DAYALBAGH EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

(DEEMED UNIVERSITY)
DAYALBAGH , AGRA.

Industrial project
on

A STUDY ON CONSUMER PERCEPTION TOWARDS

SEDAN SEGMENT WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO
AGRA CITY

Under the Supervision of Submitted by-

Dr. Yogita Narang Ansh Kumar Notnani
2150203
 INTRODUCTION
India, the world's fastest growing economy is in top-gear
with world's second-fastest growing auto market. India
being the second most populated country in the world
attracts a huge demand in the Automobile Industry.
Growth in disposable income in urban and rural areas,
availability of easy finance and improvement in
infrastructure are other reasons for high growth rate of
the automobile market. The statistics also prove this, as
the Automobile Sector contributes 8% to the Indian GDP.
India's automobile market is also flooded with
opportunities and has wide scope of development.

For Indian consumers, buying a car is one of the most

important decisions. It has now become a very important
task for the Indian Automobile Manufacturers to
understand consumer "buying behaviour" as it plays a
critical role in decision making regarding purchase of
products. The automobile companies should be able to
the study the buying behaviour of the consumers to get
a better understanding of their perceptions and take fast
action in the competitive environment to meet the needs
of customers.
Transportation plays a vital role in people life. Every
people depend on transportation regarding their daily
activities, and without transportation it is going to be
unimaginable With the development of science and
technology, the cars have already become the important
part in our daily life gradually. Since one century ago, the
auto industry has been developed at full speed
worldwide, and has brought the enormous progresses to
our life. Cars make our life convenient and swift.
Beginning from the concept of transporting people from
one point to another, transporting goods from one place
to another.
A sedan is an automobile having a closed body (i.e. a
fixed metal roof) with the engine, occupants, and
baggage in distinct compartments. In British English, a
car of this configuration is called a saloon. The Sedan is
one of the most common car body styles, and it is
distinguished by separate compartments for the engine,
passengers, and trunk, as well as ample rear seating.
Sedans also have permanently enclosed passenger
compartments (which distinguishes them from
convertibles) and a design pattern that includes A, B, and
C pillars. Although “four-door coupes” and “two-door
sedans” are both available, they have generally been
characterized as having four doors (differentiating them
from smaller two-door coupes).
A sedan, sometimes known as a saloon in British
English, is a three-box passenger car with distinct
compartments for the engine, passengers, and baggage.
Sedan (or saloon) is a three-box passenger vehicle with
A-, B-, and C-pillars that is separated into three
compartments: engine compartment, passenger
compartment, and cargo compartment.
A car typically has 4–5 seats and 2–4 doors on both
sides. As a result, the passenger compartment has a
total of two rows of seats (excluding rear-engine sedans
like the Volkswagen Type 3, Chevrolet Corvair, and the
Renault Dauphine). However, there are a few instances
where the engine compartment is not available.
While the exact roots of the word sedan are unknown, it
was most likely derived from ancient words that referred
to human-carried chairs known as litters. The Latin name
for these litters was “sella,” and various words
developed from that root, including the Italian “sedia.”
One urban legend claim that the word comes from a
French sub-prefecture of the same name (where the first
sedans were designed or produced), although it is
considerably more likely that the two words have
common foundations or origins.
The Renault Voiturette Type B, which was constructed
between 1899 and 1903, was the first automobile to
adhere to the contemporary definition of a sedan
(completely enclosed, seating for four or more). This
early, fully enclosed automobile, however, did not have
four doors and was not called a sedan.
History of Sedan Car
Here’s a quick rundown of the Sedan’s history. The term
“sedan” was originally used as a name for an automobile
body in 1912. The sedan chair, a one-person enclosed
box with windows carried by porters, was a 17th-century
development of a litter. Sedan, also known as Sedan
Chair, is a movable, enclosed chair that is carried by men
or animals and is supported by horizontally positioned
parallel poles. Sedans grew extremely sumptuous in the
17th and 18th centuries in Italy, France, and England and
were frequently lavishly carved and upholstered, as well
as decorated with mythical motifs or heraldic insignia.
Sir Sanders Duncombe got a royal license in 1634 for 14
years as the sole supplier of rental, or hackney, sedans,
as a reward for importing the sedan chair, most likely
from Naples. In England, sedan chairs were praised as a
welcome break from the swarms of coaches that clogged
London streets at the time.
Sedan chairs were popular among the elite in colonial
America, especially in New York City and Philadelphia. In
1789, Benjamin Franklin was still driving sedans. In Book
VI of the Lives of the Twelve Caesars, Suetonius
describes the Sedan that was used to transport Nero to
the theatre.
The Speedwell Sedan, which was initially produced in
1911, was the first automobile to be referred to as a
sedan. Speedwell Motor Company, based in Dayton, OH,
closed its doors in 1915, therefore it is most known as
the first company to coin the term sedan, which is still in
use over a century later. Although Speedwell produced
four-door cars in 1911, the so-called 1911 Sedan was
only two doors.
Types of Sedan Cars Based on Length (with Model
Examples)
Subcompact Sedan
This category includes the Toyota Vios, Yaris, Ford
Fiesta, Hyundai Accent, and others. Most of these
vehicles also come in a 5-door hatchback form.
Compact Sedan
Compact sedans are typically between 4,250 and 4,500
mm long and have a 1.4- to 2.5-liter engine displacement.
Ford Focus, Toyota Corolla Altis, Kia Forte, Chevrolet
Cruze, Honda Civic, and others are examples of such a
line-up.
Large family/mid-size Sedan
Large family or mid-size sedans are typically 4,700–4,900
mm in length and have 6-cylinder engines with a
displacement of 2.0 or 3.5 liters. Each range will have its
own engine and equipment options, depending on the
market.

