report it in writing to the trustee, and if such material irregularity is not rectified to the
satisfaction of the accountant or auditor within 14 days from the date on which it was reported to
the trustee, the accountant or auditor must report it in writing to the Master.

(2) If an accountant or auditor fails to comply with subsection (1), that accountant or auditor may be
liable to administrative sanctions in terms of section 47.

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Trust Administration Act, 2023 (Act 11 of 2023) Namibia

Part 7 – DUTIES AND POWERS OF MASTER

31. Power to appoint trustee

(1) If the office of a trustee cannot be filled or becomes vacant, the Master must, in the absence of any
provision in the trust instrument, and with the concurrence of the ascertainable beneficiaries, and
if applicable the representative of a class of beneficiaries authorised by the beneficiaries, appoint a
suitable person as trustee.

(2) If the Master considers it necessary, the Master may, after consultation with the beneficiaries,
despite the provisions of the trust instrument, appoint as co-trustee a person who is a trustee for
another trust or a suitable person he or she considers appropriate.

(3) Subject to the terms of the trust instrument, a trustee appointed under this section, has the same
powers, functions and duties of trustees.

32. Duty to keep basic information register

(1) The Master must keep a basic information register that contains prescribed information relating to
trusts, trustees and trusts practitioners registered in terms of this Act and the repealed Act.

(2) The basic information register must be kept at the office of the Master.

(3) Any person may-

(a) request to inspect the basic information register during office hours; and

(b) request certified copies of information in the basic information register.

(4) The Master must provide access to the basic information register to the competent authorities when
so requested.

(5) The Master must-

(a) keep the basic information register in such form as may be prescribed;

(b) remove from the basic information register any trust which is terminated by the court or is
deregistered;

(c) remove from the basic information register, the name of a trustee who has died, resigned
from office or is removed from office; and

(d) remove from the basic information register a trust practitioner whose registration has lapsed
or has been cancelled.

33. Duty to keep beneficial ownership register

(1) The Master must keep a register in the prescribed form containing prescribed information about
the beneficial owners and the beneficial ownership of a trust, including the beneficiaries, founders,
trustees, and any other natural person exercising ultimate effective ownership or control over the
trust.

(2) The Master may take such necessary steps as prescribed to verify the information contained in the
register referred to in subsection (1) to guarantee the accuracy of information in such register.

(3) The trustee or the Master must on request make available to the competent authorities or other
prescribed persons the information contained in the beneficial ownership register.

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34. Request for information

The Master may at any time issue a directive requesting a trustee or a trust practitioner or any other
person governed by this Act, to-

(a) establish, verify, disclose or update any information in a beneficial ownership register or provide for
inspection any book or thing referred to in section 20 or 22; and

(b) provide any book or thing connected with the activities of the trust which the Master considers
necessary for the purposes of exercising his or her functions under this Act.

35. Copies of documents

The Master must on written request-

(a) by a trustee or the surety of a trustee, legal practitioner, representative, accountant or auditor of a
trustee; and

(b) by the competent authority,

furnish a certified copy of any book or document under his or her control relating to trust property to a
trustee, to the surety of the trustee, representative, accountant, auditor or the competent authority.

Part 8 – POWERS OF COURT

36. Power of court to amend trust instrument

(1) The court may, on behalf of any of the beneficiaries specified in subsection (2), and who have an
interest in the trust property, approve the amendment of the trust instrument.

(2) For purposes of subsection (1), the beneficiaries are-

(a) a beneficiary who lacks capacity;

(b) a person who may acquire a beneficial interest at a future date or on the happening of a
future event or on becoming a member of a certain class of persons; or

(c) a future person who may acquire a beneficial interest.

(3) An application for an approval referred to in subsection (1) may be made by-

(a) the trustee or any one of the trustees; or

(b) any person with a beneficial interest in the trust property.

(4) On an application in terms of this section, the court must consider the-

(a) nature of any person’s interest in the trust property and the effect of the proposed order on
that interest;

(b) benefit or detriment that may result to any person with an interest in the trust property if
the court makes or refuses to make the proposed order; and

(c) intentions of the founder of the trust in settling the trust, if it is realistic to determine those
intentions.

