1. What does OWASP stand for?

a) Online Web Application Service Process

b) Open Web Application Security Project
c) Organizational Web Application Security Protocol
d) Operational Web Application Scripting Plan
Answer: b
Explanation: OWASP stands for the Open Web Application Security Project, a non-
profit organization focused on improving web application security.
2. What is the primary purpose of OWASP Security Testing?
a) Identifying and mitigating security vulnerabilities in applications
b) Optimizing search engine indexing
c) Enhancing website load speed
d) Encrypting user interface components
Answer: a
Explanation: OWASP security testing focuses on identifying and mitigating security
vulnerabilities in software applications to protect against potential exploits.
3. What is the purpose of the OWASP Top 10 Project in software testing?
a) Simplifying database query execution
b) Improving code aesthetics
c) Identifying the 10 most critical web application security risks
d) Only for design optimization
Answer: c
Explanation: The OWASP Top 10 project highlights critical web application security
risks that testers need to address to ensure robust protection.
4. Which OWASP tool is commonly used for automated security scanning and
penetration testing?
a) MySQL Workbench
b) Sublime Text Editor
c) Google Analytics
d) OWASP ZAP (Zed Attack Proxy)
Answer: d
Explanation: OWASP ZAP is a widely used tool for automated security scanning and
penetration testing in web applications.
5. What is Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) and how should it be tested?
a) A user interface rendering bug
b) A standard coding error unrelated to security
c) A vulnerability where malicious scripts are injected into trusted sites
d) A database query tool
Answer: c
Explanation: XSS is a security vulnerability where attackers inject malicious scripts
into trusted websites, which can be identified during penetration tests.
6. Which type of testing is OWASP CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery) typically
associated with?
a) Authentication and Session Testing
b) Unit Testing
c) HTML Layout Testing
d) Interface Testing
Answer: a
Explanation: CSRF vulnerabilities should be tested during Authentication and
Session Testing to ensure proper token validation and session management.
7. What is the purpose of OWASP Cheat Sheets in software testing?
a) Provide quick and actionable security guidelines for developers
b) Enhance UI animations
c) Improve database indexing performance
d) Optimize website color schemes
Answer: a
Explanation: OWASP Cheat Sheets provide concise, actionable advice and best
practices for developers to secure web applications.
8. What does OWASP Authorization Testing focus on in software testing?
a) Minimizing page load times
b) Ensuring proper user roles and access permissions
c) Configuring search result caching
d) Database query optimization
Answer: b
Explanation: Authorization testing ensures that users have appropriate permissions
and roles to access specific data and functionalities.
9. What is the main goal of OWASP API Testing?
a) Increase HTML rendering speed
b) Improve application design aesthetics
c) Ensure APIs do not have security flaws and vulnerabilities
d) Optimize database storage
Answer: c
Explanation: OWASP API Testing verifies that APIs are secure, ensuring no
vulnerabilities are present in data transmission or access mechanisms.
10. What is the primary risk addressed by the OWASP project related to Injection
Flaws?
a) Unauthorized access to databases and systems
b) Server response time optimization
c) Code commenting best practices
d) Better search engine ranking
Answer: a
Explanation: Injection flaws allow attackers to manipulate database queries, posing
a significant risk to system security and data integrity.
11. Which OWASP guideline ensures data privacy and encryption standards in web
applications?
a) OWASP Secure Communication Guidelines
b) OWASP Encryption Best Practices
c) OWASP Data Protection Guidelines
d) OWASP Secure Data Transmission
Answer: c
Explanation: OWASP guidelines include best practices for encrypting data in transit
and at rest, ensuring privacy and security.
12. What is OWASP Clickjacking, and why is it a concern in security testing?
a) A feature for enhancing UI animations
b) A search engine ranking trick
c) A web caching method
d) An attack where users click invisible elements, exposing their data
Answer: d
Explanation: Clickjacking deceives users into clicking hidden elements on a
webpage, which can expose data or perform malicious actions.
13. What is the purpose of OWASP Secure Development Lifecycle (SDLC)
Integration?
a) Minimize email bounce rates
b) Embed security measures at every phase of software development
c) Focus solely on UI design enhancements
d) Optimize page loading speed
Answer: b
Explanation: Integrating OWASP security guidelines into the SDLC ensures robust
protection from development through deployment
PRACTICE IT NOW TO SHARPEN YOUR CONCEPT AND KNOWLEDGE
1. What does OWASP stand for in the context of web application security?
A. Online Web Application Security Protocol