The Toyota Camry, Honda Accord, and Hyundai Sonata

are examples of this class. There are up to eight different
Toyota Camry versions, each with a different price tag.
The Hyundai Sonata 2019 is one of many inexpensive
mid-sized sedans.
Full-size Sedan
They’re sedans with a cabin that’s longer than 4,900 mm
and offers a lot of space. This segment includes the
Toyota Avalon, Ford Crown Victoria, and Chrysler 300 C,
to mention a few. Also Read: What is Governer
Executive mid/luxury Sedan
The executive or mid-luxury sedans are also over 4,900
mm long, although they have a 2.5-–5.0-liter and 6-–8-
cylinder powertrain. All of the electronics in the car are
luxurious. The right-hand rear seats, in particular, are
designed to deliver the most pleasant experience for
passengers. The BMW 5 Series, Audi A6, Mercedes-Benz
E-Class, Jaguar XF, and other sedans are utilized in this
description.
Full-size luxury/ grand sedans
This word is most frequently associated with the most
cost-effective saloon on the North American car market.
The grand sedans, which have a length of more than
5,000 mm, are fueled by engines with a displacement of
more than 4.0 litres and 6–12 cylinders. This saloon style
will blend together all of the most cutting-edge
components.
On the inside, the right-hand second-row seats are
designed to control all car applications and functions
except steering. This package includes the BMW 7
Series, Lexus LS, Mercedes-Benz S-Class, and Audi A8.
As you can see, the size of the Sedan defines its
classification. This is the most often used classification
in today’s market. You can also take a look at a different
design that appears to be more intricate but intriguing.