(5) The court may not make an order in terms of this section if its effect would be to reduce or remove
any vested interest in the trust property.

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37. Application for court order on failure by trustee to account or perform duties
If a trustee fails to comply with a request by the Master in terms of section 34 or to perform any duty
imposed on the trustee by this Act, the trust instrument or any other law, the Master or any person having
an interest in the trust property may apply to the court for an order directing the trustee to comply with
the request by the Master or to perform the imposed duty.

38. Removal of trustee

(1) The Master or any person that has an interest in the trust property may apply to the court for the
removal of a trustee by the court if any of the circumstances referred to in subsection (3) exist
and the court is satisfied that the removal of the trustee is in the interests of the trust and the
beneficiaries of the trust.

(2) Despite subsection (1), trustees may be removed in accordance with the terms of the trust
instrument, by an order of the court or in terms of subsection (3).

(3) The Master may remove a trustee as contemplated in subsection (1) if the-

(a) trustee becomes disqualified to be authorised as a trustee in terms of section 10; or

(b) trustee fails to perform satisfactorily any duty imposed on him or her by or under this Act or
fails to comply with the requirements of this Act or any lawful request of the Master.

(4) Before removing a person as a trustee under subsection (3), the Master must give the trustee
written notice of the intention to remove the trustee and must give the trustee a reasonable
opportunity to be heard.

(5) If a trustee is removed from his or her office or resigns, the trustee must return the trust certificate
to the Master within 14 days of such removal or resignation.

Part 9 – INVESTIGATION AND INSPECTION

39. Appointment of inspectors

(1) The Executive Director of the Ministry, after consultation with the Master or on the request of the
Master, may-

(a) from among the staff members of the Ministry designate persons to be inspectors for
purposes of this Act; or

(b) subject to applicable laws, appoint other persons to be inspectors for the purposes of this
Act.

(2) An inspector-

(a) has such powers and functions as may be provided for by this Act or as may be delegated or
assigned to the inspector by the Master; and

(b) must exercise such powers and perform such functions in compliance with the directions or
instructions as may be specified by the Master.

(3) The Master must issue an identification card to every person appointed as an inspector in terms
subsection (1).

(4) The identification card referred to in subsection (3)-

(a) must be signed by the official appointed by the Master; and

(b) is prima facie evidence of the appointment of the person concerned.

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(5) An inspector must show the identification card referred to in subsection (3) and issued to him or her
to any person in relation to whom he or she may seek to exercise any power or perform any function
or duty under this Act.

40. Inspection of books

(1) The Master may from time to time inspect and audit the books of any of the following persons to
determine the extent of compliance with the requirements of this Act-

(a) trustees;

(b) trust practitioners; or

(c) any person who is or was acting as a trustee without holding an authorisation required by
this Act.

(2) For the purpose of an inspection in terms of subsection (1), the Master may instruct an inspector or
may, after consultation with the Executive Director of the Ministry and subject to applicable laws,
designate an auditor to inspect and audit books of the trustees and trust practitioners or any person
who is or was acting as a trustee without holding an authorisation required by this Act.

(3) A trustee and trust practitioner must give the Master full and free access to the books as may be
reasonably required for an inspection or audit.

41. Investigation
The Master may from time to time instruct an inspector to conduct an investigation for the following
purposes-

(a) if there are reasonable grounds to believe that an offence is committed or to be committed in terms
of this Act;

(b) to ensure compliance with this Act; or

(c) to determine whether the trustee is conducting business in a manner not prejudicial to the trust
property or the interest of the beneficiaries of the trust.

42. Powers and functions of inspectors

(1) In so far as section 40, 41 and this section provides for a limitation on the fundamental rights
contemplated in Sub-Article (1) of Article 13 of the Namibian Constitution, in that it authorises
interference with the privacy of a person’s home, correspondence or communication, that
limitation is enacted upon the authority of Sub-Article (2) of that Article.