B. Open Web Application Security Project

C. Operational Web Application Security Process

D. Overarching Web Application Security Principle

2. What is the primary goal of the OWASP Top Ten?

A. Identifying the most popular web applications

B. Listing the top ten web vulnerabilities

C. Promoting web application aesthetics

D. Maximizing server storage capacity

3. Which document outlines the OWASP Top Ten?

A. OWASP Guidelines

B. OWASP Manifesto

C. OWASP Ten Commandments

D. OWASP Top Ten Project

4. Why is awareness of the OWASP Top Ten important for web developers and
security professionals?
A. To improve website aesthetics

B. To list all possible web vulnerabilities

C. To provide security tips for end-users

D. To understand and mitigate common web application security risks

5. How often does OWASP typically update the Top Ten list to reflect evolving
security threats?
A. Every month

B. Every year

C. Every two years

D. Only when major security incidents occur

6. What type of vulnerability is commonly associated with user input that is not
properly sanitized, leading to unauthorized database access?
A. Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
 B. Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)

C. SQL Injection

D. Clickjacking

7. Which of the following is a common authentication-related vulnerability that

arises from weak password policies or improper session management?
A. Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)

B. Broken Authentication

C. Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)

D. Security Misconfiguration

8. What type of attack involves an attacker tricking a user into executing malicious
actions on their behalf without the user's consent?
A. Injection attack

B. Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)

C. Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)

D. Security Misconfiguration

9. Which vulnerability allows attackers to impersonate legitimate users by stealing

their session tokens or cookies?
A. Injection attack

B. Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)

C. Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)

D. Session Hijacking

10. What is the term for a vulnerability that occurs when security settings are not
configured correctly, allowing unauthorized access or exposure of sensitive
information?
A. Security Misconfiguration

B. Broken Authentication

C. Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)

D. Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)

11. What is the primary risk associated with insecure direct object references (IDOR)
in web applications?
A. Loss of sensitive data

B. Improved user experience

 C. Increased server performance

D. Faster website loading speed

12. What vulnerability does a Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) attack exploit?
A. Insecure session management

B. Lack of input validation

C. Cross-origin resource sharing

D. Trusting user authentication tokens without proper validation

13. What does the term "Security Through Obscurity" refer to in the context of web
application security?
A. Relying on well-known security practices

B. Keeping security measures hidden to deter attackers

C. Using complex encryption algorithms

D. Obscuring user interfaces for added security

14. What is the purpose of a security control like CAPTCHA in web applications?
A. Encrypting sensitive data

B. Preventing automated bots from abusing web services

C. Enhancing server performance

D. Designing efficient database structures

15. What vulnerability involves attackers manipulating a web application to perform

undesired actions on behalf of an authenticated user?
A. Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)

B. Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)

C. SQL Injection

D. Clickjacking

16. What security mechanism helps prevent Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attacks by
controlling the sources of scriptable content?
A. Content Security Policy (CSP)

B. Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)

C. Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)

D. Access Control Lists (ACL)

17. In the context of SQL Injection prevention, what is parameterized querying a
mitigation technique for?
A. Preventing unauthorized access to files

B. Preventing code injection in user inputs

C. Preventing injection of malicious scripts

D. Preventing manipulation of SQL queries

18. What security practice involves hashing passwords before storing them in a
database to enhance user authentication security?
A. Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)

B. Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)

C. Password Salting

D. Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS)

19. How does input validation contribute to web application security?

A. By encrypting data in transit

B. By preventing SQL Injection attacks and other security

vulnerabilities
C. By enforcing secure coding practices

D. By controlling access to resources

20. What security measure involves limiting user access and permissions to the
minimum necessary for their role?
A. Least Privilege

B. Content Security Policy (CSP)

C. Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)

D. Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS)