Types of Sedan Cars Based on Style/Design

Club sedan car
Sedans having two or four doors, a traditional chassis, a
shorter roof, and less internal room than other saloons.
The name “club sedan” was attributed to luxuriously
outfitted cars manufactured on sedan chassis in the
United States from the mid-1920s through the mid-1950s.
A club sedan, according to some, is a two-door car with a
body shape similar to the sedan models in the lineup
Others define a club sedan as a two- or four-door sedan
with a shorter roof (and hence less interior room) than
the other sedan models in the lineup. The word “club
sedan” comes from a railroad train’s club carriage (also
known as the lounge or parlour carriage).
Notchback sedan car
In this three-box car, the passenger compartment and
freight trunk are largely separated. Furthermore, the car’s
roof is perpendicular to the ground and on a single
plane, whilst the back windows are at a severe angle to
the roof. The trunk lid is now parallel to the ground once
more. Typically, the phrase is only used in marketing to
distinguish between two sedan body designs (such as
notchback and fastback) within the same model range.
Fastback sedan cars
It’s a two-box saloon, not a three-box saloon. The ceiling
of the strange saloon swoops. This design’s main
purpose is to improve aerodynamic efficiency.
Hardtop sedan
The hardtop variant has frameless door glass, which
considerably increases visibility.
Hatchback sedan
This kind looks like a fastback sedan, but instead of a
trunk lid, the entire back half lifts up. For a better
understanding, consider the Ford Focus, Fiesta, or
Volkswagen Go
Chauffeured Sedan Cars
Because of its length, it’s sometimes referred to as a
limousine sedan. Cars like the Lincoln Town Car, Rolls-
Royce, and Cadillac fall into this category.
Close-coupled saloons
Four-door thoroughbred sports horse-drawn carriages
with minimal room for rear passengers’ feet gave birth to
close-coupled saloons. Manufacturers in the United
Kingdom adopted the term to describe the creation of the
chummy body, in which passengers were obliged to be
friendly because of their close quarters.
In what would normally be a two-seater automobile, they
provided weather cover for additional passengers. In the
United States and France, two-door versions are known
as coach bodies.] The Rover 3 Liter Coupé is a postwar
example.
Coach sedan cars
A four- or five-seat two-door Sedan has less passenger
space than a normal sedan. There is no exterior trunk for
luggage on a Coach body. As Haajanen points out,
distinguishing between a Club, a Brougham, and a Coach
body can be difficult, as though producers are more
concerned with promoting their product than adhering to
formal body style specifications.
Close-coupled sedan cars
In the 1920s and 1930s, a close-coupled sedan was a
popular body type in the United States. These sedans
looked more like crossovers than regular three-box
sedans because of their two-box boxy design. The rear
seats are further forward than in a standard sedan, as
they are in other close-coupled body types.
Because of the shorter body length, close-coupled
sedans (also known as town sedans) were the smallest
sedan variants available. The Chrysler Imperial is a
close-coupled sedan model. Model A Duesenberg and
Packard 745.
Features of Sedan Cars
A sedan is a closed car with a fixed roof supported by
three pairs of pillars called the A, B, and C pillars, and is
a form of passenger car of other varieties. They have a
distinct notchback line that distinguishes them
• It is developed specifically for passenger
transportation. The body’s shape and proportions
are intended to provide elegance, comfort, and
riding comfort.
• The amount of equipment, equipment, or items that
can be brought along is limited to personal needs.
The Sedan is definitely based on a roadster and a
convertible. The coupe is classified as a sedan
subspecies.
• Sedans are mostly employed for long-distance
passenger transportation. The amount of cargo that
may be carried is limited, but the loads are kept
separate from the passenger cabin on purpose.
• This is due to a number of factors:
• On the one hand, a car with a smaller cabin is less
susceptible to resonance. As a result, sedans can
provide a particularly relaxing noise environment
for a nice journey.
• Bulky, risky, or unpleasant goods can be
transported by dividing the transport space so that
they do not disrupt the driver or passengers while
driving. Because limos are more exclusive than
estate cars, luxury-class vehicles are not available
as station wagons.
• Sedans are seen in every vehicle class. They are
depicted as tiny cars in the lower middle class and
as large cars in the upper-middle class. Because
sedans are available in all price ranges, no mass
manufacturer can say they don’t have one in their
lineup. They are represented in addition to the
coupes produced from them alone in the high
class.
• Sedans are frequently employed for vehicle
conversions for personal defence. The premium
vehicles, in particular, have adequate space in the
passenger compartment to conceal armour.
 • All automobile manufacturers provide a variety of
sedans. This is especially true for mass-market
manufacturers such as Toyota, Peugeot, Citroen,
Volkswagen, Mercedes-Benz, BMW, Ford, Opel, and
Nissan. For those who enjoy both traditional and
functional automobiles, a sedan is an excellent.
Market Share of Sedan cars
Sedans, which had a market share of 24 percent in 2018,
fell to 23 percent last year, from 20.26 to 18.88 million
units. The Volkswagen Group leads the category with 18
percent, followed by Toyota (13%), Hyundai-Kia (11%),
and Renault-Nissan (9%). China continues to be the
largest global market for sedans, accounting for 51
percent of new car registrations, followed by the United
States and Canada, each accounting for 22 percent. Latin
America and Europe both have 6% of the market.
What could manufacturers do to keep saloons appealing
to new car buyers? While Tesla aims to win them over
with electrification, others, such as VW and Kia, consider
the so-called four-door coupes (Arteon and Stinger) as a
feasible alternative. Hatchbacks haven’t fared much
better, losing 1% of the market share from 2018 to 2018,
falling from 12 percent to 11 percent last year. In just one
year, sales of three- and five-door subcompact and small
cars fell from 10.45 million to 9.25 million. Hatchbacks
are still popular in Europe, which accounts for half of the
global sales in the sector at 4.6 million units, despite a
7% drop in demand in 2018.
Latin America was the second-largest market for
hatchbacks, with 1.2 million units, down 11%, while
China was the third-largest market, with 717,000 vehicles,
down 36%. The Volkswagen Group has the most market
share in these two segments, with 21%, followed by
Renault-Nissan (14%), Toyota (12%), and PSA (11%). “As
hatchbacks grew in size, their popularity declined across
Europe and Latin America,” explains Jato. “As they
became larger, they became less functional and
maneuverable. This size rise put them on an equal
footing with SUVs, which had recently been on a drive to
shrink in size.”
Benefits of Sedan Cars
When most people hear the word “vehicle,” they usually
think of sedans. These automobiles have been around
since the dawn of time, and they don’t appear to be going
away anytime soon. They’re perfect for drivers who don’t
require a lot of seating or cargo room. We’ll delve a little
deeper and offer some compelling reasons why drivers
should consider a sedan as their next vehicle.
Fuel efficiency: In terms of body length and height,
sedans are typically smaller than SUVs. They also weigh
significantly less than SUVs because they aren’t required
to transport huge loads such as work equipment, trailers,
or a boat (if you’re lucky!). The Sedan’s MPG (Miles per
Gallon) is significantly improved as a result of its
aerodynamic efficiency and reduced weight, so you’ll
spend less time and money at the petrol pump. Nissan’s
Versa is one of its most fuel-efficient sedans.
Comfort: In comparison to an SUV, a sedan’s seating
position is lower to the ground, and the body handles
much more harshly while cornering. Driving a sedan is,
therefore, more comfortable, especially if you frequently
go on curving roads. SUVs, particularly smaller variants
and crossovers, are becoming more aware of modern
driver preferences. As a result, designers are
increasingly emphasizing enhanced comfort in SUVs to
appeal to drivers looking for a daily driver for their
families.
Cost: Sedans are also more likely to have a basic two-
wheel-drive drivetrain, but SUVs are more likely to have
All-Wheel Drive or Four-Wheel Drive versions, which are
more complicated and costlier to develop. This makes
the Sedan a much better value for money for customers
on a budget, especially if you only drive on dry, paved
roads in a mild climate.
Proven Quality: Sedans are one of the most recognizable
body shapes in the automobile industry, and we all know
they’re built to perform. There’s no better alternative than
a sedan if you’re looking for a reliable automobile.
Sleek and Maneuverable: Sedans are typically sized in
between hatchbacks and SUVs. Sedans are ergonomic
about town, quick through curves, and quick off the line
when equipped with competent engines and
transmissions. The driving dynamics are a major reason
to purchase a sedan.
Price: Sedans are frequently less expensive than SUVs
from the same manufacturer. This means you’ll have
more money in your pocket when you hit the road. All of
this is possible just by opting for a sedan rather an SUV.
Options: Sedans and SUVs share a lot of the same
technology as their sedan and SUV cousins. The biggest
distinctions are primarily in the SUV setup. This means
that deciding between SUVs and sedans will no longer be
a question of which provides the most comfort.
Styling: We like the appearance of a sedan to that of an
SUV. We’re not alone in this; aerodynamics prefer
sedans as well. The style of sedans is one of the most
compelling reasons to purchase one. Of course, this is
purely subjective, but we think sedans appear sleeker,
smoother, and more stylish than the rolling bricks that
seem to dominate the SUV market.
Limitations of Sedan Car
Sedans are timeless. For decades and decades, they
were the standard vehicle. Sedans have been pushed to
the back of consumer trends by the rise of the modern
SUV and Ute. They also manufacture some of the most
enjoyable automobiles to drive, as well as some of the
most comfortable. Here are some of the drawbacks of
sedans.
Space: When compared to other types such as
hatchbacks, station wagons, SUVs, and Utes, sedans
cannot match their larger competitors in terms of space
and storage. Sedans may be deficient if you have a lot of
goods to transport. There are a few vehicles with folding
rear seats, but they still can’t compete with the ones that
prioritize storage. If you need to transport a lot of items,
a sedan may not be the best choice.
Passenger Room: Sedans lack the leg and headroom of
their bigger competitors. This is due to the vehicle’s
basic length and height. Seating arrangements become
longer and wider as the car gets longer and larger. If you
frequently transport passengers, a Sedan may not be the
ideal option.
Towing Ability: Sedans have powerful engines and
transmissions. They can even have four-wheel drive and
powerful brakes, but they can’t haul as much as Utes and
SUVs. If towing is something you do, sedans may not be
up to the task.
Parking Ability: They may be equipped with numerous
assistance and technical doodads that essentially park
the car for you, but when compared to a compact
hatchback, they will still cause you to lose that parking
spot. Hatchbacks outperform sedans in terms of
maneuverability in parking lots. Sedans, on the other
hand, have better maneuverability than Utes and SUVs.
Relative Fuel Economy: Sedans are more aerodynamic
than the other options and can be more economical, but
they will most certainly lose out to tiny hatchbacks. It’s
difficult to choose a Sedan over a tiny hatchback for the
best city driving fuel economy.