(2) A person who enters and searches any premises under section 40, 41 or this section must exercise
those powers with strict regard for decency and order, and with regard for each person’s right to
dignity, freedom, security and privacy.

(3) In carrying out an inspection or investigation in terms of this Act, an inspector may be
accompanied and be assisted in the exercise of his or her powers by such other officials authorised
by the Master or a member of the Namibian Police Force.

(4) In conducting an inspection or investigation in terms of this Act an inspector may, subject to
subsection (5), without a warrant or prior notice to the person under inspection or investigation-

(a) enter any premises, other than premises that are a home or are being used as a home,
occupied by the person under inspection or investigation and require the production of any
book or thing relating to its business or affairs;

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(b) open any strong room, safe or other container in which the inspector, on reasonable
grounds, suspects any book or thing relating to the business or affairs of the person under
investigation or inspection is kept;

(c) search the premises or any person on the premises if there are reasonable grounds for
believing that the person has personal possession of any book or thing that has a bearing on
the inspection or investigation;

(d) use any computer system on the premises or require assistance of any person on the
premises to use that computer system, to-

(i) search any data contained in or available to that computer system;

(ii) reproduce any record from that data; and

(iii) seize any output from that computer for examination and copying;

(e) if the inspector is of the opinion that any book or thing relating to the business or affairs
of the person under inspection or investigation contains information relevant to the
investigation, examine, make extracts from and copy the book or thing;

(f) against the issue of a receipt, remove any book or thing to in paragraph (e) temporarily for
the purposes referred to in that subsection; or

(g) if the inspector is of the opinion that any book or thing referred to in paragraph (e) contains
evidence of an offence under this Act or any other law, against the issue of a receipt, seize
such books or thing and retain it for so long as it may be required for any criminal or other
relevant legal proceedings.

(5) In respect of premises or part of premises that are a home or are being used as a home, entry and
search of the premises may be conducted-

(a) only if authorised to do so by a warrant issued under subsection (6);

(b) if there are reasonable grounds for the inspector to believe that-

(i) the delay in obtaining a warrant would prejudice the object of the inspection or
investigation, or failure to act immediately may prejudice securing books or things for
the Master; or

(ii) a warrant will be issued under subsection (6) if the inspector or the Master applies for
such warrant;

(c) consent to entry and search has been given by-

(i) the person lawfully in control of the premises or lawfully in possession or having
custody of books or thing; or

(ii) a person with the power to give such consent.

(6) A judge or magistrate in chambers having jurisdiction in the area where the premises in question
are located may, on application by an inspector or the Master, issue a warrant referred to in
subsection (7).

(7) A warrant may only be issued pursuant to subsection (6) if it appears from information given
under oath or affirmation that there is reason to believe that one or more documents relating
to the business or affairs of the person under inspection or investigation is kept at the premises
concerned.

(8) A person under inspection or investigation pursuant to this section or the authorised representative
of such person may, during business hours, examine and make extracts from any book or thing
under subsection (4)(f) or (g), under the supervision of an inspector.

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Trust Administration Act, 2023 (Act 11 of 2023) Namibia

(9) If it transpires during or after an investigation conducted under this section that a document or
other item referred to in subsection (4)(f) or (g) has no relation to the business or affairs of the
person under inspection or investigation or is patently of a private nature, the inspector must
release such book or thing to its rightful owner.

43. Privilege and self-incrimination

(1) At any time during an inspection or investigation under this Act, the inspector or an officer
authorised in writing by the Master, may summon any person who is believed to be able to furnish
any information on the subject of the inspection or investigation, or to appear before the inspector
at a specified time and place in order-

(a) to be questioned; or

(b) to deliver or produce such books or thing.

(2) The inspector before whom a person appears in terms of subsection (1), may-

(a) require that person to provide the information under oath or on affirmation; and

(b) administer an oath to, or accept an affirmation from, that person.

(3) No self-incriminating answer given or statement made to a person exercising any power or function
in terms of this Act is admissible as evidence against the person who gave the answer or made the
statement in any criminal proceeding, except in criminal proceedings for perjury or in which the
person is tried for an offence contemplated in this section and only to the extent that the question
of answer is relevant to prove the offence charged.