21. What security mechanism helps protect against Cross-Site Request Forgery
(CSRF) attacks by generating and validating unique tokens for each user session?
A. Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)

B. Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)

C. Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS)

D. Anti-CSRF Tokens

22. How can encryption of data in transit enhance web application security?
 A. Improving website aesthetics

B. Enhancing server performance

C. Protecting sensitive information during transmission

D. Designing efficient database structures

23. What security header helps prevent man-in-the-middle attacks by enforcing the
use of secure, encrypted connections?
A. Content Security Policy (CSP)

B. Strict-Transport-Security (HSTS)

C. Access Control Lists (ACL)

D. Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS)

24. In the context of secure file uploads, what measure can help prevent malicious
file execution on the server?
A. Input validation

B. Use of session cookies

C. Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)

D. Secure file type checking

25. What security measure involves ensuring that software components are up to
date with the latest security patches and updates?
A. Least Privilege

B. Security Misconfiguration

C. Patch Management

D. Clickjacking

26. How does threat modeling contribute to web application security?

A. Improving website aesthetics

B. Identifying and mitigating potential security threats during the

development process
C. Optimizing server processing speed

D. Designing efficient database structures

27. What is the significance of integrating security into the DevOps process for web
application development?
A. Improving website aesthetics
 B. Accelerating server storage capacity

C. Enhancing overall security by integrating security practices

throughout development and operations
D. Ignoring user interface design

28. Why is it important for organizations to conduct regular penetration testing for
web applications?
A. Improving website aesthetics