Best Sedan Cars in 2023

Best subcompact sedans
2023 Kia Rio
The 2023 Kia Rio has survived another year and is better
than you’d expect from a subcompact. Kia continues to
support entry-level buyers who don’t want the larger
Forte sedan, while others have abandoned the sector
totally. The Rio remains largely unchanged for the 2023
model year and is available as a sedan or hatchback.
2023 Nissan versa
The third generation of Nissan’s most affordable vehicle,
the Versa, debuted for the 2020 model year and will be
carried over until 2023. Subcompact sedans are no
longer manufactured in large numbers, but they deserve
praise for their excellent fuel efficiency and availability of
manual gearboxes.
Best compact sedans
2023 Honda civic
It’s a big thing for a small automobile. Honda has
updated the Civic for 2022, making it the 11th generation
of its popular small Sedan and hatchback. Honda spared
little expense in modernizing the Civics’ body
construction and engines, as well as its design and
safety features.
The 2023 Honda Civic, like its predecessors, seeks to
deliver affordable, dependable, and efficient
transportation to the public. If the 2023 Civic is as
practical and enjoyable to drive as the previous model,
the new Honda should easily maintain its position as one
of the best-selling vehicles in the United States.
2023 Honda insight
Before Honda cancelled the Insight in 2014, it was a
clumsy hatchback. The 2019 Honda Insight has been
redesigned as a sleek sedan for those looking for
something a little more elegant than a Toyota Prius.
Insight competes with a wide range of mainstream hybrid
automobiles, including the Hyundai Elantra Hybrid, Kia
Niro, and Toyota Corolla Hybrid, in addition to the
popular Prius. Honda has dropped the LX, which was
previously the base grade, for the 2023 model year.
2023 Hyundai Elantra
The Elantra is one of Hyundai’s most popular models,
having been released in 1994. Hyundai unveiled the
seventh version of its compact Sedan last year, replacing
a model that was still competitive. Rather than
abandoning this dwindling category, Hyundai is planning
to extend the Elantra lineup for 2023.
Aside from the Elantra Hybrid, there’s a sporty Elantra N-
Line and an even hotter Elantra N coming later this year,
both with manual transmissions. Honda Civic, Toyota
Corolla, and Volkswagen Jetta are among Elantra’s
rivals.
Best compact hybrid Sedan
2023 Hyundai accent
The Accent is Hyundai’s entry-level model, with few
extras. It’s only available in sedan form; the hatchback
was phased out after the 2017 model year. The Accent
competes against the Nissan Versa and the Kia Rio,
among other subcompacts. The Accent has only one
update for the 2023 model year: an immobilizer is now
standard on all trim levels.
2023 Hyundai Elantra Hybrid
It’s better to be late than never. Last year, Hyundai
introduced the Elantra Hybrid to fight against the Honda
Insight and Toyota Corolla Hybrid for the first time. The
tiny hybrid car will remain unchanged for the 2023 model
year.
Best mid-size Sedan
2023 Honda Accord
After a mid-cycle facelift in 2021, we don’t expect any
major changes to the Accord in 2023. Unless there are
significant alterations, it will keep two gas engines and a
hybrid option. The Hyundai Sonata, Toyota Camry, Kia
K5, and Subaru Legacy are some of the other affordable
four-doors that compete with the Accord.
2023 Hyundai Sonata
The Hyundai Sonata has been on the market in the
United States for more than 30 years, and the current
eighth model is the best yet. The Hyundai Sonata, which
has been redesigned for the 2020 model year, is one of
the better mid-size sedans on the market. It shares
mechanical components with the Kia K5.
Best mid-size hybrid sedans
One of the few major mid-size hybrid sedans on the
market today is the Toyota Camry Hybrid. The current
generation was introduced for the 2018 model year and
will be updated for 2023. Although front-wheel drive
remains the only drivetrain type, the 2023 Camry Hybrid
touts’ significant increases in fuel economy over the
conventional Camry.
Best renowned Sedan Cars
Honda Civic Si 2023
Honda’s 2023 Civic Si strikes a perfect balance between
performance and everyday driver characteristics, making
it arguably the brand’s top small car. As part of our
Editors’ Choice list, we included it as well. Due to the fact
that the regular Honda Civic on which the Si is based has
just been rebuilt for a new generation, the Si has
received the same interior refinements and equipment
changes as well. Civic Si sports compact cars perform
like sports cars thanks to a specially tuned chassis and
powerful turbocharged four-cylinder engine.
Mazda 3 2023
The 2023 Mazda 3 offers a premium package at a full
compact car price for those who appreciate champagne,
but want sparkling cider on their budget. A pair of
sedans and hatchbacks are available in both sedans and
hatchbacks. It features an optional all-wheel drive, a
powerful turbocharged engine, and enough luxury
feature that it can be taken seriously among small Audis,
BMWs, and Benzenes.
Volkswagen Jetta GLI 2023
Volkswagen’s 2023 Jetta GLI is a super-low-cost sports
sedan that is just as satisfying as budget sports sedans.
A simple, well-executed recipe is the key to
Volkswagen’s success. The high-performance variant of
the regular Jetta has the same large trunk and spacious
interior as the standard Jetta, but it will offer a more
powerful 228hp turbocharged four-cylinder engine,
independent rear suspension, and excellent ride and
handling.
Its standard manual transmission or dual-clutch
automatic transmission makes the GLI fast and agile.
Kia K5 2023
In addition to looking like a family sedan, the 2023 Kia
K5 has an exciting styling and 290hp engine option that
suggest something a little sexier. In terms of their
consumers, the Kia Optima’s value proposition and its
popular equipment list make it a fantastic value
proposition. That’s because the models formerly known
as the Kia Optima weren’t intended to overtake its
always-excellent rival, the Honda Accord.
A spacious back seat complements the sedan’s
attractive interior and active safety features, as well as
infotainment technology.
Tesla Model S 2023
We are experiencing an electric vehicle revolution right
now because of the Tesla Model S 2023. In the past, the
Model S has been completely uncontested by
automakers, but now competition appears. As we
approach the end of the decade, Porsche Taycan,
Mercedes EQS, and Lucid Air will compete for a piece of
the market that the Model S held. As part of Tesla’s
ongoing rejuvenation process, it gave the Model S a new
look, a new infotainment screen, and a steering yoke that
has been widely discussed.
Audi A3 2023 model
It has been rejuvenated in every way, but retains the
driving fun that made the last generation of Audi’s A3 so
memorable. A3 2023 delivers the same level of
performance as its predecessor bjt included with much
innovative additional features.
Audi is doubling down on its compact car to achieve a
richer interior, advanced technology and sharper looks
because its German rivals, BMW 2 Series Gran Coupe
and Mercedes-Benz A-Class, satisfy consumers’
appetites for premium small sedans.
BMW 3-Series 2023
The 2023 BMW 3-Series is a powerful car with a silky-
smooth powertrain that is both smooth and powerful.
While its remarkable refinement is offset by rather poor
steering feel, its body can be used on almost any trail, its
brakes are strong, and the ride is comfortable for every
day use. Additionally, the interior of the vehicle is
spacious and rich, and the trunk is spacious as well,
making it a perfect sedan for your family.
Genesis G70 and Alfa Romeo Giulia are competitors that
offer better value, but BMW’s bandwidth is unmatched by
any other sports sedan.
Genesis G70
The 2023 Genesis G70 takes the luxury quotient to the
next level, proving that the Genesis brand is a credible
competitor in the entry-level luxury segment. The G70
has both an athletic chassis and a sleek cabin, two
things that make it stand out from two leading sports
sedans like the BMW 3 Series and Mercedes-Benz C-
Class.
Furthermore, it is an example of Genesis’ bargain
pricing, coming in several thousand dollars lower than
its German rivals, making it the perfect example of
driving fun and a well-appointed interior.
Alfa Romeo Giulia Quadrifoglio 2023
Alfa Romeo Giulia Quadrifoglio 2023 gets the power up
with a twin-turbocharged V6 that produces 505
horsepower. In addition to its chassis and interior, it
shares the same handling and driving pleasure as the
standard Giulia, but its Ferrari-derived six is its main
attraction.
While it can compete with established players such as
the BMW M3 and Mercedes-AMG C63, as well as the new
Cadillac CT5-V Blackwing, it adds a certain Italian flair
that’s lacking in all those sedans, including the new
Cadillac CT5-V Blackwing.
Genesis G90 2023
Genesis G90 sedan, the brand’s most luxurious model,
will undergo a dramatic redesign in model year 2023.
Symbolizing the G90’s position at the top of the
company’s model hierarchy, the GV80’s exterior is
influenced by the G80 sedan and GV80 SUV. There will
be a 3.5-liter twin-turbo V6 powerplant under the hood as
the standard powertrain, according to Genesis. Perhaps
the only trade-off with the G90 is its somewhat dated
infotainment tech, which lags behind the more modern
offerings in the German car history.

