Rajgad Dnyanpeeth Technical Campus Polytechnic,

. Dhangawadi Tal.Bhor, Dist.Pune-412205

Micro project ReportOn

Make flow diagram of Fiber To Home

Is Submitted by
Mr. Jadhav Aditya Prashant

Under The Guidance Of

Prof. Deshmukh.M.U
Department of Electronics & Telecommunication
Engineering
(Academic Year 2024-25)

Maharashtra State Board Of Technical,

Mumbai
 Certificate

This is to certified to
Mr. Jadhav Aditya Prashant
Mr. Khandale Aditya Deepak
Mr. Kumbhar Shreyas Manesh
Mr. Mandhare Sumant Suresh

Has successfully submitted their micro project report on Make flow

diagram of Fiber To Home. In the academic year 2024-2025 in the partial
fulfilment towards the completion of micro project in T.Y E&TC
Engineering under MSBTE MUMBAI

Project guide HOD

Prof . Deshmukh.M.U Prof . Malusare.K.B
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am pleased to acknowledge my sincere thank Deshmukh.M.U for their

kind encouragement in doing this project and for completing it
successfully. I am grateful to them.

I would like to express my sincere and deep sense of gratitude to my

Project work Guide of Prof . Deshmukh.M.U for her valuable guidance,
suggestions and constant encouragement paved way for the successful
completion of my project work.

I wish to express my thanks to all Teaching and Non-teaching staff

members of the Department of E&TC who were helpful in many ways for
the completion of the report.
 ABSTRACT

FTTH networks belong to the family of FTT-x transmission systems within the world
of telecommunications. These networks, which are considered broadband, have the
ability to transport large amounts of data and information at very high bit rates up to a
point close to the end user. The FTT-x family comprises a set of technologies based
on transport of digital signals through optical fiber as transmission medium.

These networks, which are considered broadband, have the ability to transport large

amounts of data and information at very high bit rates up to a point close to the end
user. The FTT-x family comprises a set of technologies based on transport of digital
signals through optical fiber as transmission medium. Different levels of scope,-
depending on the degree of optical fiber closer to the end user, which arise as a result
of a greater or lesser price reduction of these systems.

All FTT-x networks support a logical network configuration of tree, star, bus and ring,
and all with the ever present possibility of using active components depending on the
location of users or end customers. Depending on the degree of penetration of FTT-x,
these networks.
 INTRODUCTION

The application of PON technology for providing broadband connectivity in the access
network to homes, multiple occupancy units, and small businesses commonly is called
fiber to the x. This application is given the designation FTHx.

The next chapter consists of an extensive collection of FTH-x optical transmission

systems, and specifically the FTTH system by which the design and deployment of the
proposed network in this project is based.

Therefore, it describes general operation of such networks, standards of architecture

and operating structure, as well as the current situation in the world and the services
that they offer, and in the near future will be able to offer. This will provide an
overview of FTTH technology and in-depth the knowledge of the particular
circumstances of such networks.
 OPTICAL LINE TERMINAL

The OLT is located in a central office and controls the bidirectional flow of
information across the ODN (Optical Distribution Network). An OLT must be able to
support transmission distances across the ODN of up to 20 km (currently could be
more with EDFA). In the downstream direction the function of an OLT is to take in
voice, data, and video traffic from a long-haul network and broadcast it to all the ONT
modules on the ODN.

In the reverse direction (upstream), OLT accepts and distributes all the traffic from the
network users. Simultaneous transmission of separate service types on the same fiber
in the ODN is enabled by using different wavelengths for each direction. For
downstream transmissions, a PON uses a 1490 nm wavelength for combined voice and
data traffic and a 1550 nm wavelength for video distribution. Upstream voice and data
traffic use a 1310 nm wavelength. Each OLT is tasked to avoid interference between
the contents of downlink and uplink channel, using two different wavelengths
superimposed.

For this, techniques for WDM (wavelength division multiplexing) are used, and are
based on the use of optical filters. An optical power measurement at the OLT is also
required to ensure that sufficient power is delivered to the ONTs. This should be done
during the initial activation because it cannot be repeated without interrupting service
for the entire network once the network has been connected. Finally, note that the OLT
does not emit the same light output at all ONT fairly, but depends on the distance they
are from the plant. Therefore, a user close to the central need less power, while a
remote user will need a higher power.
 SPLITTER

Splitters are passive power dividers that allow communication between the OLT and
their respective ONT who serve.
However, not only are dedicated to multiplex or demux signals but also combine
power: they are bidirectional optical

Distribution devices with one input and multiple outputs:

• The signal which enters from input port (downlink), it proceeds from the OLT
and it is divided among multiple output ports.
• The signals which enter from the exits (uplink), they come from ONT and they
are combined at the entrance.
• The fact of being completely passive elements, it allows them to operate without
extern power, lowering their cost of deployment, operation and maintenance. They
just introduce optical power loss on communication signals, which are inherent in
nature. There is an inverse mathematical relationship between the losses introduced by
the divisor and the number of outputs of the same, being this: Therefore a splitter with
two outputs, in the worst case, it loses 3 dB (half power) at each exit. Graphically, it
can be expressed the operation of a splitter with the following. There are various types
of splitters, as not all are built from same technology.