B. Identifying and assessing security vulnerabilities through simulated

attacks
C. Optimizing server processing speed

D. Designing efficient database structures

29. How can a web application benefit from implementing a bug bounty program?
A. Improving website aesthetics

B. Identifying and rewarding individuals who responsibly disclose

security vulnerabilities
C. Optimizing server processing speed

D. Ignoring user interface design

30. What role does incident response play in web application security?
A. Improving website aesthetics

B. Identifying and responding to security incidents in a timely manner

C. Optimizing server processing speed

D. Enhancing user interfaces

1. What is OWASP?
OWASP stands for Open Web Application Security Program and provides several
information and tools that help developers and businesses protect their online
applications against vulnerabilities.
2. What is an injection in OWASP?
Injection is a security risk caused when user input that hasn’t been adequately
cleansed is introduced into programs or databases and causes potential data
breaches and security vulnerabilities.
3. What is broken authentication?
Broken authentication refers to any authentication issue when users’ credentials are
incorrectly validated or validated, leading to unauthorized access to sensitive data
by an unauthorized party.
4. How can users find these vulnerabilities on the OWASP website?
Users can visit the project section of the OWASP website and select the “top 10”
option to discover the top vulnerabilities identified by OWASP.
5. How does OWASP identify the top vulnerability?
Injection was identified as one of OWASP’s primary weaknesses.
6. Who is responsible for checking these vulnerabilities?
Security testers and organizations globally have primary responsibility for
monitoring potential software security flaws to strengthen software.
7. Does OWASP provide any guides for web security testing?
Yes, OWASP offers an invaluable guide for web security testing known as the Web
Security Testing Guide.
8. Is the Web Security Testing Guide recommended for learning more
about security testing?
Yes, OWASP’s Web Security Testing Guide should be an excellent source for building
up knowledge around security testing.
9. What is the primary goal of the Web Security Testing Guide?
This resource aims to offer an all-encompassing guide for web security testing.
10. What is the Mobile Security Testing Guide?
OAS provides its Mobile Security Testing Guide as a resource to individuals and
organizations to increase knowledge in mobile application security, with detailed
guidance for testing mobile applications to detect vulnerabilities.
11. What is the Z Attack Proxy?
OAS provides this free tool called Z Attack Proxy that assists individuals and
organizations alike with finding vulnerabilities in web and mobile apps they develop
or maintain, including vulnerability scanning, code analysis and penetration testing
services.
12. What is the Juice Shop application?
OAS provides this demo application called Juice Shop that allows users to practice
security testing and identify vulnerabilities safely in a simulated environment.
13. What is OWASP ZAP?
OWASP ZAP is an open-source tool for auditor penetration tests to perform proxy
and intercept request responses. It is similar to Burp Suite but provides active and
automated scanning in Community Edition free of charge.
14. What does OWASP ZAP provide for the two types of scanning?
OWASP ZAP offers automated and manual scanning services, with automated
allowing users to perform automatic analysis against an application while manual
will enable you to explore it manually; users also have the choice between
traditional spidering or text spidering options for both types.
15. What are the features of OWASP ZAP?
OWASP ZAP offers various features, such as scanning mechanisms, triage issues
and finding security problems while measuring the correctness of the problem.
Auto-pilot scanning focuses mainly on categorizing or validating findings, while the
main feature is auto-pilot reports with categorization or validation features.
16. How do you access the features of OWASP ZAP?
Users looking to take full advantage of OWASP ZAP must have installed and updated
all relevant add-ons.
17. What is the purpose of the active scanning policy?
Active scanning policies allow users to customize and assign various tasks such as
Dom Access data gathering or HD Directory browsing, as well as set threshold and
strength requirements for their scanner’s scan speed.
18. What is the process for scanning a Moodle application using a Firefox
headless browser?
The author reviews each application until results become available, pausing at
various intervals during that scan to examine any alerts and document any findings
that arise from their examination of signals generated during scanning.
19. What types of alerts are displayed in the scanned results?
Scan results show various alerts for high findings, red flags indicate significant
findings, and orange and yellow represent medium findings, with blue serving as
informational flags for low results and blue marking informational purposes.
20. Running these tools against websites is dangerous and illegal. Why?
Running these tools against websites can be dangerous and illegal for several
reasons: hacking is prohibited under federal law, and running these tools against
websites you do not own could bring down their servers entirely.
21. What is the purpose of spidering a website?
Spidering is an automated method for exploring and indexing its content and
structure for search engine indexing purposes.
It usually requires crawling scripts that run periodically until search engine bots
have successfully crawled the content.
22.What is an active scan?
An active scan is a vulnerability assessment conducted by injecting payloads into
websites or systems to identify potential weaknesses and vulnerabilities and
pinpoint improvement areas.
23.What are some of the columns included in an active scan of a website?
An active scan typically includes columns such as ID, request timestamp, response
timestamp, method used, URL method code RTT header, RTT response header, etc.
24.How long does an active scan typically take?
The timing for an active scan to complete can depend on the scope and complexity
of the website being tested; time may need to pass for the scanner to index all
payloads on it before beginning an analysis process.
25.What happens after completing an active scan of a website?
After performing an active scan, an author should typically be taken to an alert page
displaying any vulnerabilities or potential attacks identified during their scan.
26.What is the purpose of website penetration testing?
Penetration testing identifies vulnerabilities and possible attacks to assess website
or system security and integrity.
27. What information is displayed on the alert page on the bottom left
side of OWASP ZAP?
The Alert Page displays information related to cross-site scripting, remote file
inclusion directory browsing and x-frame options.
28. How can users expand the alert to check for vulnerabilities?
Users can broaden the scope of a signal by double-clicking any of its details; for
instance, users could double-click a cross-site scripting DOM base entry and verify
whether a website is vulnerable.
29. What will the URL show when a user checks if a website is vulnerable?
It will display high, medium, and attack payload risks for path-to-vessel attack
techniques.
30. What is the purpose of the URL?
An URL allows attackers to access files, directories and commands outside the web
document root directory.
31.How can website owners address the issue of the URL?
When faced with URL security threats, website owners have several methods
available to mitigate risk: harden the application or update their server; introduce
web application firewall protection into the front of their websites; or set their
applications against attacks directly by users.
32. What are the main features of ZAP?
ZAP features several main elements, such as an intercepting proxy, spider web
crawlers, passive scanners, and active scanners.
33. What does the intercepting proxy do in ZAP?
ZAP’s intercepting proxy is an intermediary between your browser and web
applications – any messages directed towards web apps go through its intercepting
proxy.
34. What is the difference between the passive and active scanners in
ZAP?
Passive scanners examine requests and responses sent between browser and
application without initiating attacks or performing other exploits.
Active scanning reads requests and responses and performs attacks against
applications being tested. Before performing an active scan on any given
application, ensure you have permission from its creator before beginning testing.
35. When should the passive scanner be used in ZAP?
ZAP’s passive scanner should be utilized to examine requests and responses
between browser and application without performing any attacks on it.
36. What is ZAP used for?
ZAP is an effective web application security scanner capable of finding
vulnerabilities within web applications.
37. Can ZAP be used to fuzz parameters?
ZAP may also be utilized as an effective means to uncover additional threats not
picked up by other scanners.
38. What is fuzzing?
Fuzzing is a technique employed in software testing that intentionally introduces
errors or unexpected input into systems to test for their resilience and identify any
vulnerabilities.
39. Does ZAP support dynamic SSL certificates?
ZAP supports dynamic SSL certificates, making it possible to generate unique root
certificates that intercept HTTPS traffic and intercept it for interception by ZAP.
40. Is ZAP one of the tools used by penetration testers?
Penetration testers rely on ZAP as one of their go-to tools when penetrating
applications.