C-Segment (Small Sedans or family

cars)
Cars from this segment are always in huge demand. C-
Segment sedans are what have a wast array of cars. Just
because of that this segment is divided into further
categories.
[1] SUB-COMPACT SEDANS : One that needs sedans for
carrying that extra luggage and want to commute
through the cities gets a sub-compact sedan. Diving a bit
deep here is what this segment offers.

• Generally, these are the sub-4-meter sedans that

share more or less the same platform as a B-segment
hatch. FYI they do not compromise on the safety and
comfort of the vehicle.
• The powertrain and drivetrain are also similar to their
hatchback counterparts.
• Well, looks being subjective subcompact sedans
have a mixed bag of reviews, some look proportioned
and some look more of a box than a car.
• Sub-Compact segment of a car includes Hyundai
Aura, Honda Amaze, Maruti Suzuki Dzire.
[2] SMALL SEDANS : This is where the problem of
manoeuvring a car starts. Small sedans are large on
space on the inside and out. This is the reason, they offer
a luxurious experience on the inside. Here is more about
the segment.
❖ Unlike the sub-compact segment, these are
manufactured from the ground up and do not share
their platform hence making them unique. With that,
cars in small C-Segment offer a decent length and
width that makes it somewhat difficult to do city
commutes. For reference, they measure far more
from 4 meters in length
❖ Bigger size also increase the weight, hence it is
evident to get a bigger engine anywhere from a 1.5-
litre to a 1.6-litre.
❖ Both Diesel as well as petrol engines are on offer.
❖ For utter convenience and comfort, the cars also
offer an automatic transmission. That includes a
torque converter, a DCT or a CVT.
❖ The cars in this segment include Hyundai Verna,
Honda City, Toyota Yaris, Maruti Suzuki Ciaz more.
 D-Segment (Mid-Sized Family cars or
Sedans)
Stepping up a notch in terms of luxury are the Mid-Sized
family cars or sedans. As the name suggests they are
more expensive and offer a lot more than the smaller C-
Segment sedans. Here is what you get in segment.
• Bigger better and larger is what that defines this D-
segment sedan. Yes! C-segment sedans are long,
these sedans are even longer making them harder
to manoeuvre.
• This is where the powertrain and the drivetrain
don’t matter, but it is the interior and amount of
luxury features that are a concern. The owners of
these sedans spend most of their time in the back
seat relaxing the city commute.
• Honda Civic, Skoda Laura, Hyundai Elantra, and
BMW 3-series are some of the cars that are a part of
this family.

•
In this fast-paced world, managing your personal and
professional lives can be really hectic. If you don’t have
your own personal mode of transportation, life can
become even more hectic. To make your life easier, you
should always find an easier and reliable mode of
transportation. Continue reading to learn why cars are
important and why you should invest in one wisely.