(4) Any person who attends an investigation or inspection after having been summoned under this
section is entitled to receive such compensation in respect of expenses incurred by him or her in
connection with such attendance as he or she would be entitled to receive if he or she was a witness
attending criminal proceedings before a magistrates’ court.

(5) A person commits an offence if the person, without reasonable cause-

(a) after having been duly summoned in terms of this section, fails to-

(i) attend at the date, time and place specified in the summons; or

(ii) remain in attendance until excused by the person conducting the investigation or
presiding at the enquiry;

(b) having been called upon to take an oath or make an affirmation in terms of this section,
without sufficient cause-

(i) refuses to be sworn or to affirm as a witness; or

(ii) fails to answer fully and satisfactorily to the best of his or her knowledge all questions
lawfully put to him or her or to produce any book or thing in his or her possession or
custody or under his or her control which he or she has been required to produce; or

(c) prevents another person from obeying a summons issued under this section or from giving
evidence or producing a book or thing which he or she is required to give or produce,

and is liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding N$ 10 000 000 or to imprisonment for a period
not exceeding 10 years or to both such fine and such imprisonment.

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Trust Administration Act, 2023 (Act 11 of 2023) Namibia

Part 10 – GENERAL PROVISIONS

44. Electronic filing

(1) The Master may require that books, information or documents to be lodged, filed or submitted in
terms of this Act, be lodged, filed or submitted electronically on an electronic filing system kept and
maintained by the Ministry or a third party on behalf of the Ministry.

(2) The regulations may provide for the form and procedure for lodging, filling or submitting books,
information or documents as well as electronic signatures relating to such books, information or
documents.

45. Review
(1) The Master may on his or her own initiative or on application by an aggrieved party, reconsider any
decision, action or directive made or issued by the Master under this Act.

(2) An aggrieved party may apply to the Master in the prescribed form and manner for reconsideration
of any decision, order or directive made or issued by the Master, within 14 days after the date of
receiving the decision, order or directive.

(3) The Master must consider the application made in terms of this section and make a decision in
respect of that application within 30 days of receiving the application.

(4) The Master may-

(a) approve the application made under subsection (2) and set aside or amend the decision,
order or directive on good cause shown, including but not limited to-

(i) presentation of new facts or evidence which has bearing on the matter; or

(ii) an error in law or procedure made in good faith; or

(b) refuse the application made under subsection (2) and confirm the decision and in writing
inform the applicant of the decision, the reasons for the decision and the applicant’s right of
appeal.

46. Offences and penalties

(1) A person commits an offence if the person-

(a) administers and controls a trust without a trust certificate issued in terms of this Act;

(b) acts as trust practitioner without authorisation to act as a trust practitioner issued under this
Act;

(c) provides false or misleading information in an application made under this Act;

(d) provides false or misleading information-

(i) in the beneficial ownership register of a trust;

(ii) in the basic information register; or

(iii) any other register the trustee is required to keep in terms of this Act; or

(e) destroys any book or document or thing the person is required to keep in accordance with
this Act,

and is on conviction liable to a fine not exceeding N$ 10 000 000 or to imprisonment for a period
not exceeding 10 years, or to both such fine and such imprisonment.

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Trust Administration Act, 2023 (Act 11 of 2023) Namibia

(2) A-

(a) trustee or trust practitioner who fails to comply with section 21(2) in that he or she fails
to disclose his or her position as trustee or trust practitioner to any person, accountable
institution, juristic person or another trust with which he or she engages in that capacity; or

(b) person who fails to make it known to a person, accountable institution, juristic person or
trust that the relevant transaction or business relationship relates to trust property,

commits an offence and is on conviction liable to a fine not exceeding N$ 10 000 000 or to
imprisonment for a period not exceeding 10 years, or to both such fine and imprisonment.

(3) An accountant or auditor who fails to report a material irregularity in connection with the
administration of a trust in terms of section 30 commits an offence and is on conviction, liable to a
fine not exceeding N$ 10 000 000 or to imprisonment for a period not exceeding 10 years, or to both
such fine and such imprisonment.