• However, the common divisors are two types:

• For devices with large number of outputs (> 32 outputs) splitters based on planar
technology are used.
• For devices with fewer outputs (<32 outputs) splitters based on fused biconical
couplers are used.
DIAGRAM
 DOWNSTREAM CHANNEL

The downstream channel is the direction of information from the OLT operator to the
ONT located on the end user. In this network, the PON behaves like a point multipoint
network. The OLT includes plenty of added voice and data frames that go towards
PON, through the P-OLT (voice and data) and the V-OLT (video). Frames collected
by these teams are transformed to signals which inject in the different branches of the
users.

These branches are formed by one or two fibers that carry signals bi or unidirectional,
and are passively coupled by optical splitters that allow the union of all the ONT in the
network, without intermediate regeneration of signals (avoiding active
elements).These dividers are responsible for receiving information from the OLT and
send all the information to all their outputs. Once the information arrives to ONTs,
each will only be able to process the traffic it belongs, or for which have the access by
the operator, thanks to the AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) security techniques.
In this procedure, TDM (time division multiplexing) broadcast protocol is used,
sending information to each user in different times.

The OLT has different pre-set time intervals, each one corresponded to a particular
user. So, in function of each temporal segment, the ONT of each user filters the
information addressed to him. An important aspect to consider is the wavelength (λ)
which the OLT transmit information to ONT. These lengths vary according to if a tree
branch or ONT connection has a single fiber or two fibers.
 UPSTREAM CHANNEL

The upstream channel is the direction of information from the ONT end user to the
OLT operator. In this network, the PON behaves like a point to point. Each ONT
includes the added frames of voice and data (from each user) that are directed toward
the OLT. At this point, the ONT performs the same operation as the OLT in the
downstream channel, i.e., turn the frames into injecting signals through optical fiber
that have been dedicated to the user. The splitters of each stage are in charge of
collecting information from all corresponding ONTs and mul the ONT to the splitter
is two or single fiber, the wavelength of the upstream channel work is always the same.
The information sent by the user (voice and data), always travel at TRIPLEX it in a
single output fiber towards the operator OLT. In order to transmit information from
different ONT on the same channel, is necessary (as in the downstream channel) the
use of TDMA, so that each ONT sends the information in different time intervals
controlled by the OLT unit.
 ADVANTAGES

• A PON allows for longer distances between central offices and customer
premises. While with the Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) the maximum distance
between the central office and the customer is only 18000 feet (approximately
5.5 km), a PON local loop can operate at distances of over 20 km.

• There is the possibility of providing every information source in a different

wavelength, avoiding the mix of signals to each other, and facilitating diffusion
from the OLT to the different ONTs. Therefore, signals voice and data are
managed by so-called P-OLT which operates in second window wavelengths,
and video signals in diffuse by the so-called V-OLT, operating in third window
wavelengths. This fact give scalability PON transmission system, given the
variety of wavelengths to use for the same by DWDM.

• To this, it adds the reduced cost of network deployment in the outside plant. The
use of passive elements in the network supposes a lower cost of implementation.
On the one hand it reduces the cost of installation of active elements, and on the
other hand the cost of passive element itself, which is much lower.
 Disadvantages

The capacity of splitters. A greater number of users, less power reach everyone from
the OLT.

• Maximum distance to achieve. The greater the distance between the OLT and
end users, less power will reach the corresponding ONTs. However, despite the
disadvantages mentioned above, the most advantageous configuration for the
deployment of FTTx is PON. Two of the most important conditions that justify
the use of this architecture are:

• The economic savings resulting from deploying PON networks regarding other
two configurations (point to point and active optical network).

• The flexibility of the network, which allows the usage of a channel by a large
number of users.
 REFERENCES
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3. F. Ladouceur and J. D. Love, Silica-based buried channel waveguides and
devices (Chapman & Hall, 1995), Chap. 8.
4. Author(s), "Title of paper," in Title of Proceeding, (Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers, New York, 1900), pp. 00-00.
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of OSA Proceedings Series (Optical Society of America, Washington, D.C.,
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