One of the main reasons why cars have become more

prevalent and important is because it is an easy mode of
transportation. Getting from point A to B has never been
more convenient and easier than before. You don’t need
to rely on public transportation for your daily commutes
any more, and can enjoy the liberty and independence
that comes with a car.
The Importance of Vehicles
It’s like Property
Purchasing a vehicle is perhaps one of the largest
investments you will ever make, second to the purchase
of your home. Therefore, your vehicle isn’t just a vehicle,
it’s like property. In times of need, you can sell it for a
less expensive model, and use the money for something
useful. In times of success, you can trade it in for
something that comes with even better features, benefits
and looks.
People Spend Most of their Time in Cars
Even after purchasing a vehicle, people spend plenty of
time in their car during commutes. Therefore, if you don’t
have a car, how will you be able to kill-time? At least
when you own a vehicle, you can listen to music, or talk
to friend. If you have children, they will thank you for the
entertainment offered by your car.
You Cannot Rely on Public Transportation
Catching the bus in the morning, only to find out that it’s
already full, or has left, can be a really frustrating
experience. Additionally, if the bus is late and you need
to get somewhere quickly, even a few seconds may seem
longer than usual.
Therefore, you cannot simply rely on public
transportation for daily commutes. This is why having
your own personal vehicle is very important; it helps get
you to your destinations, without having to rely on other
people.
It’s Not Just a Way to get from Point A to Point B
While many people treat their cars as simply something
to get them by, they actually aren’t. Driving on the open
roads can be an extremely wonderful experience. Not to
mention, while driving on some routes, you can enjoy the
beauty of Mother Nature, such as forests, the ocean,
rivers, lakes, deserts, forests, mountains, and hills. In
simple words, your car can take you on an adventure that
walking sometimes cannot. As such, cars are a
worthwhile investment – more than just getting you from
point A to point B.
Reasons to Invest in a Vehicle
1. Convenience and Independence
For young adults who have college and university, life
without personal transportation can be frustrating. This
is one of the main reasons you should invest in a car. It
provides the ultimate convenience and could help you
take your first step towards independence.
You will not have to be dependent on your family
members or public transportation, able to drive to your
college without any problems.
2. Save Time – Save your Mind
Using public transport to take your children to school
can be extremely stressful and time-consuming. You
have to constantly remember the time, so that you do not
miss the bus. Additionally, even if you do catch the bus,
the stops made on the way can ensure you have a long
journey ahead of you. However, if you own a car, you can
ease the burden and stress by dropping them by
yourself.
3. Easy Shopping and Transportation of Heavy Items
It’s the start of the new month and once again, you need
to head out for your monthly groceries. But, the only
thing that’s frustrating is carrying those heavy bags on
foot or in a bus. You will not have to go through this
hassle if you purchase a vehicle. Cars come with a trunk
that provides sufficient space to easily transport plenty
of shopping and heavy materials.

4. Best for Daily Commutes and Short Errands

If you have an elderly person in your home, it is unwise
to rely on public transportation for short errands.
Instead, you can simply start your car and head to the
nearest store no matter how many times you wish
without having to worry about calling a taxi or catching a
bus.
Therefore, a car is generally the best choice when it
comes to daily commutes, allowing you to run more
errands, as compared to public transportation with less
effort and in less time.
5. Allows Traveling with a Large Group of Friends
Large vehicles such as minivans or SUV’s have enough
room to seat approximately 6 or 8 passengers. Therefore,
traveling with a large group of friends or an extended
family will no longer be a problem. Additionally, this can
even lower your transportation costs on renting vehicles
or using public transportation.
6. Best for Daily Commutes and Short Errands
If you have an elderly person in your home, it is unwise
to rely on public transportation for short errands.
Instead, you can simply start your car and head to the
nearest store no matter how many times you wish
without having to worry about calling a taxi or catching a
bus.
Therefore, a car is generally the best choice when it
comes to daily commutes, allowing you to run more
errands, as compared to public transportation with less
effort and in less time.
7. Allows Traveling with a Large Group of Friends
Large vehicles such as minivans or SUV’s have enough
room to seat approximately 6 or 8 passengers. Therefore,
traveling with a large group of friends or an extended
family will no longer be a problem. Additionally, this can
even lower your transportation costs on renting vehicles
or using public transportation.
 8. Fuel-Efficiency means Lower Transportation Costs
Vehicles are available in many types, configurations, and
trims. Mid-sized cars, coupes, sedans, sub-compact, and
compact cars are all highly fuel-efficient and have lower
CO2 emissions. Many easily offer mileage of up to 30
MPG or more in the city. Therefore, this can result in a
significant amount of savings on public transportation
costs.

9. Safe Mode of Transportation

When compared to public transportation, cars are much
safer. They come equipped with numerous safety
features including airbags, adaptive cruise control,
collision detection, lane departure warnings, tire
pressure, safety belts and blind-spot monitoring, and
brake assist.
All of these features make driving a safer experience.
Additionally, vehicles are tested for safety in accidents.
Therefore, if you are a safety-conscious buyer, you can
always take a look at the IIHS and NHTSA’s crash-test
safety ratings to learn more about the safety of the
vehicle you purchased.
Hope you know why cars are important in today’s fast-
paced world and by investing in one wisely you can take
advantage of convenience, safety, and cost-efficient
traveling. If you are looking to purchase a new car in
2015, check out here to see the top 10 car brands 2014
list to get an idea of what automaker you should consider
when searching for a car.
 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
➢To study the level of awareness and opinion about this
sedan cars.
➢To find out the factors affecting consumer perception
towards sedan cars.
 NEED OF THE STUDY

• The major factors influencing the purchase decisions

towards sedan cars are design of the car and word of
mouth communication, Technology and durability,
Feature and money value, Brand and services.
(kartik jain , 2020)
• With the increase market study there is a cut through
competition with other type of cars in the industry some
of the other major competitors in this area like Hatchback,
Crossover, and SUV & MUV.
(S.rubha , 2017)
• The need for the customer satisfaction is necessary for all
business either large or small. Hence there is a need for
the study.
 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

• Nowadays, with the rise in the income level of the

consumers, a car has become a status symbol for an
individual. Therefore, there is a significant scope to
examine the purchase perception of the consumers.
(www.carwale.com/honda-city)

• This study might help a seller to select their target

segment evolve marketing strategies to increase the
sales.

• It also leads to identify and understand the scope of

growth opportunities for sedan in agra market.
 LITERATURE REVIEW
1. AJEX THOMAS VARGHES & V.S. ABHILASH ( 2021,
ASIAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS, FINANCE &
MANAGEMENT ) on his article To analyse the
consumer perception and purchase intention of electric
vehicles in India detailed that the framework used for the
survey sample is purposive sampling and will collect the
responses from a sample size of 144 respondents. This
sampling technique is used because of time constraints
and to have a fair spread of data when demography is
considered. The result clearly illustrates that the
population is well aware of the environmental benefits.
Because environmental sustainability is one of the major
concerns to be addressed and electric vehicles would
ultimately aid in achieving the same as the carbon
emissions from electric cars is almost 90% lower than
conventional cars. Apart from manufacturers,
Government should strive hard to spread awareness
about EVs and influence positive perceptions among
potential customers.