(4) A person who commits an offence in terms of this Act for which no penalty is specified is on
conviction liable to a fine not exceeding N$ 10 000 000 or to imprisonment for a period not
exceeding 10 years, or to both such fine and such imprisonment.

47. Administrative sanctions

(1) The Master may impose administrative sanctions referred to in subsection (6) to a person who-

(a) fails to lodge a trust instrument with the Master in terms of section 8;

(b) fails to notify the Master of the change of address in terms of section 18;

(c) proceeds to act as a trustee in terms of a nomination in a trust instrument without obtaining
the authority of the Master required under section 8 or 11;

(d) fails to open and maintain a trust account as required under section 21;

(e) fails to perform his or her duties in terms of sections 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 and 22;

(f) fails to comply with a directive from the Master;

(g) takes remuneration or reimbursement for expenses which exceeds the prescribed amount;

(h) fails to cause the annual financial statements to be prepared and submitted to the Master in
terms of section 19;

(i) fails to cause the annual tax returns of the trust to be prepared and submitted to the Namibia
Revenue Agency in terms of section 19; or

(j) fails to update a book or information as required under this Act.

(2) A person who provides false or misleading information in the beneficial ownership register of a
trust is liable to an administrative sanction referred to in subsection (6).

(3) A trust practitioner who fails to comply with his or her duties or obligations under this Act may be
liable to an administrative sanction referred to in subsection (6).

(4) The Master must, before imposing an administrative sanction, give the person reasonable notice in
writing-

(a) of the nature of the alleged non-compliance;

(b) of the intention to impose an administrative sanction;

(c) of the amount or particulars of the intended administrative sanction; and

(d) advising the person that the person may, in writing, within a period specified in the notice,
make representations as to why the administrative sanction should not be imposed.

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Trust Administration Act, 2023 (Act 11 of 2023) Namibia

(5) In determining an appropriate administrative sanction, the Master must consider-

(a) the nature, duration, seriousness and extent of the relevant non-compliance;

(b) whether the person has previously failed to comply with this Act;

(c) any remedial steps taken by the person to prevent a recurrence of the non-compliance;

(d) any steps taken or to be taken against the person by another supervisory body or association
of which the person is a member; and

(e) any other relevant factor, including mitigating factors.

(6) After considering any representations and the factors referred to in subsection (5) the Master may
impose any one or more of the following administrative sanctions-

(a) a written warning;

(b) a reprimand;

(c) a caution not to repeat the conduct which led to the non-compliance referred to in
subsection (1);

(d) a directive to take remedial action or to make specific arrangements;

(e) to deregister a trust practitioner;

(f) the deregistration of the trust; or

(g) a financial penalty not exceeding N$ 10 000 000.

(7) On imposing an administrative sanction, the Master must, in writing, notify the person of-

(a) the decision and the reasons for the decision;

(b) in the case of a financial penalty, of the amount payable as a penalty and any interest that
may become payable and the interest rate, and the period within which the penalty must be
paid; and

(c) the right to review the decision in accordance with section 31.

(8) Any administrative penalty imposed must be paid to the State within the period and in the manner
prescribed.

(9) An administrative sanction contemplated in this section may not be imposed if the respondent has
been charged with a criminal offence in respect of the same set of facts.

48. Prohibition of disclosure of confidential information

The Master, an inspector, a person or a staff member of the Ministry exercising powers or performing
functions in terms of this Act, may not disclose to any person information relating to the affairs of the
Master of the High Court or of any other person, acquired in the performance of functions or the exercise
of powers under this Act, except-

(a) for the purpose of the exercise of powers or the performance of duties under this Act, or

(b) when required to disclose that information before a court or under any law.

49. Guidelines
(1) The Master may issue guidelines in relation to-

(a) the interpretation, operation and application of this Act or a provision of this Act; and

(b) any matter relating to any of the Master’s powers and functions under this Act.

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Trust Administration Act, 2023 (Act 11 of 2023) Namibia

(2) The Master must publish guidelines issued under subsection (1) on the website of the Ministry and
make them available to any person on request.