41. Which of the following is not a top 10 vulnerability identified by the

Open Web Application Security Program (OWASP)?
Broken authentication
Injection
Cross-site scripting (XSS)
SQL injection
42. What does OWASP stand for?
Open Web Application Security Project
Organization for Web Application Security Protection
Office of Web Application Security Program
Available Web Application Security Protection
43. What does OAS provide?
Web security testing guides
Mobile security testing guides
Web application security testing tools
All of the above
44. What is OAP?
Open Web Application Security Project
Organization for Advanced Protection
Open Web Application Security Platform
OWASP ZAP
Conclusion
OWASP technology secures online applications via tools, methods, and frameworks;
online application security testing tools, secure coding principles, and vulnerability
assessment frameworks are all part of OWASP technologies to assist developers in
constructing certain online apps.
Organizations may protect sensitive data and reduce attack risk using OWASP
technologies to secure online applications.

(1) Which of the categories added newly in OWASP Top 10 2021?

(A) Broken Access Control
(B) Insecure Design
(C) Software and Data Integrity Failure
(D) Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
(2) What are the weaknesses included in Cryptographic Failures?
(A) Use of Hard-coded Password
(B) Broken or Risky Crypto Algorithm
(C) SQL Injection
(D) Insufficient Entropy
(3) What are the weaknesses included in Software and Data Integrity Failures?
(A) Download of Code Without Integrity Check
(B) Insufficient Entropy
(C) Deserialization of Untrusted Data
(D) Broken or Risky Crypto Algorithm
(4) Which category of OWASP Top 10 broadly cover SolarWinds malicious update-
related issue?
(A) Identification and Authentication Failures
(B) Software and Data Integrity Failures
(C) Server-Side Request Forgery
(D) Security Logging and Monitoring Failures
(5) How to prevent Injection vulnerability in a web application?
(A) Use Security Headers
(B) Use of safe API
(C) Use HTTPS/TLS protocol
(D) Input validation
(6) What are the example attacks of Identification and Authentication Failures?
(A) CSRF
(B) Use of Credential Stuffing
(C) Exploiting third party component
(D) Retrieve credit card numbers by exploiting SQL Injection flaw
(7) What are the weaknesses included in Security logging and monitoring?
(A) Omission of Security-relevant Information
(B) SQL Injection
(C) Insufficient Entropy
(D) Insertion of Sensitive Information into Log File
(8) Which category includes XSS in OWASP Top 10 2021?
(A) Broken Access Control
(B) Insecure Design
(C) Software and Data Integrity Failure
(D) Injection
(9) Which category includes Insecure Deserialization in OWASP Top 10 2021?
(A) Broken Access Control
(B) Insecure Design
(C) Software and Data Integrity Failure
(D) Injection
(10) Reusing a Nonce, Key Pair in Encryption cover in which category of OWASP Top
10 2021?
(A) Broken Access Control
(B) Insecure Design
(C) Software and Data Integrity Failure
(D) Cryptographic Failure