2. DR. MANISHA ( 2021, ALOCHANA CHAKRA ) To study

the consumer preference towards various brands of cars
detailed that The data had been used to cover various
aspects like consumption, consumer’s preference and
 customer’s satisfaction. A structured questionnaire was
administered for the purpose of obtaining information
from the respondents. Care has been taken to put the
questions related to subject. It contains close-ended as
well open-ended questions as the objective demanded.
The findings of the research shows that five attributes
customers gave highest consideration to looks and style
followed by the mileage. The servicemen serviced their
car regularly but the businessmen were a little hesitent in
their servicing of the cars. The most important finding is
that brand advertising for maruti is much more than any
other brand and is quickly picking up the interest of the
cosumers and hence coming with a larger market share.
May be it could overcede Huyandi in a couple of days to
come.

3. DR. SHAIK SHAMSHUDDIN & DR.

T.VENKATESWARULU (2021, INTERNATIONAL
JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH) To
study on consumer buying preferences of cars with
reference to cities from Telangana and Andra Pradesh
detailed that The questionnaire was designed by taking
the study's various outcomes. Google sheets and
schedules were both distributed to the identified
customers in the Car market. Primarily the study
focussed on the buying preferences of the customers.
 The study on Consumer preferences of a car with
selected brands and selected cities from Andhra Pradesh
and Telangana. The total sample chosen from the three
districts- Hyderabad, Vijayawada, and Visakhapatnam,
was 900. The study revealed that Maruti is the most
popular Cars brand and it has the highest percentage of
consumers who prefer the brand, followed by Hyundai
and Renault. It has been depicted that Maruti enjoys
more loyalty among respondents as its overall
consumption is high, i.e., 64 %, as compared to other
brands.

4. R.DHARMARAJ (2020, SHANLAX INTERNATIONAL

JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT) To study the purpose of
using the Maruti cars by the user in the Vellore district
and To study about which media of awareness to
influence to buy a Maruti car. For collecting primary data,
the field survey technique was employed in the Vellore
district. A well-framed questionnaire was also used to
collect the primary data. First-hand information about
consumer behavior, satisfaction, and benefits accrued by
different Maruti car users was collected from 200 sample
respondents. Realizing the importance of the passenger
car industry in the present economic situation, the
researcher has analyses the behavior of consumers
related to Maruti cars in the Vellore District, Tamil nadu.
 The researcher also strongly believes that if all the
suggestions are carried out by car manufacturers and
dealers, they may become the number one brand of car
in car marketing.

5. PRABIR ROY & DR. ATUL LOOMBA (2019, IGNITED

MINDS JOURNALS) The objective of this study is to
discuss exploring the consumer attitude and current
trends in the premium car segment automobile industry in
India. It aims to study the preferences of automobile
consumers. The purpose of this study is also to find out
the attitude and reasons for buying premium cars. Stating
the research problem along with the objectives and Data
collection and analysis (online survey, content analysis,
descriptive analysis, factor analysis, structural equation
modelling and then the testing of hypotheses). Finally to
conclude the Indian car market appears to be the
strongest growing activity among all those automobile
markets commenced across the globe. In the event of
economically middle-class, the four-wheeler segment is
witnessing fantastic growth and can imagine more
contribution to an economy from this sphere in the future.
The Indian automobile sector has now become the center
of attraction for most of the world-wide automobile giants.
6. DR. K.LATHA (2018, JOURNAL OF EMERGING
TECHNOLOGIES AND INNOVATIVE RESEARCH) To
study the level of awareness, preferences and opinion
about Honda cars, to find out the factors influencing the
customers to prefer Honda cars in sedan segment , to
determine the effectiveness of advertisements and sales
promotion and to examine the customers’ satisfaction
towards Honda Cars (Sedan). The sample size of the
study is 120 respondents. In this study, the researcher
used both primary and secondary data for data collection.
Primary data are collected by conducting direct structured
interview by using questionnaire. For secondary data,
researcher uses different sources to collect the data’s
such as company publications, business journals,
magazines, project reports, websites, etc. Based on the
feedback from the customer the researcher came to the
conclusion that the customer satisfaction was high for
Honda service cars. It may be concluded that consumer
behaviour has a greater role to play in the Honda era of
economic activities for which a necessary survey and
research should be conducted in an efficient manner.

7. DR.K.T.KALAI SELVI & D.NIDHYANTH (2018,

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE
RESEARCH IN SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLGY) To know the brand preference towards
 sedan car in Erode region, to identify the factors that
influence consumers to buy a particular brand, to know
the consumers brand loyalty towards sedan cars in Erode
region and to know the consumer’s satisfaction level
about the product’s performance & after sales services of
the dealers. The consumer who own the sedan cars were
purposively selected for the study, so it is known as
purposive sampling. Sample size taken for the study is
300. The descriptive research was used, especially to
describe the characteristics of the consumer’s perception
about sedan cars. The data was collected from both
primary and secondary sources. A Structured interview
schedule was used for data collection. Sedan car
manufacturers are the major players in the car segment
and there is tough competition among Maruthi Suzuki,
Hyundai, Tata Motors, Honda, Ford, etc., the authorized
dealers for the sedan car companies have initiated many
steps towards boosting sales operations. They sell
different models to gain more volume and more
availability to the customers. Before purchasing a sedan
car, consumers also consider the after sales services
availability of the company.

8. MOHIT SAHARANA & R.K.SINGHALB (2018,

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRADE &
COMMERCE) To Analysis of Consumer Behaviour
 Regarding Automobile Passenger Car Buyers in Meerut
Region. However, reviews made in Consumer purchasing
DRconduct of Automotive Car for different fragments
from in all little up to extravagance auto gives the skill to
Car Manufacturer yet neglects to give logical way to deal
with variables of Consumer conduct and their drivers. The
contrasted with neighborhood brands, organizations with
world-wide brands will have the capacity to enter into
business sectors all the more effortlessly, notwithstanding
to high or low status looking for shoppers, worldwide
brands with appropriate procedure will empower them to
accomplish an improved world-wide picture.

9. DR. SUKHVIR SINGH &MR.INDERPREET SINGH

(2018) To study the consumer behavior about Maruti
Cars and To study the attributes that attracts consumers
to purchase Cars. Primary data is that data which is
collected for the first time. For the purpose of collection of
primary data, a well-structured questionnaire was framed
which was filled by the respondents and Secondary data
is the data which is already collected by someone.
Secondary data was collected so as to have accurate
results .Required data was collected from various books,
magazines, journals and internet. The present study has
concluded that discounts and other offers given by
companies more attract to the customers and influence
 the customers to buy the product. The present study has
also concluded that the customers are fully satisfied with
Maruti’s promotional efforts and are well aware of the
cars offered by Maruti.