50. Limitation of liability

The Master, inspector or a staff member of the Ministry assisting the Master in the exercise or
performance of powers or functions is not liable, in his or her personal capacity, for any loss sustained by
or damage caused to any person as a result of anything done or omitted by any person in good faith in the
performance of any function or duty under this Act, unless it has been established that the act or omission
was committed in a grossly negligent manner or committed intentionally.

51. Regulations
(1) The Minister may, after consultation with the Master, by notice in the Gazette make regulations
relating to-

(a) any matter which is by this Act required or permitted to be prescribed;

(b) the form and manner of applications or authorisations in terms of this Act;

(c) the form and manner of a register a person is required to keep in terms of this Act;

(d) renumeration payable to trustees and trust practitioners;

(e) the period for submission of any required book or information;

(f) training required for registration as trust practitioner;

(g) information to be provided in any register to be kept in terms of this Act;

(h) electronic filing of documents or information and electronic signatures relating to such
documents or information;

(i) the time period which the Master, trustee, trust practitioner or any other person governed by
this Act must comply with;

(j) fees payable for applications or authorisations or for services rendered in terms of this Act;
or

(k) the service of any document or directive in terms of this Act.

(2) Regulations made under subsection (1) may prescribe penalties in respect of a contravention of or
a failure to comply with any provision of those regulations not exceeding a fine of N$ 10 000 000 or
imprisonment for a period not exceeding 10 years or to both such fine and such imprisonment.

52. Delegation of powers and assignment of functions

(1) The Master may, subject to such conditions as he or she may determine, in writing delegate a
power conferred upon or assign a function or duty entrusted to the Master under this Act to a staff
member of the Ministry.

(2) The Master may not under subsection (1), delegate or assign powers to register a trust, to impose
administrative sanctions, to authorise a person to act as a trustee or as a trust practitioner, to
remove a trustee or a trust practitioner, to dispense with security, to issue directives or to approve
applications under this Act.

(3) A delegation or assignment made under subsection (1) does not prevent the Master from exercising
the power so delegated or performing the function or duty so assigned.

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Trust Administration Act, 2023 (Act 11 of 2023) Namibia

53. Repeal of laws

The Trust Moneys Protection Act, 1934 (Act No. 34 of 1934) as amended by the General Law Amendment
Act, 1975 (Act No. 57 of 1975) is repealed.

54. Transitional and savings provisions

(1) A person who, in relation to a trust or any part of it, was, immediately before the commencement
date of this Act, a duly appointed trustee, accountant, auditor or any other person continues in that
office subject to the terms of the appointment and the terms of the trust instrument.

(2) A trustee, accountant, auditor or person referred to in subsection (1), who is required to obtain
authorisation to act as such in terms of this Act must apply for authorisation to act in that capacity
in accordance with this Act, within 90 days after the date of commencement of this Act.

(3) A trust certificate or another document signifying the registration of a trust and issued in terms of
the repealed Act or a prior law is valid and considered to have been issued in terms of this Act, to
the extent that it is not inconsistent with this Act.

(4) Any decision or action taken or purported to have been taken or done by the Master or a staff
member in the public service assisting the Master in the exercise of powers and functions under
the repealed Act, are, in so far as it is not inconsistent with the provisions of this Act, considered to
have been taken or done under the corresponding provisions of this Act.

(5) Anything done under any provision of the repealed Act which may be done under a corresponding
provision of this Act is considered to have been done under that corresponding provision.

(6) The Minister may, after consultation with the Master, make regulations-

(a) providing transitional and savings provisions concerning the coming into force of this Act in
addition to the transitional and savings provisions of this section; and

(b) providing for any other matters necessary for facilitating or ensuring an orderly transition
from the provisions of any enactments replaced by this Act to the provisions of this Act.

55. Short title and commencement

(1) This Act is called the Trust Administration Act, 2023 and comes into operation on a date
determined by the Minister by notice in the Gazette.

(2) Different dates may be determined under subsection (1) in respect of different provisions of this
Act.

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