10. DR. VISHAL S.RANA &

DR.M.A.LOKHANDLE(2017) To get the opinion of
respondents regarding Maruti & Hyundai brands in
Marathwada region with respect to after sales service,
resale value, fuel efficiency, vehicle satisfaction, opinion
about price, source of information & to study the
preferences of respondents while buying Maruti &
Hyundai brands. The universe of the study consists of all
Maruti & Hyundai customers‘ in the Marathwada region. ·
Sample Size: 500 · Sampling Method: Convenient
Sampling Method · Data Type: Primary & Secondary
Data · Data collection Tool: Structured Questionnaire ·
Survey Method. The occupation pattern of respondents is
a mixture of servicemen, businessmen, self employed
person, students, farmers and retired. · The annual
income of 50.6 percent respondents is in between 2-5
lakhs per annum where as the annual income of 45.4
percent respondent is above 5 lakhs. · It was found that,
66.6 percent respondents own Maruti Suzuki vehicles
whereas remaining 33.4 percent respondents own
Hyundai Motor vehicle.
11. ASHISH KUMAR RAI (2017, INTERNATIONAL
JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC ENGINEERING &
RESEARCH) To find the impact of Brand preference
among cars, to understand the Buying behaviour of
customers, to learn the facilities/services expected by the
customers from the dealer, to identity the means of
finance preferred by the customers, to know the reason
for purchase of cars and to study the significant attributes
preferred by customers. The primary data was collected
by using a structured questionnaire. The researcher met
the customers in three main region of Jamshedpur city
and collected data by interviewing personally. The
researcher adopted convenience sampling as the
population was large. The secondary data was collected
from the companies’ bulletins, annual reports and
website. Most of the respondents belong to age group of
above 30. It is evident that out of 255 samples 32.9%
customers are businessman, 24.7% are employees,
13.7% are student, 24.7% are professionals and 3.9%
are others owns a car. Most of the (47.5%) customer’s
annual income is below 5 lakhs. About 75.7% customers
are married and 24.3% customers are unmarried. Nearly
34.7% customers family size is 4, 16.9% customers is
below 3, 15.7% customers is 3, 13.3% customers is 5
and 20% of the customers is more than 5. Most of the
 (87.5%) customers own only 1 car, 6.3% of customers
owns 2 cars.

12. DR.G.SAKTHIVEL & MR.C.S.SENTHIL KUMAR

(2017, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MARKETING
&FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT) To Research analysis in
consumer behaviour of automobile passenger car
customers in Coimbatore. However every one of the
reviews made in Consumer purchasing conduct of
Automotive Car for different fragments from little up to
extravagance auto gives the skill to Car Manufacturer yet
neglects to give logical way to deal with variables of
Consumer conduct and their drivers. Insecurity in Indian
economy will immediate affect auto deal, as auto is seen
as way of life item. In spite of the fact that auto industry
can't be protected from the impacts of back off and
retreat in economy, industry should be more in sync with
development and advancement of India and Growth in
extra cash and advanced education will remain the
primary drivers of future propel autos. Auto makers need
to track these patterns and adjust their item techniques.

13. AMIT GOYAL & ATUL SHIVA (2016, INDIAN

JOURNAL OF MARKETING) The aim of this article was
to investigate the relationship between various attributes
of mid segment cars and the selection of a best choice
amongst them by the students. For this purpose, we
examined different attributes affecting the buying
behaviour decision making process of consumers
represented by young students. The conjoint model was
adopted and tested by panel data regression analysis for
the formation of the best choice in selected attributes
affecting the mid segment car purchase decisions. The
data was collected from students of various colleges
located in the District of Ludhiana in Punjab. The main
results of this empirical research suggest that students
preferred a petrol car with price which varied between
INR 7-8 lacs having seating capacity of 7 people, horse
power of the car varying between 1400-1500 cc, with fuel
efficiency of 18-20 kmph with lower maintenance cost,
which is lesser than INR 5000.
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
According to famous Hudson maxim, all progress is born of
inquiry. Doubt is often better than overconfidence, for it leads
to inquiry, and inquiry, and inquiry leads to invention.

Research methodology is a systematic way to solve the study

problem it focuses on the objectives of the study not the
research stud, he method of elucidate the research problem,
the type of hypothesis formulated, the type of data collected
is used to analysis the data. The research methodology
includes the collection of primary data and secondary data.

“Highly intellectual human activity used in the

investigation of nature and matter and deals specially
with the manner in which the data is collected, analysed,
and interrupted is known as research methodology”

Explanatory research was opted to recognize the

characteristics of the population under study. The main
purpose is to study the research to knowing the impact of
brand and price on consumers towards sedan in Agra Uttar
Pradesh. The study area include high density populated area
where products selling are high.

Identification of the Research Problem

The study focuses upon that how much is consumer aware
for the different segment of cars when he/she buys the new
car.

Objectives of the Study

▪ To study the level of awareness and opinion about this
sedan cars.
▪ To find out the factors affecting consumer perception
towards sedan cars.
 RESEARCH PLAN
• Research Design: Descriptive & Analytical
• Data Collection: Primary as well as Secondary data
• Designing of the Questionnaire: Close ended
• Popluation: 415
• Sample Size: 69
• Sample Area: Arjun Nagar, dayalbagh, khandari, sadar
• Sample Unit: Age group between 15-50
• Sample Technique: Non- Probability Technique

Primary Data: Primary data was collected from the

respondents with the help of a self-structured Questionnaire
which was executed to respondents for the study.

Secondary Data: Secondary data was collected from the

journals and website.

Questionnaire: Questionnaire was made in different sections

so that all the objectives of the study are covered reliable
data pertaining to every object can be obtained. The final
questionnaire consists of:
• Demographic info • Other question.
 Basic information required in the background factors
regarding the respondents was collected and total 69
questionnaires were filled.

STATISTICAL TOOLS:
1. First objective through secondary data.
2. Second objective through correlation.